Pub Date : 2023-01-27DOI: 10.21603/2542-1840-2023-7-1-46-53
Yu-Kyeong Kim
The first decade of the XXI century saw an explosive growth of conservatism in Russian government and society. This process resulted in the scientific focus on the domestic and foreign theoretical heritage in this philosophical and political-legal aspect. The question remains whether the Russian conservatism is directive or only recommendatory. At this moment, it is the current political vocabulary that is conservative, not the actual activities. The gap between the proclaimed tasks and the liberal model of the current Constitution is growing wider. The dead-end nature of the Russian political system had been obvious long before its adoption in 1993. The present study substantiates the urgent need for the development of the scientific heritage accumulated by the domestic conservative tradition and its transformation into a program with a clear roadmap. The article focuses on the theoretical provisions, generalizations, and conclusions made by N. Ya. Danilevsky, which may be applied to the current state of Russian statehood and its prospects. The Russian state studies need a new scientific paradigm, primarily in the field of constitutional law.
{"title":"Constitutional and Legal Values of Liberalism and Conservative Political Tradition: Dialectics of Conflicting Paradigms","authors":"Yu-Kyeong Kim","doi":"10.21603/2542-1840-2023-7-1-46-53","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21603/2542-1840-2023-7-1-46-53","url":null,"abstract":"The first decade of the XXI century saw an explosive growth of conservatism in Russian government and society. This process resulted in the scientific focus on the domestic and foreign theoretical heritage in this philosophical and political-legal aspect. The question remains whether the Russian conservatism is directive or only recommendatory. At this moment, it is the current political vocabulary that is conservative, not the actual activities. The gap between the proclaimed tasks and the liberal model of the current Constitution is growing wider. The dead-end nature of the Russian political system had been obvious long before its adoption in 1993. The present study substantiates the urgent need for the development of the scientific heritage accumulated by the domestic conservative tradition and its transformation into a program with a clear roadmap. The article focuses on the theoretical provisions, generalizations, and conclusions made by N. Ya. Danilevsky, which may be applied to the current state of Russian statehood and its prospects. The Russian state studies need a new scientific paradigm, primarily in the field of constitutional law.","PeriodicalId":33387,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik Kemerovskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76557376","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-27DOI: 10.21603/2542-1840-2023-7-1-21-29
Irina Zakir'yanova, A. Mikhaylova
The article introduces the history and prospects of spiritual and moral education. The authors identified the pedagogical possibilities of ethnic culture and its inclusion in the system of spiritual and moral education. The analysis was based on the scientific potential proven by historical practice. It provided an objective assessment of the genesis of spiritual and moral education in its dynamics. As a pedagogical tool, ethnic culture is a treasure trove of moral and ethical value orientations and life meanings. The article clarifies the concepts of spiritual and moral education and ethnic culture, as well as identifies the ways of developing the spiritual and moral potential of university students. The research relied on the fundamental standards developed by the leading educationalists. It identified the place of ethnic culture in the system of spiritual and moral education developed by the specific cultural and historical conditions and based on the invaluable experience of the life of the people. Ethnic culture finds its expression in the requirements for the content of spiritual and moral education. The research makes it possible to use the academic and educational potential of extracurricular activities in the spiritual and moral education of university students.
