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Empirical prediction of optical transitions in metallic armchair SWCNTs 金属扶手椅SWCNTs中光学跃迁的经验预测
Pub Date : 2015-02-02 DOI: 10.1080/23311940.2015.1006107
G. R. Ahmed Jamal, S. M. Mominuzzaman
In this work, a quick and effective method to calculate the second and third optical transition energies of metallic armchair single wall carbon nanotubes (SWCNT) is presented. In this proposed method, the transition energy of any armchair SWCNT can be predicted directly just by knowing one of its chiral index. The predicted results are compared with recent experimental data and found to be accurate over a wide diameter range. The empirical equation proposed here is also compared with that proposed in earlier works. The proposed way may help the research works or applications where information of optical transitions of armchair metallic nanotubes is needed.
本文提出了一种快速有效的计算金属扶手型单壁碳纳米管(SWCNT)第二和第三光跃迁能的方法。在该方法中,只要知道任意扶手碳纳米管的一个手性指数,就可以直接预测其跃迁能。将预测结果与最近的实验数据进行了比较,发现在较宽的直径范围内预测结果是准确的。本文提出的经验方程也与前人提出的经验方程进行了比较。本文提出的方法有助于扶手椅型金属纳米管光学跃迁信息的研究工作或应用。
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引用次数: 0
HETNET neighbour handover cell list optimization based on cognitive programmed threshold response 基于认知程序化阈值响应的HETNET邻居切换单元列表优化
Pub Date : 2014-12-01 DOI: 10.1109/ICECE.2014.7026922
Sanyat Hoque, S. Pal, Atiqur Rahman
The growth of mobile broadband has unleashed the necessity of advance mobile network structure. Heterogeneous Network (HetNet) technology is designed to be highly adaptable in subscribers' homes to provide high data rate communications with good quality of service. Femtocells are the indoor nodes of HetNet. Efficient handover of calls is the priority for successful femtocell/macrocell joint transmission. Handoff of femtocell-to-femtocell handover is the most visible challenge for dense deployment of nodes. This particular handover needs minimum as well appropriate neighbouring cell list which is needed for its successful operation. In this paper, we proposed an algorithm for dense femtocells deployment, i.e., an algorithm to create an optimized neighbour cell list with minimum number of femtocells (including the reduction of interfering femtocells and finding hidden ones). An appropriate and optimal neighbour femtocell list is mandatory for the much needed dense femtocellular network deployment in the near future. Therefore, reducing the size of the neighbour femtocell and making the list more efficient results in minimizing the amount of scanning and signal flow of mobile station during handover.
移动宽带的发展释放了先进移动网络结构的必要性。异构网络(HetNet)技术的目的是在用户家中提供高数据速率和高服务质量的通信。飞蜂窝是HetNet的室内节点。有效的呼叫切换是飞蜂窝/宏蜂窝联合传输成功的首要条件。蜂窝间切换是节点密集部署中最明显的挑战。这种特殊的切换需要最小的以及适当的相邻单元列表,这是其成功操作所必需的。在本文中,我们提出了一种密集的飞基站部署算法,即以最小的飞基站数量创建优化的邻居基站列表(包括减少干扰的飞基站和寻找隐藏的飞基站)的算法。在不久的将来,一个合适的、最优的邻居移动蜂窝列表是部署密集移动蜂窝网络的必要条件。因此,减小相邻移动基站的尺寸,提高列表的效率,可以最大限度地减少切换时移动站的扫描量和信号流。
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引用次数: 2
A graph rewriting approach to replace asynchronous RAMs in circuits with cycles for FPGAs 用fpga的周期代替电路中的异步ram的图形重写方法
Pub Date : 2014-12-01 DOI: 10.1109/ICECE.2014.7026961
Md. Nazrul Islam Mondal, Md. Shahid Uz Zaman, B. Pal
Circuit design that minimizes the number of clock cycles is easy if we use asynchronous read operations. However, most of FPGAs support synchronous read operations, but do not support asynchronous read operations. It is one of the main difficulties for users to implement parallel and hardware algorithms in FPGAs. The main contribution of this paper is to provide one of the potent approaches to resolve this problem. We assume that a circuit which includes cycles using asynchronous RAMs designed by a non-expert or quickly designed by an expert is given. Our goal is to convert this circuit with asynchronous RAMs into an equivalent synchronous ones. The resulting circuit with synchronous RAMs can be embedded into the FPGAs.
