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Socio-Structural Aspects of Globalization: Methodological Research Foundations 全球化的社会结构方面:方法论研究基础
Pub Date : 2023-10-17 DOI: 10.21603/2500-3372-2023-8-3-301-311
Evgeniy Mel'nikov, Vladimir Mileckiy, Sergey Savin
The article examines the category of the global social structure and its position in the conceptual and categorical apparatus of modern sociological science. This category is characterized by a certain novelty and needs further theoretical development. The authors note and describe the concepts that form the basis of the society’s global social structure research from the perspective of the modern system approach, and consider its significance in the typology of social structures of society. A special place in the article is devoted to the levels of social structures, the study of theoretical concepts that constitute the foundation of methodological representations of the global social structure study. As methodological sources, the article uses works directly related to the concepts of global social structure and metastructure. The authors conduct a sociological analysis of the social system and social structure categories; identify the social structure levels according to the dialectics of individual, special and general cognition. The article discusses the possibilities of applying the main provisions of A. A. Bogdanov’s tectology as a method for sociological research of various modern social systems and structures types. The applicability of the globalization sociological apparatus within the framework of the sustainable development concept is considered. The study suggests that the global social structure should be considered in conjunction with new social formations, namely global social strata and institutions. However, but this requires further development of the conceptual and categorical apparatus.
本文考察了全球社会结构的范畴及其在现代社会科学的概念和范畴机构中的地位。这一范畴具有一定的新颖性,需要进一步的理论发展。作者从现代系统方法的视角,注意并描述了构成社会全球社会结构研究基础的概念,并思考了其在社会结构类型学中的意义。文章中有一个特别的地方专门用于社会结构的层次,研究构成全球社会结构研究方法论表征基础的理论概念。作为方法论来源,本文使用了与全球社会结构和元结构概念直接相关的作品。作者对社会制度和社会结构范畴进行了社会学分析;根据个体认识、特殊认识和普遍认识的辩证法,确定社会结构层次。本文探讨了将波格丹诺夫技术的主要规定作为一种方法应用于各种现代社会系统和结构类型的社会学研究的可能性。在可持续发展概念的框架内考虑全球化社会学机构的适用性。研究表明,全球社会结构应与新的社会形态,即全球社会阶层和制度结合起来考虑。然而,这需要进一步发展概念和范畴工具。
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引用次数: 0
Consumer Practice and Population Sentiment in Conditions of 2020–2022 Instability (regional aspect) 2020-2022年不稳定条件下的消费者行为与人口情绪(区域层面)
Pub Date : 2023-10-17 DOI: 10.21603/2500-3372-2023-8-3-366-377
Galina Belehova
Various crises are integral for social development. Primarily crises manifest themselves in income and consumption changes, which makes consumer behavior and population sentiment studies necessary in unstable socio-economic conditions. The purpose of the study is to analyze consumer practice and population sentiment trends in the Vologda Oblast during the socio-economic changes of 2020–2022. The author determines that consumer practices of the region’s population hardly change in quantitative and qualitative terms, consumer sentiments also appear stable. Population’s assessment of capability for large purchases, car and housing purchases, savings remains neutral. However, the persistency of neutral consumer practices and sentiments levels suggests that the residents of the region do not expect positive changes in the economic life of their family and the country in the near future.
各种危机是社会发展的组成部分。危机主要表现在收入和消费的变化,这使得在不稳定的社会经济条件下进行消费者行为和人口情绪研究成为必要。本研究的目的是分析2020-2022年社会经济变化期间沃洛格达州的消费者实践和人口情绪趋势。笔者认为,该地区人口的消费行为在数量和质量上几乎没有变化,消费者情绪也表现出稳定。人们对购买大件物品、购买汽车和住房、储蓄能力的评估保持中性。然而,持续保持中立的消费者行为和情绪水平表明,该地区的居民并不期望他们的家庭和国家的经济生活在不久的将来会发生积极的变化。
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引用次数: 0
Health Culture: Conceptualization and Prospects of Understanding in Medical Sociology and Anthropology 健康文化:医学社会学和人类学的概念和理解前景
Pub Date : 2023-10-17 DOI: 10.21603/2500-3372-2023-8-3-277-283
Konstantin Galkin
The study of health cultures and the factors influencing them is a relatively new field of knowledge, dedicated to researching the mutual influence of culture and health. The article is devoted to the concept of health culture and its modern understanding in anthropological and sociological research. The author considers the evolution of the health culture concept based on modern research and outlines the key topics of scientific works devoted to the study of health culture and the peculiarities of its understanding. The research shows that culture influences all stages of disease treatment and health maintenance, from the choice of language and behavioral patterns to understanding the uniqueness of the disease and diagnoses by the individual. The prospects of this concept are determined based on various aspects of its consideration. Currently there is no generally accepted definition of the health culture concept. Peoplel's individual characteristics and individual understanding of health in the context of different cultures and their differences are considered to be important aspects of the concept. At the same time, in anthropological and sociological studies, the very concept of culture, as fundamental and formative for health behavior is replaced by individual meanings of understanding one’s health.
