Mônica Ansilago, Franciéli Ottonelli, E. M. Carvalho
Microalgae are unicellular organisms, photosynthesizers that present cell duplication exponentially and biosorption capacity of nutrients dissolved in water. The objective of this work was to evaluate the capacity of the microalga Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata for bioremediation of metals and salts. In this aspect, the reduction of the metals and salts in the synthetic effluents by the microalga P. subcapitata was evaluated: (T1) culture medium (control); (T2) culture medium contaminated with aluminum chloride; (T3) culture medium contaminated with ferrous sulfate; (T4) culture medium contaminated with zinc sulfate; (T5) culture medium contaminated with the combination of aluminum chloride, ferrous sulfate and zinc sulfate. The bioremediation process was evaluated by comparing culture media with suspended microalgae to a filtrate version of the same medium. Iron and zinc metals, as well as nitrogen and phosphorus salts, showed depleted values in the filtered medium, indicating efficiency in the treatment of water by microalgae. Aluminum content was below the limit of detection in all treatments. The cumulative values in the microalgae biomass were, in descending order: nitrogen, zinc, iron and phosphorus, thus indicating the assimilation of the contaminants in the algal biomass. In addition, high biomass production of the microalgae was observed. The highest production rate was verified in the synthetic effluent with the association of metals, indicating a synergy between contaminants, which was probably responsible for reducing the toxic effect on the microalgae. These results indicated high potential for bioremediation by microalga P. subcapitata, besides the possibility of using algal biomass for biotechnological applications.
{"title":"Metals bioremediation potential using Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata","authors":"Mônica Ansilago, Franciéli Ottonelli, E. M. Carvalho","doi":"10.5327/z21769478834","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5327/z21769478834","url":null,"abstract":"Microalgae are unicellular organisms, photosynthesizers that present cell duplication exponentially and biosorption capacity of nutrients dissolved in water. The objective of this work was to evaluate the capacity of the microalga Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata for bioremediation of metals and salts. In this aspect, the reduction of the metals and salts in the synthetic effluents by the microalga P. subcapitata was evaluated: (T1) culture medium (control); (T2) culture medium contaminated with aluminum chloride; (T3) culture medium contaminated with ferrous sulfate; (T4) culture medium contaminated with zinc sulfate; (T5) culture medium contaminated with the combination of aluminum chloride, ferrous sulfate and zinc sulfate. The bioremediation process was evaluated by comparing culture media with suspended microalgae to a filtrate version of the same medium. Iron and zinc metals, as well as nitrogen and phosphorus salts, showed depleted values in the filtered medium, indicating efficiency in the treatment of water by microalgae. Aluminum content was below the limit of detection in all treatments. The cumulative values in the microalgae biomass were, in descending order: nitrogen, zinc, iron and phosphorus, thus indicating the assimilation of the contaminants in the algal biomass. In addition, high biomass production of the microalgae was observed. The highest production rate was verified in the synthetic effluent with the association of metals, indicating a synergy between contaminants, which was probably responsible for reducing the toxic effect on the microalgae. These results indicated high potential for bioremediation by microalga P. subcapitata, besides the possibility of using algal biomass for biotechnological applications.","PeriodicalId":33560,"journal":{"name":"Revista Brasileira de Ciencias Ambientais","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71013622","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ivan V. O. Nunes, C. Inoue, A. Sousa, J. M. Carvalho, A. Gomes, M. C. Matsudo
Secondary wastewaters from the dairy industry may cause eutrophication of water bodies when not properly treated, mainly because they contain nutrients such as phosphorus and nitrogen. Tertiary treatment using microalgae could be an adequate solution for Minas Gerais State, the largest Brazilian milk producer, contributing to the reduction of environmental impacts, as well as providing biomass for oil extraction, and obtaining active compounds and inputs (including proteins) for animal feeding. In this work, dilutions (with distilled water) of the secondary wastewater from the dairy industry were evaluated to cultivate Chlorella vulgaris in a bench-scale tubular photobioreactor. The results indicate the feasibility of using wastewater from the dairy industry, after secondary treatment, to cultivate microalgae, showing cell growth like that obtained in control cultures (Bold basal medium). The secondary wastewater without dilution (100% wastewater) provided the best condition for biomass production. The biomass obtained in wastewater showed no differences from the biomass obtained in the Bold basal medium (control) in terms of protein, lipid content, or fatty acid profile.
