Pub Date : 2025-09-01DOI: 10.1016/j.dcmed.2025.09.012
Ruiyao XIONG , Shuang CHEN , Zihao DAI , Limin GONG
Objective
To analyze the chemical constituents of Shanxiangyuanye (Turpiniae Folium) through liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method, and to evaluate their anti-oxidant, hypoglycemic, and anti-glycation activities related to diabetic complications.
Methods
The supernatant of Shanxiangyuanye (Turpiniae Folium) (TFS), obtained following water extraction and alcohol precipitation, was analyzed by LC-MS/MS. Antioxidant activity of TFS in vitro was evaluated using three experimental approaches: the 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging assay, the 2,2’-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS+) radical cation decolorization assay, and the hydroxyl (·OH) radical scavenging assay. To comprehensively evaluate hypoglycemic potential, α-glucosidase inhibition was measured to analyze in vitro hypoglycemic activity. Subsequently, in vitro models were developed to examine anti-glycation activity through the bovine serum albumin (BSA)-fructose (Fru), BSA-methylglyoxal (MGO), BSA-glyoxal (GO), and D-arginine (Arg)-MGO systems, with particular attention to the inhibitory effects of TFS. Furthermore, the concentrations of fructosamine, protein carbonyls, sulfhydryl groups, and β-amyloid in the glycation solution were quantified using the BSA-Fru model following 7-d of incubation at 37 °C.
Results
Using LC-MS/MS analysis in both positive and negative ion modes, we identified 750 chemical components in TFS, primarily including organic acids, amino acids, and their derivatives. In vitro activity studies demonstrated that TFS exhibited remarkable free radical scavenging capacity, with half-maximal inhibitory concentrations (IC50) of 0.47, 1.56, and 0.36 mg/mL against DPPH, ABTS+, and ·OH radicals, respectively. Regarding hypoglycemic activity, TFS dose-dependently inhibited α-glucosidase activity (IC50 = 0.21 mg/mL), displaying comparable efficacy to the clinical drug acarbose (IC50 = 0.23 mg/mL). Notably, TFS intervened in the glycation process: IC50 values were 0.22, 1.91 – 4.96, and 4.09 mg/mL in the BSA-Fru, BSA-MGO/GO, and Arg-MGO models, respectively, with the most prominent inhibitory effects observed in the BSA-Fru model. Furthermore, although TFS may not effectively preserve thiol groups in BSA or reduce thiol oxidation during glycation, it significantly reduces fructosamine levels (in a dose-dependent manner), decreases β-amyloid formation, and inhibits protein carbonylation (P < 0.000 1).
Conclusion
The findings demonstrate that TFS exhibits a complex chemical composition with potent antioxidant, hypoglycemic, and anti-glycation activities. These results provide compelling scientific evidence supporting TFS’s potential as a natural adjuvant for diabetes prevention and complication mana
{"title":"Shanxiangyuanye (Turpiniae Folium) for diabetic complications: chemical constituents and therapeutic potential","authors":"Ruiyao XIONG , Shuang CHEN , Zihao DAI , Limin GONG","doi":"10.1016/j.dcmed.2025.09.012","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dcmed.2025.09.012","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>To analyze the chemical constituents of Shanxiangyuanye (Turpiniae Folium) through liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method, and to evaluate their anti-oxidant, hypoglycemic, and anti-glycation activities related to diabetic complications.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>The supernatant of Shanxiangyuanye (Turpiniae Folium) (TFS), obtained following water extraction and alcohol precipitation, was analyzed by LC-MS/MS. Antioxidant activity of TFS <em>in vitro</em> was evaluated using three experimental approaches: the 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging assay, the 2,2’-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS<sup>+</sup>) radical cation decolorization assay, and the hydroxyl (·OH) radical scavenging assay. To comprehensively evaluate hypoglycemic potential, α-glucosidase inhibition was measured to analyze <em>in vitro</em> hypoglycemic activity. Subsequently, <em>in vitro</em> models were developed to examine anti-glycation activity through the bovine serum albumin (BSA)-fructose (Fru), BSA-methylglyoxal (MGO), BSA-glyoxal (GO), and D-arginine (Arg)-MGO systems, with particular attention to the inhibitory effects of TFS. Furthermore, the concentrations of fructosamine, protein carbonyls, sulfhydryl groups, and β-amyloid in the glycation solution were quantified using the BSA-Fru model following 7-d of incubation at 37 °C.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Using LC-MS/MS analysis in both positive and negative ion modes, we identified 750 chemical components in TFS, primarily including organic acids, amino acids, and their derivatives. <em>In vitro</em> activity studies demonstrated that TFS exhibited remarkable free radical scavenging capacity, with half-maximal inhibitory concentrations (IC<sub>50</sub>) of 0.47, 1.56, and 0.36 mg/mL against DPPH, ABTS<sup>+</sup>, and ·OH radicals, respectively. Regarding hypoglycemic activity, TFS dose-dependently inhibited α-glucosidase activity (IC<sub>50</sub> = 0.21 mg/mL), displaying comparable efficacy to the clinical drug acarbose (IC<sub>50</sub> = 0.23 mg/mL). Notably, TFS intervened in the glycation process: IC<sub>50</sub> values were 0.22, 1.91 – 4.96, and 4.09 mg/mL in the BSA-Fru, BSA-MGO/GO, and Arg-MGO models, respectively, with the most prominent inhibitory effects observed in the BSA-Fru model. Furthermore, although TFS may not effectively preserve thiol groups in BSA or reduce thiol oxidation during glycation, it significantly reduces fructosamine levels (in a dose-dependent manner), decreases β-amyloid formation, and inhibits protein carbonylation (<em>P</em> < 0.000 1).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>The findings demonstrate that TFS exhibits a complex chemical composition with potent antioxidant, hypoglycemic, and anti-glycation activities. These results provide compelling scientific evidence supporting TFS’s potential as a natural adjuvant for diabetes prevention and complication mana","PeriodicalId":33578,"journal":{"name":"Digital Chinese Medicine","volume":"8 3","pages":"Pages 413-424"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145420322","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
To map the research hotspots, developmental trends, and existing challenges in the integration of artificial intelligence (AI) with multi-omics in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) through comprehensive bibliometric analysis.
