Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.5937/scriptamed53-40755
Duška Jović, B. Skela-Savič, Snežana Petrović-Tepić, D. Knezevic, Aleksandar Tepić, M. Burgic-Radmanovic, Daniela Dobrovoljski, Nataša Egeljić-Mihailović
Background/Aim: Unintentional injuries among children and adolescents have become a common issue in public healthcare. The study objective was to analyse the characteristics and identify predictors associated with unintentional injuries in children and adolescents treated in emergency medical services (EMS) in the Republic of Srpska, Bosnia and Herzegovina. Methods: A cross-section study with retrospective analysis of WebMedic e-database from 14 EMS, in the period between January 2018 and December 2020 was conducted. Research included patients with unintentional injuries, aged ≤ 19 years, of both sexes. For comparison between groups, Chi-squared and multivariate logistic regression were used in risk factor analysis. Results: A total of 1,856 cases were identified, most injuries resulted from falls (46.7 %) and traffic injuries (26.9 %). Boys were significantly more affected by injuries than girls (p < 0.001). Falls were the major cause for reporting to EMS among age groups of children (0-9 years) and adolescents (10-14 years), whereas injuries in traffic were dominant in adolescents aged 15 to 19. The most common injuries were head injuries (35.7 %). Risk factors of unintentional injuries were age (p < 0.001), sex (p = 0.046), weekday (p = 0.016), winter (p = 0.014), body region (head, abdomen, lower and upper limbs (p < 0.001), thorax (p = 0.009)). Conclusions: There were significant differences in characteristics of unintentional injuries according to age and sex. Chances for occurrence of unintentional injuries among children increased with their age, especially for boys. These differences might indicate areas where preventive measures should be undertaken.
{"title":"Unintentional injuries of children and adolescents treated in emergency medical services: A cross-sectional study","authors":"Duška Jović, B. Skela-Savič, Snežana Petrović-Tepić, D. Knezevic, Aleksandar Tepić, M. Burgic-Radmanovic, Daniela Dobrovoljski, Nataša Egeljić-Mihailović","doi":"10.5937/scriptamed53-40755","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5937/scriptamed53-40755","url":null,"abstract":"Background/Aim: Unintentional injuries among children and adolescents have become a common issue in public healthcare. The study objective was to analyse the characteristics and identify predictors associated with unintentional injuries in children and adolescents treated in emergency medical services (EMS) in the Republic of Srpska, Bosnia and Herzegovina. Methods: A cross-section study with retrospective analysis of WebMedic e-database from 14 EMS, in the period between January 2018 and December 2020 was conducted. Research included patients with unintentional injuries, aged ≤ 19 years, of both sexes. For comparison between groups, Chi-squared and multivariate logistic regression were used in risk factor analysis. Results: A total of 1,856 cases were identified, most injuries resulted from falls (46.7 %) and traffic injuries (26.9 %). Boys were significantly more affected by injuries than girls (p < 0.001). Falls were the major cause for reporting to EMS among age groups of children (0-9 years) and adolescents (10-14 years), whereas injuries in traffic were dominant in adolescents aged 15 to 19. The most common injuries were head injuries (35.7 %). Risk factors of unintentional injuries were age (p < 0.001), sex (p = 0.046), weekday (p = 0.016), winter (p = 0.014), body region (head, abdomen, lower and upper limbs (p < 0.001), thorax (p = 0.009)). Conclusions: There were significant differences in characteristics of unintentional injuries according to age and sex. Chances for occurrence of unintentional injuries among children increased with their age, especially for boys. These differences might indicate areas where preventive measures should be undertaken.","PeriodicalId":33497,"journal":{"name":"Scripta Medica","volume":"4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82272447","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.5937/scriptamed53-35620
Z. Todorović, S. Vučković, N. Divac
The School of Medicine at the University of Belgrade celebrates its centennial anniversary. The Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, founded in 1924, played an important role in the School's life and development. It is not just about the scientific achievements, but above all, the exceptional personalities of our predecessors. If they spent their academic careers somewhere else, they would certainly have been among the most respected researchers in the world. The courage to stay in the turbulent Balkans and maintain successful communication with colleagues from abroad deserves respect and admiration. One German and one Serb, professors Arnold Holste and Radivoje Pavlović, the latter with severely impaired sight, did an extraordinary job. They established a distinct pharmacological school, equipped research labs and provided their students with generous support despite the adverse circumstances (two world wars and persistent economic crisis, above all). Their younger associates, future professors Dimitrijević and Bogdanović, followed in the footsteps of their predecessors. Their example and sacrifice oblige us to keep pace with the extremely rapid development of pharmacology in the world.