{"title":"Tertiary treatment of dairy industry wastewater with production of Chlorella vulgaris biomass: evaluation of effluent dilution","authors":"Ivan V. O. Nunes, C. Inoue, A. Sousa, J. M. Carvalho, A. Gomes, M. C. Matsudo","doi":"10.5327/z21769478787","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5327/z21769478787","url":null,"abstract":"Secondary wastewaters from the dairy industry may cause eutrophication of water bodies when not properly treated, mainly because they contain nutrients such as phosphorus and nitrogen. Tertiary treatment using microalgae could be an adequate solution for Minas Gerais State, the largest Brazilian milk producer, contributing to the reduction of environmental impacts, as well as providing biomass for oil extraction, and obtaining active compounds and inputs (including proteins) for animal feeding. In this work, dilutions (with distilled water) of the secondary wastewater from the dairy industry were evaluated to cultivate Chlorella vulgaris in a bench-scale tubular photobioreactor. The results indicate the feasibility of using wastewater from the dairy industry, after secondary treatment, to cultivate microalgae, showing cell growth like that obtained in control cultures (Bold basal medium). The secondary wastewater without dilution (100% wastewater) provided the best condition for biomass production. The biomass obtained in wastewater showed no differences from the biomass obtained in the Bold basal medium (control) in terms of protein, lipid content, or fatty acid profile.","PeriodicalId":33560,"journal":{"name":"Revista Brasileira de Ciencias Ambientais","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71013433","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
L. Pereira, S. Matsumoto, U. S. Oliveira, A. Viana, Ednilson Carvalho Teixeira
Agroforestry systems are important forms of sustainable farming, providing several ecosystem services. However, characterization and management of factors such as thermal and light heterogeneity, as well as interactions between trees and coffee plants, are determinants for achieving the desired sustainability. This study aimed to verify whether different distances between Coffea arabica L. and Australian red cedar can change soil and microclimate characteristics and how they alter morphological and physiological attributes of coffee plants over the rainy season and a prolonged drought period (veranico) in Summer. The trial was carried out in the municipality of Barra do Choça, in an area with Australian red cedar trees (Toona ciliata M. Roem), distributed in two hedges, spaced 19.8 × 3 m apart, in a northeast-southwest direction, and coffee plants var. Catucaí Vermelho (3.3 × 0.5 m). Treatments were defined by the distance between the coffee plants and the first row of the Australian red cedar hedge (3.3 m, T1; 6.6 m, T2; 9.9 m, T3; 13.2 m, T4; 16.4 m, T5). Morphology and physiology of coffee plants, soil temperature, incident light on coffee plants, and the allelopathic potential of Australian red cedar leaf extracts were assessed in the wet and dry season of the 2016–2017 Summer. Temperatures fluctuated less in experimental units close to the hedge. The reduced growth of coffee plants close to the hedges was related to self-shading associated with light restriction by the trees. The experiment showed the allelopathic potential of Australian red cedar leaves.
