Infection Prevention in Practice最新文献

{"title":"‘The Law of Unintended Consequences’ – Staphylococcus aureus bloodstream infection complicating peripheral intravascular cannulation in an epilepsy monitoring unit","authors":"Niamh Reidy , Julian Larkin , Peter Widdess-Walsh , Karen Burns","doi":"10.1016/j.infpip.2024.100412","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.infpip.2024.100412","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":33492,"journal":{"name":"Infection Prevention in Practice","volume":"6 4","pages":"Article 100412"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142593456","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Successful control of an outbreak of Panton–Valentine leucocidin positive meticillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus in a National Burns Unit through early detection by whole genome sequencing","authors":"R. Traynor ,&nbsp;G.I. Brennan ,&nbsp;T. Hoban ,&nbsp;A.M. Dolan ,&nbsp;B. Boyle ,&nbsp;B. O’ Connell ,&nbsp;O. Shelley ,&nbsp;T.K. Teoh","doi":"10.1016/j.infpip.2024.100400","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.infpip.2024.100400","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We report an outbreak of PVL-producing MRSA in the Irish National Burns Unit in 2022 involving seven patients, two staff members and two positive environmental samples. This outbreak was successfully controlled using a range of measures including staff screening, environmental screening and enhanced cleaning. The use of real time whole genome sequencing (WGS) allowed for rapid identification of relatedness and for a rapid outbreak response. We share our successful approach to control this outbreak.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":33492,"journal":{"name":"Infection Prevention in Practice","volume":"6 4","pages":"Article 100400"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142434100","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Susceptibility patterns of Candida species collected from intensive care units in Portugal: a prospective study in 2020–2022","authors":"Teresa Nascimento ,&nbsp;João Inácio ,&nbsp;Daniela Guerreiro ,&nbsp;Priscila Diaz ,&nbsp;Patrícia Patrício ,&nbsp;Luís Proença ,&nbsp;Cristina Toscano ,&nbsp;Helena Barroso","doi":"10.1016/j.infpip.2024.100403","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.infpip.2024.100403","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>For <em>Candida</em> infections antifungal therapy is often empirical and mainly depends on locally antifungal surveillance data, which differs between geographic regions.</div></div><div><h3>Aims</h3><div>To monitor the epidemiology and antifungal susceptibility of <em>Candida</em> spp. from combined axillar-groin samples in intensive care unit (ICU) patients on admission (day1, D1), day 5 (D5) and day 8 (D8).</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>From 2020 to 2022, 675 patients from three ICUs were enrolled. <em>Candida</em> isolates were identified by MALDI-TOF MS and PCR. <em>In vitro</em> antifungals susceptibility tests (AFST) were performed for fluconazole, voriconazole, amphotericin B and anidulafungin, by concentration gradient Etest® strip technique.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Out of 988 swabs, 355 isolates were identified as <em>Candida</em> species from 232 patients, being 89 isolates retrieved from patients that remained colonised at D5 and D8. AFST was conducted for all <em>Candida</em> isolates. The overall rate of resistance to fluconazole was 2.7%, with 3 out of 133 <em>C. albicans</em>, 2 out of 89 <em>C. parapsilosis</em> and 2 out of 24 <em>C. glabrata</em> isolates identified as resistant. Voriconazole susceptibility was observed in 99.2% of the isolates, with only one <em>C. albicans</em> isolate identified as resistant to this triazole. All isolates were susceptible to amphotericin B and 98.5% to anidulafungin. Three <em>Candida</em> spp. exhibited resistance to anidulafungin, <em>C. albicans</em>, <em>C. tropicalis</em>, and <em>C. parapsilosis</em>.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>This study highlights the importance of <em>C. albicans</em> as a frequent coloniser and showed that antifungal resistance remains uncommon among <em>Candida</em> isolates from ICUs in Portugal. The results may contribute to better management within institutions to guide therapeutic decision making.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":33492,"journal":{"name":"Infection Prevention in Practice","volume":"6 4","pages":"Article 100403"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142422315","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Knowledge, attitudes and practices on prevention and control of high-consequence infectious diseases and critical care among intensive care personnel in Rwanda: a cross-sectional survey","authors":"L. Schneider ,&nbsp;M. Umutoni ,&nbsp;V. Ndagijimana ,&nbsp;M. Abdelrhman ,&nbsp;T. Cronen ,&nbsp;M. Nkeshimana ,&nbsp;P. Banguti ,&nbsp;C. Karamira ,&nbsp;E. Seruyange ,&nbsp;T. Piening ,&nbsp;A. Phuti ,&nbsp;T. Paerisch ,&nbsp;F. Mockenhaupt ,&nbsp;C. Mambo Muvunyi ,&nbsp;M. Gertler ,&nbsp;E. Rwagasore","doi":"10.1016/j.infpip.2024.100398","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.infpip.2024.100398","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>Intensive care personnel in countries prone to outbreaks of high-consequence infectious diseases (HCIDs), such as Ebola virus disease, stand at the forefront of caring for affected patients. This study describes the knowledge, attitudes and practices (KAP) of intensive care personnel in Rwanda on the management and infection prevention and control (IPC) of HCIDs.