{"title":"Pharmacology, from Rudolf Buchheim to Arnold Holste: The founding of the Institute of Pharmacology at the Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade","authors":"Z. Todorović, S. Vučković, N. Divac","doi":"10.5937/scriptamed53-35620","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5937/scriptamed53-35620","url":null,"abstract":"The School of Medicine at the University of Belgrade celebrates its centennial anniversary. The Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, founded in 1924, played an important role in the School's life and development. It is not just about the scientific achievements, but above all, the exceptional personalities of our predecessors. If they spent their academic careers somewhere else, they would certainly have been among the most respected researchers in the world. The courage to stay in the turbulent Balkans and maintain successful communication with colleagues from abroad deserves respect and admiration. One German and one Serb, professors Arnold Holste and Radivoje Pavlović, the latter with severely impaired sight, did an extraordinary job. They established a distinct pharmacological school, equipped research labs and provided their students with generous support despite the adverse circumstances (two world wars and persistent economic crisis, above all). Their younger associates, future professors Dimitrijević and Bogdanović, followed in the footsteps of their predecessors. Their example and sacrifice oblige us to keep pace with the extremely rapid development of pharmacology in the world.","PeriodicalId":33497,"journal":{"name":"Scripta Medica","volume":"54 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89749674","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.5937/scriptamed53-36279
N. Banjac, Ilija Ramić, S. Đokić, Tijana Pejić, Igor Korać, Đorđe Stojisavljević, N. Todorović
Background / Aim: COVID-19 is acute virus disease caused by the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). It was proclaimed as pandemic starting from March 2020 and is still ongoing. COVID-19 pandemic forced all segments of the society, particularly the health sector, to function in changed and aggravating circumstances and because of the transmission and new strains of the virus it resulted in the change of the number of infected people with peaks and oscillations. Aim of this study was to make analysis of the data related to COVID-19 positive/suspect patients examined in the Primary Healthcare Centre Banja Luka in the period 15 March 2020 - 15 March 2021, which refers to the incidence of the infected persons, sex and age representation, laboratory diagnostics and clinical parameters, applied therapy, as well as the number of patients sent for the hospital treatment. Methods: Data for the analysis were obtained by the retrospective analysis of the statistical data from the electronic medical record of the examined COVID-19 positive/suspect patients in the Outpatient Clinic for Acute Respiratory Infections (ARI) and in the field. Pearson's ch2 test of contingency was used for the comparison of differences of the observed characteristics of the examined groups. Results: Personnel of the Emergency Department (ED) of the Primary Healthcare Centre Banja Luka, in the period 15 March 2020 - 15 March 2021, examined the total of 3,937 COVID-19 positive patients and patients suspect of COVID-19. Out of that number, 3,601 patients were examined in the ED - ARI and 336 patients were examined in the field. The biggest number of patients was registered in November 2020 (768). Male sex prevailed (55.50 %) and patients of 20-50 years of age were most represented. There were 3.10 % of those highly febrile patients and 2.5 % of those with low SpO2 of under 90 %. 14.90 % of patients had higher values of troponin T and 45.50 % of them had higher values of D-dimer. In the field, 69.60 % of patients had pathological changes on lungs and 33.30 % had pathological ECG report. The number of patients sent from the ARI for further diagnostic procedure or hospitalisation to the Clinic for Infectious Diseases of the University Clinical Centre of Banja Luka was 1,191 and 258 patients were sent from the field. Conclusion: For the purpose of preventing the spread of epidemics, the ED reorganised the existing space by introducing temporary clinics - containers for the patients with acute respiratory infections and febrile status, COVID-19 suspects. Clinical parameters changed depending on the new virus strains, as well as on age distribution and infection complications.