农林复合系统是可持续农业的重要形式，提供多种生态系统服务。然而，表征和管理的因素，如热和光的异质性，以及树木和咖啡植物之间的相互作用，是实现预期的可持续性的决定因素。本研究旨在验证阿拉比卡咖啡和澳大利亚红杉之间的距离是否会改变土壤和小气候特征，以及它们如何改变咖啡树在雨季和夏季长期干旱期(veranico)的形态和生理属性。试验在Barra do choa市进行，该地区有澳大利亚红杉树(Toona ciliata m . Roem)，分布在东北-西南方向的两个树篱中，间隔19.8 × 3 m，以及咖啡树Catucaí Vermelho (3.3 × 0.5 m)。处理方法由咖啡树与澳大利亚红杉树篱第一排之间的距离(3.3 m, T1;6.6 m, T2;9.9 m, T3;13.2 m, T4;16.4 m, T5)。在2016-2017夏季的湿季和旱季，研究了咖啡树的形态和生理、土壤温度、入射光和澳大利亚红杉叶提取物的化感作用潜力。靠近树篱的实验单元温度波动较小。靠近树篱的咖啡树的生长减少与树木的光限制相关的自遮荫有关。实验表明，澳大利亚红杉叶具有化感作用。
{"title":"Arabica coffee and cedar tree: integrating biotic and abiotic drivers","authors":"L. Pereira, S. Matsumoto, U. S. Oliveira, A. Viana, Ednilson Carvalho Teixeira","doi":"10.5327/z21769478763","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5327/z21769478763","url":null,"abstract":"Agroforestry systems are important forms of sustainable farming, providing several ecosystem services. However, characterization and management of factors such as thermal and light heterogeneity, as well as interactions between trees and coffee plants, are determinants for achieving the desired sustainability. This study aimed to verify whether different distances between Coffea arabica L. and Australian red cedar can change soil and microclimate characteristics and how they alter morphological and physiological attributes of coffee plants over the rainy season and a prolonged drought period (veranico) in Summer. The trial was carried out in the municipality of Barra do Choça, in an area with Australian red cedar trees (Toona ciliata M. Roem), distributed in two hedges, spaced 19.8 × 3 m apart, in a northeast-southwest direction, and coffee plants var. Catucaí Vermelho (3.3 × 0.5 m). Treatments were defined by the distance between the coffee plants and the first row of the Australian red cedar hedge (3.3 m, T1; 6.6 m, T2; 9.9 m, T3; 13.2 m, T4; 16.4 m, T5). Morphology and physiology of coffee plants, soil temperature, incident light on coffee plants, and the allelopathic potential of Australian red cedar leaf extracts were assessed in the wet and dry season of the 2016–2017 Summer. Temperatures fluctuated less in experimental units close to the hedge. The reduced growth of coffee plants close to the hedges was related to self-shading associated with light restriction by the trees. The experiment showed the allelopathic potential of Australian red cedar leaves.","PeriodicalId":33560,"journal":{"name":"Revista Brasileira de Ciencias Ambientais","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71013183","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
C. V. Santos, A. E. Lourenzani, Mario Mollo, L. A. Lopes, Paulo Sérgio Neves dos Santos
The increase in agricultural production generates a large volume of waste, which may lead to concerns about its proper destination. The main economic activity in Herculândia City, Western region of São Paulo State, Brazil, is the production and processing of peanuts. In this process, a large volume of peanut shells is generated. Following the current movement of using waste for energy purposes, in compliance with what was established by the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), this work aimed to carry out a study on the biogas potential generated from peanut shells. To this end, a low-cost biodigester prototype was built, which, over a period of 108 days, produced biogas and biofertilizer. The results showed that there was production of biogas from peanut waste; however, the volume produced did not provide savings in electricity costs when compared to the production of biogas from animal waste. Nevertheless, the work demonstrated the importance of providing solutions to the disposal of peanut shells, effectively mitigating future environmental problems, and serving as an alternative for generating sustainable and low-cost energy, especially for small producers.