如果我们使用异步读取操作,那么最小化时钟周期的电路设计是很容易的。然而,大多数fpga支持同步读操作,但不支持异步读操作。在fpga中实现并行算法和硬件算法是用户面临的主要困难之一。本文的主要贡献是为解决这一问题提供了一种有效的方法。我们假设给定了一个由非专家设计或由专家快速设计的包含周期的异步ram的电路。我们的目标是将异步ram电路转换为等效的同步ram电路。所得到的带有同步ram的电路可以嵌入到fpga中。
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引用次数: 0
Effect of timing jitter on the BER performance of a M-PPM FSO link over atmospheric turbulence channel 时序抖动对大气湍流信道M-PPM FSO链路误码率性能的影响
Pub Date : 2014-12-01 DOI: 10.1109/ICECE.2014.7027017
K. M. Nazrul Islam, S. Majumder
An analytical approach is presented to evaluate the impact of timing jitter on the bit error rate performance of optical M-ary pulse position modulation (M-PPM) free space optical (FSO) link under the influence of atmospheric turbulence modelled by Log-normal distribution. The expression of the conditional bit error rate (BER) for a given timing jitter is developed and the average BER is found by averaging the conditional BER over the probability density function of the timing jitter which is considered to be zero mean Gaussian. The results are evaluated at a bit rate of 2.4 Gbps over weak turbulence with Avalanche Photodiode (APD) receiver for different order of M-PPM modulation. It is found that there is significant deterioration in BER performance with increase in timing jitter variance and results in BER floor at higher value of jitter variance for a given M-PPM order and APD gain. Further, it is noticed that higher order M-PPM system suffer less than lower order PPM system at a given system BER. The analysis can also be useful for evaluating the impact of slot timing jitter for M-PPM FSO system with strong turbulence.
提出了一种在对数正态分布大气湍流影响下,时间抖动对m - M-PPM自由空间光学链路误码率性能影响的分析方法。导出了给定时序抖动的条件误码率表达式,并将条件误码率与时序抖动的概率密度函数平均,得到了平均误码率。用雪崩光电二极管(APD)接收机在2.4 Gbps的弱湍流条件下,对不同阶次M-PPM调制的结果进行了评估。研究发现,在给定的M-PPM阶数和APD增益下,随着时序抖动方差的增加,误码率性能会显著下降,并导致误码率下限在较高的抖动方差值下。此外,我们注意到在给定的系统误码率下,高阶M-PPM系统比低阶PPM系统受到的影响要小。该分析也可用于评价槽时抖动对强湍流条件下M-PPM FSO系统的影响。
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引用次数: 9
Unconstraint adaptive frequency-domain equalizer for coherent optical receivers 相干光接收机的无约束自适应频域均衡器
Pub Date : 2014-12-01 DOI: 10.1109/ICECE.2014.7027008
Md. Saifuddin Faruk
In this paper, unconstraint adaptive frequency-domain equalizer (FDE) based on the constant-modulus algorithm (CMA) is investigated for equalization of linear transmission impairments in coherent optical receivers. With unrepeated 200-km transmission of 10-Gbaud quadrature phase-shift keying (QPSK) signal, it is verified that, compared with conventional constraint FDE, the proposed unconstraint FDE causes a very small sensitivity penalty; however, can be applied with much less computational complexity.
本文研究了基于恒模算法(CMA)的无约束自适应频域均衡器(FDE)在相干光接收机线性传输损伤均衡中的应用。通过10-Gbaud正交相移键控(QPSK)信号的200 km无重复传输,验证了与传统约束FDE相比,所提出的无约束FDE的灵敏度损失非常小;但是,可以用更少的计算复杂度来应用。
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引用次数: 1
Capacitance-Voltage characterization and semiclassical transport analysis of InxGa1−xAs surface channel Quantum Well MOSFET InxGa1−xAs表面通道量子阱MOSFET的电容电压特性和半经典输运分析
Pub Date : 2014-12-01 DOI: 10.1109/ICECE.2014.7026916
Ehsanur Rahman, A. Shadman, Kanak Datta, S. Biswas, Q. Khosru
In this paper, the Capacitance-Voltage (C-V) and Ballistic Current characteristics of arsenide based surface channel Quantum Well (QW) MOSFET were investigated. Self-consistent simulation was performed by solving coupled Schrödinger-Poisson equation incorporating wave function penetration into oxide. Although Experimental C-V and I-V characteristics of the Surface Channel QW MOSFET are available in recent literature, a self-consistent simulation based C-V and I-V characterization is yet to be reported. We studied some important parameters variation like oxide material, doping concentration and their impacts on C-V characteristics. We have also simulated carrier transport in the Ballistic limit using top of the barrier approach.
