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Differences in Sleep Offset Timing between Weekdays and Weekends in 79,161 Adult Participants in the UK Biobank. 英国生物银行79161名成年参与者工作日和周末睡眠偏移时间的差异
IF 3.1 Q3 CLINICAL NEUROLOGY Pub Date : 2022-11-22 DOI: 10.3390/clockssleep4040050
Rachael M Kelly, John H McDermott, Andrew N Coogan

Variability in the timing of daily sleep is increasingly recognized as an important factor in sleep and general physical health. One potential driver of such daily variations in sleep timing is different work and social obligations during the "working week" and weekends. To investigate the nature of weekday/weekend differences in the timing of sleep offset, we examined actigraphy records of 79,161 adult participants in the UK Biobank who wore an actiwatch for 1 week. The time of sleep offset was found to be on average 36 min later on weekends than on weekdays, and when this difference was expressed as an absolute value (i.e., irrespective of sleep offset being either later or earlier on weekends), it was 63 min. Younger age, more socioeconomic disadvantage, currently being in employment, being a smoker, being male, being of non-white ethnicity and later chronotype were associated with greater differences in sleep offset between weekdays and weekend days. Greater differences in sleep offset timing were associated with age-independent small differences in cardiometabolic health indicators of BMI and diastolic blood pressure, but not HbA1c or systolic blood pressure. In a subset of participants with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus, weekday/weekend sleep offset differences were associated weakly with BMI, systolic blood pressure and physical activity. Overall, this study demonstrates potentially substantive differences in sleep offset timings between weekdays and weekends in a large sample of UK adults, and that such differences may have public health implications.

每天睡眠时间的变化越来越被认为是影响睡眠和一般身体健康的一个重要因素。每天睡眠时间变化的一个潜在驱动因素是“工作日”和周末不同的工作和社会责任。为了调查工作日/周末睡眠抵消时间差异的本质,我们检查了英国生物银行79161名成年参与者的活动记录,他们戴了一周的活动手表。研究发现,周末的睡眠偏移时间平均比工作日晚36分钟,当这种差异以绝对值表示时(即,无论周末的睡眠偏移时间是晚还是早),它是63分钟。年龄更小、社会经济劣势更大、目前有工作、吸烟、男性、非白人种族和较晚的睡眠类型与工作日和周末之间的睡眠偏移差异有关。睡眠补偿时间的较大差异与年龄无关的心脏代谢健康指标BMI和舒张压的微小差异有关,但与HbA1c或收缩压无关。在一部分2型糖尿病患者中,工作日/周末睡眠抵消差异与BMI、收缩压和体力活动的相关性较弱。总的来说,这项研究表明,在英国成年人的大量样本中,工作日和周末的睡眠抵消时间存在潜在的实质性差异,这种差异可能会对公共健康产生影响。
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引用次数: 2
Impact of Solid State Roadway Lighting on Melatonin in Humans. 固态道路照明对人体褪黑激素的影响。
IF 3.1 Q3 CLINICAL NEUROLOGY Pub Date : 2022-11-18 DOI: 10.3390/clockssleep4040049
Ronald B Gibbons, Rajaram Bhagavathula, Benjamin Warfield, George C Brainard, John P Hanifin

Introduction: In 2009, the World Health Organization identified vehicle crashes, both injury-related and fatal, as a public health hazard. Roadway lighting has long been used to reduce crashes and improve the safety of all road users. Ocular light exposure at night can suppress melatonin levels in humans. At sufficient light levels, all visible light wavelengths can elicit this response, but melatonin suppression is maximally sensitive to visible short wavelength light. With the conversion of roadway lighting to solid state sources that have a greater short wavelength spectrum than traditional sources, there is a potential negative health impact through suppressed melatonin levels to roadway users and those living close to the roadway. This paper presents data on the impact of outdoor roadway lighting on salivary melatonin in three cohorts of participants: drivers, pedestrians, and those experiencing light trespass in their homes.

