Pub Date : 2022-12-01DOI: 10.1016/j.dcmed.2022.12.009
Shuna SONG, Zhensu SHE
Following the quantum theory-based physical model of the human body, a new interpretation of the traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) principle of “Cunkou reads viscera” is presented. Then, a Gaussian pulse wave model as a solution to the Schrodinger equation is shown to accurately describe 19 different pulse shapes, and to quantitatively capture the degree of Yin-Yang attributes of 13 pulse shapes. Furthermore, the model suggests using pulse depth and strength as leading-order quantity and pulse shape as first-order quantity, to characterize the hierarchical resonance between the human body and the environment. The future pulse informatics will focus on determining an individual’s unique quantum human equilibrium state, and diagnose its health state according to the pulse deviation from its equilibrium state, to truly achieve the high level of TCM: “knowing the normal state and reaching the change”.
{"title":"A new interpretation of TCM pulse diagnosis based on quantum physical model of the human body","authors":"Shuna SONG, Zhensu SHE","doi":"10.1016/j.dcmed.2022.12.009","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dcmed.2022.12.009","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Following the quantum theory-based physical model of the human body, a new interpretation of the traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) principle of “Cunkou reads viscera” is presented. Then, a Gaussian pulse wave model as a solution to the Schrodinger equation is shown to accurately describe 19 different pulse shapes, and to quantitatively capture the degree of Yin-Yang attributes of 13 pulse shapes. Furthermore, the model suggests using pulse depth and strength as leading-order quantity and pulse shape as first-order quantity, to characterize the hierarchical resonance between the human body and the environment. The future pulse informatics will focus on determining an individual’s unique quantum human equilibrium state, and diagnose its health state according to the pulse deviation from its equilibrium state, to truly achieve the high level of TCM: “knowing the normal state and reaching the change”.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":33578,"journal":{"name":"Digital Chinese Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2589377722000799/pdfft?md5=ca094b5578857d4b8e10fa4721ab0df4&pid=1-s2.0-S2589377722000799-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75263822","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-01DOI: 10.1016/j.dcmed.2022.10.004
Gérard Vergoten , Christian Bailly
Objective
Bouchardatine (1) is a β-indoloquinazoline alkaloid isolated from the plant Bouchardatia neurococca, acting as a modulator of adipogenesis and lipogenesis, and as an anticancer agent. The natural product functions as an activator of proteins adenosine 5’-monophosphate (AMP)-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and sirtuin 1 (SIRT1). We used molecular modeling to investigate the SIRT1-binding capacity of compound 1 and various structural analogues, such as orirenierine A (2) and orirenierine B (3) isolated from the medicinal plant Oricia renieri.
Methods
We investigated the binding to human SIRT1 (hSIRT1) of 25 natural products including the β-indoloquinazoline alkaloids 1 − 3 and analogues, in comparison with the reference product sirtinol (R and S isomers). A sirtinol binding model was elaborated starting from the closed and open state conformations of the catalytic domain of hSIRT1 (PDB structures 4KXQ and 4IG9). For each compound bound to SIRT1, the empirical energy of interaction (ΔE) was calculated and compared to that of sirtinol.
Results
In our model, compound1 was found to bind modestly to the sirtinol site of SIRT1. In contrast, the presence of a phenolic OH group at position 7 on the quinazolinone moiety conferred a much higher binding capacity. Compound 2 provided SIRT1 protein complexes as stable as those observed with sirtinol. The replacement of the hydroxy substituent (2) with a methoxy group (3) reduced the SIRT1 binding capacity. Other SIRT1-binding natural products were identified, such as the alkaloids orisuaveolines A and B. Structure-binding relationships were discussed.
Conclusion
The study underlines the capacity of β-indoloquinazoline alkaloids to interact with SIRT1. This deacetylase enzyme could represent a molecular target for the alkaloid 2. This compound merits further attention for the design of drugs active against SIRT1-dependent pathologies.
{"title":"Molecular modeling of alkaloids bouchardatine and orirenierine binding to sirtuin-1 (SIRT1)","authors":"Gérard Vergoten , Christian Bailly","doi":"10.1016/j.dcmed.2022.10.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dcmed.2022.10.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><p>Bouchardatine (<strong>1</strong>) is a <em>β</em>-indoloquinazoline alkaloid isolated from the plant <em>Bouchardatia neurococca</em>, acting as a modulator of adipogenesis and lipogenesis, and as an anticancer agent. The natural product functions as an activator of proteins adenosine 5’-monophosphate (AMP)-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and sirtuin 1 (SIRT1). We used molecular modeling to investigate the SIRT1-binding capacity of compound <strong>1</strong> and various structural analogues, such as orirenierine A (<strong>2</strong>) and orirenierine B (<strong>3</strong>) isolated from the medicinal plant <em>Oricia renieri</em>.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>We investigated the binding to human SIRT1 (hSIRT1) of 25 natural products including the <em>β</em>-indoloquinazoline alkaloids <strong>1</strong> − <strong>3</strong> and analogues, in comparison with the reference product sirtinol (<em>R</em> and <em>S</em> isomers). A sirtinol binding model was elaborated starting from the closed and open state conformations of the catalytic domain of hSIRT1 (PDB structures 4KXQ and 4IG9). For each compound bound to SIRT1, the empirical energy of interaction (<em>Δ</em>E) was calculated and compared to that of sirtinol.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>In our model, compound<strong>1</strong> was found to bind modestly to the sirtinol site of SIRT1. In contrast, the presence of a phenolic OH group at position 7 on the quinazolinone moiety conferred a much higher binding capacity. Compound <strong>2</strong> provided SIRT1 protein complexes as stable as those observed with sirtinol. The replacement of the hydroxy substituent (<strong>2</strong>) with a methoxy group (<strong>3</strong>) reduced the SIRT1 binding capacity. Other SIRT1-binding natural products were identified, such as the alkaloids orisuaveolines A and B. Structure-binding relationships were discussed.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>The study underlines the capacity of <em>β</em>-indoloquinazoline alkaloids to interact with SIRT1. This deacetylase enzyme could represent a molecular target for the alkaloid <strong>2</strong>. This compound merits further attention for the design of drugs active against SIRT1-dependent pathologies.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":33578,"journal":{"name":"Digital Chinese Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2589377722000519/pdfft?md5=8719fda5424ec12da1152c2e2f54fe34&pid=1-s2.0-S2589377722000519-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81608525","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-01DOI: 10.1016/j.dcmed.2022.10.008
Mao Yizhi , Li Liang , Luo Zhihong , Huang Yahui , Wu Huaying , Yang Ping , Peng Qinghua
Objective
To explore the effect and mechanism of Chaihu Longgu Muli Decoction (柴胡龙骨牡蛎汤, CHLGMLD) in rats with temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE).
