Pub Date : 2023-12-31DOI: 10.1016/j.dcmed.2024.01.006
Zhang Luoqin, Wu Yizhen, Li Zhongzheng
{"title":"Identification of metabolites in different parts of Juandan Baihe (<ce:italic>Lilium lancifolium</ce:italic>) by UPLC-Q-TOF-MS and their hypoglycemic activities","authors":"Zhang Luoqin, Wu Yizhen, Li Zhongzheng","doi":"10.1016/j.dcmed.2024.01.006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dcmed.2024.01.006","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":33578,"journal":{"name":"Digital Chinese Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142014096","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-01DOI: 10.1016/j.dcmed.2023.10.001
Zhuo Zewei , Zhang Fei , Yang Chengwei , Gao Bizhen , Li Candong
[Objective]
To construct a Nomogram model for the prediction of essential hypertension (EH) risks with the use of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) syndrome elements principles in conjunction with cutting-edge biochemical detection technologies.
[Methods]
A case-control study was conducted, involving 301 patients with essential hypertension in the hypertensive group and 314 without in the control group. Comprehensive data, including the information on the four TCM diagnoses, general data, and blood biochemical indicators of participants in both groups, were collected separately for analysis. The differentiation principles of syndrome elements were used to discern the location and nature of hypertension. One-way analysis was carried out to screen for potential risk factors of the disease. Least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression was used to identify factors that contribute significantly to the model, and eliminate possible collinearity problems. At last, multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to both screen and quantify independent risk factors essential for the prediction model. The “rms” package in the R Studio was used to construct the Nomogram model, creating line segments of varying lengths based on the contribution of each risk factor to aid in the prediction of risks of hypertension. For internal model validation, the Bootstrap program package was utilized to perform 1000 repetitions of sampling and generate calibration curves.
[Results]
The results of the multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that the risk factors of EH included age, heart rate (HR), waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), uric acid (UA) levels, family medical history, sleep patterns (early awakening and light sleep), water intake, and psychological traits (depression and anger). Additionally, TCM syndrome elements such as phlegm, Yin deficiency, and Yang hyperactivity contributed to the risk of EH onset as well. TCM syndrome elements liver, spleen, and kidney were also considered the risk factors of EH. Next, the Nomogram model was constructed using the aforementioned 14 risk predictors, with an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.868 and a 95% confidence interval (CI) ranging from 0.840 to 0.895. The diagnostic sensitivity and specificity were found to be 80.7% and 85.0%, respectively. Internal validation confirmed the model’s robust predictive performance, with a consistency index (C-index) of 0.879, underscoring the model’s strong predictive ability.
[Conclusion]
By integrating TCM syndrome elements, the Nomogram model has realized the objective, qualitative, and quantitative selection of early warning factors for developing EH, resulting in the creation of a more comprehensive and precise prediction model for EH risks.
{"title":"A Nomogram model for the early warning of essential hypertension risks based on the principles of traditional Chinese medicine syndrome elements","authors":"Zhuo Zewei , Zhang Fei , Yang Chengwei , Gao Bizhen , Li Candong","doi":"10.1016/j.dcmed.2023.10.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dcmed.2023.10.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>[Objective]</h3><p>To construct a Nomogram model for the prediction of essential hypertension (EH) risks with the use of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) syndrome elements principles in conjunction with cutting-edge biochemical detection technologies.</p></div><div><h3>[Methods]</h3><p>A case-control study was conducted, involving 301 patients with essential hypertension in the hypertensive group and 314 without in the control group. Comprehensive data, including the information on the four TCM diagnoses, general data, and blood biochemical indicators of participants in both groups, were collected separately for analysis. The differentiation principles of syndrome elements were used to discern the location and nature of hypertension. One-way analysis was carried out to screen for potential risk factors of the disease. Least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression was used to identify factors that contribute significantly to the model, and eliminate possible collinearity problems. At last, multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to both screen and quantify independent risk factors essential for the prediction model. The “rms” package in the R Studio was used to construct the Nomogram model, creating line segments of varying lengths based on the contribution of each risk factor to aid in the prediction of risks of hypertension. For internal model validation, the Bootstrap program package was utilized to perform 1000 repetitions of sampling and generate calibration curves.</p></div><div><h3>[Results]</h3><p>The results of the multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that the risk factors of EH included age, heart rate (HR), waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), uric acid (UA) levels, family medical history, sleep patterns (early awakening and light sleep), water intake, and psychological traits (depression and anger). Additionally, TCM syndrome elements such as phlegm, Yin deficiency, and Yang hyperactivity contributed to the risk of EH onset as well. TCM syndrome elements liver, spleen, and kidney were also considered the risk factors of EH. Next, the Nomogram model was constructed using the aforementioned 14 risk predictors, with an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.868 and a 95% confidence interval (CI) ranging from 0.840 to 0.895. The diagnostic sensitivity and specificity were found to be 80.7% and 85.0%, respectively. Internal validation confirmed the model’s robust predictive performance, with a consistency index (C-index) of 0.879, underscoring the model’s strong predictive ability.</p></div><div><h3>[Conclusion]</h3><p>By integrating TCM syndrome elements, the Nomogram model has realized the objective, qualitative, and quantitative selection of early warning factors for developing EH, resulting in the creation of a more comprehensive and precise prediction model for EH risks.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":33578,"journal":{"name":"Digital Chinese Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2589377723000514/pdfft?md5=d3c4b3956a97b6263f10e3595bb91484&pid=1-s2.0-S2589377723000514-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138335254","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
To explore the application of Quality by Design (QbD) tools in assessing geographical variations of Phyllanthus emblica (P. emblica) from five distinct Indian states.
[Methods]
In the current experiment, the Box-Behnken design with a reduced quartic model and 105 runs was employed with the use of the Design Expert software for randomized response surface mapping. Three different extraction methods (Soxhlet, maceration, and sonication) along with three solventst [distilled water, methanol, and water-methanol mixture (50 : 50 v/v)] were considered in the present study. The anti-oxidant activities, total flavonoid content (TFC), and total phenolic content (TPC) in the P. emblica were determined and analysed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) to identify the major components.
[Results]
The QbD overlay plot showed that the extractive value of the P. emblica was no less than 30% w/w, 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) no less than 60% mcg/mL (micrograms per millilitre), TFC no less than 75 mg QE/g (milligrams of quercetin equivalents per gram), and TPC no less than 80 mg GAE/g (milligrams of gallic acid equivalents per gram). Moreover, the GC-MS data confirmed the presence of variation in the bioactives of P. emblica extracts.