{"title":"COVID-19 in the Emergency Department of the Primary Healthcare Centre Banja Luka","authors":"N. Banjac, Ilija Ramić, S. Đokić, Tijana Pejić, Igor Korać, Đorđe Stojisavljević, N. Todorović","doi":"10.5937/scriptamed53-36279","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5937/scriptamed53-36279","url":null,"abstract":"Background / Aim: COVID-19 is acute virus disease caused by the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). It was proclaimed as pandemic starting from March 2020 and is still ongoing. COVID-19 pandemic forced all segments of the society, particularly the health sector, to function in changed and aggravating circumstances and because of the transmission and new strains of the virus it resulted in the change of the number of infected people with peaks and oscillations. Aim of this study was to make analysis of the data related to COVID-19 positive/suspect patients examined in the Primary Healthcare Centre Banja Luka in the period 15 March 2020 - 15 March 2021, which refers to the incidence of the infected persons, sex and age representation, laboratory diagnostics and clinical parameters, applied therapy, as well as the number of patients sent for the hospital treatment. Methods: Data for the analysis were obtained by the retrospective analysis of the statistical data from the electronic medical record of the examined COVID-19 positive/suspect patients in the Outpatient Clinic for Acute Respiratory Infections (ARI) and in the field. Pearson's ch2 test of contingency was used for the comparison of differences of the observed characteristics of the examined groups. Results: Personnel of the Emergency Department (ED) of the Primary Healthcare Centre Banja Luka, in the period 15 March 2020 - 15 March 2021, examined the total of 3,937 COVID-19 positive patients and patients suspect of COVID-19. Out of that number, 3,601 patients were examined in the ED - ARI and 336 patients were examined in the field. The biggest number of patients was registered in November 2020 (768). Male sex prevailed (55.50 %) and patients of 20-50 years of age were most represented. There were 3.10 % of those highly febrile patients and 2.5 % of those with low SpO2 of under 90 %. 14.90 % of patients had higher values of troponin T and 45.50 % of them had higher values of D-dimer. In the field, 69.60 % of patients had pathological changes on lungs and 33.30 % had pathological ECG report. The number of patients sent from the ARI for further diagnostic procedure or hospitalisation to the Clinic for Infectious Diseases of the University Clinical Centre of Banja Luka was 1,191 and 258 patients were sent from the field. Conclusion: For the purpose of preventing the spread of epidemics, the ED reorganised the existing space by introducing temporary clinics - containers for the patients with acute respiratory infections and febrile status, COVID-19 suspects. Clinical parameters changed depending on the new virus strains, as well as on age distribution and infection complications.","PeriodicalId":33497,"journal":{"name":"Scripta Medica","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91210023","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.5937/scriptamed53-38283
G. Vujanić, S. Đuričić
Renal tumours of childhood are rare, although they are one of the most common solid tumours in children. They include numerous entities, which have different clinical, histological, molecular biological and prognostic features, so their precise diagnosis and staging are critical for appropriate treatment. The most common is Wilms' tumour (WT) with ~80-85 % of all cases, whereas other entities including mesoblastic nephroma, clear cell sarcoma, rhabdoid tumour, renal cell carcinoma, metanephric tumours and others are very rare (2-4 % each) which explains why they represent a big diagnostic challenge for diagnostic pathologists. They are subclassified into three risk groups - low, intermediate and high - which have different treatments and prognosis. There are two big study groups which have different approaches but remarkable similar outcomes. The International Society of Paediatric Oncology approach (followed in most of the world) is based on preoperative chemotherapy, followed by surgery and further therapy, whereas the Children's Oncology Group approach (followed mainly in the United States and Canada) is based on primary surgery, followed by postoperative treatment.
{"title":"Renal tumours of childhood: A review","authors":"G. Vujanić, S. Đuričić","doi":"10.5937/scriptamed53-38283","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5937/scriptamed53-38283","url":null,"abstract":"Renal tumours of childhood are rare, although they are one of the most common solid tumours in children. They include numerous entities, which have different clinical, histological, molecular biological and prognostic features, so their precise diagnosis and staging are critical for appropriate treatment. The most common is Wilms' tumour (WT) with ~80-85 % of all cases, whereas other entities including mesoblastic nephroma, clear cell sarcoma, rhabdoid tumour, renal cell carcinoma, metanephric tumours and others are very rare (2-4 % each) which explains why they represent a big diagnostic challenge for diagnostic pathologists. They are subclassified into three risk groups - low, intermediate and high - which have different treatments and prognosis. There are two big study groups which have different approaches but remarkable similar outcomes. The International Society of Paediatric Oncology approach (followed in most of the world) is based on preoperative chemotherapy, followed by surgery and further therapy, whereas the Children's Oncology Group approach (followed mainly in the United States and Canada) is based on primary surgery, followed by postoperative treatment.","PeriodicalId":33497,"journal":{"name":"Scripta Medica","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84682786","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.5937/scriptamed53-40112
