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Structure of the Supreme Authorities in the First Period of Russian Statehood 俄国建国初期最高权力机构的结构
Pub Date : 2023-08-11 DOI: 10.21603/2500-3372-2023-8-2-131-138
G. Solodova
Interest in political history and the supreme state power is growing due to the recognition of the state importance. The purpose of the article is to analyze the structure of the supreme authorities in the first period of Russian statehood. The research references studies of the early Slavic statehood. In the first period of Russian statehood, the supreme power incorporated contractual relations, joint rule, elements of politia and social self-organization. The structure of the supreme authorities was threefold. The combination of various elements of power provided legitimacy and manageability. The structure of the governing bodies included elements of collegial and sole power, representation, advisory institutions. The research of the past provides material for identifying historical patterns and their presence nowadays.
由于认识到国家的重要性,对政治史和最高国家权力的兴趣正在增长。本文的目的是分析俄罗斯建国初期最高权力机构的结构。本研究参考了早期斯拉夫国家的研究。在俄罗斯建国初期,最高权力融合了契约关系、共同统治、政治因素和社会自组织。最高权力机构的结构是三重的。各种权力因素的结合提供了合法性和可管理性。理事机构的结构包括合议制和单独权力、代表制、咨询机构等要素。对过去的研究为确定历史模式及其在当今的存在提供了材料。
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引用次数: 0
Digital Entrepreneurship in Russia: Development during the Pandemic 俄罗斯的数字创业:疫情期间的发展
Pub Date : 2023-08-11 DOI: 10.21603/2500-3372-2023-8-2-148-159
Aleksandr Abalakin, Andrey A. Yakovlev, Vera Akimenko, E. Denisova
Digitalization has become inevitable as the demand for digital services increases. The purpose of the article is to study the development dynamics of Russian digital segment during and after the pandemic and to predict the vector of its long-term development. The authors provide evidence of dualism: on one hand, the pandemic led to new restrictions in the development of entrepreneurial activity; on the other hand, the change in demand and the high adaptability of business structures made it possible to expand the digital segment of Russian small and medium-sized businesses. The authors use methods of systematization, comparison, economic analysis, graphical method and systematic approach. The development of the Russian digital entrepreneurship sector in the context of digitalization of internal business processes, consumer communication processes, and external relations is analyzed. The authors conclude that digital technologies have high potential for the development of Russian small and medium-sized businesses and provide recommendations on the implementation of state policy measures aimed at optimizing the development of digital entrepreneurship in Russia.
随着数字化服务需求的增加,数字化已成为必然。本文的目的是研究大流行期间和之后俄罗斯数字部分的发展动态,并预测其长期发展的载体。作者提供了二元论的证据:一方面,大流行对创业活动的发展造成了新的限制;另一方面,需求的变化和业务结构的高度适应性使俄罗斯中小型企业的数字部分得以扩大。作者采用了系统化、比较法、经济分析法、图解法和系统法等方法。在内部业务流程、消费者沟通流程和外部关系数字化的背景下,分析了俄罗斯数字创业部门的发展。作者得出结论,数字技术对俄罗斯中小企业的发展具有很大的潜力,并就实施旨在优化俄罗斯数字创业发展的国家政策措施提出了建议。
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引用次数: 0
Concept of the Integrated Digital Ecosystem Architecture of the Kemerovo Region Featuring Mechanism of Data Collection 基于数据收集机制的克麦罗沃地区综合数字生态系统架构概念
Pub Date : 2023-08-11 DOI: 10.21603/2500-3372-2023-8-2-238-248
V. Abramov, V. Andreev
The article proposes the integrated digital ecosystem concept for Kemerovo region with a mechanism for data collection and transformation. The concept meets the requirements for the creation of a data management center in the Kemerovo region. The requirements are specified in the Digital transformation strategy for economic sectors, social sphere and public administration of the Kemerovo region – Kuzbass. The authors analyze the strategy and list the characteristics of the current digital ecosystem of the region. The article reveals inconsistency in the interaction of state and municipal authorities with business structures and citizens of the region in the digital environment. The authors describe the expediency of applying the proposed concept in the Kemerovo region for a positive impact on the provision of social and economic benefits in the region. The effectiveness of digital ecosystems with data collection and transformation mechanisms is confirmed by examples of different countries. Thanks to the proposed concept, the requirements of legislation are met, the lack of consistency in the interaction of public authorities is resolved.