本文研究了砷基表面通道量子阱(QW) MOSFET的电容电压(C-V)和弹道电流特性。通过求解包含波函数穿透氧化物的耦合Schrödinger-Poisson方程进行自洽模拟。虽然表面沟道QW MOSFET的实验C-V和I-V特性在最近的文献中是可用的,但基于C-V和I-V表征的自一致模拟尚未报道。研究了氧化物材料、掺杂浓度等重要参数的变化及其对C-V特性的影响。我们还利用屏障顶部方法模拟了弹道极限下的载流子运输。
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引用次数: 0
Power Generating Slabs: Lost energy conversion of human locomotive force into electrical energy 发电板:将人的机车力转化为电能的损失能量
Pub Date : 2014-12-01 DOI: 10.1109/ICECE.2014.7026831
R. K. Datta, S. Rahman
In the world of modern technology, newer sources of energy and new methods of power generation are two important area of interest for researchers and engineers. Recently a new method is established to generate power from the lost energy of a human during his/her locomotive period. A piezoelectric sensor based costly product is available in some developed countries which can generate power from human locomotive force, but it is not suitable for countries like Bangladesh where power demand is very high but economy is not highly developed. In this paper we will explain the design and construction method of a “Power Generating Slab” which can be used to generate power by establishing anywhere of the walking zone of human (roads, stairs, pavements, dais etc). This is done in a low cost process with locally available equipments (micro-generator, iron plate, rack pinion gear, free-wheeling system, spring etc). These slabs can easily sustain human weight when people walk along them. With a small deformation of spring, the weight (mechanical energy) of a human body is converted into electrical energy by rotating a micro-generator with the help of a `rotating shaft' coupled with it. From each foot step almost 10V-12V is generated. This energy is stored in a rechargeable battery which can be used as a power source to drive loads. Assembly of some power generating slabs can give better result. This is a method which is reusable and it will run for a longer period.
在现代技术的世界里,新能源和新发电方法是研究人员和工程师感兴趣的两个重要领域。近年来建立了一种利用人在机车运行过程中损失的能量发电的新方法。在一些发达国家已经有了一种基于压电传感器的昂贵产品,可以利用人的机动力发电,但它并不适合像孟加拉国这样电力需求很高但经济不发达的国家。在本文中,我们将解释一个“发电板”的设计和施工方法,它可以通过建立人类行走区域的任何地方(道路,楼梯,人行道,台座等)来发电。这是在一个低成本的过程中与当地可用的设备(微型发电机,铁板,齿条小齿轮,自由轮系统,弹簧等)。当人们在这些石板上行走时,它们可以很容易地承受人的重量。随着弹簧的微小变形,人体的重量(机械能)通过与之相连的“旋转轴”的帮助下旋转微型发电机,转化为电能。从每一步几乎产生10V-12V。这种能量储存在可充电电池中,可以用作驱动负载的电源。部分发电板的装配效果较好。这是一个可重复使用的方法,它将运行更长的时间。
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引用次数: 7
Low activation energy of Mg-doped InxGa1−xN (x∼0.4) and self-compensation modelling mg掺杂InxGa1−xN (x ~ 0.4)的低活化能和自补偿模型
Pub Date : 2014-12-01 DOI: 10.1109/ICECE.2014.7027022
Md. Nazmul Hasan, Md. Soyaeb Hasan, M. Islam
p-InGaN epitaxial layer is crucially important for advanced electronic and optoelectronic devices. The activation energy (EA) of Mg-acceptor, universally accepted p-type dopant, and hole concentration (p) of Mg-doped InxGa1-xN alloys (x~0.4) have been investigated herein. The EA has been calculated using an equation almost fitted with experimental data available in literatures in which EA decreases with the increase in In content (x) in InxGa1-xN. The observed EA in Mg doped In0.4Ga0.6N alloys is about 41 meV which is few times smaller than Mg doped GaN, widely used active p-layer from III-nitride. The increased carrier concentration (p) due to increasing In content is near about 9.7×1018 cm-3 for x~0.4. The hole concentration starts to decrease at around the Mg concentration of 4.5×1019 cm-3. These results indicate that self-compensation occurs in Mg-doped InGaN at higher-doping levels.