Methods: In an outdoor naturalistic roadway environment, healthy participants (N = 29) each being assigned to a cohort of either pedestrian, driver, or light trespass experiment, were exposed to five different solid state light sources with differing spectral emissions and one no lighting condition. Salivary melatonin measurements were made under an average roadway luminance of 1.0 cd/m2 (IES RP-18 Roadway Lighting Requirements for expressway roads) with a corneal melanopic Equivalent Daylight Illuminances (EDI) ranging from 0.22 to 0.86 lux.

Results: The results indicate that compared to the no roadway lighting condition, the roadway light source spectral content did not significantly impact salivary melatonin levels in the participants in any of the cohorts.

Conclusions: These data show that recommended levels of street lighting for expressway roads do not elicit an acute suppression of salivary melatonin and suggest that the health benefit of roadway lighting for traffic safety is not compromised by an acute effect on salivary melatonin.

导言:2009年,世界卫生组织将与伤害有关和致命的车辆碰撞确定为一种公共卫生危害。长期以来,道路照明一直被用于减少交通事故和提高所有道路使用者的安全。夜间的眼部光照会抑制人体内的褪黑激素水平。在足够的光照水平下,所有可见光波长都能引起这种反应,但褪黑激素抑制对可见光短波长的光最敏感。随着道路照明转换为比传统光源具有更大短波长光谱的固态光源,通过抑制褪黑素水平对道路使用者和生活在道路附近的人产生潜在的负面健康影响。本文介绍了户外道路照明对三组参与者唾液褪黑素影响的数据:司机、行人和那些在家中经历光侵入的人。方法:在室外自然的道路环境中,健康参与者(N = 29)分别被分配到行人、司机或光侵入实验中,暴露于五种不同光谱发射的固体光源和一种无照明条件下。唾液褪黑素测量在平均道路亮度为1.0 cd/m2 (IES RP-18高速公路道路照明要求)下进行,角膜黑视等效日光照度(EDI)范围为0.22至0.86勒克斯。结果:结果表明,与没有道路照明条件相比,道路光源光谱含量对任何队列参与者的唾液褪黑激素水平都没有显著影响。结论:这些数据表明,高速公路的推荐街道照明水平不会引起唾液褪黑素的急性抑制,并且表明道路照明对交通安全的健康益处不会受到唾液褪黑素的急性影响。
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引用次数: 1
Recovery Sleep Immediately after Prolonged Sleep Deprivation Stimulates the Transcription of Integrated Stress Response-Related Genes in the Liver of Male Rats. 长时间睡眠剥夺后立即恢复睡眠刺激雄性大鼠肝脏综合应激反应相关基因的转录。
IF 3.1 Q3 CLINICAL NEUROLOGY Pub Date : 2022-11-09 DOI: 10.3390/clockssleep4040048
Keisuke Fukuoka, Yusuke Murata, Tomomi Otomaru, Masayoshi Mori, Kenji Ohe, Kazunori Mine, Munechika Enjoji

Sleep loss induces performance impairment and fatigue. The reactivation of human herpesvirus-6, which is related to the phosphorylation of eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2α (eIF2α), is one candidate for use as an objective biomarker of fatigue. Phosphorylated eIF2α is a key regulator in integrated stress response (ISR), an intracellular stress response system. However, the relation between sleep/sleep loss and ISR is unclear. The purpose of the current study was to evaluate the effect of prolonged sleep deprivation and recovery sleep on ISR-related gene expression in rat liver. Eight-week-old male Sprague-Dawley rats were subjected to a 96-hour sleep deprivation using a flowerpot technique. The rats were sacrificed, and the liver was collected immediately or 6 or 72 h after the end of the sleep deprivation. RT-qPCR was used to analyze the expression levels of ISR-related gene transcripts in the rat liver. The transcript levels of the Atf3, Ddit3, Hmox-1, and Ppp15a1r genes were markedly increased early in the recovery sleep period after the termination of sleep deprivation. These results indicate that both activation and inactivation of ISRs in the rat liver occur simultaneously in the early phase of recovery sleep.