本文提出了克麦罗沃地区综合数字生态系统概念,并提出了数据收集和转换机制。该概念符合在克麦罗沃地区创建数据管理中心的要求。这些要求在克麦罗沃-库兹巴斯地区经济部门、社会领域和公共管理的数字化转型战略中明确规定。分析了该地区数字生态系统的发展策略,并列举了该地区当前数字生态系统的特点。文章揭示了在数字环境中,国家和市政当局与该地区的商业结构和公民之间的互动不一致。作者描述了在克麦罗沃地区应用拟议概念对该地区提供社会和经济效益产生积极影响的权宜之计。通过不同国家的实例验证了数字生态系统数据收集和转换机制的有效性。由于提出的概念,满足了立法的要求,解决了公共当局相互作用中缺乏一致性的问题。
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引用次数: 0
360-Degree Appraisal: Determining the Managerial Competencies Development Level of Masters and Senior Masters 360度评估:确定硕士和高级硕士的管理能力发展水平
Pub Date : 2023-08-11 DOI: 10.21603/2500-3372-2023-8-2-230-237
Adol'f Yurov
The article considers a theoretical approach to the evaluation of personnel competencies using the 360-degree appraisal. The subject of the study is managerial competencies, object – foremen and senior foremen of a large industrial enterprise in Kemerovo Region – Kuzbass. The study is necessary to determine the level of managerial competencies of a large industrial enterprise’s leaders to prepare a training program and recommendations for their development. The authors describe the key managerial competencies necessary for the foremen and senior foremen in the metallurgical production and compile a matrix of key competencies with a description of the main characteristics that foremen and a senior foremen should have as units of team management. The article presents the results of the study of the managerial competencies development of foremen and senior foremen using the 360-degree method according to the competency matrix. The authors propose a list of activities for the development of managerial competencies of the metallurgical production leaders.
本文考虑了一种运用360度评价方法来评价人员胜任力的理论方法。研究的题目是管理能力,对象是克麦罗沃地区库兹巴斯一家大型工业企业的工头和高级工头。研究是必要的,以确定一个大型工业企业的领导人的管理能力水平,以编制培训方案和建议,为他们的发展。作者描述了冶金生产中领班和高级领班所必需的关键管理能力,并编制了一个关键能力矩阵,其中描述了领班和高级领班作为团队管理单位应具有的主要特征。本文采用基于胜任力矩阵的360度分析方法,对工头和高级工头的管理胜任力发展进行了研究。作者提出了冶金生产领导者管理能力发展的一系列活动。
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引用次数: 0
The Genesis of Marketing in the Context of Strengthening its Role in Managing Employees 强化营销在员工管理中的作用:营销的起源
Pub Date : 2023-08-11 DOI: 10.21603/2500-3372-2023-8-2-217-229
Arkadiy Cherepanov, Galina Rehtina
The article presents an understanding of the essence of marketing, taking into account its increased role in the management of employees. The subject of the article is the concept of personnel management and the connection between personnel marketing, human resource marketing, and human capital marketing. The purpose of the article is to analyze the genesis of employees marketing and develop a definition of the human capital marketing concept. Methods of analysis of theoretical sources, systematization and generalization of previously published results are used. The article systemizes the employee marketing elements depending on the concept of personnel management. The author’s vision of the essence of human capital marketing is given. The perception of the organization’s management of people in the organization through the prism of human capital marketing builds an attitude towards employees as internal clients, sources of the company’s assets; candidates for vacant positions are viewered as potential consumers. The article is part of the research conducted by the authors over the past years.
本文介绍了对营销本质的理解,并考虑到其在员工管理中日益重要的作用。本文的主题是人事管理的概念以及人事营销、人力资源营销和人力资本营销之间的联系。本文的目的是分析员工营销的起源,并对人力资本营销的概念进行界定。采用了理论来源分析、系统化和一般化以前发表的结果的方法。本文从人事管理的概念出发,对员工营销要素进行了系统的梳理。本文对人力资本营销的本质进行了阐述。通过人力资本营销的棱镜来感知组织对组织中人员的管理,建立了一种将员工视为内部客户、公司资产来源的态度;空缺职位的候选人被视为潜在的消费者。这篇文章是作者在过去几年里进行的研究的一部分。
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引用次数: 0
Specifics of Digitalization in Russia and its Regions under Uncertainty 不确定条件下俄罗斯及其地区数字化的具体情况
Pub Date : 2023-08-11 DOI: 10.21603/2500-3372-2023-8-2-249-258
B. Hashir, I. Shvetsova, A. Usanov, S. Ponomarev
The purpose of the article is to reveal the specifics of digital development in Russia and its regions in the conditions of increasing uncertainty and to determine the directions of state policy that would ensure improvement in the economic system's stability. The authors use the analysis of theoretical literary sources, analysis and synthesis, systematization, comparative and economic analysis. Research identified three periods of uncertainty. Despite the positive dynamics of digitalization, in the period before the pandemic, the digital development of Russian regions was uneven. The uncertainty caused by the COVID-19 pandemic has led to the intensification of digital development, as well as launched new socio-economic transformations. The study revealed the tendency to increase expenditures on regions’ digitalization during the period of geopolitical tension and determined state policy directions for overcoming the negative impact of geopolitical uncertainty on economic systems. Financial and economic uncertainty has not become an obstacle to the development of a digital society. On the contrary, the expansion of digital infrastructure and social progress created conditions for its intensification.