{"title":"Ethnic Culture in the System of Spiritual and Moral Education","authors":"Irina Zakir'yanova, A. Mikhaylova","doi":"10.21603/2542-1840-2023-7-1-21-29","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21603/2542-1840-2023-7-1-21-29","url":null,"abstract":"The article introduces the history and prospects of spiritual and moral education. The authors identified the pedagogical possibilities of ethnic culture and its inclusion in the system of spiritual and moral education. The analysis was based on the scientific potential proven by historical practice. It provided an objective assessment of the genesis of spiritual and moral education in its dynamics. As a pedagogical tool, ethnic culture is a treasure trove of moral and ethical value orientations and life meanings. The article clarifies the concepts of spiritual and moral education and ethnic culture, as well as identifies the ways of developing the spiritual and moral potential of university students. The research relied on the fundamental standards developed by the leading educationalists. It identified the place of ethnic culture in the system of spiritual and moral education developed by the specific cultural and historical conditions and based on the invaluable experience of the life of the people. Ethnic culture finds its expression in the requirements for the content of spiritual and moral education. The research makes it possible to use the academic and educational potential of extracurricular activities in the spiritual and moral education of university students.","PeriodicalId":33387,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik Kemerovskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta","volume":"4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90161328","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-27DOI: 10.21603/2542-1840-2023-7-1-59-65
O. Biryukova
Lay participation is an indicator of a democratic society. This article analyzes some traditional forms of lay participation in criminal proceedings, in particular, the Schöffen courts in Germany and jury trials in the UK, e.g., the main competencies of people's judges, staffing rules, etc. The author highlighted some general and special disadvantages, as well as those associated with the application of these forms in Russian criminal trials. The diachronic analysis of courts with people's assessors and jury courts revealed a number of differences and similarities. In Russia, Schöffen courts took place during the reign of Catherine the Great, as well as in the Soviet period; jurors participated in criminal trials in the second half of the XIX century and still do. The article also describes the current domestic legislation on lay participation in judicial proceedings.
{"title":"Lay Participation: Schöffen Courts and Jury Trials","authors":"O. Biryukova","doi":"10.21603/2542-1840-2023-7-1-59-65","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21603/2542-1840-2023-7-1-59-65","url":null,"abstract":"Lay participation is an indicator of a democratic society. This article analyzes some traditional forms of lay participation in criminal proceedings, in particular, the Schöffen courts in Germany and jury trials in the UK, e.g., the main competencies of people's judges, staffing rules, etc. The author highlighted some general and special disadvantages, as well as those associated with the application of these forms in Russian criminal trials. The diachronic analysis of courts with people's assessors and jury courts revealed a number of differences and similarities. In Russia, Schöffen courts took place during the reign of Catherine the Great, as well as in the Soviet period; jurors participated in criminal trials in the second half of the XIX century and still do. The article also describes the current domestic legislation on lay participation in judicial proceedings.","PeriodicalId":33387,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik Kemerovskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89600747","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-27DOI: 10.21603/2542-1840-2023-7-1-80-86
V. Kazmin
The article introduces an analysis of legal and political reforms in the USSR and the RSFSR during the Perestroika. The research objective was to describe the implementation of political and legal reforms. The analysis was based on the systematic approach, which considers independent political and legal processes in their interaction and development. The research principles included various general scientific methods and the principle of historicism, as well as comparative legal and formal legal methods. The analysis of sources and scientific literature proved that the authorities pursued a spontaneous and sometimes arbitrary policy, especially in the reform of the political system and the legal reform. While the early Perestroika was associated with the theory of the socialist rule of law, legal theorists found no special principles and norms that would distinguish it from the concepts of Western liberal and bourgeois legal thought. The fact that the government rejected the postulates of socialism caused chaotic changes in the Constitutions of the USSR and the RSFSR. When the Union center lost its positions, the initiative moved to the republican and regional levels. As a result, the constitutional reform of the late 1980s – early 1990s increased the confrontation with the allied authorities and led to domestic political and legal conflicts.