[Conclusion]
The model was significant in describing the variation in extractive value, DPPH, TFC, and TPC. The QbD approach may tend to prioritize thoroughness in the extraction process, ultimately resulting in improved quality in the extracted products.
{"title":"Quality by Design approach for the investigation of critical characteristics of Phyllanthus emblica from different vicinities","authors":"Grishm Rohilla , Priya Masand , Pooja Dhama , Anurag , Sunil Gupta , Alok Sharma","doi":"10.1016/j.dcmed.2023.10.003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dcmed.2023.10.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>[Objective]</h3><p>To explore the application of Quality by Design (QbD) tools in assessing geographical variations of <em>Phyllanthus emblica</em> (<em>P</em>. <em>emblica</em>) from five distinct Indian states.</p></div><div><h3>[Methods]</h3><p>In the current experiment, the Box-Behnken design with a reduced quartic model and 105 runs was employed with the use of the Design Expert software for randomized response surface mapping. Three different extraction methods (Soxhlet, maceration, and sonication) along with three solventst [distilled water, methanol, and water-methanol mixture (50 : 50 v/v)] were considered in the present study. The anti-oxidant activities, total flavonoid content (TFC), and total phenolic content (TPC) in the <em>P. emblica</em> were determined and analysed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) to identify the major components.</p></div><div><h3>[Results]</h3><p>The QbD overlay plot showed that the extractive value of the <em>P. emblica</em> was no less than 30% w/w, 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) no less than 60% mcg/mL (micrograms per millilitre), TFC no less than 75 mg QE/g (milligrams of quercetin equivalents per gram), and TPC no less than 80 mg GAE/g (milligrams of gallic acid equivalents per gram). Moreover, the GC-MS data confirmed the presence of variation in the bioactives of <em>P. emblica</em> extracts.</p></div><div><h3>[Conclusion]</h3><p>The model was significant in describing the variation in extractive value, DPPH, TFC, and TPC. The QbD approach may tend to prioritize thoroughness in the extraction process, ultimately resulting in improved quality in the extracted products.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":33578,"journal":{"name":"Digital Chinese Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2589377723000538/pdfft?md5=a44db85d2c49d3022e87702b1c561be0&pid=1-s2.0-S2589377723000538-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138395700","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-01DOI: 10.1016/j.dcmed.2023.10.007
Wei Li , Shuo Wang , Jiepeng Wang , Fang Fang , Chaoyi Fang
Objective
To investigate the underlying mechanism of the compound Bugansan Decoction (补肝散, BGSD) in intervening learning and memory in D-galactose (D-gal)-induced aging rats.
Methods
A total of 40 rats were randomly assigned to four groups: control, model, BGSD [14.06 g/(kg·d)], and piracetam [0.4 g/(kg·d)] groups, with 10 rats in each group. D-gal [400 mg/(kg·d)] was injected intraperitoneally to establish the aging rat model. The rats' body weight, water intake, food intake, and gripping strength were recorded each week. The eight-arm maze and step-down test were used to measure the rats' capacity for learning and memory. Liver, thymus, spleen, and brain tissues were weighed to calculate the corresponding organ indices; serum malondialdehyde (MDA) content and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity were measured. Hematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining was adopted to observe the pathological changes of the hippocampus; enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to detect the levels of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-6, and IL-1β in the hippocampus. Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) was used to detect the expression of receptors for advanced glycation end products (RAGE), nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB), TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β mRNA in the hippocampus. Western blot (WB) was employed to detect the expression levels of advanced glycation end products (AGEs), RAGE, and NF-κB protein in the hippocampus.
Results
In D-gal-induced aging rats, BGSD significantly increased food intake, water intake, body weight, gripping strength, and organ indices (P < 0.05), and significantly decreased working memory error (WME), reference memory error (RME), and total memory errors (TE) in an eight-arm maze (P < 0.05). In the step-down test, step-down latency was prolonged and the frequency of errors dropped (P < 0.05). Additionally, BGSD could lessen the harm done to hippocampus neurons, increase serum SOD activity, lower MDA levels, and down-regulate the expression levels of the pro-inflammatory molecules TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β (P < 0.05). Further findings showed that BGSD significantly decreased hippocampal AGEs, RAGE, and NF-κB expression (P < 0.05).
Conclusion
By blocking the AGEs/RAGE/NF-κB signaling pathway, BGSD may regulate the neuroinflammatory damage in D-gal-induced aging rats, and thus improve learning and memory.
{"title":"Mechanism of Bugansan Decoction in ameliorating learning and memory impairment in D-galactose-induced aging rats based on AGEs/RAGE/NF-κB pathway","authors":"Wei Li , Shuo Wang , Jiepeng Wang , Fang Fang , Chaoyi Fang","doi":"10.1016/j.dcmed.2023.10.007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dcmed.2023.10.007","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><p>To investigate the underlying mechanism of the compound Bugansan Decoction (补肝散, BGSD) in intervening learning and memory in D-galactose (D-gal)-induced aging rats.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>A total of 40 rats were randomly assigned to four groups: control, model, BGSD [14.06 g/(kg·d)], and piracetam [0.4 g/(kg·d)] groups, with 10 rats in each group. D-gal [400 mg/(kg·d)] was injected intraperitoneally to establish the aging rat model. The rats' body weight, water intake, food intake, and gripping strength were recorded each week. The eight-arm maze and step-down test were used to measure the rats' capacity for learning and memory. Liver, thymus, spleen, and brain tissues were weighed to calculate the corresponding organ indices; serum malondialdehyde (MDA) content and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity were measured. Hematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining was adopted to observe the pathological changes of the hippocampus; enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to detect the levels of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-<em>α</em>, interleukin (IL)-6, and IL-1<em>β</em> in the hippocampus. Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) was used to detect the expression of receptors for advanced glycation end products (RAGE), nuclear factor-<em>κ</em>B (NF-<em>κ</em>B), TNF-<em>α</em>, IL-6, and IL-1<em>β</em> mRNA in the hippocampus. Western blot (WB) was employed to detect the expression levels of advanced glycation end products (AGEs), RAGE, and NF-<em>κ</em>B protein in the hippocampus.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>In D-gal-induced aging rats, BGSD significantly increased food intake, water intake, body weight, gripping strength, and organ indices (<em>P</em> < 0.05), and significantly decreased working memory error (WME), reference memory error (RME), and total memory errors (TE) in an eight-arm maze (<em>P</em> < 0.05). In the step-down test, step-down latency was prolonged and the frequency of errors dropped (<em>P</em> < 0.05). Additionally, BGSD could lessen the harm done to hippocampus neurons, increase serum SOD activity, lower MDA levels, and down-regulate the expression levels of the pro-inflammatory molecules TNF-<em>α</em>, IL-6, and IL-1<em>β</em> (<em>P</em> < 0.05). Further findings showed that BGSD significantly decreased hippocampal AGEs, RAGE, and NF-<em>κ</em>B expression (<em>P</em> < 0.05).</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>By blocking the AGEs/RAGE/NF-<em>κ</em>B signaling pathway, BGSD may regulate the neuroinflammatory damage in D-gal-induced aging rats, and thus improve learning and memory.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":33578,"journal":{"name":"Digital Chinese Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2589377723000575/pdfft?md5=c63d1bd794c0e7b3196b229a4a6129e5&pid=1-s2.0-S2589377723000575-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138334796","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-01DOI: 10.1016/j.dcmed.2023.10.009