Dragana Đurić, Nina Gatarić, D. Todorović, S. Stanković, Dragana Dragičević-Cvjetković, M. Stojiljković, R. Škrbić, S. Vučković
Background/Aim: Hypomagnesaemia is one of the most detected electrolyte abnormalities in diabetics. Modulation of numerous cardiovascular pathophysiological processes is a potential goal for anti-diabetic therapy. Magnesium supplementation prevents subclinical tissue magnesium deficiency, thus delaying the onset of metabolic imbalance in diabetes, but long-term effects of magnesium supplementation in chronic diabetes and numerous pathophysiological processes remain unknown. Aim of this study was to determine the effects of subchronic intake of magnesium hydrocarbonate-rich mineral water on cardiometabolic markers and electrolytes in rats with streptozotocin-induced diabetes. Methods: A total of 28 Wistar, male rats, body weight 160 g at start, were divided into four groups of 7 each: two controls, group that drank tap water and received a single ip injection of saline (0.9 % NaCl) (TW-C), group that drank mineral water rich in magnesium hydrocarbonate and received a single ip injection of saline (0.9 % NaCl) (MW-C); and two experimental groups with streptozotocin-induced diabetes, group that drank tap water and received a single ip injection of streptozotocin (100 mg/kg) in saline (0.9 % NaCl, 1 mL) (TW-DM), group that drank mineral water rich in magnesium hydrocarbonate and received a single ip injection of streptozotocin (100 mg/kg) in saline (0.9 % NaCl, 1 mL) (MW-DM). Results: Regarding the biochemical parameters, a decrease was observed in the MW-C group for vitamin B12 and proteins, while triglycerides were higher compared to the TW-C group. By comparing the haemostatic biomarkers between TW-C and MW-C groups, a statistically significant decrease was found for fibrinogen, while the electrolyte analysis showed an increase in phosphates for the MW-C group. Biochemical value comparison between TW-DM and MWDM groups showed that magnesium hydrocarbonate usage in diabetic rats did not significantly reduce glycaemia although the average glycaemic values were lower in the group treated with magnesium hydrocarbonate. Regarding the electrolyte values, a statistically significant decrease was observed for sodium, potassium and phosphate in the MW-DM group. The MW-DM group also showed a significant increase in iron value compared to TW-DM group. Conclusion: Subchronic intake of magnesium hydrocarbonate-rich mineral water, as a form of magnesium supplementation, did not cause a significant improvement in glycaemia or normalisation of diabetes-induced dyslipidaemia. This study showed the reduction of fibrinogen value, thus indicating the possibility of usage of this form of magnesium supplementation in different pro-thrombogenic conditions.
{"title":"The effects of subchronic intake of magnesium hydro-carbonate-rich mineral water on cardiometabolic markers and electrolytes in rats with streptozotocin-induced diabetes","authors":"Dragana Đurić, Nina Gatarić, D. Todorović, S. Stanković, Dragana Dragičević-Cvjetković, M. Stojiljković, R. Škrbić, S. Vučković","doi":"10.5937/scriptamed53-40112","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5937/scriptamed53-40112","url":null,"abstract":"Background/Aim: Hypomagnesaemia is one of the most detected electrolyte abnormalities in diabetics. Modulation of numerous cardiovascular pathophysiological processes is a potential goal for anti-diabetic therapy. Magnesium supplementation prevents subclinical tissue magnesium deficiency, thus delaying the onset of metabolic imbalance in diabetes, but long-term effects of magnesium supplementation in chronic diabetes and numerous pathophysiological processes remain unknown. Aim of this study was to determine the effects of subchronic intake of magnesium hydrocarbonate-rich mineral water on cardiometabolic markers and electrolytes in rats with streptozotocin-induced diabetes. Methods: A total of 28 Wistar, male rats, body weight 160 g at start, were divided into four groups of 7 each: two controls, group that drank tap water and received a single ip injection of saline (0.9 % NaCl) (TW-C), group that drank mineral water rich in magnesium hydrocarbonate and received a single ip injection of saline (0.9 % NaCl) (MW-C); and two experimental groups with streptozotocin-induced diabetes, group that drank tap water and received a single ip injection of streptozotocin (100 mg/kg) in saline (0.9 % NaCl, 1 mL) (TW-DM), group that drank mineral water rich in magnesium hydrocarbonate and received a single ip injection of streptozotocin (100 mg/kg) in saline (0.9 % NaCl, 1 mL) (MW-DM). Results: Regarding the biochemical parameters, a decrease was observed in the MW-C group for vitamin B12 and proteins, while triglycerides were higher compared to the TW-C group. By comparing the haemostatic biomarkers between TW-C and MW-C groups, a statistically significant decrease was found for fibrinogen, while the electrolyte analysis showed an increase in phosphates for the MW-C group. Biochemical value comparison between TW-DM and MWDM groups showed that magnesium hydrocarbonate usage in diabetic rats did not significantly reduce glycaemia although the average glycaemic values were lower in the group treated with magnesium hydrocarbonate. Regarding the electrolyte values, a statistically significant decrease was observed for sodium, potassium and phosphate in the MW-DM group. The MW-DM group also showed a significant increase in iron value compared to TW-DM group. Conclusion: Subchronic intake of magnesium hydrocarbonate-rich mineral water, as a form of magnesium supplementation, did not cause a significant improvement in glycaemia or normalisation of diabetes-induced dyslipidaemia. This study showed the reduction of fibrinogen value, thus indicating the possibility of usage of this form of magnesium supplementation in different pro-thrombogenic conditions.","PeriodicalId":33497,"journal":{"name":"Scripta Medica","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82346271","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.5937/scriptamed53-36527