Methods
China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Wanfang Data, China Science and Technology Journal Database (VIP), Chaoxing Journal Database, PubMed, and Web of Science were searched to collect literature on the theme of AI in TCM multi-omics research from the inception of each database to December 31, 2024. Eligible records were required to simultaneously address AI, TCM, and multi-omics. Quantitative and visual analyses of publication growth, core authorship networks, institutional collaboration patterns, and keyword co-occurrence were performed using Microsoft Excel 2021, NoteExpress v4.0.0, and Cite Space 6.3.R1. AI application modes in TCM multi-omics research were also categorized and summarized.
Results
A total of 1 106 articles were enrolled (932 Chinese and 174 English). Publication output has increased continuously since 2010 and accelerated after 2016. Region-specific collaboration clusters were identified, dominated by Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, and Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine. Keyword co-occurrence analysis revealed that current AI applications predominantly centered on metabolomics and algorithms such as cluster analysis and data mining. Research foci mainly ranked as follows: single herbs, herbal formulae, and disease-syndrome differentiation.
Conclusion
Machine learning methods are the predominant integrative modality of AI in the realm of TCM multi-omics research at present, utilized for processing omics data and uncovering latent patterns therein. The domain of TCM, in addition to investigating omics information procured through high-throughput technologies, also integrates data on traditional Chinese medicinal substances and clinical phenotypes, progressing towards joint analysis of multi-omics, high-dimensionality of data, and multi-modality of information. Deep learning approaches represent an emerging trend in the field.
目的通过综合文献计量分析，了解人工智能（AI）与中医多组学融合的研究热点、发展趋势及存在的挑战。方法检索中国知网（CNKI）、万方数据、中国科技期刊数据库（VIP）、超星期刊数据库、PubMed、Web of Science，收集各数据库自建库至2024年12月31日人工智能在中医多组学研究中的相关文献。符合条件的记录需要同时处理人工智能、中医和多组学。使用Microsoft Excel 2021、NoteExpress v4.0.0和Cite Space 6.3.R1对论文发表增长、核心作者网络、机构合作模式和关键词共现进行定量和可视化分析。对人工智能在中医多组学研究中的应用模式进行了分类和总结。结果共纳入文献1 106篇，其中中文文献932篇，英文文献174篇。2010年以来，出版物产量持续增长，2016年以后增速加快。区域协作集群以北京中医药大学、中国中医药科学院、上海中医药大学和南京中医药大学为主。关键词共现分析显示，目前的人工智能应用主要集中在代谢组学和聚类分析、数据挖掘等算法上。研究重点主要有：单药、方剂、病证辨证。结论机器学习方法是目前人工智能在中医多组学研究领域的主要整合方式，用于处理组学数据并揭示其中的潜在规律。中医药领域除了研究通过高通量技术获取的组学信息外，还整合了中药材和临床表型的数据，朝着多组学、数据高维、信息多模态的联合分析方向发展。深度学习方法代表了该领域的一个新兴趋势。
{"title":"Advances and prospects of the integration of multi-omics and artificial intelligence in traditional Chinese medicine research","authors":"L.I.U. Guicheng , L.O.N.G. Xi , P.E.N.G. Qinghua , T.I.A.N. Sainan , H.U. Shujuan","doi":"10.1016/j.dcmed.2025.09.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dcmed.2025.09.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>To map the research hotspots, developmental trends, and existing challenges in the integration of artificial intelligence (AI) with multi-omics in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) through comprehensive bibliometric analysis.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Wanfang Data, China Science and Technology Journal Database (VIP), Chaoxing Journal Database, PubMed, and Web of Science were searched to collect literature on the theme of AI in TCM multi-omics research from the inception of each database to December 31, 2024. Eligible records were required to simultaneously address AI, TCM, and multi-omics. Quantitative and visual analyses of publication growth, core authorship networks, institutional collaboration patterns, and keyword co-occurrence were performed using Microsoft Excel 2021, NoteExpress v4.0.0, and Cite Space 6.3.R1. AI application modes in TCM multi-omics research were also categorized and summarized.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>A total of 1 106 articles were enrolled (932 Chinese and 174 English). Publication output has increased continuously since 2010 and accelerated after 2016. Region-specific collaboration clusters were identified, dominated by Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, and Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine. Keyword co-occurrence analysis revealed that current AI applications predominantly centered on metabolomics and algorithms such as cluster analysis and data mining. Research foci mainly ranked as follows: single herbs, herbal formulae, and disease-syndrome differentiation.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Machine learning methods are the predominant integrative modality of AI in the realm of TCM multi-omics research at present, utilized for processing omics data and uncovering latent patterns therein. The domain of TCM, in addition to investigating omics information procured through high-throughput technologies, also integrates data on traditional Chinese medicinal substances and clinical phenotypes, progressing towards joint analysis of multi-omics, high-dimensionality of data, and multi-modality of information. Deep learning approaches represent an emerging trend in the field.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":33578,"journal":{"name":"Digital Chinese Medicine","volume":"8 3","pages":"Pages 300-312"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145420418","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-09-01DOI: 10.1016/j.dcmed.2025.09.011
Gabriela Adriana Martínez-Martínez , Xavier Anaya-Reza , Martha Alicia Ballinas-Verdugo , José Eduardo Justo-Frausto , Sergio Rafael Carrillo-Patiño , Juan Fernando Montes-García , Alejandra Isabel Ortega-Meléndez , Nubia Denise Nieto-Vargas , Rogelio Frank Jiménez-Ortega
Objective
To perform an in silico bioinformatics analysis to identify differentially expressed microRNAs (miRNAs) implicated in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) pathogenesis and evaluate their potential as biomarkers for assessing therapeutic efficacy and monitoring acupuncture treatment.
Methods
miRNA microarray data (CEL and TXT formats) were acquired from human and murine RA models, with the latter undergoing acupuncture treatment. Data were normalized using the robust multi-array average (RMA) method and analyzed for differential expression. Differential expression analysis identified miRNAs through a comparative analysis of RA human tissues, acupuncture-treated murine RA models, and a bibliographic search for miRNAs implicated in RA pathogenesis and acupuncture treatment. Bioinformatics analysis was performed to identify potential target genes for each miRNA and signaling pathways via search tools for the Retrieval of Interacting Genes/Proteins (STRING) and ShinyGO. Gene-drug interaction analysis was performed through Drug-Gene Interaction Database (DGIdb) screening. Interaction networks were constructed with the Cytoscape v3.10.3 software.