{"title":"Legal and Political Reforms and Amendments to the Constitutions of the USSR and the RSFSR during the Perestroika (1985 – Early 1990s)","authors":"V. Kazmin","doi":"10.21603/2542-1840-2023-7-1-80-86","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21603/2542-1840-2023-7-1-80-86","url":null,"abstract":"The article introduces an analysis of legal and political reforms in the USSR and the RSFSR during the Perestroika. The research objective was to describe the implementation of political and legal reforms. The analysis was based on the systematic approach, which considers independent political and legal processes in their interaction and development. The research principles included various general scientific methods and the principle of historicism, as well as comparative legal and formal legal methods. The analysis of sources and scientific literature proved that the authorities pursued a spontaneous and sometimes arbitrary policy, especially in the reform of the political system and the legal reform. While the early Perestroika was associated with the theory of the socialist rule of law, legal theorists found no special principles and norms that would distinguish it from the concepts of Western liberal and bourgeois legal thought. The fact that the government rejected the postulates of socialism caused chaotic changes in the Constitutions of the USSR and the RSFSR. When the Union center lost its positions, the initiative moved to the republican and regional levels. As a result, the constitutional reform of the late 1980s – early 1990s increased the confrontation with the allied authorities and led to domestic political and legal conflicts.","PeriodicalId":33387,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik Kemerovskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta","volume":"29 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80684666","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-27DOI: 10.21603/2542-1840-2023-7-1-30-36
E. Petlina, Larisa Zvereva, Konstantin Korchak
Digitalization has changed the methods of developing new skills and abilities in schoolchildren. New approaches have to be designed to plan training sessions and implant the basic ideas about professional competence. Modern supra-professional skills also require novel methods. This research featured digital didactic games as a means of developing supra-professional competencies. The authors reviewed available publications on professional and supra-professional competencies and their development methods. They described the semantic structure of the soft skills formation model through the use of digital didactic games. Didactic games are effective in developing soft skills and have a great digital potential, e.g., certain parts of a didactic game can be digitally personalized. The article describes didactic games, their requirements, and specific soft skills that are considered mandatory as part of supra-professional skills. The research relied on the principles of consistency and the holistic approach to academic processes, as well as on the connection between logic, history, theory, and practice. The article can help educators to develop new didactic games for various disciplines.
{"title":"Developing Soft Skills through Digital Didactic Games at the Stage of General Education","authors":"E. Petlina, Larisa Zvereva, Konstantin Korchak","doi":"10.21603/2542-1840-2023-7-1-30-36","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21603/2542-1840-2023-7-1-30-36","url":null,"abstract":"Digitalization has changed the methods of developing new skills and abilities in schoolchildren. New approaches have to be designed to plan training sessions and implant the basic ideas about professional competence. Modern supra-professional skills also require novel methods. This research featured digital didactic games as a means of developing supra-professional competencies. The authors reviewed available publications on professional and supra-professional competencies and their development methods. They described the semantic structure of the soft skills formation model through the use of digital didactic games. Didactic games are effective in developing soft skills and have a great digital potential, e.g., certain parts of a didactic game can be digitally personalized. The article describes didactic games, their requirements, and specific soft skills that are considered mandatory as part of supra-professional skills. The research relied on the principles of consistency and the holistic approach to academic processes, as well as on the connection between logic, history, theory, and practice. The article can help educators to develop new didactic games for various disciplines.","PeriodicalId":33387,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik Kemerovskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82867406","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-27DOI: 10.21603/2542-1840-2023-7-1-37-45
E. Gavrilov
Scientific forecasting and long-term planning of social development cannot ignore such a key structural component of modern society as the state. This article describes the prospects for the development of the state in the XXI century, the main factors of state transformation, and the most common interpretations of their consequences. The list of factors includes globalization, scientific and technological progress, competing multinational companies, and various supranational structures. The research revealed four scenarios. (1) The state gives place to new management systems. (2) The main political centers remain either as executive units of supranational structures, or as relatively independent macro-formations. (3) National states degenerate into new political forms under the influence of modern social factors. (4) New autarkies or neo-autarkies appear on the territories of contemporary states. Most forecasters foretell those states are bound to lose their independence of internal and foreign policy on a planetary scale. Some of them see a process of transition to new non-state models of society management. Others declare that states will grow in strength in the historical perspective, reaching the form of autarky, and on stronger grounds than ever before. The future of the state in this century depends not on political relations, but on the transformation of personality, values, and connections. The future of the state as an independent subject of domestic or foreign policy depends on its ability to respond to the challenges of modern civilization.