Zhou Yiqun , Wu Ping , Tang Yu , Liu Wenlong , Shi Jilian , He Fuyuan
Ganjiang (Zingiberis Rhizoma, ZR) and Jiangtan (Carbonized Zingiberis Rhizoma, CZR) have long been used in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) with a rich history in the treatment of various ailments. While ZR and CZR obviously stem from the same botanical source, their attributes, chemical compositions, pharmacological behaviors, and clinical applications are different owing to variations in the extent of drying and processing they undergo. In this paper, data pertaining to ZR and CZR were retrieved from databases including China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), PubMed, Web of Science, and Google Scholar. These sources were scrutinized to elucidate the distinctions between ZR and CZR arising from carbonization processing in terms of their ethnopharmacology, quality control, chemical compositions, biological activities, pharmacological mechanisms, and clinical uses. In this study, a total of 56 chemical constituents were identified and isolated from ZR and CZR, which primarily encompassed volatile oils, gingerols, and diphenylheptane compounds. CZR's pharmacological effects include hemostatic, anti-oxidant, analgesic, antibacterial, anti-cancer, and other biological activities. ZR has pungent and warm properties. It is a Yang-supplementing herbal medicine for ailments exacerbated by cold or damp climatic influences. CZR is a product of ZR after undergoing high temperature, with diminished intensity of its pungent and warm attributes. This change leads to a more gradual treatment efficacy, renowned hemostatic effects and its ability to gently invigorate the spleen and effectively alleviate diarrhea. Currently, research on the pharmacological mechanism of CZR is mainly focused on the effects of CZR on coagulation and fibrinolysis. Although the healing effect of CZR has long been known, and some correlation has been found between the changing composition and the changing color of the decoctions, people still lack relatively clear processing mechanisms to reflect the characteristics and specific quality standards of the ingredients of CZR's hemostatic effect. This review provides a systematic summary on quality control, chemical composition, ethnopharmacology, and pharmacology of CZR, offering novel perspectives for advancing the exploration of additional carbonized herbal medicine and fostering their application in clinical settings.
甘姜(姜黄,ZR)和姜谭(碳化姜黄,CZR)在中药中使用已久,在治疗各种疾病方面有着悠久的历史。虽然ZR和CZR显然来自相同的植物来源,但由于干燥和加工程度的不同,它们的属性、化学成分、药理行为和临床应用都不同。本文从中国知网(CNKI)、PubMed、Web of Science和Google Scholar等数据库中检索ZR和CZR相关数据。对这些来源进行了仔细审查,以阐明碳化加工产生的ZR和CZR在民族药理学,质量控制,化学成分,生物活性,药理机制和临床用途方面的区别。在本研究中,从ZR和CZR中共鉴定分离到56个化学成分,主要包括挥发油、姜辣素和二苯庚烷类化合物。CZR的药理作用包括止血、抗氧化、镇痛、抗菌、抗癌等生物活性。ZR有辛辣和温暖的性质。它是一种补阳草药,用于治疗因寒冷或潮湿的气候影响而加剧的疾病。CZR是ZR经过高温后的产物,其刺激性和温暖性减弱。这种变化导致了更渐进的治疗效果,著名的止血效果和它的能力温和地健脾和有效地缓解腹泻。目前,对CZR药理机制的研究主要集中在CZR对凝血和纤溶的作用。虽然CZR的治疗作用早已为人所知,并且发现其成分变化与汤剂颜色变化之间存在一定的相关性,但人们仍然缺乏相对明确的加工机制来反映CZR止血作用成分的特点和具体的质量标准。本文就其质量控制、化学成分、民族药理学、药理学等方面的研究进展进行了系统的综述,为进一步开发中药炭化制剂和促进其临床应用提供了新的思路。
{"title":"Effects of carbonization processing on quality control, chemical compositions, and pharmacological mechanism of Ganjiang (Zingiberis Rhizoma)","authors":"Zhou Yiqun , Wu Ping , Tang Yu , Liu Wenlong , Shi Jilian , He Fuyuan","doi":"10.1016/j.dcmed.2023.10.009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dcmed.2023.10.009","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Ganjiang (Zingiberis Rhizoma, ZR) and Jiangtan (Carbonized Zingiberis Rhizoma, CZR) have long been used in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) with a rich history in the treatment of various ailments. While ZR and CZR obviously stem from the same botanical source, their attributes, chemical compositions, pharmacological behaviors, and clinical applications are different owing to variations in the extent of drying and processing they undergo. In this paper, data pertaining to ZR and CZR were retrieved from databases including China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), PubMed, Web of Science, and Google Scholar. These sources were scrutinized to elucidate the distinctions between ZR and CZR arising from carbonization processing in terms of their ethnopharmacology, quality control, chemical compositions, biological activities, pharmacological mechanisms, and clinical uses. In this study, a total of 56 chemical constituents were identified and isolated from ZR and CZR, which primarily encompassed volatile oils, gingerols, and diphenylheptane compounds. CZR's pharmacological effects include hemostatic, anti-oxidant, analgesic, antibacterial, anti-cancer, and other biological activities. ZR has pungent and warm properties. It is a Yang-supplementing herbal medicine for ailments exacerbated by cold or damp climatic influences. CZR is a product of ZR after undergoing high temperature, with diminished intensity of its pungent and warm attributes. This change leads to a more gradual treatment efficacy, renowned hemostatic effects and its ability to gently invigorate the spleen and effectively alleviate diarrhea. Currently, research on the pharmacological mechanism of CZR is mainly focused on the effects of CZR on coagulation and fibrinolysis. Although the healing effect of CZR has long been known, and some correlation has been found between the changing composition and the changing color of the decoctions, people still lack relatively clear processing mechanisms to reflect the characteristics and specific quality standards of the ingredients of CZR's hemostatic effect. This review provides a systematic summary on quality control, chemical composition, ethnopharmacology, and pharmacology of CZR, offering novel perspectives for advancing the exploration of additional carbonized herbal medicine and fostering their application in clinical settings.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":33578,"journal":{"name":"Digital Chinese Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2589377723000599/pdfft?md5=240a119c27f4076e0379025406642fa3&pid=1-s2.0-S2589377723000599-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138395701","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-01DOI: 10.1016/j.dcmed.2023.10.004
Boye Li , Tian Chen , Enhui Ji , Ying Chen , Qin Hu , Qingyan Li
Objective
To investigate the evolution of inflammation under conditions and the effects of ginsenosides on macrophages subjected to the simulated weightlessness, with the aim of mitigating the inflammation.