Results
The hsa-miR-125a-5p and hsa-miR-125b-5p were identified as potential biomarkers associated with RA pathogenesis, presenting 468 and 455 target genes, respectively. These genes were enriched in 20 signaling pathways, including Janus kinasa-signal transducer and activator of transcription (JAK-STAT), mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), phosphoinositide 3-kinase-protein kinase B (PI3K-Akt), and nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB) signaling pathway, which have been associated with RA pathogenesis and progression. Drug-gene interaction networks revealed that 22 genes were significantly associated with 58 RA treatment drugs, among which 13 genes interacted with members of the hsa-miR-125 family.
Conclusion
The hsa-miR-125a-5p and hsa-miR-125b-5p demonstrate critical regulatory role in RA pathogenesis by modulating signaling pathways, including JAK-STAT, MAPK, PI3K-Akt, and NF-κB. Our findings show that the hsa-miR-125a-5p and hsa-miR-125b-5p exhibit differential expression patterns in response to pharmacological intervention in various diseases, including RA management. This suggests their potential roles as biomarkers for monitoring acupuncture treatment. Although existing evidence indicates that acupuncture can modify miRNA expression profiles, rigorous validation through biological models remains essential to confirm these results.
{"title":"In silico evaluation of hsa-miR-125a-5p and hsa-miR-125b-5p as potential biomarkers for monitoring acupuncture treatment in rheumatoid arthritis","authors":"Gabriela Adriana Martínez-Martínez , Xavier Anaya-Reza , Martha Alicia Ballinas-Verdugo , José Eduardo Justo-Frausto , Sergio Rafael Carrillo-Patiño , Juan Fernando Montes-García , Alejandra Isabel Ortega-Meléndez , Nubia Denise Nieto-Vargas , Rogelio Frank Jiménez-Ortega","doi":"10.1016/j.dcmed.2025.09.011","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dcmed.2025.09.011","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>To perform an <em>in silico</em> bioinformatics analysis to identify differentially expressed microRNAs (miRNAs) implicated in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) pathogenesis and evaluate their potential as biomarkers for assessing therapeutic efficacy and monitoring acupuncture treatment.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>miRNA microarray data (CEL and TXT formats) were acquired from human and murine RA models, with the latter undergoing acupuncture treatment. Data were normalized using the robust multi-array average (RMA) method and analyzed for differential expression. Differential expression analysis identified miRNAs through a comparative analysis of RA human tissues, acupuncture-treated murine RA models, and a bibliographic search for miRNAs implicated in RA pathogenesis and acupuncture treatment. Bioinformatics analysis was performed to identify potential target genes for each miRNA and signaling pathways via search tools for the Retrieval of Interacting Genes/Proteins (STRING) and ShinyGO. Gene-drug interaction analysis was performed through Drug-Gene Interaction Database (DGIdb) screening. Interaction networks were constructed with the Cytoscape v3.10.3 software.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The hsa-miR-125a-5p and hsa-miR-125b-5p were identified as potential biomarkers associated with RA pathogenesis, presenting 468 and 455 target genes, respectively. These genes were enriched in 20 signaling pathways, including Janus kinasa-signal transducer and activator of transcription (JAK-STAT), mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), phosphoinositide 3-kinase-protein kinase B (PI3K-Akt), and nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB) signaling pathway, which have been associated with RA pathogenesis and progression. Drug-gene interaction networks revealed that 22 genes were significantly associated with 58 RA treatment drugs, among which 13 genes interacted with members of the hsa-miR-125 family.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>The hsa-miR-125a-5p and hsa-miR-125b-5p demonstrate critical regulatory role in RA pathogenesis by modulating signaling pathways, including JAK-STAT, MAPK, PI3K-Akt, and NF-κB. Our findings show that the hsa-miR-125a-5p and hsa-miR-125b-5p exhibit differential expression patterns in response to pharmacological intervention in various diseases, including RA management. This suggests their potential roles as biomarkers for monitoring acupuncture treatment. Although existing evidence indicates that acupuncture can modify miRNA expression profiles, rigorous validation through biological models remains essential to confirm these results.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":33578,"journal":{"name":"Digital Chinese Medicine","volume":"8 3","pages":"Pages 400-412"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145420321","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-06-01DOI: 10.1016/j.dcmed.2025.05.011
Liya Tang , Qirui Qu , Jincan Liu , Ming Xu , Lu Zhou , Qiong Liu , Kun Ai
<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>To elucidate the potential mechanisms of electroacupuncture (EA) in restoring detrusor-bladder neck dyssynergia (DBND) following suprasacral spinal cord injury (SSCI).</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A total of 52 specific pathogen-free (SPF) grade famale Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats (10 – 12 weeks, 250 – 280 g) were randomly assigned to either a sham group (<em>n</em> = 12) or a spinal cord injury model group (<em>n</em> = 40). In the model group, DBND was induced through Hassan Shaker spinal cord transection at T10 level, with 24 rats meeting inclusion criteria and subsequently randomized into DBND group (<em>n</em> = 12) and EA intervention group (DBND + EA group, <em>n</em> = 12). After spinal shock recovery (day 19 after modeling), DBND + EA group received EA treatment at Ciliao (BL32), Zhongji (RN3), and Sanyinjiao (SP6) acupoints for 20 min per session at 10/50 Hz frequencies, once daily for 10 d. Sham and DBND groups received anesthesia only without EA intervention. On day 29 post-modeling, all rats underwent urodynamic assessments, followed by hematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining, tandem mass tag (TMT) proteomics, and Western blot (WB) analysis of detrusor and bladder neck tissues. Differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) were defined as proteins with <em>P</em> < 0.05, unique peptides ≥ 2, and fold change > 1.2 or < 0.83. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis was performed using KOBAS 3.0 (<em>P</em> < 0.01), and protein-protein interaction (PPI) networks were analyzed using Search Tool for the Retrieval of Interacting Genes/Proteins (STRING) 11.5 and Cytoscape 3.9.1.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Compared with sham group, DBND group showed significantly elevated leak point pressure (LPP) and maximum cystometric capacity (MCC) (both <em>P</em> < 0.01). EA treatment significantly reduced both LPP and MCC compared with DBND group (<em>P</em> < 0.01 and <em>P</em> < 0.05, respectively). HE staining revealed that EA reduced detrusor fibrosis and improved bladder neck inflammation. TMT proteomics identified 30 overlapping DEPs in detrusor and 59 overlapping DEPs in bladder neck when comparing DBND + EA/DBND groups with sham group. In detrusor tissue, KEGG analysis revealed 10 significantly enriched pathways (<em>P</em> < 0.01), including mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway. PPI analysis showed 22 of 30 DEPs were interconnected. In bladder neck tissue, 14 pathways were significantly enriched (<em>P</em> < 0.01), including relaxin signaling pathway, with 51 of 59 DEPs showing interconnections. Both TMT and WB validations demonstrated that compared with sham controls, DBND rats exhibited upregulated collagen type IV alpha 2 chain (Col4a2) and downregulated guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(z) subunit alpha (Gnaz) in detrusor tissue, while EA treatment normalized both proteins (both <em>P</em> < 0.05). In bladder neck tissue, DBND