本文的目的是揭示在不确定性增加的情况下俄罗斯及其地区数字发展的具体情况,并确定国家政策的方向,以确保改善经济体系的稳定性。作者运用了理论文献来源分析、分析综合、系统化、比较分析和经济分析等方法。研究确定了三个不确定时期。尽管数字化具有积极的动力,但在大流行之前的时期,俄罗斯各地区的数字化发展并不均衡。2019冠状病毒病大流行造成的不确定性加剧了数字发展,并引发了新的社会经济转型。研究揭示了地缘政治紧张时期增加地区数字化支出的趋势,并确定了克服地缘政治不确定性对经济系统负面影响的国家政策方向。金融和经济的不确定性并没有成为数字社会发展的障碍。相反,数字基础设施的扩大和社会进步为其加剧创造了条件。
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引用次数: 0
Development Trends of Private Investors’ Portfolio Investment Market in the Russian Federation 俄罗斯联邦私人投资者证券投资市场的发展趋势
Pub Date : 2023-08-11 DOI: 10.21603/2500-3372-2023-8-2-259-266
Anastasiya Trufanova, I. Kalacheva, A. Tihonova
Political and economic uncertainty affects the population’s capability to save and invest funds, partially determines their goals. The authors explore different aspects of modern investment. The purpose is to determine the trends of the portfolio investment market development in the Russian Federation to form a behavior model of a private investor in modern economic conditions. The researchers studied the portfolio investment market development in 2019–2021, identified the main reasons for the increased popularity of investment, examined some trends in the portfolio investment market, and studied the dynamics of the brokerage services clients’ number and the number of trust management accounts. The dynamics and causes of changes in the private investors’ individual investment accounts number and their structure are considered. The volume of exchange transactions carried out by professional participants in various markets has been studied, the impact of panic and certain periods of volatility on investor behavior has been determined. Research shows that the mass entry of private investors into the stock market is influenced by the marketing component of brokers’ activities in attracting new clients.
政治和经济的不确定性影响了人们储蓄和投资资金的能力,部分地决定了他们的目标。作者探讨了现代投资的不同方面。目的是确定俄罗斯联邦证券投资市场发展的趋势,形成现代经济条件下私人投资者的行为模型。研究人员研究了2019-2021年证券投资市场的发展,确定了投资热度上升的主要原因,考察了证券投资市场的一些趋势,并研究了经纪服务客户数量和信托管理账户数量的动态。考虑了私人投资者个人投资账户数量及其结构变化的动态和原因。研究了各种市场中专业参与者进行的交易所交易量,确定了恐慌和某些波动期对投资者行为的影响。研究表明,私人投资者大量进入股票市场受到经纪人吸引新客户活动中的营销成分的影响。
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引用次数: 0
Correlation Between the Phenomena of Market and Institutional Corruption in Modern Society: Political Analysis 现代社会市场现象与制度性腐败的关系:政治分析
Pub Date : 2023-08-11 DOI: 10.21603/2500-3372-2023-8-2-139-147
S. Chirun, S. Gladkikh
The article explores the possibility that the subjects of managerial decision-making have an objective need for the institutionalization of corruption. The authors consider the issues of integrating institutional corruption into the managerial and political-legal subsystems, which leads to multiple functional distortions in the system of state institutions in the interests of latent structures. The purpose of the article is a comparative analysis of the two main types of corruption in modern society. The authors use a neo-institutional methodological approach characterized by the principle of methodological individualism and a number of scientific methods. Although market corruption exerts a certain financial burden on business, it does not violate the principles of market competition. Institutional corruption may hypothetically not impose additional financial burden on business, but it introduces significant restrictions on the competitive environment itself. Progress in the fight against corruption is possible only if civil society interacts with state authorities and institutions, and the values of civic activism are actualized in the socio-political participation of citizens.