睡眠不足会导致行为障碍和疲劳。人疱疹病毒-6的再激活与真核翻译起始因子2α (eIF2α)的磷酸化有关,是用作疲劳客观生物标志物的一个候选物。磷酸化的eIF2α是细胞内应激反应系统综合应激反应(integrated stress response, ISR)的关键调控因子。然而,睡眠/睡眠不足与ISR之间的关系尚不清楚。本研究旨在探讨长时间睡眠剥夺和恢复性睡眠对大鼠肝脏isr相关基因表达的影响。八周大的雄性Sprague-Dawley大鼠使用花盆技术进行了96小时的睡眠剥夺。处死大鼠,在剥夺睡眠结束后立即或6、72 h取肝。RT-qPCR分析大鼠肝脏中isr相关基因转录本的表达水平。Atf3、Ddit3、Hmox-1和Ppp15a1r基因转录水平在睡眠剥夺结束后的恢复期早期显著升高。这些结果表明,大鼠肝脏isr的激活和失活同时发生在恢复性睡眠的早期阶段。
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引用次数: 0
Impact of Evening Light Exposures with Different Solid Angles on Circadian Melatonin Rhythms, Alertness, and Visual Comfort in an Automotive Setting. 汽车环境下不同立体角夜间光照对褪黑素昼夜节律、警觉性和视觉舒适度的影响
IF 3.1 Q3 CLINICAL NEUROLOGY Pub Date : 2022-10-26 DOI: 10.3390/clockssleep4040047
Michael Weng, Isabel Schöllhorn, Maryia Kazhura, Brian B Cardini, Oliver Stefani

Future automotive interior lighting might have the potential to go beyond decorative purposes by influencing alertness, circadian physiology, and sleep. As the available space in the interior of an automobile for lighting applications is limited, understanding the impact of various luminous surface sizes on non-image-forming effects is fundamental in this field. In a laboratory study using a within-subject design, 18 participants were exposed to two bright light conditions with different solid angles and one dim light condition in a balanced, randomized order during the course of the evening. Our results demonstrate that both light conditions significantly increased subjective alertness and reduced salivary melatonin concentration but not cognitive performance compared to dim light. The solid angle of light exposure at constant corneal illuminance only affected visual comfort. While subjective alertness can be increased and melatonin can be attenuated with rather small luminaires, larger solid angles should be considered if visual comfort is a priority.

未来的汽车内部照明可能会通过影响警觉性、昼夜生理和睡眠来超越装饰目的。由于汽车内部用于照明的可用空间有限,因此了解不同发光表面尺寸对非图像形成效果的影响是该领域的基础。在一项采用受试者内部设计的实验室研究中,18名参与者在晚上以平衡、随机的顺序暴露在两种不同立体角的强光条件下和一种昏暗的光线条件下。我们的研究结果表明,与昏暗的光线相比,两种光照条件都显著提高了主观警觉性,降低了唾液褪黑素浓度,但没有提高认知能力。在恒定的角膜照度下,光照射的立体角只影响视觉舒适。虽然较小的灯具可以增加主观警觉性,褪黑素可以减弱,但如果视觉舒适是优先考虑的,则应考虑较大的立体角。
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引用次数: 1
Associations among Alcohol Drinking, Smoking, and Nonrestorative Sleep: A Population-Based Study in Japan. 饮酒、吸烟和非恢复性睡眠之间的关系:日本一项基于人群的研究
IF 3.1 Q3 CLINICAL NEUROLOGY Pub Date : 2022-10-24 DOI: 10.3390/clockssleep4040046
Yuichiro Otsuka, Ohki Takeshima, Osamu Itani, Yuuki Matsumoto, Yoshitaka Kaneita

Nonrestorative sleep (NRS) is a common sleep disorder. It is associated with several unhealthy lifestyle factors, such as skipping breakfast and lack of exercise. However, the associations between alcohol drinking, smoking, and NRS are unclear. This study examined the prevalence of NRS within the Japanese general population and the relationships among alcohol drinking, smoking, and NRS. We analyzed an anonymized dataset from a 2013 nationwide population survey (35,717 men and 39,911 women). NRS was assessed through a single-item question, and socio-demographic and lifestyle factors were assessed through self-reports. Multivariable logistic regression analyses were used to examine the associations between alcohol drinking, smoking, and NRS. The total prevalence of NRS was 22.2% (95% CI 21.8-22.7) in men and 23.4% (95% CI 23.0-23.8) in women. Further, we found that sleep duration and prevalence of NRS shared an inverse J-shaped relationship. Heavy alcohol drinking was significantly associated with NRS in both sexes. Short sleep duration and certain socioeconomic factors modified the effect of smoking on NRS in men. These results could be useful in the development of more effective sleep health policies to establish better sleep hygiene.