健康文化及其影响因素的研究是一个相对较新的知识领域,致力于研究文化与健康的相互影响。本文探讨了健康文化的概念及其在人类学和社会学研究中的现代理解。作者在现代研究的基础上回顾了健康文化概念的演变,并概述了健康文化研究的科学著作的主要主题及其理解的特点。研究表明,文化影响着疾病治疗和健康维护的各个阶段,从语言和行为模式的选择到了解疾病的独特性和个体的诊断。这一概念的前景是根据对其考虑的各个方面确定的。目前对于健康文化的概念还没有一个公认的定义。人们在不同文化背景下的个人特征和个人对健康的理解及其差异被认为是这一概念的重要方面。与此同时,在人类学和社会学研究中,作为健康行为基础和形成因素的文化概念被理解个人健康的个人含义所取代。
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引用次数: 0
Internal Audit of Universities in Modern Conditions Based on the Agile Method Using Remote Technologies 基于远程技术敏捷方法的现代条件下高校内部审计
Pub Date : 2023-08-11 DOI: 10.21603/2500-3372-2023-8-2-208-216
M. Sokolovskaya, I. Loginova, R. Buyankina
The article is devoted to the application of agile audit during the pandemic using remote technologies. The purpose of the article is to apply new methodology to internal audit in an organization in the changing conditions caused by the pandemic period. The authors consider the concept and principles of conducting agile audit, functional relationships arising during the agile audit, and the possibility of using remote technologies. The agile method and remote technologies are used as an answer to the modern challenges of the pandemic. A mixed method of conducting internal audit using the agile methodology and remote technologies is proposed. Based on this methodology and experience in conducting internal audits, the authors develop a functional approach to the agile audit with elements of remote technologies as an option in changing conditions. The research has practical application in improving the processes and activities of organizations in the field of education.
本文专门讨论在疫情期间使用远程技术进行敏捷审计的应用。本文的目的是将新的方法应用于大流行时期变化条件下的组织内部审计。作者考虑了进行敏捷审计的概念和原则,敏捷审计过程中产生的功能关系,以及使用远程技术的可能性。敏捷方法和远程技术被用作应对这一流行病的现代挑战的办法。提出了一种利用敏捷方法和远程技术进行内部审计的混合方法。基于这种方法和进行内部审计的经验,作者开发了一种敏捷审计的功能方法,其中远程技术元素作为变化条件下的一种选择。本研究对改善教育领域组织的流程和活动具有实际应用价值。
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引用次数: 0
Project Activities in the Construction Industry: the Specifics of Competition and the Development Forecast 建筑业的项目活动:竞争的特点与发展预测
Pub Date : 2023-08-11 DOI: 10.21603/2500-3372-2023-8-2-189-196
E. Rodin
The purpose of the study is to analyze the construction industry processes under the influence of recent changes to identify the most competitive strategy and forecast further market development. The article might be of interest to the construction market players in the field of public procurement. Competition in the construction industry remains very high and intensifies over time, which is why many players are leaving the market. Among the main success factors in the market are revenue management, order portfolio, customer base, and high specialization. The author analyzes the competition in construction market project activities in the field of public procurement on the basis of the M. Porter’s 5 factors of competition. Based on a survey of industry experts, the main success factors in the market are identified. The success factors are new knowledge that can be used both to improve the work of current market participants and to help new players to enter the market.
该研究的目的是分析建筑业在最近变化的影响下的过程,以确定最具竞争力的战略,并预测进一步的市场发展。这篇文章可能会对公共采购领域的建筑市场参与者感兴趣。随着时间的推移,建筑行业的竞争仍然非常激烈,而且愈演愈烈,这就是许多参与者离开市场的原因。市场上的主要成功因素包括收益管理、订单组合、客户基础和高度专业化。本文以波特的5个竞争因素为基础,对公共采购领域建筑市场项目活动中的竞争进行了分析。根据对行业专家的调查,确定了市场上的主要成功因素。成功因素是新知识,既可以用来改善现有市场参与者的工作,也可以帮助新参与者进入市场。
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引用次数: 0
Preserving the Integrity of Organizations’ Quality Management System during Unification and Integration: Functional Approach 在统一和整合过程中保持组织质量管理体系的完整性:功能方法
Pub Date : 2023-08-11 DOI: 10.21603/2500-3372-2023-8-2-197-207
M. Sokolovskaya, E. Zamiralova
The article addresses the problems of preserving the integrity of quality management systems during integration of educational organizations into a single educational complex. The purpose of the article is to develop and test a functional approach of combining two educational organizations of different levels that preserves the integrity of existing quality management systems. The authors use methods of analysis, synthesis, generalization and comparison as well as system analysis, identification of cause-and-effect relationships, process and system approach, internal audits, self-assessment, expert assessment, ranking. The article considers the concept of integrity and related concepts. The authors propose a functional approach that uses several stages to maintain the integrity of quality management systems in compliance with all the rules for making changes to management systems and the principles of educational organizations integration. The approach is tested on a university and a college. The analysis identified the main categories of changes in organizations’ quality management system during integration and developed a synergetic model of the organization. The results can help improve the integrated quality management system in the future, not only in the field of education, but also in other areas of the economy.