{"title":"Mechanism of electroacupuncture treating detrusor-bladder neck dyssynergia after suprasacral spinal cord injury by proteomics","authors":"Liya Tang , Qirui Qu , Jincan Liu , Ming Xu , Lu Zhou , Qiong Liu , Kun Ai","doi":"10.1016/j.dcmed.2025.05.011","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dcmed.2025.05.011","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>To elucidate the potential mechanisms of electroacupuncture (EA) in restoring detrusor-bladder neck dyssynergia (DBND) following suprasacral spinal cord injury (SSCI).</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A total of 52 specific pathogen-free (SPF) grade famale Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats (10 – 12 weeks, 250 – 280 g) were randomly assigned to either a sham group (<em>n</em> = 12) or a spinal cord injury model group (<em>n</em> = 40). In the model group, DBND was induced through Hassan Shaker spinal cord transection at T10 level, with 24 rats meeting inclusion criteria and subsequently randomized into DBND group (<em>n</em> = 12) and EA intervention group (DBND + EA group, <em>n</em> = 12). After spinal shock recovery (day 19 after modeling), DBND + EA group received EA treatment at Ciliao (BL32), Zhongji (RN3), and Sanyinjiao (SP6) acupoints for 20 min per session at 10/50 Hz frequencies, once daily for 10 d. Sham and DBND groups received anesthesia only without EA intervention. On day 29 post-modeling, all rats underwent urodynamic assessments, followed by hematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining, tandem mass tag (TMT) proteomics, and Western blot (WB) analysis of detrusor and bladder neck tissues. Differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) were defined as proteins with <em>P</em> < 0.05, unique peptides ≥ 2, and fold change > 1.2 or < 0.83. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis was performed using KOBAS 3.0 (<em>P</em> < 0.01), and protein-protein interaction (PPI) networks were analyzed using Search Tool for the Retrieval of Interacting Genes/Proteins (STRING) 11.5 and Cytoscape 3.9.1.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Compared with sham group, DBND group showed significantly elevated leak point pressure (LPP) and maximum cystometric capacity (MCC) (both <em>P</em> < 0.01). EA treatment significantly reduced both LPP and MCC compared with DBND group (<em>P</em> < 0.01 and <em>P</em> < 0.05, respectively). HE staining revealed that EA reduced detrusor fibrosis and improved bladder neck inflammation. TMT proteomics identified 30 overlapping DEPs in detrusor and 59 overlapping DEPs in bladder neck when comparing DBND + EA/DBND groups with sham group. In detrusor tissue, KEGG analysis revealed 10 significantly enriched pathways (<em>P</em> < 0.01), including mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway. PPI analysis showed 22 of 30 DEPs were interconnected. In bladder neck tissue, 14 pathways were significantly enriched (<em>P</em> < 0.01), including relaxin signaling pathway, with 51 of 59 DEPs showing interconnections. Both TMT and WB validations demonstrated that compared with sham controls, DBND rats exhibited upregulated collagen type IV alpha 2 chain (Col4a2) and downregulated guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(z) subunit alpha (Gnaz) in detrusor tissue, while EA treatment normalized both proteins (both <em>P</em> < 0.05). In bladder neck tissue, DBND","PeriodicalId":33578,"journal":{"name":"Digital Chinese Medicine","volume":"8 2","pages":"Pages 267-278"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144773042","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-06-01DOI: 10.1016/j.dcmed.2025.06.002
Shan Lu , Xubo Shang , Dong Yang , Junfeng Yan , Xiaoye Wang
Objective
To determine the correlation between traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) inspection of spirit classification and the severity grade of depression based on facial features, offering insights for intelligent intergrated TCM and western medicine diagnosis of depression.
Methods
Using the Audio-Visual Emotion Challenge and Workshop (AVEC 2014) public dataset on depression, which conclude 150 interview videos, the samples were classified according to the TCM inspection of spirit classification: Deshen (得神, presence of spirit), Shaoshen (少神, insufficiency of spirit), and Shenluan (神乱, confusion of spirit). Meanwhile, based on Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II) score for the severity grade of depression, the samples were divided into minimal (0 – 13, Q1), mild (14 – 19, Q2), moderate (20 – 28, Q3), and severe (29 – 63, Q4). Sixty-eight landmarks were extracted with a ResNet-50 network, and the feature extracion mode was stadardized. Random forest and support vectior machine (SVM) classifiers were used to predict TCM inspection of spirit classification and the severity grade of depression, respectively. A Chi-square test and Apriori association rule mining were then applied to quantify and explore the relationships.
Results
The analysis revealed a statistically significant and moderately strong association between TCM spirit classification and the severity grade of depression, as confirmed by a Chi-square test (χ2 = 14.04, P = 0.029) with a Cramer’s V effect size of 0.243. Further exploration using association rule mining identified the most compelling rule: “moderate depression (Q3) → Shenluan”. This rule demonstrated a support level of 5%, indicating this specific co-occurrence was present in 5% of the cohort. Crucially, it achieved a high Confidence of 86%, meaning that among patients diagnosed with Q3, 86% exhibited the Shenluan pattern according to TCM assessment. The substantial Lift of 2.37 signifies that the observed likelihood of Shenluan manifesting in Q3 patients is 2.37 times higher than would be expected by chance if these states were independent—compelling evidence of a highly non-random association. Consequently, Shenluan emerges as a distinct and core TCM diagnostic manifestation strongly linked to Q3, forming a clinically significant phenotype within this patient subgroup.
Conclusion
Automated facial analysis can serve as a common lens for TCM and western psychological assessments align in the diagnosis of depression. The inspection of spirit decline trajectory parallels worsening depression, supporting early screening and stratified intervention, and providing a reference for the intelligent assistance of integrated TCM and western medicine in the diagnosis of depression.