非恢复性睡眠(NRS)是一种常见的睡眠障碍。它与几种不健康的生活方式因素有关,比如不吃早餐和缺乏锻炼。然而,饮酒、吸烟和NRS之间的关系尚不清楚。本研究调查了日本普通人群中NRS的患病率以及饮酒、吸烟与NRS之间的关系。我们分析了2013年全国人口调查的匿名数据集(35,717名男性和39,911名女性)。NRS通过单项问题进行评估,社会人口和生活方式因素通过自我报告进行评估。多变量logistic回归分析用于检验饮酒、吸烟和NRS之间的关系。NRS的总患病率男性为22.2% (95% CI 21.8-22.7),女性为23.4% (95% CI 23.0-23.8)。此外,我们发现睡眠时间和NRS患病率呈反j型关系。在两性中,大量饮酒与NRS显著相关。短睡眠时间和某些社会经济因素改变了吸烟对男性NRS的影响。这些结果可能有助于制定更有效的睡眠健康政策,以建立更好的睡眠卫生。
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引用次数: 2
NREM Sleep Parasomnias Commencing in Childhood: Trauma and Atopy as Perpetuating Factors. 始于儿童期的 NREM 睡眠妄想症:创伤和过敏是诱发因素
IF 2.1 Q3 CLINICAL NEUROLOGY Pub Date : 2022-10-17 DOI: 10.3390/clockssleep4040043
Cara Walsh, Lee Mitchell, Maria Hrozanova, Serafeim-Chrysovalantis Kotoulas, Christopher Derry, Ian Morrison, Renata L Riha

Objective/Background: Phenotyping of non-rapid-eye-movement (NREM) parasomnias is currently poorly undertaken. This study aimed to determine whether there are differences phenotypically among childhood-, adolescent-, and adult-onset NREM parasomnias continuing into and presenting in adulthood. Patients/Methods: A retrospective, cohort study of patients presenting with NREM parasomnia between 2008 and 2019 (n = 307) was conducted. Disorders included sleepwalking (n = 231), night terrors (n = 150), sexualised behaviour in sleep (n = 50), and sleep-related eating disorder (n = 28). Results: Compared to the adult-onset NREM behaviours group, the childhood- and adolescent-onset groups were more likely to have a family history of NREM behaviours (p < 0.001), experience a greater spectrum of NREM disorders (p = 0.001), and report a history of sleep-talking significantly more frequently (p = 0.014). Atopy was most prevalent in the childhood-onset group (p = 0.001). Those with childhood-onset NREM parasomnias were significantly more likely to arouse from N3 sleep on video polysomnography (p = 0.0003). Psychiatric disorders were more likely to be comorbid in the adult-onset group (p = 0.012). A history of trauma coinciding with onset of NREM behaviours was significantly more common in the childhood- and adolescent-onset groups (p < 0.001). Conclusions: Significant differences exist across childhood-, adolescent-, and adult-onset NREM parasomnia presenting in adulthood. This study suggests that adult-onset slow-wave sleep disorders may be confounded by psychiatric disorders resulting in nocturnal sleep disruption and that unresolved traumatic life experiences perpetuate NREM disorders arising in childhood and comprise one of the strongest external risk factors for triggering and perpetuating these disorders in adolescence.