p-InGaN外延层对于先进的电子和光电子器件至关重要。本文研究了mg受体、普遍接受的p型掺杂剂的活化能(EA)和掺mg的InxGa1-xN合金(x~0.4)的空穴浓度(p)。利用与文献实验数据几乎吻合的方程计算了EA,其中EA随着InxGa1-xN中in含量的增加而减小。在Mg掺杂的In0.4Ga0.6N合金中观察到的EA约为41 meV,比Mg掺杂的GaN(广泛应用于iii -氮化物的活性p层)小几倍。当x~0.4时,因In含量增加而增加的载流子浓度(p)约为9.7×1018 cm-3。在Mg浓度4.5×1019 cm-3附近,空穴浓度开始下降。这些结果表明,在高掺杂水平下,mg掺杂的InGaN发生了自补偿。
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引用次数: 1
An Ultra Wide Band Low Noise Amplifier for 10.8 to 20.1 GHz applications 一款适用于10.8至20.1 GHz应用的超宽带低噪声放大器
Pub Date : 2014-12-01 DOI: 10.1109/ICECE.2014.7026924
Md Saiful, Arefin Mojumder, Md Sariful Islam, M. Ziaur, Rahman Khan
Design and simulation of an Ultra Wide Band Low Noise Amplifier for 10.8 to 20.1 GHz applications is presented. A CG-CS topology is adopted in this work. CG is used for input matching in the whole band of operation. Output of the CG is fed to the CS amplifier input to increase the gain of the overall amplifier. The circuit is designed in IBM 130 nm CMOS Technology and simulated in HSPICE RF. The simulated results of the circuit shows 10.2 dB of forward gain (S21) with a bandwidth of 9.3 GHz, -18 dB input return loss (S11), reverse isolation (S12) of -44 dB and -32 dB of output matching parameter (S22) at center frequency, 14 GHz. This circuit exhibits a Nf of 5.03 dB at center frequency and 5.44 dB of average Nf. ICP is -17.2 dBm at the center frequency. It consumes only 7.38 mW when driven from 1.2 V source.
介绍了一种应用于10.8 ~ 20.1 GHz的超宽带低噪声放大器的设计与仿真。本工作采用CG-CS拓扑结构。在整个操作范围内,使用CG进行输入匹配。输出的CG被馈送到CS放大器的输入,以增加整个放大器的增益。该电路采用IBM 130纳米CMOS技术设计,并在HSPICE RF中进行了仿真。仿真结果表明,该电路在中心频率为14 GHz时,正向增益(S21)为10.2 dB,带宽为9.3 GHz,输入回波损耗(S11)为-18 dB,反向隔离(S12)为-44 dB,输出匹配参数(S22)为-32 dB。该电路的中心频率Nf值为5.03 dB,平均Nf值为5.44 dB。中心频率处的ICP值为-17.2 dBm。当从1.2 V电源驱动时,它仅消耗7.38 mW。
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引用次数: 0
Effect of bandwidth in cross-correlation based underwater network size estimation 基于互相关的水下网络大小估计中带宽的影响
Pub Date : 2014-12-01 DOI: 10.1109/ICECE.2014.7026897
M. S. Anower, S. Chowdhury, J. E. Giti, M. M. Haque
Due to the harshness of underwater environment, size estimation of underwater network is difficult using conventional protocol techniques. A statistical signal processing approach of size estimation is proposed for this purpose using cross-correlation of Gaussian signals, which is effective for any environment networks. Limited bandwidth of underwater communications channel poses constraint on using Gaussian signal, which has infinite bandwidth. The aim of this paper is to investigate the effect of this limited bandwidth in cross-correlation based underwater network size estimation using Gaussian signals with finite bandwidth.
由于水下环境的恶劣,使用常规协议技术对水下网络进行规模估计是困难的。为此,提出了一种利用高斯信号互相关估计大小的统计信号处理方法,该方法对任何环境下的网络都有效。水下通信信道带宽有限,限制了使用具有无限带宽的高斯信号。本文的目的是研究这种有限带宽对基于互相关的水下网络大小估计的影响,该估计使用有限带宽的高斯信号。
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引用次数: 8
期刊
8th International Conference on Electrical and Computer Engineering
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