{"title":"Correlation analysis between facial feature-based traditional Chinese medicine inspection of spirit classification and Beck Depression Inventory score","authors":"Shan Lu , Xubo Shang , Dong Yang , Junfeng Yan , Xiaoye Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.dcmed.2025.06.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dcmed.2025.06.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>To determine the correlation between traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) inspection of spirit classification and the severity grade of depression based on facial features, offering insights for intelligent intergrated TCM and western medicine diagnosis of depression.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Using the Audio-Visual Emotion Challenge and Workshop (AVEC 2014) public dataset on depression, which conclude 150 interview videos, the samples were classified according to the TCM inspection of spirit classification: Deshen (得神, presence of spirit), Shaoshen (少神, insufficiency of spirit), and Shenluan (神乱, confusion of spirit). Meanwhile, based on Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II) score for the severity grade of depression, the samples were divided into minimal (0 – 13, Q1), mild (14 – 19, Q2), moderate (20 – 28, Q3), and severe (29 – 63, Q4). Sixty-eight landmarks were extracted with a ResNet-50 network, and the feature extracion mode was stadardized. Random forest and support vectior machine (SVM) classifiers were used to predict TCM inspection of spirit classification and the severity grade of depression, respectively. A Chi-square test and Apriori association rule mining were then applied to quantify and explore the relationships.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The analysis revealed a statistically significant and moderately strong association between TCM spirit classification and the severity grade of depression, as confirmed by a Chi-square test (<em>χ</em><sup>2</sup> = 14.04, <em>P</em> = 0.029) with a Cramer’s V effect size of 0.243. Further exploration using association rule mining identified the most compelling rule: “moderate depression (Q3) → Shenluan”. This rule demonstrated a support level of 5%, indicating this specific co-occurrence was present in 5% of the cohort. Crucially, it achieved a high Confidence of 86%, meaning that among patients diagnosed with Q3, 86% exhibited the Shenluan pattern according to TCM assessment. The substantial Lift of 2.37 signifies that the observed likelihood of Shenluan manifesting in Q3 patients is 2.37 times higher than would be expected by chance if these states were independent—compelling evidence of a highly non-random association. Consequently, Shenluan emerges as a distinct and core TCM diagnostic manifestation strongly linked to Q3, forming a clinically significant phenotype within this patient subgroup.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Automated facial analysis can serve as a common lens for TCM and western psychological assessments align in the diagnosis of depression. The inspection of spirit decline trajectory parallels worsening depression, supporting early screening and stratified intervention, and providing a reference for the intelligent assistance of integrated TCM and western medicine in the diagnosis of depression.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":33578,"journal":{"name":"Digital Chinese Medicine","volume":"8 2","pages":"Pages 147-162"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144773044","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-06-01DOI: 10.1016/j.dcmed.2025.05.009
S. Magre Manoj, A. Bhalerao Pooja, K. Mandlik Satish, S. Mandlik Deepa
Objective
To investigate the therapeutic potential and underlying mechanism of Lantana camara ethanolic extract (LCEE) in ulcerative colitis (UC).
Methods
Phytochemical analysis of LCEE was conducted using qualitative analysis, liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS), and high-performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC). The active constituents of LCEE were identified through network pharmacology analysis, followed by molecular docking. The therapeutic mechanism was validated in a UC rat model using 42 male Wistar rats (200 – 250 g) induced by 2,4,6-trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (TNBS). Rats were randomly divided into seven groups (n = 6 per group): normal control (NC), ethanol control (EC), disease control (DC), three doses of LCEE treatment [low dose LCEE (100 mg/kg), medium dose LCEE (200 mg/kg), and high dose LCEE (400 mg/kg), p.o.], and dexamethasone (DEX, 2 mg/kg, p.o.) groups. Following TNBS-induced UC (120 mg/kg, intrarectally), rats were treated orally for 28 d. Disease severity was assessed through body weight changes, disease activity index (DAI), colon weight, colon length, and morphological scores. Haematological parameters, enzymatic antioxidants, nitric oxide (NO), myeloperoxidase (MPO), and inflammatory cytokines were measured in the serum and colon tissues. Gene expressions of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3), and B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2) were analyzed by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). Histopathological alterations in the colon tissues were evaluated using hematoxylin and eosin (HE), Giemsa, and periodic acid-schiff staining (PAS).
Results
LC-MS analysis identified 13 phytoconstituents in LCEE, and HPTLC analysis confirmed the presence of ursolic acid, geniposide, and chlorogenic acid. Network pharmacological analysis identified 152 potential therapeutic targets with TNF, STAT3, Bcl-2, albumin (ALB), and EGFR as the top 5 hub targets. Molecular docking revealed strong binding affinities of LCEE phytoconstituents with key inflammatory and apoptotic targets: linaroside with TNF-α (– 6.1 kcal/mol), ursolic acid with STAT3 (– 6.8 kcal/mol) and Bcl-2 (– 8.7 kcal/mol), and cirsiliol with EGFR (– 8.2 kcal/mol), comparable to DEX. LCEE treatment significantly increased body weights and thymus weight, while significantly reducing colon weight, spleen weight, and DAI scores. Haematological parameters showed significant improvements with increased haemoglobin, red blood cells, and platelet count, and decreased white blood cells counts. Antioxidants markers were significantly improved with increased glutathione, superoxide dismutase, and catalase levels, and decreased malondialdehyde levels. LCEE significantly reduced NO and MPO levels and inflammatory cytokines including TNF-α, interleukin (IL)-1β, nu
{"title":"Lantana camara alleviating TNBS-induced ulcerative colitis in rats: regulating TNF-α/EGFR/STAT3/Bcl-2 signaling pathways","authors":"S. Magre Manoj, A. Bhalerao Pooja, K. Mandlik Satish, S. Mandlik Deepa","doi":"10.1016/j.dcmed.2025.05.009","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dcmed.2025.05.009","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>To investigate the therapeutic potential and underlying mechanism of <em>Lantana camara</em> ethanolic extract (LCEE) in ulcerative colitis (UC).</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Phytochemical analysis of LCEE was conducted using qualitative analysis, liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS), and high-performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC). The active constituents of LCEE were identified through network pharmacology analysis, followed by molecular docking. The therapeutic mechanism was validated in a UC rat model using 42 male Wistar rats (200 – 250 g) induced by 2,4,6-trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (TNBS). Rats were randomly divided into seven groups (<em>n</em> = 6 per group): normal control (NC), ethanol control (EC), disease control (DC), three doses of LCEE treatment [low dose LCEE (100 mg/kg), medium dose LCEE (200 mg/kg), and high dose LCEE (400 mg/kg), p.o.], and dexamethasone (DEX, 2 mg/kg, p.o.) groups. Following TNBS-induced UC (120 mg/kg, intrarectally), rats were treated orally for 28 d. Disease severity was assessed through body weight changes, disease activity index (DAI), colon weight, colon length, and morphological scores. Haematological parameters, enzymatic antioxidants, nitric oxide (NO), myeloperoxidase (MPO), and inflammatory cytokines were measured in the serum and colon tissues. Gene expressions of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3), and B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2) were analyzed by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). Histopathological alterations in the colon tissues were evaluated using hematoxylin and eosin (HE), Giemsa, and periodic acid-schiff staining (PAS).