Methods
Initially, genes related to weightlessness, inflammation, and immunity were identified in the GeneCards database. Then, Search Tool for the Retrieval of Interaction Gene/Proteins (STRING) protein network analysis was conducted to determine the core targets involved in the weightlessness-induced inflammation. Subsequently, Label-Free Quantitative (LFQ) proteomics was carried out to discern the distinctive genes within ginsenoside-treated Tohoku Hospital Pediatrics-1 (THP-1) cells. Next, utilizing the outcomes of Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analyses, the biological processes and signaling pathways in which ginsenosides predominately engaged were scrutinized, and the primary targets of ginsenosides in combating weightlessness-induced inflammation were examined. Finally, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was performed to detect the secretion levels of interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, IL-8, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α from lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced THP-1 cells under simulated weightlessness conditions, as well as during the weightlessness recovery period following treatment with ginsenosides.
Results
A total of 2 933 genes associated with inflammation, 425 genes linked to weightlessness, and 4 564 genes connected to immunity were retrieved from the GeneCards database. Protein-protein interaction (PPI) networks were generated to identify pivotal targets associated with weightlessness-induced inflammation such as IL-1β, IL-6, TNF, and albumin (ALB). It was found that ginsenosides primarily participated in the regulation of various inflammation-related signaling pathways and pathways related to pathogenic microorganism infections. Moreover, it has a significant impact on the expression of proteins such as cluster of differentiation 40 (CD40), IL-1β, and poly ADP-ribose polymerase 1 (PARP1). As revealed in the simulated weightlessness cell test, ginsenosides exhibited a remarkable capacity to attenuate the secretion of inflammatory factors, specifically IL-6 and TNF-α (P < 0.000 1), in THP-1 macrophages following induction by LPS under simulated weightlessness conditions. In addition, it reduced the secretion of IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, and TNF-α (P < 0.000 1) during the weightlessness recovery phase.
Conclusion
Weightlessness can disrupt several inflammation-related signaling pathways, but ginsenosides were shown to mitigate the release of various inflammatory factors in macrophages subjected to simulated weightlessness, thereby exerting a protective role against inflammation. This study has laid a theoretic
目的探讨模拟失重条件下巨噬细胞炎症的演变及人参皂苷对巨噬细胞炎症的影响,以期达到减轻炎症的目的。方法首先,在GeneCards数据库中确定与失重、炎症和免疫相关的基因。然后,使用Search Tool for the Retrieval of Interaction Gene/Proteins (STRING)蛋白网络分析,确定参与失重诱导炎症的核心靶点。随后,进行无标签定量(LFQ)蛋白质组学研究,以识别人参皂苷处理的东北医院儿科-1 (THP-1)细胞中的独特基因。接下来,利用基因本体(GO)和京都基因与基因组百科全书(KEGG)富集分析的结果,仔细检查了人参皂苷主要参与的生物过程和信号通路,并检查了人参皂苷在对抗失重诱导炎症中的主要靶点。最后,采用酶联免疫吸附法(ELISA)检测脂多糖(LPS)诱导的THP-1细胞在模拟失重条件下以及人参皂苷处理后失重恢复期的白细胞介素(IL)-1β、IL-6、IL-8和肿瘤坏死因子(TNF)-α的分泌水平。结果从GeneCards数据库中检索到与炎症相关的基因2 933个,与失重相关的基因425个,与免疫相关的基因4 564个。生成蛋白-蛋白相互作用(PPI)网络,以确定与失重诱导炎症相关的关键靶点,如IL-1β、IL-6、TNF和白蛋白(ALB)。研究发现,人参皂苷主要参与调节多种炎症相关信号通路和病原微生物感染相关通路。此外,它对分化簇40 (CD40)、IL-1β和聚adp核糖聚合酶1 (PARP1)等蛋白的表达也有显著影响。在模拟失重细胞试验中,人参皂苷显示出显著的降低炎症因子分泌的能力,特别是IL-6和TNF-α (P <0.000 1),在模拟失重条件下LPS诱导的THP-1巨噬细胞中。此外,它还能降低IL-1β、IL-6、IL-8和TNF-α的分泌(P <0.000 1)在失重恢复阶段。结论失重可破坏几种炎症相关的信号通路,但人参皂苷可减轻模拟失重巨噬细胞中各种炎症因子的释放,从而发挥抗炎症的保护作用。本研究为进一步探索人参皂苷在失重环境下抗LPS诱导炎症的潜在应用奠定了理论基础。
{"title":"Protective effects of ginsenosides on macrophages subjected to simulated weightlessness","authors":"Boye Li , Tian Chen , Enhui Ji , Ying Chen , Qin Hu , Qingyan Li","doi":"10.1016/j.dcmed.2023.10.004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dcmed.2023.10.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><p>To investigate the evolution of inflammation under conditions and the effects of ginsenosides on macrophages subjected to the simulated weightlessness, with the aim of mitigating the inflammation.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>Initially, genes related to weightlessness, inflammation, and immunity were identified in the GeneCards database. Then, Search Tool for the Retrieval of Interaction Gene/Proteins (STRING) protein network analysis was conducted to determine the core targets involved in the weightlessness-induced inflammation. Subsequently, Label-Free Quantitative (LFQ) proteomics was carried out to discern the distinctive genes within ginsenoside-treated Tohoku Hospital Pediatrics-1 (THP-1) cells. Next, utilizing the outcomes of Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analyses, the biological processes and signaling pathways in which ginsenosides predominately engaged were scrutinized, and the primary targets of ginsenosides in combating weightlessness-induced inflammation were examined. Finally, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was performed to detect the secretion levels of interleukin (IL)-1<em>β</em>, IL-6, IL-8, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-<em>α</em> from lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced THP-1 cells under simulated weightlessness conditions, as well as during the weightlessness recovery period following treatment with ginsenosides.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>A total of 2 933 genes associated with inflammation, 425 genes linked to weightlessness, and 4 564 genes connected to immunity were retrieved from the GeneCards database. Protein-protein interaction (PPI) networks were generated to identify pivotal targets associated with weightlessness-induced inflammation such as IL-1<em>β</em>, IL-6, TNF, and albumin (ALB). It was found that ginsenosides primarily participated in the regulation of various inflammation-related signaling pathways and pathways related to pathogenic microorganism infections. Moreover, it has a significant impact on the expression of proteins such as cluster of differentiation 40 (CD40), IL-1<em>β</em>, and poly ADP-ribose polymerase 1 (PARP1). As revealed in the simulated weightlessness cell test, ginsenosides exhibited a remarkable capacity to attenuate the secretion of inflammatory factors, specifically IL-6 and TNF-<em>α</em> (<em>P</em> < 0.000 1), in THP-1 macrophages following induction by LPS under simulated weightlessness conditions. In addition, it reduced the secretion of IL-1<em>β</em>, IL-6, IL-8, and TNF-<em>α</em> (<em>P</em> < 0.000 1) during the weightlessness recovery phase.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>Weightlessness can disrupt several inflammation-related signaling pathways, but ginsenosides were shown to mitigate the release of various inflammatory factors in macrophages subjected to simulated weightlessness, thereby exerting a protective role against inflammation. This study has laid a theoretic","PeriodicalId":33578,"journal":{"name":"Digital Chinese Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S258937772300054X/pdfft?md5=2927d948d79bc841ab1e0e50f568ca24&pid=1-s2.0-S258937772300054X-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138395699","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-01DOI: 10.1016/j.dcmed.2023.10.010