本文讨论了在将教育组织整合为单一教育综合体期间保持质量管理体系完整性的问题。本文的目的是开发和测试一种结合两个不同层次的教育组织的功能方法,以保持现有质量管理体系的完整性。作者采用了分析、综合、概括、比较、系统分析、因果关系识别、过程与系统方法、内部审计、自我评价、专家评价、排序等方法。本文探讨了诚信的概念及其相关概念。作者提出了一种功能方法,该方法使用几个阶段来保持质量管理体系的完整性,并符合管理体系变更的所有规则和教育组织整合的原则。这种方法在一所大学和一所学院进行了测试。分析确定了组织在整合过程中质量管理体系变化的主要类别,并建立了组织的协同模型。研究结果可以帮助在未来改进综合质量管理体系,不仅在教育领域,而且在其他经济领域。
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引用次数: 0
Specifics of Entrepreneurial Activities in the Sub-Sanctioned Resource Economy of the Islamic Republic of Iran 伊朗伊斯兰共和国次制裁资源经济中企业活动的具体情况
Pub Date : 2023-08-11 DOI: 10.21603/2500-3372-2023-8-2-178-188
M. Leukhova, I. Korchagina
In the new conditions, it is necessary to rethink the concepts and models of various subsystems of the national economy’s activity, including small and medium-sized businesses, which makes study of the experience of the Islamic Republic of Iran as a resource country facing a high level of economic sanctions relevant. The aim of the article is to identify the features of the small and medium-sized enterprises’ activities of the Islamic Republic of Iran. The authors use methods of economic analysis, system-structural approach. The article establishes that the criterion for the classification of small and medium-sized enterprises is only the number of employees. Due to high inflation, the criteria of revenue and assets are not applied, industry affiliation is not taken into account. A significant proportion of small and medium-sized enterprises develop by replacing inaccessible goods and technologies, which leads to them having certain features. Firstly, small and medium-sized enterprises provide up to a third of the GDP of the Islamic Republic of Iran. At the same time, the falling behind of small and medium-sized enterprises in labor productivity is lower than in countries with mature market economies. Under the sanctions, a significant part of small and medium-sized enterprises of the Islamic Republic of Iran produce alternative imported products with high added value within the framework of small-scale production. However, the export potential of these products is limited. The specific ways of supporting small and medium-sized enterprises include the focus on the value chains creation (rather than the establishment of new enterprises) and the development of subcontract relations.
在新的条件下,有必要重新考虑国民经济活动的各个子系统的概念和模式,包括中小型企业,这使得研究伊朗伊斯兰共和国作为一个面临高度经济制裁的资源国家的经验具有现实意义。本文的目的是确定伊朗伊斯兰共和国中小企业活动的特点。作者运用了经济分析、系统结构分析等方法。本文确立了中小企业分类的标准仅仅是员工数量。由于高通货膨胀,收入和资产的标准不适用,行业从属关系不考虑在内。很大一部分中小企业是通过替代难以获得的商品和技术而发展起来的,这使得中小企业具有一定的特点。首先,中小型企业为伊朗伊斯兰共和国提供了高达三分之一的国内生产总值。同时,我国中小企业劳动生产率的落后程度低于成熟市场经济国家。在制裁下,伊朗伊斯兰共和国相当一部分中小型企业在小规模生产的框架内生产具有高附加值的替代进口产品。然而,这些产品的出口潜力有限。支持中小企业的具体方式包括注重价值链的创造(而不是建立新企业)和发展分包关系。
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引用次数: 0
Contemporary Economic Crises and their Impact on the Activities of Organizations 当代经济危机及其对组织活动的影响
Pub Date : 2023-08-11 DOI: 10.21603/2500-3372-2023-8-2-160-169
A. Beilina, N. Zinchenko, G. Nigmatullina, Svetlana Akhtemyanova
Economic crises affect modern organizations for different financial and epidemiological reasons. Sustainable development of the organization requires to a change the model of managerial decision-making. The purpose of the study is to identify the features of the crisis phenomena impact on the organization’s activities and to create a model of managerial decision-making that ensures adaptation to environmental challenges and sustainability of development. The authors use the analysis of open source content, systematization, tables; comparative, economic and morphological analysis. The authors analyze the impact of crises on the development of Russian organizations. The research shows that a crisis can have both negative and positive consequences for organizations. In order for an organization to benefit from the crisis, it is necessary to identify risks and weaknesses, assess emerging opportunities. A model of managerial decision-making in an organization under the conditions of the external uncertainty is proposed.