P. Tappia, V. Elimban, N. Dhalla
Norepinephrine (NE) is known to mediate cardiomyocyte hypertrophy through the G protein coupled a1 -adrenoceptor (a1 -AR) and the activation of the phosphoinositide-specific phospholipase C (PLC). Since the by-products of PLC activity are important downstream signal transducers for cardiac hypertrophy, the role of and the regulatory mechanisms involved in the activation of PLC isozymes in cardiac hypertrophy are highlighted in this review. The discussion is focused to underscore PLC in different experimental models of cardiac hypertrophy, as well as in isolated adult and neonatal cardiomyocytes treated with NE. Particular emphasis is laid concerning the a1 -AR-PLC-mediated hypertrophic signalling pathway. From the information provided, it is evident that the specific activation of PLC isozymes is a primary signalling event in the a1 -AR mediated response to NE as well as initiation and progression of cardiac hypertrophy. Furthermore, the possibility of PLC involvement in the perpetuation of cardiac hypertrophy is also described. It is suggested that specific PLC isozymes may serve as viable targets for the prevention of cardiac hypertrophy in patient population at-risk for the development of heart failure.
已知去甲肾上腺素(NE)通过G蛋白偶联a1 -肾上腺素受体(a1 -AR)和磷酸化肌醇特异性磷脂酶C (PLC)的激活介导心肌细胞肥大。由于PLC活性的副产物是心脏肥厚的重要下游信号转导，因此本文重点介绍了PLC同工酶激活在心脏肥厚中的作用和调控机制。讨论的重点是强调PLC在不同的心脏肥大实验模型中，以及在用NE处理的分离的成人和新生儿心肌细胞中。特别强调的是关于a1 - ar - plc介导的肥厚信号通路。从所提供的信息来看，很明显，PLC同工酶的特异性激活是a1 -AR介导的NE反应以及心肌肥厚的开始和进展中的主要信号事件。此外，还描述了PLC参与心脏肥厚持续存在的可能性。这表明，特定的PLC同工酶可能作为预防心力衰竭高危患者人群心脏肥厚的可行靶点。
{"title":"Involvement of phospholipase C in the norepinephrine-induced hypertrophic response in Cardiomyocytes","authors":"P. Tappia, V. Elimban, N. Dhalla","doi":"10.5937/scriptamed53-36527","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5937/scriptamed53-36527","url":null,"abstract":"Norepinephrine (NE) is known to mediate cardiomyocyte hypertrophy through the G protein coupled a1 -adrenoceptor (a1 -AR) and the activation of the phosphoinositide-specific phospholipase C (PLC). Since the by-products of PLC activity are important downstream signal transducers for cardiac hypertrophy, the role of and the regulatory mechanisms involved in the activation of PLC isozymes in cardiac hypertrophy are highlighted in this review. The discussion is focused to underscore PLC in different experimental models of cardiac hypertrophy, as well as in isolated adult and neonatal cardiomyocytes treated with NE. Particular emphasis is laid concerning the a1 -AR-PLC-mediated hypertrophic signalling pathway. From the information provided, it is evident that the specific activation of PLC isozymes is a primary signalling event in the a1 -AR mediated response to NE as well as initiation and progression of cardiac hypertrophy. Furthermore, the possibility of PLC involvement in the perpetuation of cardiac hypertrophy is also described. It is suggested that specific PLC isozymes may serve as viable targets for the prevention of cardiac hypertrophy in patient population at-risk for the development of heart failure.","PeriodicalId":33497,"journal":{"name":"Scripta Medica","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91368003","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.5937/scriptamed53-41859
Dragana Dragičević-Cvjetković, Tatjana Erceg-Rukavina, Ž. Jovičić
Background/Aim: Muscle strength and endurance recovery of the quadriceps after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction is necessary for normal knee function. In addition to the use of the isokinetic dynamometer for diagnostic purposes, its possible therapeutic effect is also important, ie targeted correction of the measured muscle deficit. This work was aimed to examine the level of quadriceps strength and endurance recovery 6 months after the anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction in patients who performed isokinetic training and to determine whether it is a superior therapeutic intervention compared to isodynamic training. Methods: A total of 70 patients of both sexes were monitored in a prospective clinical study. Three months postoperatively, all patients had quadriceps torque measured to body weight on an isokinetic dynamometer at angular speeds of 60 and 180 °/s. Patients were divided into two groups according to the type of applied rehabilitation protocol. Group A patients (n = 35) underwent a rehabilitation program 5 times a week using an individual kinesitherapy program (isometric and isotonic exercises for quadriceps and hamstrings) and neuromuscular electrostimulation of the quadriceps. In addition patients from group B (n = 35) were included in targeted isokinetic exercises for the quadriceps. Control isokinetic testing was performed 6 months after surgery. The comparison of the effect of the applied therapeutic procedures in groups A and B was performed with the Student t-test (p < 0.05). Results: An average age of patients was 27.29 ± 5.94 years. In patients in group B, statistically significantly higher values of the peak torque to body weight were measured at angular velocities of 60 and 180 °/s for the quadriceps of the operated knee 6 months after reconstruction of the anterior cruciate ligament with hamstring tendons (p < 0.05). Conclusion: Isokinetic training achieved significantly better quadriceps strength and endurance in patients 6 months after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction with hamstring tendons compared to dynamic exercises.