本文探讨了管理决策主体对腐败制度化有客观需要的可能性。作者考虑了将制度腐败纳入管理和政治-法律子系统的问题,这导致了国家机构系统中潜在结构的多重功能扭曲。本文的目的是对现代社会的两种主要腐败类型进行比较分析。作者采用了一种以方法论个人主义原则和若干科学方法为特征的新制度方法论。市场腐败虽然给企业带来了一定的经济负担,但并不违反市场竞争的原则。制度性腐败在理论上可能不会给企业带来额外的财务负担,但它对竞争环境本身带来了重大限制。只有公民社会与国家当局和机构互动,公民行动主义的价值观在公民的社会政治参与中得以实现,反腐败斗争才有可能取得进展。
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引用次数: 0
State Price Regulation and Competition Support in the Crisis Period: Sociological Aspects 危机时期的国家价格调控与竞争支持:社会学视角
Pub Date : 2023-04-04 DOI: 10.21603/2500-3372-2023-8-1-31-39
Mariya Baynova
The topic of the article is relevant due to the development of state price regulation during the crisis. Measures to curb price growth provoke discussion about the role of state regulation in the economy, the importance of competition for price reduction, and the essence of market economy. The purpose is to summarize the opinions of entrepreneurs about directions of price growth regulation in Russia. The objectives are to combine sociological data and expert’s opinions regarding government price regulation measures, analyze the results of the author’s survey of entrepreneurs, evaluate the results based on the review of scientific literature on the Russian competitive environment. The authors analyzed the results of sociological surveys and expert discussions, presented the results of author's survey. Entrepreneurs are ready to accept state price regulation due to high monopolization in the fuel and energy sector, agriculture, and retail trade. Entrepreneurs are also interested in reducing the tax burden and loan rates.
本文的选题与危机期间国家价格调控的发展息息相关。遏制价格上涨的措施引发了对国家调控在经济中的作用、竞争对降价的重要性以及市场经济本质的讨论。目的是总结企业家对俄罗斯价格增长调控方向的看法。其目的是结合社会学数据和专家对政府价格调控措施的意见,分析作者对企业家的调查结果,并基于对俄罗斯竞争环境的科学文献的回顾来评估结果。对社会学调查和专家讨论的结果进行了分析,提出了自己的调查结果。由于燃料和能源部门、农业和零售贸易的高度垄断,企业家准备接受国家价格管制。企业家也对降低税负和贷款利率感兴趣。
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引用次数: 0
Features of Territorial Administration System in Russian Federation: National Projects and Municipal Instruments 俄罗斯联邦地方管理制度的特点:国家项目和市政工具
Pub Date : 2023-04-04 DOI: 10.21603/2500-3372-2023-8-1-74-82
Evgeniy Konischev
The article analyses national projects as a key element of the Russian territorial administration system and reviews management tools of regional and municipal executive authorities. The object of research is a system of territorial management. The subject is the peculiarities of the program and municipal methods application in a territorial management system. The goal is to determine the nature of the territorial administration system transformations and the role of municipal instruments in it. The authors use methods of systematic historical and institutional analysis. After systemic transformations, national projects are adapting to new economic and political conditions. Municipal instruments are relevant measures that have not yet been applied at the federal level, or have been applied to a limited extent. Regional or municipal authorities independently develop measures to improve management processes, which can later be applied at the federal level. Often such initiatives are designed to promote government transparency, establish communication channels between the state and society, optimize the interdepartmental interaction, improve the state institutions' tools of information and data management, etc. The key disadvantage is differences in the results due to lack of a unified approach to their application.
本文分析了作为俄罗斯领土管理系统关键要素的国家项目,并审查了地区和市政行政当局的管理工具。本文的研究对象是一个地域管理系统。主题是规划的特点和市政方法在区域管理系统中的应用。目标是确定领土行政制度改革的性质和市政文书在其中的作用。作者采用了系统的历史分析和制度分析的方法。经过体制转型,国家项目正在适应新的经济和政治条件。市政文书是尚未在联邦一级实施或已在有限范围内实施的相关措施。区域或市政当局独立制定措施以改进管理程序,这些措施以后可在联邦一级应用。这些举措通常旨在提高政府透明度,建立国家与社会之间的沟通渠道,优化部门间互动,改进国家机构的信息和数据管理工具等。主要的缺点是由于缺乏统一的应用方法而导致的结果差异。
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引用次数: 0
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Vestnik Kemerovskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta
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