</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>LC-MS analysis identified 13 phytoconstituents in LCEE, and HPTLC analysis confirmed the presence of ursolic acid, geniposide, and chlorogenic acid. Network pharmacological analysis identified 152 potential therapeutic targets with TNF, STAT3, Bcl-2, albumin (ALB), and EGFR as the top 5 hub targets. Molecular docking revealed strong binding affinities of LCEE phytoconstituents with key inflammatory and apoptotic targets: linaroside with TNF-α (– 6.1 kcal/mol), ursolic acid with STAT3 (– 6.8 kcal/mol) and Bcl-2 (– 8.7 kcal/mol), and cirsiliol with EGFR (– 8.2 kcal/mol), comparable to DEX. LCEE treatment significantly increased body weights and thymus weight, while significantly reducing colon weight, spleen weight, and DAI scores. Haematological parameters showed significant improvements with increased haemoglobin, red blood cells, and platelet count, and decreased white blood cells counts. Antioxidants markers were significantly improved with increased glutathione, superoxide dismutase, and catalase levels, and decreased malondialdehyde levels. LCEE significantly reduced NO and MPO levels and inflammatory cytokines including TNF-α, interleukin (IL)-1β, nu","PeriodicalId":33578,"journal":{"name":"Digital Chinese Medicine","volume":"8 2","pages":"Pages 234-253"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144772474","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-06-01DOI: 10.1016/j.dcmed.2025.05.005
Jiyu ZHANG, Jiatuo XU, Liping TU, Hongyuan FU
Objective
To develop a non-invasive predictive model for coronary artery stenosis severity based on adaptive multi-modal integration of traditional Chinese and western medicine data.
Methods
Clinical indicators, echocardiographic data, traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) tongue manifestations, and facial features were collected from patients who underwent coronary computed tomography angiography (CTA) in the Cardiac Care Unit (CCU) of Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital between May 1, 2023 and May 1, 2024. An adaptive weighted multi-modal data fusion (AWMDF) model based on deep learning was constructed to predict the severity of coronary artery stenosis. The model was evaluated using metrics including accuracy, precision, recall, F1 score, and the area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve (AUC). Further performance assessment was conducted through comparisons with six ensemble machine learning methods, data ablation, model component ablation, and various decision-level fusion strategies.
Results
A total of 158 patients were included in the study. The AWMDF model achieved excellent predictive performance (AUC = 0.973, accuracy = 0.937, precision = 0.937, recall = 0.929, and F1 score = 0.933). Compared with model ablation, data ablation experiments, and various traditional machine learning models, the AWMDF model demonstrated superior performance. Moreover, the adaptive weighting strategy outperformed alternative approaches, including simple weighting, averaging, voting, and fixed-weight schemes.
Conclusion
The AWMDF model demonstrates potential clinical value in the non-invasive prediction of coronary artery disease and could serve as a tool for clinical decision support.
{"title":"Construction and evaluation of a predictive model for the degree of coronary artery occlusion based on adaptive weighted multi-modal fusion of traditional Chinese and western medicine data","authors":"Jiyu ZHANG, Jiatuo XU, Liping TU, Hongyuan FU","doi":"10.1016/j.dcmed.2025.05.005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dcmed.2025.05.005","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>To develop a non-invasive predictive model for coronary artery stenosis severity based on adaptive multi-modal integration of traditional Chinese and western medicine data.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Clinical indicators, echocardiographic data, traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) tongue manifestations, and facial features were collected from patients who underwent coronary computed tomography angiography (CTA) in the Cardiac Care Unit (CCU) of Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital between May 1, 2023 and May 1, 2024. An adaptive weighted multi-modal data fusion (AWMDF) model based on deep learning was constructed to predict the severity of coronary artery stenosis. The model was evaluated using metrics including accuracy, precision, recall, F1 score, and the area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve (AUC). Further performance assessment was conducted through comparisons with six ensemble machine learning methods, data ablation, model component ablation, and various decision-level fusion strategies.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>A total of 158 patients were included in the study. The AWMDF model achieved excellent predictive performance (AUC = 0.973, accuracy = 0.937, precision = 0.937, recall = 0.929, and F1 score = 0.933). Compared with model ablation, data ablation experiments, and various traditional machine learning models, the AWMDF model demonstrated superior performance. Moreover, the adaptive weighting strategy outperformed alternative approaches, including simple weighting, averaging, voting, and fixed-weight schemes.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>The AWMDF model demonstrates potential clinical value in the non-invasive prediction of coronary artery disease and could serve as a tool for clinical decision support.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":33578,"journal":{"name":"Digital Chinese Medicine","volume":"8 2","pages":"Pages 163-173"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144773045","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-06-01DOI: 10.1016/j.dcmed.2025.05.002
Dharmalingam Kirubakaran
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative condition characterized by memory loss and cognitive decline. Current drugs offer limited benefits and often cause side effects. Recently, interest has grown in medicinal plants for the treatment of AD due to their neuroprotective compounds. This review explores how herbal remedies may help AD, focusing on key plants including Ginkgo biloba, Curcuma longa, Withania somnifera, and Panax ginseng. These plants show promise in reducing inflammation, oxidative stress, and amyloid buildup. Their bioactive compounds, including flavonoids and alkaloids, may promote memory and slow AD progression. Despite these promising findings, the review also highlights significant challenges in translating preclinical success into clinical efficacy. Issues such as variability in plant composition, lack of standardized formulations, insufficient large-scale clinical trials, and regulatory hurdles continue to impede the integration of herbal therapies into mainstream AD treatment. Addressing these challenges through rigorous scientific validation and standardized protocols is essential for advancing the use of herbal medicine in neurodegenerative disease management.