{"title":"Isokinetic exercises in quadriceps strength and endurance recovery after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction","authors":"Dragana Dragičević-Cvjetković, Tatjana Erceg-Rukavina, Ž. Jovičić","doi":"10.5937/scriptamed53-41859","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5937/scriptamed53-41859","url":null,"abstract":"Background/Aim: Muscle strength and endurance recovery of the quadriceps after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction is necessary for normal knee function. In addition to the use of the isokinetic dynamometer for diagnostic purposes, its possible therapeutic effect is also important, ie targeted correction of the measured muscle deficit. This work was aimed to examine the level of quadriceps strength and endurance recovery 6 months after the anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction in patients who performed isokinetic training and to determine whether it is a superior therapeutic intervention compared to isodynamic training. Methods: A total of 70 patients of both sexes were monitored in a prospective clinical study. Three months postoperatively, all patients had quadriceps torque measured to body weight on an isokinetic dynamometer at angular speeds of 60 and 180 °/s. Patients were divided into two groups according to the type of applied rehabilitation protocol. Group A patients (n = 35) underwent a rehabilitation program 5 times a week using an individual kinesitherapy program (isometric and isotonic exercises for quadriceps and hamstrings) and neuromuscular electrostimulation of the quadriceps. In addition patients from group B (n = 35) were included in targeted isokinetic exercises for the quadriceps. Control isokinetic testing was performed 6 months after surgery. The comparison of the effect of the applied therapeutic procedures in groups A and B was performed with the Student t-test (p < 0.05). Results: An average age of patients was 27.29 ± 5.94 years. In patients in group B, statistically significantly higher values of the peak torque to body weight were measured at angular velocities of 60 and 180 °/s for the quadriceps of the operated knee 6 months after reconstruction of the anterior cruciate ligament with hamstring tendons (p < 0.05). Conclusion: Isokinetic training achieved significantly better quadriceps strength and endurance in patients 6 months after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction with hamstring tendons compared to dynamic exercises.","PeriodicalId":33497,"journal":{"name":"Scripta Medica","volume":"69 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90905494","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.5937/scriptamed53-37268
Dajana Marjanović, J. Miljković, B. Stanetic
Background / Aim: The concentration of N-terminal brain natrium peptides (NT-proBNP) is an important marker within the diagnostic and prognostic analysis of patients with chronic heart failure. In patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction, natriuretic peptides are dominant predictors of death, heart failure and additional myocardial infarctions. The aim of this study was to correlate prognostic markers of heart failure following acute myocardial infarction. Methods: 193 patients with myocardial infarction were divided into two groups: 69 patients with NT-proBNP ≤ 1000 pg/mL and 124 patients with NT-proBNP > 1000 pg/mL. During the hospitalisation, laboratory data, clinical data and information on previous medications were collected. Echocardiography was used to identify left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF). All statistical analysis were done in SPSS, version 23. Results: The group with elevated NT-proBNP (> 1000 pg/mL) was older (p < 0.001) and suffered more often of arterial hypertension (p = 0.04) and atrial fibrillation (p = 0.003). Heart rate was higher and LVEF was lower in patients with elevated NT-proBNP values (p < 0.001). Mean LVEF in the 193 patients was 46.86 %. In both linear and binary logistic regression analysis multiple predictors of elevated NT-proBNP have been identified. Conclusion: Increased ranges of NT-proBNP in patients following acute myocardial infarction are in correlation with decreased LVEF, elevated high-sensitive troponin I, lactate dehydrogenase, urea, creatinine, C-reactive peptides. This may guide clinicians to assess and treat early stages of heart failure.