目的/背景:目前,非快速眼动(NREM)寄生虫的表型研究很少。本研究旨在确定儿童期、青少年期和成年期发病的非快速眼动(NREM)寄生虫病在表型上是否存在差异。患者/方法:对 2008 年至 2019 年期间出现 NREM 寄生虫病的患者(n = 307)进行了一项回顾性队列研究。疾病包括梦游(n = 231)、夜惊(n = 150)、睡眠中的性行为(n = 50)和睡眠相关饮食紊乱(n = 28)。研究结果与成人非快速眼动行为组相比,儿童和青少年非快速眼动行为组更有可能有非快速眼动行为家族史(p < 0.001),经历的非快速眼动障碍范围更大(p = 0.001),报告梦话史的频率更高(p = 0.014)。儿童期发病组中,过敏性鼻炎的发病率最高(p = 0.001)。患有儿童期NREM寄生虫病的患者在视频多导睡眠图上从N3睡眠中唤醒的几率明显更高(p = 0.0003)。成人发病组更有可能合并精神疾病(p = 0.012)。在儿童和青少年发病组中,在NREM行为开始的同时有外伤史的患者明显较多(p < 0.001)。结论儿童期、青少年期和成年期发病的 NREM 寄生虫性失眠症在成年后表现出显著差异。这项研究表明,成年后发病的慢波睡眠障碍可能与导致夜间睡眠中断的精神障碍有关,而未解决的创伤性生活经历会使童年时期出现的 NREM 障碍持续存在,并且是引发这些障碍并使其在青少年时期持续存在的最主要外部风险因素之一。
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引用次数: 0
Sleep Habits in Pairs of Japanese High School Students and Their Mothers in Summer and Autumn. 日本中学生及其母亲夏秋两季睡眠习惯调查
IF 3.1 Q3 CLINICAL NEUROLOGY Pub Date : 2022-09-28 DOI: 10.3390/clockssleep4040041
Koh Mizuno, Kazue Okamoto-Mizuno, Akiko Maeda

This study aimed to examine the sleep habits in pairs of Japanese high school students and their mothers in the summer and autumn. Nineteen pairs of high school students and their mothers participated in this study. Wrist actigraphy, subjective sleep evaluations, and bedroom environmental measurements (temperature, humidity, and light) were performed for a duration of one week. The results of a split-plot analysis of variance revealed no significant difference in the actigraphically evaluated time spent in bed (TIB) between the seasons and between the mothers and students. The TIB was approximately 6 h on weekdays, and significantly lengthened to approximately 7 h on weekends (p < 0.05). The average sleep efficiency values recorded were higher than 90%. The mothers showed significantly advanced sleep phases compared to those of the students (p < 0.05). In addition, the waking time on Monday morning was significantly correlated between the mothers and students in the summer and autumn (p < 0.05). A perceived sleep loss “almost every day” or “several times per week” was reported by approximately half of the mothers and students in each season. The students occasionally fell into nocturnal sleep with the room light turned on. These results suggest that sleep hygiene education considering life habit characteristics is required to ensure sufficient sleep time.

这项研究旨在调查日本高中生和他们的母亲在夏季和秋季的睡眠习惯。19对高中生和他们的母亲参加了这项研究。腕关节活动记录仪、主观睡眠评估和卧室环境测量(温度、湿度和光线)持续一周。分裂图方差分析的结果显示,不同季节和母亲与学生在床上花费的活动评估时间(TIB)没有显著差异。工作日TIB约为6 h,周末TIB显著延长至7 h左右(p < 0.05)。记录的平均睡眠效率值高于90%。与学生相比,母亲的睡眠阶段明显提前(p < 0.05)。此外,夏季和秋季母亲与学生周一早晨起床时间显著相关(p < 0.05)。在每个季节,大约一半的母亲和学生报告说,他们“几乎每天”或“每周几次”感到睡眠不足。学生们偶尔会开着房间的灯睡着。这些结果表明,需要考虑生活习惯特征的睡眠卫生教育,以确保充足的睡眠时间。
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引用次数: 0
The Impact of Missing Data and Imputation Methods on the Analysis of 24-Hour Activity Patterns. 缺失数据对24小时活动模式分析的影响及估算方法
IF 3.1 Q3 CLINICAL NEUROLOGY Pub Date : 2022-09-27 DOI: 10.3390/clockssleep4040039
Lara Weed, Renske Lok, Dwijen Chawra, Jamie Zeitzer