{"title":"Study of the biogas potential generated from residue: peanut shells","authors":"C. V. Santos, A. E. Lourenzani, Mario Mollo, L. A. Lopes, Paulo Sérgio Neves dos Santos","doi":"10.5327/z21769478765","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5327/z21769478765","url":null,"abstract":"The increase in agricultural production generates a large volume of waste, which may lead to concerns about its proper destination. The main economic activity in Herculândia City, Western region of São Paulo State, Brazil, is the production and processing of peanuts. In this process, a large volume of peanut shells is generated. Following the current movement of using waste for energy purposes, in compliance with what was established by the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), this work aimed to carry out a study on the biogas potential generated from peanut shells. To this end, a low-cost biodigester prototype was built, which, over a period of 108 days, produced biogas and biofertilizer. The results showed that there was production of biogas from peanut waste; however, the volume produced did not provide savings in electricity costs when compared to the production of biogas from animal waste. Nevertheless, the work demonstrated the importance of providing solutions to the disposal of peanut shells, effectively mitigating future environmental problems, and serving as an alternative for generating sustainable and low-cost energy, especially for small producers.","PeriodicalId":33560,"journal":{"name":"Revista Brasileira de Ciencias Ambientais","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71013353","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
C. J. F. Torres, R. R. D. Silva, Andrea Souza Fontes, D. V. Ribeiro, Y. Medeiros
Obtaining databases to develop multidisciplinary studies in complex intersectoral network systems presents great challenges. Databases often lack compatibility or data standardization because they are organized differently by sector. Therefore, this article aims to propose a Decision Support System (DSS) to assist in the identification, analysis, and selection of sectoral databases to support the development of quantitative studies. The concept of the “Nexus of water, energy, agriculture, and the environment" is used to illustrate the development of the DSS. To this end, a conceptual structure defined in six stages was presented: institutional analysis, definition of alternatives, definition of criteria, analysis of databases, classification matrix, and organization and selection of alternatives. Validation of the proposed DSS was carried out using national-scale databases for the Brazilian context. From the application of DSS in the databases surveyed, it appears that: Brazil does not have interconnected databases, nor does it share databases between sectors; the information is dispersed across a large number of institutions, and includes a multiplicity of spatial and temporal scales, hindering their integration; the adoption of macro-scales, both spatially and temporally, facilitates the integration of the collected information, and the country’s sectoral organizational structures tend to hamper the development of systems integrated into complex networks. The proposed DSS allows a better understanding and visualization of possible simplifications and limitations inherent in integrated studies of quantitative scope, minimizes uncertainties, and directs systemic planning and management strategies.
{"title":"Decision support system for selecting sectoral data-bases in studies of the water–energy–agricultural–environmental nexus","authors":"C. J. F. Torres, R. R. D. Silva, Andrea Souza Fontes, D. V. Ribeiro, Y. Medeiros","doi":"10.5327/z21769478897","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5327/z21769478897","url":null,"abstract":"Obtaining databases to develop multidisciplinary studies in complex intersectoral network systems presents great challenges. Databases often lack compatibility or data standardization because they are organized differently by sector. Therefore, this article aims to propose a Decision Support System (DSS) to assist in the identification, analysis, and selection of sectoral databases to support the development of quantitative studies. The concept of the “Nexus of water, energy, agriculture, and the environment\" is used to illustrate the development of the DSS. To this end, a conceptual structure defined in six stages was presented: institutional analysis, definition of alternatives, definition of criteria, analysis of databases, classification matrix, and organization and selection of alternatives. Validation of the proposed DSS was carried out using national-scale databases for the Brazilian context. From the application of DSS in the databases surveyed, it appears that: Brazil does not have interconnected databases, nor does it share databases between sectors; the information is dispersed across a large number of institutions, and includes a multiplicity of spatial and temporal scales, hindering their integration; the adoption of macro-scales, both spatially and temporally, facilitates the integration of the collected information, and the country’s sectoral organizational structures tend to hamper the development of systems integrated into complex networks. The proposed DSS allows a better understanding and visualization of possible simplifications and limitations inherent in integrated studies of quantitative scope, minimizes uncertainties, and directs systemic planning and management strategies.","PeriodicalId":33560,"journal":{"name":"Revista Brasileira de Ciencias Ambientais","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71013203","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-10-19DOI: 10.5327/z2176-947820200531
Rogério Barbosa Soares, Samiria Maria Oliveira Silva, Francisco de Assis de Souza, T. D. C. Studart, R. Frota
This research aimed at evaluating groundwater vulnerability to agrochemical contamination. To that end, we developed an index called Hydric Vulnerability and Agrochemical Contamination Index (HVACI), which integrates a geographic information system and fuzzy logic to measure catchment vulnerability to agrochemical contamination. Our case study investigates two sub-basins, the Baixo Jaguaribe and the Médio Jaguaribe, in the state of Ceará, Brazil. We built a logical relationship matrix involving economic and environmental information as a tool to enhance public managers' decision-making capabilities. Evaluation was based on four categories of vulnerability — high, medium-high, medium-low, and low —, and we found that the joint area of the Baixo Jaguaribe and Médio Jaguaribe sub-basins presented the following levels of risk contamination: 80.3% of the area had low vulnerability, 3.5% had medium-low vulnerability, 3.0% had medium-high vulnerability, and 13.2% had high vulnerability. Geographically, the municipalities with high vulnerability to contamination by pesticides were Aracati, Icapuí, Limoeiro do Norte, Tabuleiro do Norte, and Quixeré. Therefore, HVACI is an important tool for directing environmental management efforts toward areas identified as highly vulnerable to agrochemical contamination.