{"title":"Herbal remedies for Alzheimer’s disease: neuroprotective mechanisms and cognitive enhancement potential","authors":"Dharmalingam Kirubakaran","doi":"10.1016/j.dcmed.2025.05.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dcmed.2025.05.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative condition characterized by memory loss and cognitive decline. Current drugs offer limited benefits and often cause side effects. Recently, interest has grown in medicinal plants for the treatment of AD due to their neuroprotective compounds. This review explores how herbal remedies may help AD, focusing on key plants including <em>Ginkgo biloba</em>, <em>Curcuma longa</em>, <em>Withania somnifera</em>, and <em>Panax ginseng</em>. These plants show promise in reducing inflammation, oxidative stress, and amyloid buildup. Their bioactive compounds, including flavonoids and alkaloids, may promote memory and slow AD progression. Despite these promising findings, the review also highlights significant challenges in translating preclinical success into clinical efficacy. Issues such as variability in plant composition, lack of standardized formulations, insufficient large-scale clinical trials, and regulatory hurdles continue to impede the integration of herbal therapies into mainstream AD treatment. Addressing these challenges through rigorous scientific validation and standardized protocols is essential for advancing the use of herbal medicine in neurodegenerative disease management.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":33578,"journal":{"name":"Digital Chinese Medicine","volume":"8 2","pages":"Pages 183-195"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144773047","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-06-01DOI: 10.1016/j.dcmed.2025.06.001
Xiaolei Wu , Haiyin Hu , Yuetong Wang , Alice Josephine Fauci , Yazi Zhang , Wenting Song , Fengwen Yang , Boli Zhang , Junhua Zhang , Zhaochen Ji
Objective
Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of Chinese patent medicines and classic traditional Chinese medicine prescriptions were systematically reviewed from both Chinese and English journals published in 2023. A preliminary summary and evaluation were conducted on the generation and translation of clinical evidence for these treatments. This analysis aims to inform future research on clinical efficacy evaluation and guide the rational application of evidence.
Methods
RCTs of Chinese patent medicines and classic traditional Chinese prescriptions published in 2023 were comprehensively retrieved from the Artificial Intelligence Clinical Evidence Database for Chinese Patent Medicine (AICED-CPM), with supplementary searches conducted in China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Wanfang Data, Chinese Science and Technology Journal Database (VIP), Chinese Biomedical Literature Database (SinoMed), Cochrane Library, PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science. The study characteristics and methodological quality of these RCTs were systematically analyzed and evaluated.
Results
A total of 1 443 RCTs of Chinese patent medicines were included, comprising 1 399 Chinese articles and 44 English articles. Additionally, 334 RCTs of classic traditional Chinese medicine prescriptions were found, with 331 published in Chinese and 3 in English. 196 567 participants were included, covering 585 types of Chinese patent medicines (487 oral, 61 injectable, and 37 topical) and 179 classic traditional Chinese medicine prescriptions. The involved studies encompassed 22 types of diseases, with research primarily focusing on diseases of the circulatory system, the respiratory system, and the genitourinary system. The sample sizes ranged from 18 to 3 777 participants, and most studies were conducted at a single center. Methodologically, the implementation of allocation concealment and blinding remained insufficiently emphasized.
Conclusion
Overall, compared with 2022, both the number of RCT publications and their methodological quality have improved in 2023, with heightened attention to research on diseases of the genitourinary system. However, quality control and standardized management in the design and implementation processes still require enhancement to produce more high-quality clinical evidence and accelerate the translation and application of this evidence.
目的对2023年发表的中英文期刊中成药和中药经典方剂的随机对照试验（rct）进行系统回顾。对这些治疗的临床证据的生成和转化进行了初步的总结和评价。本分析旨在为今后临床疗效评价的研究提供参考，指导证据的合理应用。方法综合检索中国中成药人工智能临床证据数据库（AICED-CPM）中2023年发表的中成药和中药经典方剂的srct，并辅以中国知网（CNKI）、万方数据、中国科技期刊数据库（VIP）、中国生物医学文献数据库（SinoMed）、Cochrane图书馆、PubMed、Embase和Web of Science。对这些随机对照试验的研究特点和方法学质量进行系统分析和评价。结果共纳入中成药rct 1 443篇，其中中文文献1 399篇，英文文献44篇。共纳入中药经典方剂rct 334项，其中中文发表方剂331项，英文发表方剂3项，共纳入受试者19567人，涵盖585种中成药（口服487种，注射61种，外用37种）和179种中药经典方剂。所涉及的研究包括22种疾病，研究主要集中在循环系统、呼吸系统和泌尿生殖系统的疾病。样本量从18到3777人不等，大多数研究在单一中心进行。在方法上，分配隐瞒和盲法的实施仍然不够强调。结论总体而言，与2022年相比，2023年的RCT出版物数量和方法学质量均有所提高，对泌尿生殖系统疾病研究的重视程度有所提高。然而，在设计和实施过程中，仍需加强质量控制和规范管理，以产生更多高质量的临床证据，加快临床证据的转化和应用。
{"title":"Clinical research report on Chinese patent medicines and classic traditional Chinese medicine prescriptions (2023)","authors":"Xiaolei Wu , Haiyin Hu , Yuetong Wang , Alice Josephine Fauci , Yazi Zhang , Wenting Song , Fengwen Yang , Boli Zhang , Junhua Zhang , Zhaochen Ji","doi":"10.1016/j.dcmed.2025.06.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dcmed.2025.06.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of Chinese patent medicines and classic traditional Chinese medicine prescriptions were systematically reviewed from both Chinese and English journals published in 2023. A preliminary summary and evaluation were conducted on the generation and translation of clinical evidence for these treatments. This analysis aims to inform future research on clinical efficacy evaluation and guide the rational application of evidence.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>RCTs of Chinese patent medicines and classic traditional Chinese prescriptions published in 2023 were comprehensively retrieved from the Artificial Intelligence Clinical Evidence Database for Chinese Patent Medicine (AICED-CPM), with supplementary searches conducted in China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Wanfang Data, Chinese Science and Technology Journal Database (VIP), Chinese Biomedical Literature Database (SinoMed), Cochrane Library, PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science. The study characteristics and methodological quality of these RCTs were systematically analyzed and evaluated.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>A total of 1 443 RCTs of Chinese patent medicines were included, comprising 1 399 Chinese articles and 44 English articles. Additionally, 334 RCTs of classic traditional Chinese medicine prescriptions were found, with 331 published in Chinese and 3 in English. 196 567 participants were included, covering 585 types of Chinese patent medicines (487 oral, 61 injectable, and 37 topical) and 179 classic traditional Chinese medicine prescriptions. The involved studies encompassed 22 types of diseases, with research primarily focusing on diseases of the circulatory system, the respiratory system, and the genitourinary system. The sample sizes ranged from 18 to 3 777 participants, and most studies were conducted at a single center. Methodologically, the implementation of allocation concealment and blinding remained insufficiently emphasized.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Overall, compared with 2022, both the number of RCT publications and their methodological quality have improved in 2023, with heightened attention to research on diseases of the genitourinary system. However, quality control and standardized management in the design and implementation processes still require enhancement to produce more high-quality clinical evidence and accelerate the translation and application of this evidence.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":33578,"journal":{"name":"Digital Chinese Medicine","volume":"8 2","pages":"Pages 123-136"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144773040","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-06-01DOI: 10.1016/j.dcmed.2025.05.010