Liu Ping , Fang Rui , He Jiawei , Li Ze , Zhou Yue , Yang Yong , Cheng Shaowu
[Objective]
To analyze the current status and development trends of the patents of spleen-invigorating health food with the homology of medicine and food in China, and to provide ideas and references for the research and development of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) spleen-invigorating health food with the homology of medicine and food.
[Methods]
The State Administration for Market Regulation website’s “Special Food Information Query Platform” and the incoPat global patent database were searched in this study. Based on the methods of bibliometrics, the registered health food and patents related to spleen-invigorating health food with the homology of medicine and food in China were sorted out. Furthermore, the research and development numbers, provinces, institutions, technology and efficacy classification, major drugs, active ingredients and others of invigorating spleen health food in China were analyzed, and filtered patent data were visualized and analyzed by R programming language and CytoScape software.
[Results]
A total of 285 patents of health food with the homology of medicine and food for invigorating spleen were included and analyzed. From 2012, the patent registration numbers of these spleen-invigorating health food with the homology of medicine and food increased significantly in China. Over the past 20 years, the top five provinces in terms of patent disclosures were Guangdong, Anhui, Jiangsu, Shandong, and Guangxi. It was found that the technical efficacy of over 20 patents was described as “immune enhancement” “digestion” “disease prevention”, etc. Patent applications were mainly aimed at the research and development of the preservation of food or ingredients, the specific therapeutic activity of compounds, and pharmaceutical preparations, which were led by corporation research and development registrations, and supplemented by applications from research institutions and individuals. Among the 285 patents, the top 10 raw materials of spleen-invigorating health food with the homology of medicine and food were Shanyao (Dioscoreae Rhizoma), Fuling (Poria), Shanzha (Crataegi Fructus), Baizhu (Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma), Chenpi (Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium), Dazao (Jujubae Fructus), Gancao (Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma), Fengmi (Mel), Maiya (Hordei Fructus Germinatus), and Dangshen (Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix et Rhizoma). The main functions were to nourish spleen and replenish Qi, invigorate spleen and benefit lungs, nourish blood and promote fluid production, and nourish spleen and stomach.
[Conclusion]
The main drug composition and functional components of spleen-invigorating health food with the homology of medicine and food are relatively clear, and the technical effects of invigorating the spleen and stomach, eliminating accumulation of food, and enhancing immunity are highly targeted. This paper provides evidence for the res
{"title":"Patents research and development prospects of spleen-invigorating health food with the homology of medicine and food from 2000 to 2022: a bibliometric analysis","authors":"Liu Ping , Fang Rui , He Jiawei , Li Ze , Zhou Yue , Yang Yong , Cheng Shaowu","doi":"10.1016/j.dcmed.2023.10.010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dcmed.2023.10.010","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>[Objective]</h3><p>To analyze the current status and development trends of the patents of spleen-invigorating health food with the homology of medicine and food in China, and to provide ideas and references for the research and development of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) spleen-invigorating health food with the homology of medicine and food.</p></div><div><h3>[Methods]</h3><p>The State Administration for Market Regulation website’s “Special Food Information Query Platform” and the incoPat global patent database were searched in this study. Based on the methods of bibliometrics, the registered health food and patents related to spleen-invigorating health food with the homology of medicine and food in China were sorted out. Furthermore, the research and development numbers, provinces, institutions, technology and efficacy classification, major drugs, active ingredients and others of invigorating spleen health food in China were analyzed, and filtered patent data were visualized and analyzed by R programming language and CytoScape software.</p></div><div><h3>[Results]</h3><p>A total of 285 patents of health food with the homology of medicine and food for invigorating spleen were included and analyzed. From 2012, the patent registration numbers of these spleen-invigorating health food with the homology of medicine and food increased significantly in China. Over the past 20 years, the top five provinces in terms of patent disclosures were Guangdong, Anhui, Jiangsu, Shandong, and Guangxi. It was found that the technical efficacy of over 20 patents was described as “immune enhancement” “digestion” “disease prevention”, etc. Patent applications were mainly aimed at the research and development of the preservation of food or ingredients, the specific therapeutic activity of compounds, and pharmaceutical preparations, which were led by corporation research and development registrations, and supplemented by applications from research institutions and individuals. Among the 285 patents, the top 10 raw materials of spleen-invigorating health food with the homology of medicine and food were Shanyao (Dioscoreae Rhizoma), Fuling (Poria), Shanzha (Crataegi Fructus), Baizhu (Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma), Chenpi (Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium), Dazao (Jujubae Fructus), Gancao (Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma), Fengmi (Mel), Maiya (Hordei Fructus Germinatus), and Dangshen (Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix et Rhizoma). The main functions were to nourish spleen and replenish Qi, invigorate spleen and benefit lungs, nourish blood and promote fluid production, and nourish spleen and stomach.</p></div><div><h3>[Conclusion]</h3><p>The main drug composition and functional components of spleen-invigorating health food with the homology of medicine and food are relatively clear, and the technical effects of invigorating the spleen and stomach, eliminating accumulation of food, and enhancing immunity are highly targeted. This paper provides evidence for the res","PeriodicalId":33578,"journal":{"name":"Digital Chinese Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2589377723000605/pdfft?md5=13803e9c59e44f5eb5869e25209f888b&pid=1-s2.0-S2589377723000605-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138395702","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-01DOI: 10.1016/j.dcmed.2023.10.008
Di Zhao , Sharmeen Fayyaz , Ziyang Yi , Zhao Liu , Yan Wang , Ping Cai , Wei He
Objective
To investigate the metabolic trajectory of kidney aging and the effects of Polygonatum sibiricum polysaccharides (PSP) against kidney aging in D-galactose (D-gal)-induced aging mice, based on ultra-performance liquid chromatography/Q-Exactive Orbitrap mass spectrometry (UPLC-Q-Exactive MS/MS).