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A cross-sectional survey was carried out among staff working in the 4 operational intensive care units in September 2022. The self-administered questionnaire collected information on participants' background and their KAP on critical care (CC), HCIDs and IPC.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Of the 107 participants, 67 (62.6%) had less than 4 years' work experience in CC. 41 (38.3%) of them had attended trainings on IPC since 2020. In univariate analyses, a higher knowledge score was associated with being a physician, years of working in CC and differed by hospital. A large proportion perceived their knowledge on CC as good or very good (58.0%) and their everyday risk of acquiring an infection as at least high (48.6%). Overall, 72.9% reported compliance with hand hygiene measures. However, around a quarter of participants reported rarely or never avoiding recapping of needles or never or rarely taking additional precautions during aerosol-generating procedures.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Staff had a moderate knowledge base and might benefit from continuous learning on CC and HCIDs. The perception of high risk of infection at work stands in contrast with lack of compliance with basic IPC practices which should be reinforced to avoid preventable and potentially fatal infections.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":33492,"journal":{"name":"Infection Prevention in Practice","volume":"6 4","pages":"Article 100398"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142653446","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Antibiotic prophylaxis practice in gastrointestinal surgery in five hospitals in southern Benin","authors":"Dessièdé Ariane Fiogbe ,&nbsp;Angèle Modupè Dohou ,&nbsp;Carine Laurence Yehouenou ,&nbsp;Séverine Henrard ,&nbsp;Françoise Van Bambeke ,&nbsp;Francis Moïse Djidénou Dossou ,&nbsp;Olivia Dalleur","doi":"10.1016/j.infpip.2024.100405","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.infpip.2024.100405","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Benin's healthcare system is characterized by a lack of local guidelines for surgical antibiotic prophylaxis (SAP), which is essential to prevent surgical site infection.</div></div><div><h3>Aim</h3><div>To audit compliance for SAP practices in gastrointestinal surgery.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Data were prospectively collected from gastrointestinal surgery departments in five hospitals. Over a four month period, SAP was assessed using five conventional criteria (indication, choice of antibiotic, dosage, timing, and duration of administration) among patients admitted for Altemeier class 1 or 2 procedures. Three guidelines were used as reference: World Health Organization (WHO), American Society of Health-System Pharmacists (ASHP)and French Society of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine (SFAR).</div></div><div><h3>Findings</h3><div>Of 68 surgical interventions, overall compliance with WHO, ASHP, and SFAR was observed in zero (0.0%), one case (1.5%) and two cases (2.9%), respectively. Compliance with indication varied according to the guidelines: 65 (95.6%) were compliant with WHO and ASHP and 47 cases (69.11%) with SFAR. Among compliant cases, the antibiotics administered were rarely selected according to guidelines: WHO, 2 (2.9%) and ASHP, 2 (2.9%), and SFAR, 3 (4.4%). Drug dosage compliance varied from 20 (29.4%) (SFAR) to 49 (72.0%) (ASHP). Timings were respected in 47 (69.1%; WHO), 45 (66.2%; ASHP) and 9 cases (13.2%; SFAR). The number of cases compliant with antibiotic prophylaxis duration were 13 (19.1%; WHO), 17 (25.0%; ASHP) and 16 (23.5%; SFAR).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>The SAP compliance rate in gastrointestinal surgery based on the five conventional criteria was very low. SAP guidelines must be implemented appropriately for local bacteriological epidemiology.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":33492,"journal":{"name":"Infection Prevention in Practice","volume":"6 4","pages":"Article 100405"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142422318","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nosocomial meningitis diagnostic test characteristics: a systematic review","authors":"David Granton ,&nbsp;Joseph Brown ,&nbsp;Shannon M. Fernando ,&nbsp;Dipayan Chaudhuri ,&nbsp;Isaac I. Bogoch ,&nbsp;Christine Soong ,&nbsp;Marina Englesakis ,&nbsp;Bram Rochwerg ,&nbsp;Eddy Fan","doi":"10.1016/j.infpip.2024.100402","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.infpip.2024.100402","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>The incidence of nosocomial meningitis, and utility of lumbar puncture, is unclear in hospitalized patients without preceding neurosurgery or head trauma.</div></div><div><h3>Aim</h3><div>We planned for a systematic review and meta-analysis to evaluate accuracy of clinical features and diagnostic utility of lumbar puncture in nosocomial meningitis.