{"title":"Groundwater vulnerability to agrochemical contamination","authors":"Rogério Barbosa Soares, Samiria Maria Oliveira Silva, Francisco de Assis de Souza, T. D. C. Studart, R. Frota","doi":"10.5327/z2176-947820200531","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5327/z2176-947820200531","url":null,"abstract":"This research aimed at evaluating groundwater vulnerability to agrochemical contamination. To that end, we developed an index called Hydric Vulnerability and Agrochemical Contamination Index (HVACI), which integrates a geographic information system and fuzzy logic to measure catchment vulnerability to agrochemical contamination. Our case study investigates two sub-basins, the Baixo Jaguaribe and the Médio Jaguaribe, in the state of Ceará, Brazil. We built a logical relationship matrix involving economic and environmental information as a tool to enhance public managers' decision-making capabilities. Evaluation was based on four categories of vulnerability — high, medium-high, medium-low, and low —, and we found that the joint area of the Baixo Jaguaribe and Médio Jaguaribe sub-basins presented the following levels of risk contamination: 80.3% of the area had low vulnerability, 3.5% had medium-low vulnerability, 3.0% had medium-high vulnerability, and 13.2% had high vulnerability. Geographically, the municipalities with high vulnerability to contamination by pesticides were Aracati, Icapuí, Limoeiro do Norte, Tabuleiro do Norte, and Quixeré. Therefore, HVACI is an important tool for directing environmental management efforts toward areas identified as highly vulnerable to agrochemical contamination.","PeriodicalId":33560,"journal":{"name":"Revista Brasileira de Ciencias Ambientais","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47456308","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-07-17DOI: 10.5327/z2176-947820200635
Monique Carrer Hobold, Alex Hahn Matos, K. Silva, G. W. Duarte
The generation of large amounts of ash from sugarcane bagasse by itsproducing countries is becoming a worldwide-problem. Its irregularapplication, such as in fertilizers, contaminates soil and water, causing agreat environmental problem. Studies show it is possible to apply ash insome specific areas, such as replacement of portland cement, replacementof clay, as an adsorbent, in the treatment and stabilization of soils, in thepavement of road asphalt, among others. The objective of the present articleis to evaluate which are the most promising areas for the use of sugarcanebagasse ash. The work was developed with a bibliographic search, usingthe bibliometrics technique. The results obtained show that it is possible touse ash in several different areas. However, having a detailed study of thecharacteristics of the ash obtained is important, because they are directlyrelated to the regions and climates where sugarcane is cultivated, besidesits granulometry, collection time the ashes in the boilers, pHs, curing time,etc. In conclusion, results can be very different for the same application area,depending on the properties of the ash obtained.