Jiamin Wen , Rui Zhang , Danwen Wang , Zhiling Sun
<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>To reveal the therapeutic effects of moxibustion in collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) rat models using the combined analysis of plasma and synovial membrane lipidomic profiling and to enhance the understanding of how moxibustion affects lipid metabolism in rheumatoid arthritis (RA).</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A total of 32 male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were randomly assigned to four groups: control, moxibustion control (MC), model, and moxibustion model (MM) groups, with 8 rats in each group. CIA was induced in SD rats by two immunizations. The paw volume was measured before the induction of CIA. Following induction, after assessing paw volume and arthritis index (AI) scores, the MC and MM groups received treatment at bilateral Shenshu (BL23) and Zusanli (ST36) acupoints for 10 min per acupoint. The intervention included three treatment courses, each spanning 6 d and followed by a 1-d interval. Paw volume and AI scores were assessed after each treatment course. After the completion of the three treatment courses, serum, plasma, synovial tissue, and ankle joint samples were collected. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was employed to quantify the levels of interleukin (IL)-6 and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α in serum. Hematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining was performed for histopathological examination of the ankle joint tissues. Meanwhile, ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with Q-Exactive Orbitrap mass spectrometry (UHPLC-Q-Exactive Orbitrap MS) was utilized to analyze the plasma and synovial tissue samples. In addition, multivariate statistical analysis was performed to identify differential lipid metabolites, and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analysis was applied to explore metabolic pathways modulated by moxibustion therapy.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>No significant difference in hind paw volume and AI scores was observed among the groups (<em>P</em> > 0.05). After CIA induction, model group showed increased hind paw volume and AI scores compared with control group (<em>P</em> < 0.05), which were significantly reduced after moxibustion treatment in MM group compared with model group (<em>P</em> < 0.05). The levels of IL-6 and TNF-α were significantly higher in model and MM groups compared with control group (<em>P</em> < 0.05), but were lower in MM group than those in model group (<em>P</em> < 0.05). Histopathological analysis showed improved cartilage and reduced inflammation in MM group. A total of 33 differential lipid metabolites in the plasma and 24 in the synovial membranes of CIA rat models were identified when compared with control group. Among these lipid metabolites, 31 in the plasma and all 24 in the synovial membranes were regulated by moxibustion treatment. Pathological analysis revealed upregulation of diacylglycerol (DG) and fatty acid (FA) levels, alongside downregulation of lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC), p
{"title":"Integrated plasma and synovial membrane lipidomic profiling revealing the therapeutic effects of moxibustion in collagen-induced arthritis rat models","authors":"Jiamin Wen , Rui Zhang , Danwen Wang , Zhiling Sun","doi":"10.1016/j.dcmed.2025.05.010","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dcmed.2025.05.010","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>To reveal the therapeutic effects of moxibustion in collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) rat models using the combined analysis of plasma and synovial membrane lipidomic profiling and to enhance the understanding of how moxibustion affects lipid metabolism in rheumatoid arthritis (RA).</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A total of 32 male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were randomly assigned to four groups: control, moxibustion control (MC), model, and moxibustion model (MM) groups, with 8 rats in each group. CIA was induced in SD rats by two immunizations. The paw volume was measured before the induction of CIA. Following induction, after assessing paw volume and arthritis index (AI) scores, the MC and MM groups received treatment at bilateral Shenshu (BL23) and Zusanli (ST36) acupoints for 10 min per acupoint. The intervention included three treatment courses, each spanning 6 d and followed by a 1-d interval. Paw volume and AI scores were assessed after each treatment course. After the completion of the three treatment courses, serum, plasma, synovial tissue, and ankle joint samples were collected. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was employed to quantify the levels of interleukin (IL)-6 and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α in serum. Hematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining was performed for histopathological examination of the ankle joint tissues. Meanwhile, ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with Q-Exactive Orbitrap mass spectrometry (UHPLC-Q-Exactive Orbitrap MS) was utilized to analyze the plasma and synovial tissue samples. In addition, multivariate statistical analysis was performed to identify differential lipid metabolites, and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analysis was applied to explore metabolic pathways modulated by moxibustion therapy.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>No significant difference in hind paw volume and AI scores was observed among the groups (<em>P</em> > 0.05). After CIA induction, model group showed increased hind paw volume and AI scores compared with control group (<em>P</em> < 0.05), which were significantly reduced after moxibustion treatment in MM group compared with model group (<em>P</em> < 0.05). The levels of IL-6 and TNF-α were significantly higher in model and MM groups compared with control group (<em>P</em> < 0.05), but were lower in MM group than those in model group (<em>P</em> < 0.05). Histopathological analysis showed improved cartilage and reduced inflammation in MM group. A total of 33 differential lipid metabolites in the plasma and 24 in the synovial membranes of CIA rat models were identified when compared with control group. Among these lipid metabolites, 31 in the plasma and all 24 in the synovial membranes were regulated by moxibustion treatment. Pathological analysis revealed upregulation of diacylglycerol (DG) and fatty acid (FA) levels, alongside downregulation of lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC), p","PeriodicalId":33578,"journal":{"name":"Digital Chinese Medicine","volume":"8 2","pages":"Pages 254-266"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144773041","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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