Methods
A total of 36 C57 BL/6J mice were randomly allocated to six groups: control (CON), model (MOD), PSP low-dose (PSP-L), PSP medium-dose (PSP-M), PSP high-dose (PSP-H), and positive drug ascorbic acid (VC) groups. To create models of aging mice, D-gal was intraperitoneally administered to all other groups of mice except the CON group. After modeling, the appropriate Chinese medicine [PSP-L: 150 mg/(kg·d), PSP-M: 300 mg/(kg·d), PSP-H: 600 mg/(kg·d)] or positive drug [ascorbic acid, 300 mg/(kg·d)] was administered for intervention. Key markers of renal function in urine and serum of mice in each group, such as creatinine (Crea), urea nitrogen (BUN), and uric acid (UA) levels, as well as key indicators of oxidative stress in serum and kidney, including superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), malondialdehyde (MDA), and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) were determined to validate the successful establishment of kidney aging models and to estimate the effects of PSP. Hematoxylin and eosin (HE), periodic acid Schiff (PAS), and β-galactosidase staining were used to assess the renal pathological changes. The metabolic profiles of serum, kidney, and urine samples from CON, MOD, and PSP-H groups were analyzed by UPLC-Q-Exactive MS/MS, and pattern recognition methods were used to outline the metabolic trajectory of kidney aging and to identify the characteristic metabolites.
Results
Age-related alterations in renal histopathology and impaired renal function in mice were also associated with oxidative stress indicators. Following the injection of PSP [PSP-H: 600 mg/(kg·d)], the pathological indices associated with aging were adjusted to normal levels, renal function and oxidative stress were improved in aging mice, and renal pathological damage was markedly improved. Meanwhile, the potential biomarkers were identified by UPLC-Q-Exactive MS/MS analysis and were further analyzed to form related metabolic pathways, with P < 0.05 as a threshold. The results showed that purine, sphingolipid, glycerophospholipid, tryptophan, and riboflavin metabolisms were the main metabolic pathways associated with aging. After administration of PSP, these pathological indices returned to normal levels, and biomarkers related to the aging process, such as adenosine monophosphate (AMP), tryptophan, and 5-hydroxytryptophan, also demonstrated, to some degree, reverse regulation (promoting synthesis).
Conclusion
Metabolomics methods based on UPLC-Q-Exactive MS/MS and multivariate statistical analysis can be adopted to establish metabolic profiles in aging mic
{"title":"Metabolic profile changes of kidney aging and protective effects of Polygonatum sibiricum polysaccharides on D-galactose-induced aging mice","authors":"Di Zhao , Sharmeen Fayyaz , Ziyang Yi , Zhao Liu , Yan Wang , Ping Cai , Wei He","doi":"10.1016/j.dcmed.2023.10.008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dcmed.2023.10.008","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><p>To investigate the metabolic trajectory of kidney aging and the effects of <em>Polygonatum sibiricum</em> polysaccharides (PSP) against kidney aging in D-galactose (D-gal)-induced aging mice, based on ultra-performance liquid chromatography/Q-Exactive Orbitrap mass spectrometry (UPLC-Q-Exactive MS/MS).</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>A total of 36 C57 BL/6J mice were randomly allocated to six groups: control (CON), model (MOD), PSP low-dose (PSP-L), PSP medium-dose (PSP-M), PSP high-dose (PSP-H), and positive drug ascorbic acid (VC) groups. To create models of aging mice, D-gal was intraperitoneally administered to all other groups of mice except the CON group. After modeling, the appropriate Chinese medicine [PSP-L: 150 mg/(kg·d), PSP-M: 300 mg/(kg·d), PSP-H: 600 mg/(kg·d)] or positive drug [ascorbic acid, 300 mg/(kg·d)] was administered for intervention. Key markers of renal function in urine and serum of mice in each group, such as creatinine (Crea), urea nitrogen (BUN), and uric acid (UA) levels, as well as key indicators of oxidative stress in serum and kidney, including superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), malondialdehyde (MDA), and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) were determined to validate the successful establishment of kidney aging models and to estimate the effects of PSP. Hematoxylin and eosin (HE), periodic acid Schiff (PAS), and <em>β</em>-galactosidase staining were used to assess the renal pathological changes. The metabolic profiles of serum, kidney, and urine samples from CON, MOD, and PSP-H groups were analyzed by UPLC-Q-Exactive MS/MS, and pattern recognition methods were used to outline the metabolic trajectory of kidney aging and to identify the characteristic metabolites.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Age-related alterations in renal histopathology and impaired renal function in mice were also associated with oxidative stress indicators. Following the injection of PSP [PSP-H: 600 mg/(kg·d)], the pathological indices associated with aging were adjusted to normal levels, renal function and oxidative stress were improved in aging mice, and renal pathological damage was markedly improved. Meanwhile, the potential biomarkers were identified by UPLC-Q-Exactive MS/MS analysis and were further analyzed to form related metabolic pathways, with <em>P</em> < 0.05 as a threshold. The results showed that purine, sphingolipid, glycerophospholipid, tryptophan, and riboflavin metabolisms were the main metabolic pathways associated with aging. After administration of PSP, these pathological indices returned to normal levels, and biomarkers related to the aging process, such as adenosine monophosphate (AMP), tryptophan, and 5-hydroxytryptophan, also demonstrated, to some degree, reverse regulation (promoting synthesis).</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>Metabolomics methods based on UPLC-Q-Exactive MS/MS and multivariate statistical analysis can be adopted to establish metabolic profiles in aging mic","PeriodicalId":33578,"journal":{"name":"Digital Chinese Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2589377723000587/pdfft?md5=1ab1b4ea1cf4e1cc548df57b29f2697e&pid=1-s2.0-S2589377723000587-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138395703","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The present study was aimed to investigate the neuroprotective effect of Croton hirtus (CH) extract against streptozotocin (STZ) in rats.