{"title":"Assessment of prognostic markers of heart failure following acute myocardial infarction in patients treated with primary percutaneous coronary intervention","authors":"Dajana Marjanović, J. Miljković, B. Stanetic","doi":"10.5937/scriptamed53-37268","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5937/scriptamed53-37268","url":null,"abstract":"Background / Aim: The concentration of N-terminal brain natrium peptides (NT-proBNP) is an important marker within the diagnostic and prognostic analysis of patients with chronic heart failure. In patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction, natriuretic peptides are dominant predictors of death, heart failure and additional myocardial infarctions. The aim of this study was to correlate prognostic markers of heart failure following acute myocardial infarction. Methods: 193 patients with myocardial infarction were divided into two groups: 69 patients with NT-proBNP ≤ 1000 pg/mL and 124 patients with NT-proBNP > 1000 pg/mL. During the hospitalisation, laboratory data, clinical data and information on previous medications were collected. Echocardiography was used to identify left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF). All statistical analysis were done in SPSS, version 23. Results: The group with elevated NT-proBNP (> 1000 pg/mL) was older (p < 0.001) and suffered more often of arterial hypertension (p = 0.04) and atrial fibrillation (p = 0.003). Heart rate was higher and LVEF was lower in patients with elevated NT-proBNP values (p < 0.001). Mean LVEF in the 193 patients was 46.86 %. In both linear and binary logistic regression analysis multiple predictors of elevated NT-proBNP have been identified. Conclusion: Increased ranges of NT-proBNP in patients following acute myocardial infarction are in correlation with decreased LVEF, elevated high-sensitive troponin I, lactate dehydrogenase, urea, creatinine, C-reactive peptides. This may guide clinicians to assess and treat early stages of heart failure.","PeriodicalId":33497,"journal":{"name":"Scripta Medica","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84208689","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.5937/scriptamed53-36101
R. Igić
Let me explain the principle of bioassay. It is an analytical method for determination of the relative strength (concentration or potency) of a substance by comparing its effect on a test organism (living animal, cells or tissues) with that of a standard preparation. Bioassays are used in pharmacology mainly to determine the concentrations of hormones or drugs, eg biologically active peptides, acetylcholine, catecholamines, prostaglandins, histamine and prostacyclin. However, there are other forms of bioassay in which one can use isolated tissues and determine actions of their nerves, such as the nerve to the diaphragm from rats. Bioassays may also be done in vivo in individual humans. The assessment of drug effects in humans is designated by clinical pharmacologists as a clinical trial. Such trials often require hundreds or sometimes thousands of patients in order to test efficacy and safety of any new drug before it can be marketed. If the human investigations produce unexpected results, quite different of those obtained in the animal experiments the trials must be redesigned, to examine why and how this occurred. There are many examples of how such discoveries resulted in new clinically useful medications (eg, discovery antihypertensive effect of beta-adrenergic blocking agents).6 Accordingly, the pharmacologists have the bioassays, as a tool, which help them in the discovery process. I wrote on the renowned pharmacologist Professor Ervin G Erdös and his scientific opus in my reminiscence article written on the occasion of his death in 2019.1 When I attended the Fourth International Congress in Pharmacology in Basel in 1969, Dr Ervin G Erdös invited me to join his laboratory. Thus, in April 1970, I arrived in Oklahoma City as a Fulbright Fellow to work with him for two years. Later on, as a visiting scientist I frequently worked in his research laboratories in Dallas and Chicago and we shared research interests through visits across the Atlantic between the former Yugoslavia and the United States.2, 3
{"title":"Technical innovation of Ervin G Erdös: A mechanical transducer for isotonic muscle contractions","authors":"R. Igić","doi":"10.5937/scriptamed53-36101","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5937/scriptamed53-36101","url":null,"abstract":"Let me explain the principle of bioassay. It is an analytical method for determination of the relative strength (concentration or potency) of a substance by comparing its effect on a test organism (living animal, cells or tissues) with that of a standard preparation. Bioassays are used in pharmacology mainly to determine the concentrations of hormones or drugs, eg biologically active peptides, acetylcholine, catecholamines, prostaglandins, histamine and prostacyclin. However, there are other forms of bioassay in which one can use isolated tissues and determine actions of their nerves, such as the nerve to the diaphragm from rats. Bioassays may also be done in vivo in individual humans. The assessment of drug effects in humans is designated by clinical pharmacologists as a clinical trial. Such trials often require hundreds or sometimes thousands of patients in order to test efficacy