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We searched MEDLINE, MEDLINE In-Process/ePubs, EMBASE, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, and Web of Science from inception until June 5, 2024. We included studies evaluating utility of clinical features, or lumbar puncture, to rule out nosocomial meningitis in patients without preceding neurosurgery or head trauma. We excluded studies examining community acquired meningitis, outbreaks, HIV positive individuals, and case reports. Outcomes included incidence, risk factors and diagnostic accuracy of clinical features for nosocomial meningitis, and lumbar puncture complications. Given few included studies and heterogeneity, we could only summarize incidence of nosocomial meningitis.</div></div><div><h3>Findings</h3><div>Of 13,302 citations, we reviewed 197 manuscripts and included 6. There were 23 of 333 (6.9%, very low certainty) positive lumbar punctures among individuals who underwent lumbar puncture to rule out nosocomial meningitis.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>There were insufficient data to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of lumbar puncture in nosocomial meningitis in patients without preceding neurosurgery or head trauma. Very low certainty evidence indicates the incidence of nosocomial meningitis is low in this population. Given complications and costs associated with lumbar puncture, future studies should evaluate its utility in nosocomial meningitis. In the meantime, it may be reasonable to reserve lumbar puncture to instances of high suspicion.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":33492,"journal":{"name":"Infection Prevention in Practice","volume":"6 4","pages":"Article 100402"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142422316","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Changes in entire acute bronchiolitis seasons before, during, and after the COVID-19 pandemic in Spain","authors":"Juan Manuel Rius-Peris ,&nbsp;María del Carmen Vicent Castelló ,&nbsp;Marta Pareja León ,&nbsp;Sara Pons Morales ,&nbsp;Ana Amat Madramany ,&nbsp;Jorge Pantoja-Martínez ,&nbsp;Raquel Gil Piquer ,&nbsp;Nuria Roda Martínez ,&nbsp;Alicia Coret Sinisterra ,&nbsp;Francisca Castillo Ochando ,&nbsp;Francisco Javier Caballero Mora ,&nbsp;María Teresa Moya Díaz-Pintado","doi":"10.1016/j.infpip.2024.100399","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.infpip.2024.100399","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Paediatric acute bronchiolitis normally occurs from October to April in the temperate northern hemisphere, peaking in January. Nonpharmacological measures to control the spread of COVID-19 resulted in a decrease in the number of cases of bronchiolitis during the 2020–21 season. The discontinuation of these measures created an uncertain scenario.</div></div><div><h3>Aim</h3><div>To describe the epidemiological evolution of acute bronchiolitis seasons and the changes in the demographics of the affected population before, during, and after the implementation of nonpharmacological interventions for COVID-19 in Spain.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>This was a multicentre and descriptive study. A total of 6,334 infants aged up to 12 months who were diagnosed with acute bronchiolitis were recruited from sixteen Spanish hospitals. We collected data from participants from September 1st, 2021, through August 31st, 2023, as part of the ECEALHBA research project. The study periods were before (P1), during (P2), and after (P3) the COVID-19 pandemic.</div></div><div><h3>Findings</h3><div>In P2 and after the discontinuation of nonpharmacological interventions, an unexpected increase in the number of acute bronchiolitis cases was observed from June–August 2021, resulting in an out-of-season peak. A subsequent peak was observed in November 2021, earlier than expected for the 2021-22 season. In the 2022-23 season, admissions followed a historical trend, with a greater number of cases than in the two previous seasons. Statistically significant differences in the length of stay (p&lt;0.001), number of RSV infections (p=0.021), and number of paediatric intensive care unit admissions (p&lt;0.001) were observed among the periods.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Two out-of-season peaks in the number of acute bronchiolitis cases were observed in 2020–2021 and 2021–2022. However, following the relaxation of nonpharmacological intervention measures, the peak observed in 2022–2023, although occurring 2–6 weeks earlier, was more similar to the peaks observed in the prepandemic seasons. Additionally, increased case severity was observed during these periods.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":33492,"journal":{"name":"Infection Prevention in Practice","volume":"6 4","pages":"Article 100399"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142422317","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Water, sanitation, hygiene, and waste management in primary healthcare facilities in war-torn Tigray, Ethiopia: implications for infection prevention and control","authors":"Akeza Awealom Asgedom,&nbsp;Gebru Hailu Redae","doi":"10.1016/j.infpip.2024.100397","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.infpip.2024.100397","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH) and infection prevention and control (IPC) are compromised during emergencies and in the post-conflict period. The IPC-WASH status of primary healthcare facilities in Tigray, Ethiopia, is not known. The aim of the study was to assess the IPC-WASH status of facilities in war-torn Tigray, Ethiopia.