经济危机由于不同的财务和流行病学原因影响现代组织。组织的可持续发展需要改变管理决策模式。这项研究的目的是确定危机现象对组织活动的影响的特点,并建立一个管理决策模式,以确保适应环境挑战和可持续发展。作者采用开源内容分析、系统化、表格化;比较、经济和形态分析。作者分析了危机对俄罗斯组织发展的影响。研究表明,危机对组织既有负面影响,也有积极影响。为了使组织从危机中受益,有必要识别风险和弱点,评估新出现的机会。提出了一个外部不确定性条件下的组织管理决策模型。
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引用次数: 0
Housing Rights of Orphans: Problems of Legal Guarantees 孤儿住房权:法律保障问题
Pub Date : 2023-08-11 DOI: 10.21603/2500-3372-2023-8-2-121-130
K. Nikolaeva
The Russian Federation as a welfare state has to guarantee social protection for certain target groups, one of which is orphans. Housing rights of orphans are central in the complex of social rights, but the problem of inability to secure housing for orphans remains unresolved. The purpose of the study is to analyze how the housing rights of orphans are realized in the judicial practice, to identify the causes of violations of legislation and to develop recommendations for its improvement. The article uses a neoinstitutional approach that allows to analyze the practice of implementing housing rights of orphans and the problems faced by orphans in the implementation of their housing rights. The study identifies the most frequent violations of the housing rights of orphans, considers the court decisions, and formulates recommendations for improving the normative acts regulating the housing rights of orphans.
俄罗斯联邦作为一个福利国家,必须保证对某些目标群体的社会保护,其中之一就是孤儿。孤儿的住房权是社会权利综合体的核心,但孤儿无法获得住房的问题仍未得到解决。研究的目的是分析孤儿住房权在司法实践中的实现情况,找出立法违规的原因,并提出完善建议。本文运用新制度的视角,分析了孤儿住房权实施的实践以及孤儿在住房权实施中面临的问题。该研究确定了最常见的侵犯孤儿住房权的行为,考虑了法院的判决,并提出了改进规范孤儿住房权的规范性行为的建议。
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引用次数: 0
Modern Trends in Russian Fintech 俄罗斯金融科技的现代趋势
Pub Date : 2023-08-11 DOI: 10.21603/2500-3372-2023-8-2-170-177
O. Korobeynikova, Panova Natalya Panova, E. Shemet
Commitment of leading Russian and foreign companies to digital business models confirms that fintech is a driver for the digital economy and socio-economic development. Under growing exogenous uncertainties and  sanctions to the financial sector, assessing the current trends and prospects in fintech is of particular interest. The article uses statistical and analytical methods to evaluate the empirical data, gathered by the Federal State Statistics Service, the Bank of Russia, and different experts. Until 2022, the fintech market in Russia was the leader in attracting venture capital funding. The authors identified three waves of market shocks in the current development of the Russian fintech market. Fintech companies overcome each subsequent shock much faster than the previous one, which indicates a high inherent adaptability. The article highlights trends in business, fintech, information and communication technologies, typical for the modern Russian economy. Despite the high volatility of the current period, in terms of the fintech solutions development Russia remains competitive. The development of independent technologies and services by the IT and financial markets, preferentially regulated by the Bank of Russia, seems feasible and viable.
领先的俄罗斯和外国公司对数字商业模式的承诺证实了金融科技是数字经济和社会经济发展的驱动力。在越来越多的外部不确定性和对金融部门的制裁下,评估金融科技的当前趋势和前景尤为重要。本文使用统计和分析方法来评估由联邦国家统计局、俄罗斯银行和不同专家收集的经验数据。直到2022年,俄罗斯的金融科技市场一直是吸引风险投资资金的领头羊。作者确定了当前俄罗斯金融科技市场发展中的三波市场冲击。金融科技公司克服每一次冲击的速度都比前一次快得多,这表明它们具有很高的内在适应性。这篇文章强调了商业、金融科技、信息和通信技术的趋势,这是现代俄罗斯经济的典型特征。尽管当前时期波动很大,但就金融科技解决方案的发展而言,俄罗斯仍具有竞争力。由IT和金融市场开发独立的技术和服务,优先由俄罗斯银行监管,似乎是可行的。
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引用次数: 0
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