The purpose of this study is to characterize the impact of the timing and duration of missing actigraphy data on interdaily stability (IS) and intradaily variability (IV) calculation. The performance of three missing data imputation methods (linear interpolation, mean time of day (ToD), and median ToD imputation) for estimating IV and IS was also tested. Week-long actigraphy records with no non-wear or missing timeseries data were masked with zeros or 'Not a Number' (NaN) across a range of timings and durations for single and multiple missing data bouts. IV and IS were calculated for true, masked, and imputed (i.e., linear interpolation, mean ToD and, median ToD imputation) timeseries data and used to generate Bland-Alman plots for each condition. Heatmaps were used to analyze the impact of timings and durations of and between bouts. Simulated missing data produced deviations in IV and IS for longer durations, midday crossings, and during similar timing on consecutive days. Median ToD imputation produced the least deviation among the imputation methods. Median ToD imputation is recommended to recapitulate IV and IS under missing data conditions for less than 24 h.

本研究的目的是表征失活数据的时间和持续时间对日间稳定性(is)和日内变异性(IV)计算的影响。对三种缺失数据插值方法(线性插值、平均时间(ToD)和中位数ToD插值)估计IV和IS的性能也进行了测试。对于单个和多个丢失的数据轮,在一系列时间和持续时间内,没有无磨损或丢失时间序列数据的一周活动记录被零或“非数字”(NaN)掩盖。IV和IS分别对真实、掩码和输入(即线性插值、平均ToD和中位数ToD输入)时间序列数据进行计算,并用于生成每种条件下的Bland-Alman图。使用热图来分析比赛时间和持续时间的影响。模拟的缺失数据产生了IV和IS的偏差,持续时间更长,中午交叉,以及在连续几天的类似时间。中位数ToD法在各方法中产生的偏差最小。在数据缺失的情况下,建议用ToD中位数补插来概括IV和is少于24小时。
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引用次数: 5
Effects of One Night of Forced Wakefulness on Morning Resting Blood Pressure in Humans: The Role of Biological Sex and Weight Status. 强迫清醒一晚对人类早晨静息血压的影响:生理性别和体重状况的作用。
IF 3.1 Q3 CLINICAL NEUROLOGY Pub Date : 2022-09-14 DOI: 10.3390/clockssleep4030036
Lieve T van Egmond, Pei Xue, Elisa M S Meth, Maria Ilemosoglou, Joachim Engström, Christian Benedict

Permanent night shift work is associated with adverse health effects, including elevated blood pressure (BP) and hypertension. Here, we examined the BP response to one night of forced wakefulness in a sitting position in a cohort without night shift work experience. According to a counterbalanced crossover design, 47 young adults with either obesity (N = 22; 10 women) or normal weight (N = 25; 11 women) participated in one night of sleep and one night of forced wakefulness under in-laboratory conditions. Resting ankle and brachial arterial BP were assessed in the morning, i.e., the time of the day when adverse cardiovascular events peak. After forced wakefulness, diastolic and mean arterial BP were ~4 mmHg higher at the ankle site and ~3 mmHg higher at the brachial site than after regular sleep (p < 0.05). The increase in BP following overnight forced wakefulness was more pronounced among men vs. women and more significant for diastolic BP at both sites among participants with normal weight vs. those with obesity. If confirmed in larger cohorts, including 24 h BP monitoring, people with occupations involving night shifts might benefit from regular BP monitoring. Particular attention should be paid to possible sex- and weight-specific effects of night shift work on BP.