and safety of any new drug before it can be marketed. If the human investigations produce unexpected results, quite different of those obtained in the animal experiments the trials must be redesigned, to examine why and how this occurred. There are many examples of how such discoveries resulted in new clinically useful medications (eg, discovery antihypertensive effect of beta-adrenergic blocking agents).6 Accordingly, the pharmacologists have the bioassays, as a tool, which help them in the discovery process. I wrote on the renowned pharmacologist Professor Ervin G Erdös and his scientific opus in my reminiscence article written on the occasion of his death in 2019.1 When I attended the Fourth International Congress in Pharmacology in Basel in 1969, Dr Ervin G Erdös invited me to join his laboratory. Thus, in April 1970, I arrived in Oklahoma City as a Fulbright Fellow to work with him for two years. Later on, as a visiting scientist I frequently worked in his research laboratories in Dallas and Chicago and we shared research interests through visits across the Atlantic between the former Yugoslavia and the United States.2, 3","PeriodicalId":33497,"journal":{"name":"Scripta Medica","volume":"14 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83075192","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.5937/scriptamed53-35899
Jaya Dadhich, Devendra Dadhich, R. Dadheech, N. Gupta, R. Chandel, Shivankan Kakkar
Background: Over the last few years, an unexpected increase in the prevalence of diabetes in India have been witnessed. The present study was planned to analyse prescribing patterns of anti-hyperglycaemic drugs and assess the influence of Chief Minister's Free Drug Scheme in Rajasthan, India. It aimed to evaluate, monitor and if possible, suggest modifications in prescribing practices to make medical care rational and also to assist minimising adverse drug reactions (ADRs). Methods: This was a cross-sectional, observational study carried out for a 12-month period. A total 400 known patients of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) from endocrinology outdoor of SMS Medical College Hospital (a tertiary care hospital in Jaipur, Rajasthan, India) were recruited and their prescriptions were analysed using the World Health Organization (WHO) prescribing indicators. Results: Most commonly observed age group was of 40-50 years (mean age 53.76 ± 8.84), with a male preponderance (57.5 %). Among them, 67.5 % of patients were found to be obese (mean BMI 29.79 ± 3.26). All anti-hyperglycaemic were prescribed in their generic names only. Metformin was the most frequently prescribed anti-hyperglycaemic agent. Among the fixed dose combinations, the most common was that of glimepiride and metformin (40.75 %), while most prescribed add on anti-hyperglycaemic was teneligliptin (51.5 %), followed by pioglitazone (30.5 %). A total of 53.25 % of these patients received insulin along with oral anti-hyperglycaemic agents. Conclusion: The anti-hyperglycaemic agent prescribing among endocrinology outpatients at tertiary care hospital in Jaipur was found to be satisfactory.
{"title":"Prescribing patterns in type 2 diabetes mellitus outpatients at a tertiary care centre in Jaipur, India","authors":"Jaya Dadhich, Devendra Dadhich, R. Dadheech, N. Gupta, R. Chandel, Shivankan Kakkar","doi":"10.5937/scriptamed53-35899","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5937/scriptamed53-35899","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Over the last few years, an unexpected increase in the prevalence of diabetes in India have been witnessed. The present study was planned to analyse prescribing patterns of anti-hyperglycaemic drugs and assess the influence of Chief Minister's Free Drug Scheme in Rajasthan, India. It aimed to evaluate, monitor and if possible, suggest modifications in prescribing practices to make medical care rational and also to assist minimising adverse drug reactions (ADRs). Methods: This was a cross-sectional, observational study carried out for a 12-month period. A total 400 known patients of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) from endocrinology outdoor of SMS Medical College Hospital (a tertiary care hospital in Jaipur, Rajasthan, India) were recruited and their prescriptions were analysed using the World Health Organization (WHO) prescribing indicators. Results: Most commonly observed age group was of 40-50 years (mean age 53.76 ± 8.84), with a male preponderance (57.5 %). Among them, 67.5 % of patients were found to be obese (mean BMI 29.79 ± 3.26). All anti-hyperglycaemic were prescribed in their generic names only. Metformin was the most frequently prescribed anti-hyperglycaemic agent. Among the fixed dose combinations, the most common was that of glimepiride and metformin (40.75 %), while most prescribed add on anti-hyperglycaemic was teneligliptin (51.5 %), followed by pioglitazone (30.5 %). A total of 53.25 % of these patients received insulin along with oral anti-hyperglycaemic agents. Conclusion: The anti-hyperglycaemic agent prescribing among endocrinology outpatients at tertiary care hospital in Jaipur was found to be satisfactory.","PeriodicalId":33497,"journal":{"name":"Scripta Medica","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82007931","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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