Methods
(i) The sub-chronic toxicity consisted of 24 adult rats of either sex weighing from 160 to 200 g were divided into four groups with six rats in each group. Rats in group 1 received Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) mixed with saline; rats in groups 2, 3, and 4 received 100, 200, and 400 mg/kg of methanolic extract of CH (MECH) orally by gavage administration for 28 d, respectively. The functional observation battery and locomotor activity were graded as part of their neurobehavioral activity and the brain regions, including cortex and hippocampus, were analyzed for neuropathological abnormalities. (ii) The main research consisted of 30 adult male Wistar rats weighing from 160 to 200 g, which were divided into five groups and six rats in each group, including control (I), STZ (II), Donepezil (III), MECH (100 mg/kg, IV), and MECH (200 mg/kg, V) groups. Rats in group I received citrate buffer orally and DMSO mixed with saline for 14 d. Rats in group II received STZ via intracerebroventricular injection (3 mg/kg, bilateral ICV-STZ) on days 1 and 3 followed by DMSO mixed with saline for 14 d. Rats in groups III, IV, and V received STZ administration on days 1 and 3 followed by Donepezil [3 mg/(kg·d), p.o.] and MECH [100 and 200 mg/(kg·d), p.o.] for 14 d. Rats were tested for learning and memory parameters such as Morris water maze (MWM) and passive avoidance test (PAT). They were sacrificed after completing behavioural experiments; brains were harvested to estimate the acetylcholinesterase (AChE), lipid peroxidation (LPO), glutathione (GSH), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) by using UV-Visible Spectrophotometer; caspase-3 was evaluated by total fluorescence emission spectra; amyloid β (Aβ) levels were detected using enzyme-linked immuosorbent assay (ELISA); and histopathological examination was conducted in the CA1 region of the hippocampus.
Results
(i) The sub-chronic toxicity results revealed that open field test parameters including line crossing, rearing, entering the middle square, defecating, or urinating did not differ significantly in the MECH rats (P > 0.05). The histopathological observation did not show any lesions in the neuronal cells and inflammation in both the regions in MECH rats compared with control rats. (ii) The main study findings demonstrated that STZ-treated rats showed a significant increase in impairment in learning and memory parameters (P < 0.001), the levels of AChE, caspase-3, Aβ (1-40 and 1-42), and LPO were increased significantly (P < 0.001), and significant decrease was found in the levels of SOD (P < 0.001) and GSH (P < 0.01). Moreover, neuronal damage was found in the hippocampus. In contrast, STZ-induced behaviou
{"title":"Croton hirtus attenuating streptozotocin-induced neuroinflammation in rats","authors":"Prakash Ramakrishnan , Jayaram Rajangam , Binoy Varghese Cherian , Jose Prakash Dharmian","doi":"10.1016/j.dcmed.2023.10.005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dcmed.2023.10.005","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><p>The present study was aimed to investigate the neuroprotective effect of <em>Croton hirtus</em> (CH) extract against streptozotocin (STZ) in rats.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>(i) The sub-chronic toxicity consisted of 24 adult rats of either sex weighing from 160 to 200 g were divided into four groups with six rats in each group. Rats in group 1 received Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) mixed with saline; rats in groups 2, 3, and 4 received 100, 200, and 400 mg/kg of methanolic extract of CH (MECH) orally by gavage administration for 28 d, respectively. The functional observation battery and locomotor activity were graded as part of their neurobehavioral activity and the brain regions, including cortex and hippocampus, were analyzed for neuropathological abnormalities. (ii) The main research consisted of 30 adult male Wistar rats weighing from 160 to 200 g, which were divided into five groups and six rats in each group, including control (I), STZ (II), Donepezil (III), MECH (100 mg/kg, IV), and MECH (200 mg/kg, V) groups. Rats in group I received citrate buffer orally and DMSO mixed with saline for 14 d. Rats in group II received STZ via intracerebroventricular injection (3 mg/kg, bilateral ICV-STZ) on days 1 and 3 followed by DMSO mixed with saline for 14 d. Rats in groups III, IV, and V received STZ administration on days 1 and 3 followed by Donepezil [3 mg/(kg·d), p.o.] and MECH [100 and 200 mg/(kg·d), p.o.] for 14 d. Rats were tested for learning and memory parameters such as Morris water maze (MWM) and passive avoidance test (PAT). They were sacrificed after completing behavioural experiments; brains were harvested to estimate the acetylcholinesterase (AChE), lipid peroxidation (LPO), glutathione (GSH), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) by using UV-Visible Spectrophotometer; caspase-3 was evaluated by total fluorescence emission spectra; amyloid <em>β</em> (A<em>β</em>) levels were detected using enzyme-linked immuosorbent assay (ELISA); and histopathological examination was conducted in the CA1 region of the hippocampus.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>(i) The sub-chronic toxicity results revealed that open field test parameters including line crossing, rearing, entering the middle square, defecating, or urinating did not differ significantly in the MECH rats (<em>P</em> > 0.05). The histopathological observation did not show any lesions in the neuronal cells and inflammation in both the regions in MECH rats compared with control rats. (ii) The main study findings demonstrated that STZ-treated rats showed a significant increase in impairment in learning and memory parameters (<em>P</em> < 0.001), the levels of AChE, caspase-3, A<em>β</em> (1-40 and 1-42), and LPO were increased significantly (<em>P</em> < 0.001), and significant decrease was found in the levels of SOD (<em>P</em> < 0.001) and GSH (<em>P</em> < 0.01). Moreover, neuronal damage was found in the hippocampus. In contrast, STZ-induced behaviou","PeriodicalId":33578,"journal":{"name":"Digital Chinese Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2589377723000551/pdfft?md5=9e59cc4b8f715c1c1bb16398c44a8ffe&pid=1-s2.0-S2589377723000551-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138335255","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-01DOI: 10.1016/j.dcmed.2023.10.006
Ying Wang , Ying Deng , Jing Lu , Jun Peng , Yasha Zhou , Yijing Yang , Qinghua Peng
Objective
To explore whether Lycium barbarum polysaccharide (LBP) can reduce the apoptosis of retinal photoreceptor cells in retinitis pigmentosa (RP) mice by inhibiting nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB)/NOD-like receptor thermal protein domain-associated protein 3 (NLRP3) signaling pathway.