{"title":"Scenarios of State Development in the XXI Century","authors":"E. Gavrilov","doi":"10.21603/2542-1840-2023-7-1-37-45","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21603/2542-1840-2023-7-1-37-45","url":null,"abstract":"Scientific forecasting and long-term planning of social development cannot ignore such a key structural component of modern society as the state. This article describes the prospects for the development of the state in the XXI century, the main factors of state transformation, and the most common interpretations of their consequences. The list of factors includes globalization, scientific and technological progress, competing multinational companies, and various supranational structures. The research revealed four scenarios. (1) The state gives place to new management systems. (2) The main political centers remain either as executive units of supranational structures, or as relatively independent macro-formations. (3) National states degenerate into new political forms under the influence of modern social factors. (4) New autarkies or neo-autarkies appear on the territories of contemporary states. Most forecasters foretell those states are bound to lose their independence of internal and foreign policy on a planetary scale. Some of them see a process of transition to new non-state models of society management. Others declare that states will grow in strength in the historical perspective, reaching the form of autarky, and on stronger grounds than ever before. The future of the state in this century depends not on political relations, but on the transformation of personality, values, and connections. The future of the state as an independent subject of domestic or foreign policy depends on its ability to respond to the challenges of modern civilization.","PeriodicalId":33387,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik Kemerovskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta","volume":"14 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87246395","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-27DOI: 10.21603/2542-1840-2023-7-1-87-93
Svetlana Lonskaya, V. Ponomareva
The methodology of Russian legal science has a poor understanding of such an interdisciplinary science as legal iconography and the iconographic (iconological) methods. This article focuses on the legal history studies and legal iconography. The current source-centric approach in the socio-humanitarian sciences requires a broader understanding of research subject and methodology. The history of legal iconography is an independent scientific direction, its main tasks being systematization and description. The author defines legal iconography as an interdisciplinary direction of scientific research that describes and interprets visual sources of legal content. The essence of iconographic method is the description of the general theme, the definition and attribution of details, and the interpretation of images, allegories, and plots. This definition is illustrated by numerous examples. The author also defined prospective areas of iconographic research in law. Iconological research includes three stages. The pre-iconographic stage is purely empirical and descriptive. The iconographic stage is theoretical and analytical; it reveals the direct content and meaning of the image. The author believes that the iconographic (iconological) method of scientific research in law and the prospects of legal iconography in Russian legal studies require further research and scientific discussion.
{"title":"Legal Iconography and Iconographic (Iconological) Method in Legal Studies","authors":"Svetlana Lonskaya, V. Ponomareva","doi":"10.21603/2542-1840-2023-7-1-87-93","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21603/2542-1840-2023-7-1-87-93","url":null,"abstract":"The methodology of Russian legal science has a poor understanding of such an interdisciplinary science as legal iconography and the iconographic (iconological) methods. This article focuses on the legal history studies and legal iconography. The current source-centric approach in the socio-humanitarian sciences requires a broader understanding of research subject and methodology. The history of legal iconography is an independent scientific direction, its main tasks being systematization and description. The author defines legal iconography as an interdisciplinary direction of scientific research that describes and interprets visual sources of legal content. The essence of iconographic method is the description of the general theme, the definition and attribution of details, and the interpretation of images, allegories, and plots. This definition is illustrated by numerous examples. The author also defined prospective areas of iconographic research in law. Iconological research includes three stages. The pre-iconographic stage is purely empirical and descriptive. The iconographic stage is theoretical and analytical; it reveals the direct content and meaning of the image. The author believes that the iconographic (iconological) method of scientific research in law and the prospects of legal iconography in Russian legal studies require further research and scientific discussion.","PeriodicalId":33387,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik Kemerovskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta","volume":"119 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84895444","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-27DOI: 10.21603/2542-1840-2023-7-1-102-111
Irina Gaag