{"title":"A study on the reuse of ash from sugarcane bagasse","authors":"Monique Carrer Hobold, Alex Hahn Matos, K. Silva, G. W. Duarte","doi":"10.5327/z2176-947820200635","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5327/z2176-947820200635","url":null,"abstract":"The generation of large amounts of ash from sugarcane bagasse by itsproducing countries is becoming a worldwide-problem. Its irregularapplication, such as in fertilizers, contaminates soil and water, causing agreat environmental problem. Studies show it is possible to apply ash insome specific areas, such as replacement of portland cement, replacementof clay, as an adsorbent, in the treatment and stabilization of soils, in thepavement of road asphalt, among others. The objective of the present articleis to evaluate which are the most promising areas for the use of sugarcanebagasse ash. The work was developed with a bibliographic search, usingthe bibliometrics technique. The results obtained show that it is possible touse ash in several different areas. However, having a detailed study of thecharacteristics of the ash obtained is important, because they are directlyrelated to the regions and climates where sugarcane is cultivated, besidesits granulometry, collection time the ashes in the boilers, pHs, curing time,etc. In conclusion, results can be very different for the same application area,depending on the properties of the ash obtained.","PeriodicalId":33560,"journal":{"name":"Revista Brasileira de Ciencias Ambientais","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91397705","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-07-01DOI: 10.5327/Z2176-947820200707
Vagner Alexandre Aparecido de Souza, Denise Gallo Pizella
The framing of surface water bodies is an instrument present in the National Water Resources Policy that aims to outline the goal of water quality to be maintained or achieved by water bodies, according to their predominant and intended uses by society. In view of the importance of the framework for water quality planning and the difficulties and possibilities for its implementation reported in the literature, this study aimed to identify them in the hydrographic basins of rivers in the Union’s domain. In this sense, it was analyzed, in the most recent Plans of the nine basins with established committees, the aspects related to the framework; and, in order to diagnose the perspectives of the management bodies on the subject, electronic questionnaires were applied to the committees of the analyzed basins and to the National Water Agency. As a result, there was a lack of framing in accordance with current regulation, namely CONAMA Resolution no. 357/05, in all situations. The main problems identified for this were: lack of fluviometric data, distribution of water quality monitoring points in the basins in such a way as to make analysis difficult, diversity of legislation applicable to the framework in the States in which they are located, water pollution, and lack of articulation institutional relationship between water management bodies, States and municipalities. On the other hand, some potentialities for achieving the framework were verified, such as the implementation of the grant for the use of water resources in all situations, the existence of charges for the use of water resources in five of the nine basins in question, and a greater interaction between the water resources management bodies, States and municipalities in two of the analyzed basins.
{"title":"The Brazilian surface freshwater framework in union-dominated rivers: challenges and prospects for water quality management","authors":"Vagner Alexandre Aparecido de Souza, Denise Gallo Pizella","doi":"10.5327/Z2176-947820200707","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5327/Z2176-947820200707","url":null,"abstract":"The framing of surface water bodies is an instrument present in the National Water Resources Policy that aims to outline the goal of water quality to be maintained or achieved by water bodies, according to their predominant and intended uses by society. In view of the importance of the framework for water quality planning and the difficulties and possibilities for its implementation reported in the literature, this study aimed to identify them in the hydrographic basins of rivers in the Union’s domain. In this sense, it was analyzed, in the most recent Plans of the nine basins with established committees, the aspects related to the framework; and, in order to diagnose the perspectives of the management bodies on the subject, electronic questionnaires were applied to the committees of the analyzed basins and to the National Water Agency. As a result, there was a lack of framing in accordance with current regulation, namely CONAMA Resolution no. 357/05, in all situations. The main problems identified for this were: lack of fluviometric data, distribution of water quality monitoring points in the basins in such a way as to make analysis difficult, diversity of legislation applicable to the framework in the States in which they are located, water pollution, and lack of articulation institutional relationship between water management bodies, States and municipalities. On the other hand, some potentialities for achieving the framework were verified, such as the implementation of the grant for the use of water resources in all situations, the existence of charges for the use of water resources in five of the nine basins in question, and a greater interaction between the water resources management bodies, States and municipalities in two of the analyzed basins.","PeriodicalId":33560,"journal":{"name":"Revista Brasileira de Ciencias Ambientais","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48066623","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-06-18DOI: 10.5327/z2176-947820200659
J. A. Lutinski, Carin Guarda, M. A. Busato
As escolas consistem em ambientes que oferecem condições favoráveis para acolonização por formigas. Este estudo objetiva identificar os fatores associadosà ocorrência de formigas em quatro ambientes escolares localizados em áreasurbanas. A amostragem foi realizada em cozinhas, almoxarifados, refeitóriose áreas externas em doze escolas de quatro municípios da região oeste doestado de Santa Catarina, Brasil. Foram utilizadas iscas e coleta manual naamostragem. Variáveis ambientais foram obtidas em cada local. A similaridadeentre as amostras quanto à composição e a abundância de formigas foiavaliada por meio de uma escala multidimensional não métrica (non-metricmultidimensional scaling — NMDS). Foram amostrados 1.478 exemplaresde formigas e identificados 45 espécies. Foi observada uma similaridade de60% na abundância e composição das assembleias de formigas entre escolasde pequenas cidades (Caxambu do Sul, Guatambú e Palmitos). A presençade áreas externas com vegetação e áreas verdes no entorno, o tamanho daárea construída e a frequência de eventos de controle de insetos contribuempara a abundância desses insetos nos ambientes escolares. As formigas nãosão reconhecidas como potenciais vetores de micro-organismos patogênicosnas escolas e são negligenciadas se considerada a periodicidade do controlede insetos.