Methods
(i) In vitro experiments, mouse retinal ganglion cells (661W cells) were divided into normal, model, LBP low-dose (LBP-L, 40 mg/L), LBP middle-dose (LBP-M, 80 mg/L), LBP high-dose (LBP-H, 160 mg/L), and positive drug control (NLRP3 inhibitor, 160 mg/L) groups. And the 661W cells were exposed to varying concentrations of H2O2 ranging from 50 to 400 μmol/L to determine the optimal concentration for inducing apoptosis (200 μmol/L). Then the cell viability was assessed using Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8), while the apoptosis rate was detected by flow cytometry; the expression of NLRP3 was detected by immunofluorescence; and the expression of apoptosis markers was detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and Western blot (WB). (ii) In vivo assays were carried out with the use of C57/BL6 and Rd10 mice. The animal experimental groups were divided into normal, model, LBP-L, LBP-M, LBP-H, and NLRP3 inhibitor groups, in which the normal group was C57/BL6 mice and the other groups were Rd10 mice. Ten mice were included in each group, and the corresponding drugs were administered intragastrically for a duration of four weeks. NF-κB/NLRP3 pathway and the expression of apoptosis markers were observed by electroretinogram, histopathological examination, and WB to assess the effects of LBP on retinal photoreceptor cell apoptosis.
Results
(i) In vitro experiments, compared with the normal group, the apoptosis rate of 661W cells in model group was significantly increased (P < 0.01), and the expression levels of key proteins of NF-κB/NLRP pathway, such as NLRP3, NF-κB, p-NF-κB, and pro-apoptotic protein caspase-3, were up-regulated (P < 0.01). The rate of Bax/Bcl-2 was increased (P < 0.01), and the concentrations of interleukin (IL)-1β and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α were significantly increased (P < 0.01). Compared with the model group, high dose of LBP decreased the apoptosis rate of 661W cells (P < 0.01), and down-regulated the expression levels of the key proteins of NF-κB/NLRP3 pathway, including NF-κB, NLRP3, p-NF-κB, and caspase-3 (P < 0.01). The rate of Bax/Bcl-2 was decreased (P < 0.01), and the concentrations of IL-1β and TNF-α were decreased (P < 0.01). (ii) In vivo experiments, high dose of LBP significantly increased morphological changes in the outer nuclear layer (ONL) thickness of Rd10 mice, as well as functional
{"title":"Inhibition of photoreceptor apoptosis in mice with retinitis pigmentosa through NF-κB/NLRP3 pathway suppression with Lycium barbarum polysaccharide","authors":"Ying Wang , Ying Deng , Jing Lu , Jun Peng , Yasha Zhou , Yijing Yang , Qinghua Peng","doi":"10.1016/j.dcmed.2023.10.006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dcmed.2023.10.006","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><p>To explore whether <em>Lycium barbarum</em> polysaccharide (LBP) can reduce the apoptosis of retinal photoreceptor cells in retinitis pigmentosa (RP) mice by inhibiting nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-<em>κ</em>B)/NOD-like receptor thermal protein domain-associated protein 3 (NLRP3) signaling pathway.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>(i) <em>In vitro</em> experiments, mouse retinal ganglion cells (661W cells) were divided into normal, model, LBP low-dose (LBP-L, 40 mg/L), LBP middle-dose (LBP-M, 80 mg/L), LBP high-dose (LBP-H, 160 mg/L), and positive drug control (NLRP3 inhibitor, 160 mg/L) groups. And the 661W cells were exposed to varying concentrations of H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> ranging from 50 to 400 μmol/L to determine the optimal concentration for inducing apoptosis (200 μmol/L). Then the cell viability was assessed using Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8), while the apoptosis rate was detected by flow cytometry; the expression of NLRP3 was detected by immunofluorescence; and the expression of apoptosis markers was detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and Western blot (WB). (ii) <em>In vivo</em> assays were carried out with the use of C57/BL6 and Rd10 mice. The animal experimental groups were divided into normal, model, LBP-L, LBP-M, LBP-H, and NLRP3 inhibitor groups, in which the normal group was C57/BL6 mice and the other groups were Rd10 mice. Ten mice were included in each group, and the corresponding drugs were administered intragastrically for a duration of four weeks. NF-<em>κ</em>B/NLRP3 pathway and the expression of apoptosis markers were observed by electroretinogram, histopathological examination, and WB to assess the effects of LBP on retinal photoreceptor cell apoptosis.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>(i) <em>In vitro</em> experiments, compared with the normal group, the apoptosis rate of 661W cells in model group was significantly increased (<em>P</em> < 0.01), and the expression levels of key proteins of NF-<em>κ</em>B/NLRP pathway, such as NLRP3, NF-<em>κ</em>B, p-NF-<em>κ</em>B, and pro-apoptotic protein caspase-3, were up-regulated (<em>P</em> < 0.01). The rate of Bax/Bcl-2 was increased (<em>P</em> < 0.01), and the concentrations of interleukin (IL)-1<em>β</em> and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-<em>α</em> were significantly increased (<em>P</em> < 0.01). Compared with the model group, high dose of LBP decreased the apoptosis rate of 661W cells (<em>P</em> < 0.01), and down-regulated the expression levels of the key proteins of NF-<em>κ</em>B/NLRP3 pathway, including NF-<em>κ</em>B, NLRP3, p-NF-<em>κ</em>B, and caspase-3 (<em>P</em> < 0.01). The rate of Bax/Bcl-2 was decreased (<em>P</em> < 0.01), and the concentrations of IL-1<em>β</em> and TNF-<em>α</em> were decreased (<em>P</em> < 0.01). (ii) <em>In vivo</em> experiments, high dose of LBP significantly increased morphological changes in the outer nuclear layer (ONL) thickness of Rd10 mice, as well as functional ","PeriodicalId":33578,"journal":{"name":"Digital Chinese Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2589377723000563/pdfft?md5=207e252e42ac4112582b53caf0987ee7&pid=1-s2.0-S2589377723000563-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138390010","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}