The article introduces the problem of socially dangerous consequences. Legal studies reveal no uniform approach to the definition of socially dangerous consequences. The author elaborates on the definition of socially dangerous consequences, describes their signs, and defines such concepts as their essence and content, as well as the object of encroachment. Socially dangerous consequences are connected with the criminal act and the object of crime, so the author describes their interdependence, mutual influence, and the derivativeness of socially dangerous consequences from the criminal act. This derivation makes it possible to transfer the signs of the criminal act to the socially dangerous consequences it causes. These signs include: public danger, social character, negativity, and objectivity. The complex of signs of socially dangerous consequences makes up their content. The characteristics of the object of encroachment and the structure of the object demonstrate a one-sided connection of socially dangerous consequences with the object of crime. The signs of socially dangerous consequences result from the signs of the object of encroachment. The author describes the signs of socially dangerous consequences derived from the object of encroachment, as well as the motives for their allocation. The features of each of the indicated signs are irremovability, measurability, heterogeneity, and multiplicity. All the above signs, derived from both the socially dangerous act and the object of crime, belong to socially dangerous consequences. The signs of socially dangerous consequences can be divided into direct and indirect, which together make up the content of the socially dangerous consequences.
{"title":"Content of Socially Dangerous Consequences of a Criminal Act","authors":"Irina Gaag","doi":"10.21603/2542-1840-2023-7-1-102-111","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21603/2542-1840-2023-7-1-102-111","url":null,"abstract":"The article introduces the problem of socially dangerous consequences. Legal studies reveal no uniform approach to the definition of socially dangerous consequences. The author elaborates on the definition of socially dangerous consequences, describes their signs, and defines such concepts as their essence and content, as well as the object of encroachment. Socially dangerous consequences are connected with the criminal act and the object of crime, so the author describes their interdependence, mutual influence, and the derivativeness of socially dangerous consequences from the criminal act. This derivation makes it possible to transfer the signs of the criminal act to the socially dangerous consequences it causes. These signs include: public danger, social character, negativity, and objectivity. The complex of signs of socially dangerous consequences makes up their content. The characteristics of the object of encroachment and the structure of the object demonstrate a one-sided connection of socially dangerous consequences with the object of crime. The signs of socially dangerous consequences result from the signs of the object of encroachment. The author describes the signs of socially dangerous consequences derived from the object of encroachment, as well as the motives for their allocation. The features of each of the indicated signs are irremovability, measurability, heterogeneity, and multiplicity. All the above signs, derived from both the socially dangerous act and the object of crime, belong to socially dangerous consequences. The signs of socially dangerous consequences can be divided into direct and indirect, which together make up the content of the socially dangerous consequences.","PeriodicalId":33387,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik Kemerovskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta","volume":"10 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89765837","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-27DOI: 10.21603/2542-1840-2023-7-1-66-73
S. Gavrilov, A. Velichko, O. Vinnichenko
The article deals with historical and legal problems related to the state and law development of the USSR during the period of socialist modernization. The authors believe that the constitutional reforms of 1936–1939 were part of the Soviet legitimization at the final stage of socialist state-building. The legitimization strategy consisted in the declaration of a new nature of statehood based not on the narrow social stratum of factory proletariat, but on the society as a whole. The essential changes in the ideological paradigm included the rejection of the former Marxist idea that the state naturally fades away after the socialist construction is completed. The goals of the legitimization strategy included a stable state power, a coherent political course, a new ideology to oppress the opposition sentiments, and a better international image. These goals resulted in significant changes to the constitutional legislation, including the norms that enshrined some principles of democratic statehood. The need to develop the Constitution of the USSR in 1936 arose from the intention of the authorities to prevent social tension, to ensure that the law corresponded to the real socio-economic and political situation, and to optimize the structure of public power. The country could not abandon the congress model of state administration because of the resistance of regional elites, which could have been overcome by a more liberal electoral legislation. The analysis provided a new interpretation of the Great Terror policy. The legal democratization after the constitutional reform, the repressions of 1937–1938, and the bureaucratization of public administration were links in the same chain that revealed a liberal-bureaucratic trend in the state and legal development of the USSR in the 1930s.