学校由为蚂蚁殖民提供有利条件的环境组成。本研究旨在确定城市四所学校环境中蚂蚁发生的相关因素。在巴西圣卡塔琳娜州西部四个市镇的12所学校的厨房、仓库、食堂和户外区域进行了采样。使用诱饵和人工取样。在每个地点获得环境变量。通过非度量多维标度（NMDS）评估了样本在蚂蚁组成和丰度方面的相似性。共对1478只蚂蚁进行了采样，鉴定出45种蚂蚁。据观察，小城市（Caxambu do Sul、Guatambú和Palmitos）学校之间蚂蚁群落的丰度和组成相似60%。周围有植被和绿地的户外区域、建筑面积的大小和昆虫控制活动的频率，都有助于学校环境中这些昆虫的丰富。在学校里，蚂蚁不被认为是致病微生物的潜在媒介，如果考虑到昆虫控制的周期性，蚂蚁就会被忽视。
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Pub Date : 2020-06-18DOI: 10.5327/z2176-947820200597
Á. Back, Sabrina Baesso Cadorin
As chuvas intensas causam vários problemas, como alagamento, deslizamentoe erosão do solo, sendo importante conhecer as informações sobre as relaçõesintensidade-duração-frequência (IDF) de chuvas intensas locais. Em razão da carênciadessas informações para o estado do Acre, este trabalho teve como objetivos analisaras séries históricas de chuvas e ajustar as equações IDF por meio da desagregaçãoda chuva diária. Para o estudo utilizaram-se as estações pluviométricas da redehidrológica da Agência Nacional de Águas de 11 municípios do Acre. As sériesde máximas anuais apresentaram médias variando de 89,6 a 118,7 mm. Foramajustados os parâmetros da distribuição de Gumbel e da distribuição generalizada devalores extremos (GEV), utilizando os métodos dos momentos, o método da máximaverossimilhança, o método dos momentos-L (MML) e, ainda, o método de Chowpara a distribuição de Gumbel. A aderência das distribuições ajustadas às séries demáximas anuais foi avaliada pelos testes Kolmogorov-Smirnov e Anderson-Darling. Adistribuição GEV com parâmetros estimados pelo MML destacou-se como a melhordistribuição para 73% das estações. Foi observada grande variação nos valores dechuva máxima diária entre as estações, evidenciando a necessidade de determinaros valores com dados locais. As equações IDF obtidas apresentaram bom ajuste,com coeficientes de determinação acima de 0,99. As equações ajustadas permitemestimativa da intensidade da chuva com duração de 5 a 1.440 minutos e período deretorno de dois a cem anos com erro padrão inferior 6,40 mm h-1.
强降雨会引发洪水、滑坡和土壤侵蚀等问题，了解当地强降雨强度-持续时间-频率关系的信息非常重要。由于缺乏阿克里州的这一信息，本研究旨在分析降雨的历史序列，并通过日降雨量的分解来调整IDF方程。在这项研究中，我们使用了阿克里11个市的国家水务局再水文的雨量站。年最大值序列的平均值在89.6至118.7mm之间。使用矩量法、最大相似性法、L矩量法以及Gumbel分布的Chow法，对Gumbel分配和广义极值方差分布（GEV）的参数进行了调整。通过Kolmogorov-Smirnov和Anderson-DDarling检验评估了调整后的分布对年最大序列的依从性。由MML估计参数的GEV分布在73%的站点中脱颖而出。据观察，不同季节的最大日降雨量变化很大，这证明需要用当地数据来确定数值。所得IDF方程拟合良好，测定系数大于0.99。调整后的方程允许持续5至1440分钟的估计降雨强度，持续时间为2至100年，标准误差低于6.40 mm h-1。
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