长期夜班工作会对健康产生不利影响,包括血压升高和高血压。在这里,我们研究了一组没有夜班工作经验的人在坐着被迫清醒一晚后的血压反应。根据平衡交叉设计,47名肥胖的年轻人(N = 22;10名女性)或正常体重(N = 25;11名女性)在实验室条件下参加了一个晚上的睡眠和一个晚上的强迫清醒。静息踝关节和肱动脉血压在早晨评估,即一天中心血管不良事件高峰的时间。强迫清醒后,与常规睡眠相比,踝关节舒张压和平均动脉压分别升高约4 mmHg和约3 mmHg (p < 0.05)。一夜强迫清醒后血压的升高在男性和女性中更为明显,在体重正常的参与者和肥胖的参与者中,两个部位的舒张压的升高更为显著。如果在更大的队列中得到证实,包括24小时血压监测,从事夜班工作的人可能会从定期血压监测中受益。应特别注意夜班工作对BP可能产生的性别和体重特异性影响。
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引用次数: 1
The Effect of Light Therapy on Electroencephalographic Sleep in Sleep and Circadian Rhythm Disorders: A Scoping Review. 光疗对睡眠和昼夜节律障碍患者脑电图睡眠的影响:范围综述。
IF 3.1 Q3 CLINICAL NEUROLOGY Pub Date : 2022-08-09 DOI: 10.3390/clockssleep4030030
Teha B Pun, Craig L Phillips, Nathaniel S Marshall, Maria Comas, Camilla M Hoyos, Angela L D'Rozario, Delwyn J Bartlett, Wendy Davis, Wenye Hu, Sharon L Naismith, Sean Cain, Svetlana Postnova, Ron R Grunstein, Christopher J Gordon

Light therapy is used to treat sleep and circadian rhythm disorders, yet there are limited studies on whether light therapy impacts electroencephalographic (EEG) activity during sleep. Therefore, we aimed to provide an overview of research studies that examined the effects of light therapy on sleep macro- and micro-architecture in populations with sleep and circadian rhythm disorders. We searched for randomized controlled trials that used light therapy and included EEG sleep measures using MEDLINE, PubMed, CINAHL, PsycINFO and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials databases. Five articles met the inclusion criteria of patients with either insomnia or delayed sleep−wake phase disorder (DSWPD). These trials reported sleep macro-architecture outcomes using EEG or polysomnography. Three insomnia trials showed no effect of the timing or intensity of light therapy on total sleep time, wake after sleep onset, sleep efficiency and sleep stage duration compared to controls. Only one insomnia trial reported significantly higher sleep efficiency after evening light therapy (>4000 lx between 21:00−23:00 h) compared with afternoon light therapy (>4000 lx between 15:00−17:00 h). In the only DSWPD trial, six multiple sleep latency tests were conducted across the day (09:00 and 19:00 h) and bright light (2500 lx) significantly lengthened sleep latency in the morning (09:00 and 11:00 h) compared to control light (300 lx). None of the five trials reported any sleep micro-architecture measures. Overall, there was limited research about the effect of light therapy on EEG sleep measures, and studies were confined to patients with insomnia and DSWPD only. More research is needed to better understand whether lighting interventions in clinical populations affect sleep macro- and micro-architecture and objective sleep timing and quality.

光疗法用于治疗睡眠和昼夜节律障碍,但关于光疗法是否影响睡眠期间脑电图(EEG)活动的研究有限。因此,我们的目的是提供研究综述,以检查光疗对睡眠和昼夜节律障碍人群的睡眠宏观和微观结构的影响。我们使用MEDLINE、PubMed、CINAHL、PsycINFO和Cochrane Central Register of controlled trials数据库检索了使用光疗的随机对照试验,并包括脑电图睡眠测量。5篇文章符合失眠或延迟性睡眠-觉醒相障碍(DSWPD)患者的纳入标准。这些试验报告了使用脑电图或多导睡眠图的睡眠宏观结构结果。三项失眠试验显示,与对照组相比,光疗的时间或强度对总睡眠时间、睡眠后醒来、睡眠效率和睡眠阶段持续时间没有影响。只有一项失眠试验报告夜间光照治疗后的睡眠效率(在21:00 - 23:00 h之间>4000 lx)明显高于下午光照治疗后的睡眠效率(在15:00 - 17:00 h之间>4000 lx)。在唯一的DSWPD试验中,全天(09:00 - 19:00 h)进行了六次多次睡眠潜伏期测试,与对照光照(300 lx)相比,明亮的光照(2500 lx)显著延长了早晨(09:00 - 11:00 h)的睡眠潜伏期。五项试验均未报告任何睡眠微结构测量。总的来说,关于光疗对脑电图睡眠测量的影响的研究有限,而且研究仅限于失眠和DSWPD患者。需要更多的研究来更好地了解临床人群的照明干预是否会影响睡眠的宏观和微观结构以及客观睡眠时间和质量。
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引用次数: 1
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Clocks & Sleep
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