{"title":"Constitutional Reform in the Second Half of the 1930s: Completing the Soviet Nation-Building Processes","authors":"S. Gavrilov, A. Velichko, O. Vinnichenko","doi":"10.21603/2542-1840-2023-7-1-66-73","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21603/2542-1840-2023-7-1-66-73","url":null,"abstract":"The article deals with historical and legal problems related to the state and law development of the USSR during the period of socialist modernization. The authors believe that the constitutional reforms of 1936–1939 were part of the Soviet legitimization at the final stage of socialist state-building. The legitimization strategy consisted in the declaration of a new nature of statehood based not on the narrow social stratum of factory proletariat, but on the society as a whole. The essential changes in the ideological paradigm included the rejection of the former Marxist idea that the state naturally fades away after the socialist construction is completed. The goals of the legitimization strategy included a stable state power, a coherent political course, a new ideology to oppress the opposition sentiments, and a better international image. These goals resulted in significant changes to the constitutional legislation, including the norms that enshrined some principles of democratic statehood. The need to develop the Constitution of the USSR in 1936 arose from the intention of the authorities to prevent social tension, to ensure that the law corresponded to the real socio-economic and political situation, and to optimize the structure of public power. The country could not abandon the congress model of state administration because of the resistance of regional elites, which could have been overcome by a more liberal electoral legislation. The analysis provided a new interpretation of the Great Terror policy. The legal democratization after the constitutional reform, the repressions of 1937–1938, and the bureaucratization of public administration were links in the same chain that revealed a liberal-bureaucratic trend in the state and legal development of the USSR in the 1930s.","PeriodicalId":33387,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik Kemerovskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta","volume":"87 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74491312","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-27DOI: 10.21603/2542-1840-2023-7-1-14-20
Ekaterina Gradaleva
The article deals with the assistive technologies that can be used by visually-impaired students to master Business English. The research aimed at developing a special academic course that would allow visually-challenged students to interact with their groupmates during distance learning. The author developed an audio book called Business English: Audio Materials for Visually-Impaired Students and based the new course on the existing assistive technologies. The book includes audio materials, e.g., lectures, examples of business communication, exercises with answer keys, extra tasks with answer keys, a final test, and an audio dictionary of business vocabulary. The course can be taught as tutorials or independently. The teaching and presenting methods proved effective and satisfy the requirements for educational courses for the blind and visually impaired people. The article shows the way the theory and practice presented in the audio format can facilitate the process of learning business vocabulary by listening.
{"title":"Study Materials for Teaching Business English to Visually-Impaired Students","authors":"Ekaterina Gradaleva","doi":"10.21603/2542-1840-2023-7-1-14-20","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21603/2542-1840-2023-7-1-14-20","url":null,"abstract":"The article deals with the assistive technologies that can be used by visually-impaired students to master Business English. The research aimed at developing a special academic course that would allow visually-challenged students to interact with their groupmates during distance learning. The author developed an audio book called Business English: Audio Materials for Visually-Impaired Students and based the new course on the existing assistive technologies. The book includes audio materials, e.g., lectures, examples of business communication, exercises with answer keys, extra tasks with answer keys, a final test, and an audio dictionary of business vocabulary. The course can be taught as tutorials or independently. The teaching and presenting methods proved effective and satisfy the requirements for educational courses for the blind and visually impaired people. The article shows the way the theory and practice presented in the audio format can facilitate the process of learning business vocabulary by listening.","PeriodicalId":33387,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik Kemerovskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90724640","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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