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>As part of a cross-sectional study, data were collected from January to February 2024 in 32 randomly selected primary healthcare facilities using an electronic Open Data Kit (ODK) based on a questionnaire. A descriptive analysis was conducted to describe the IPC-WASH services. The analyzed data were compared with the Joint Monitoring Program (JMP) service ladders and presented in texts, figures and tables.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Nearly seven out of ten primary healthcare facilities had improved water sources, nine out of ten had latrines with limited sanitation facilities, and four out of ten had handwashing facilities. Eight out of ten facilities had no access to personal protective equipment, and most facilities surveyed had very limited waste management services, IPC capacity building and IPC committee. According to JMP service ladders, almost one in four primary healthcare facilities had basic water supply, one in ten had basic sanitation, basic hygiene and basic waste disposal.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>The overall result of the study shows that access to IPC-WASH is low in primary healthcare facilities in war-torn Tigray, Ethiopia. Collaborative efforts to improve access to basic IPC-WASH facilities and IPC capacity building are essential to improve the quality of care.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":33492,"journal":{"name":"Infection Prevention in Practice","volume":"6 4","pages":"Article 100397"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142422544","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Determinants of transmission prevention behavior among Tuberculosis patients in Surabaya, Indonesia","authors":"Ni Njoman Juliasih ,&nbsp;Luluk Fadhoh Sakinah ,&nbsp;Reny Mareta Sari ,&nbsp;Hudi Winarso ,&nbsp;Salmon Charles P.T. Siahaan ,&nbsp;Erik Jaya Gunawan","doi":"10.1016/j.infpip.2024.100404","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.infpip.2024.100404","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Tuberculosis (TB) is associated with significant morbidity and mortality, causing significant health challenges globally. Meanwhile, Indonesia ranks second worldwide in terms of TB prevalence, with East Java being among the most affected provinces. Surabaya, in particular, a major city reported approximately 4.628 cases in 2021, underscoring the urgent need to prevent transmission through behavior of patients. Therefore, this study aimed to analyze determinants of transmission behavior among TB patients in Surabaya, Indonesia.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>The methodology used in this study was a cross-sectional design and the participants were 144 TB patients at three community health centers in Surabaya, selected using simple random sampling. Variables including knowledge level, supportive behavior, and medication adherence were analyzed and data collection was carried out using a structured questionnaire. Additionally, data analysis was performed with statistical methods to determine the significance of variables.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The results showed that knowledge (<em>P</em>-value = &lt;0.001), supportive behavior (<em>P</em>-value = 0.001), and medication adherence (<em>P</em>-value = 0.004) had a significant effect on transmission prevention behavior among TB patients.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Based on our results, it was concluded that higher knowledge level, supportive behavior, and medication adherence had a significant correlation with increased social support provided by patients in preventing and controlling TB transmission. Therefore, there is a need to implement targeted programs to enhance prevention behavior.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":33492,"journal":{"name":"Infection Prevention in Practice","volume":"6 4","pages":"Article 100404"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142422314","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"“Contribution of the Whole Genome Sequencing to surveillance programs of carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae (CPE) strains”","authors":"Natalia García Allende ,&nbsp;Verónica E. Álvarez ,&nbsp;Adrián Gonzales Machuca ,&nbsp;María Piekar ,&nbsp;Eduardo J. Carpio Diaz ,&nbsp;Carolina Molina ,&nbsp;Josefina Campos ,&nbsp;Bárbara Fox ,&nbsp;Nicolas Mendiondo ,&nbsp;Andrea P. Aguilar ,&nbsp;Liliana Fernández-Canigia ,&nbsp;María P. Quiroga ,&nbsp;Daniela Centrón","doi":"10.1016/j.infpip.2024.100401","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.infpip.2024.100401","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":33492,"journal":{"name":"Infection Prevention in Practice","volume":"6 4","pages":"Article 100401"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11513509/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142523259","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}