Methods
A total of 80 Sprague-Dawley (SD) male rats were randomized into control (CON), model (MOD), carbamazepine (CBZ, 0.1 g/kg), CHLGMLD low dose (CHLGMLD-L, 12.5 g/kg), and high dose (CHLGMLD-H, 25 g/kg) groups, with 16 rats in each group. TLE rat models were established in the four groups with the use of lithium-pilocarpine except for the CON group. After the successful establishment of TLE models, all drugs were administered through gavage, and distilled water was given to rats in the CON and MOD groups for four weeks. The frequency and duration of seizures before and after treatment were recorded for the evaluation of the alleviation degree. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) was used to detect the expression levels of miR-146a-3p and miR-146a-5p. The expression levels of toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), interleukin-1 receptor-associated kinase 1 (IRAK1), tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptor-associated factor 6 (TRAF6), TAK1-binding protein (TAB), nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB), and interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β) in hippocampus were tested by immunofluorescence assay. Correlation analysis between the above factors and expressions of miR-146a-3p and miR-146a-5p were performed separately.
Results
CHLGMLD decreased the frequency (P < 0.05) and duration (P < 0.01) of seizures in rats. CHLGMLD down-regulated the expression levels of miR-146a-5p and miR-146a-3p (P < 0.05), and inhibited the expression levels of TLR4, IRAK1, TRAF6, TAB, NF-κB, and IL-1β (P < 0.01). The correlation analysis revealed that the expression levels of TLR4, IRAK1, TRAF6, TAB, NF-κB, and IL-1β were positively correlated with the expression levels of miR-146a-3p and miR-146a-5p detected by qRT-PCR, respectively (P < 0.01).
Conclusion
CHLGMLD can inhibite the TLR4 signaling pathway by lowering the expression levels of miR-146a-3p and miR-146a-5p to alleviate hippocampal dentate gyrus inflammation in TLE rats, thus relieving seizures.
{"title":"Chaihu Longgu Muli Decoction relieving temporal lobe epilepsy in rats by inhibiting TLR4 signaling pathway through miR-146a-3p and miR-146a-5p","authors":"Mao Yizhi , Li Liang , Luo Zhihong , Huang Yahui , Wu Huaying , Yang Ping , Peng Qinghua","doi":"10.1016/j.dcmed.2022.10.008","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dcmed.2022.10.008","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><p>To explore the effect and mechanism of Chaihu Longgu Muli Decoction (柴胡龙骨牡蛎汤, CHLGMLD) in rats with temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE).</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>A total of 80 Sprague-Dawley (SD) male rats were randomized into control (CON), model (MOD), carbamazepine (CBZ, 0.1 g/kg), CHLGMLD low dose (CHLGMLD-L, 12.5 g/kg), and high dose (CHLGMLD-H, 25 g/kg) groups, with 16 rats in each group. TLE rat models were established in the four groups with the use of lithium-pilocarpine except for the CON group. After the successful establishment of TLE models, all drugs were administered through gavage, and distilled water was given to rats in the CON and MOD groups for four weeks. The frequency and duration of seizures before and after treatment were recorded for the evaluation of the alleviation degree. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) was used to detect the expression levels of miR-146a-3p and miR-146a-5p. The expression levels of toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), interleukin-1 receptor-associated kinase 1 (IRAK1), tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptor-associated factor 6 (TRAF6), TAK1-binding protein (TAB), nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-<em>κ</em>B), and interleukin-1 beta (IL-1<em>β</em>) in hippocampus were tested by immunofluorescence assay. Correlation analysis between the above factors and expressions of miR-146a-3p and miR-146a-5p were performed separately.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>CHLGMLD decreased the frequency (<em>P</em> < 0.05) and duration (<em>P</em> < 0.01) of seizures in rats. CHLGMLD down-regulated the expression levels of miR-146a-5p and miR-146a-3p (<em>P</em> < 0.05), and inhibited the expression levels of TLR4, IRAK1, TRAF6, TAB, NF-<em>κ</em>B, and IL-1<em>β</em> (<em>P</em> < 0.01). The correlation analysis revealed that the expression levels of TLR4, IRAK1, TRAF6, TAB, NF-<em>κ</em>B, and IL-1<em>β</em> were positively correlated with the expression levels of miR-146a-3p and miR-146a-5p detected by qRT-PCR, respectively (<em>P</em> < 0.01).</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>CHLGMLD can inhibite the TLR4 signaling pathway by lowering the expression levels of miR-146a-3p and miR-146a-5p to alleviate hippocampal dentate gyrus inflammation in TLE rats, thus relieving seizures.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":33578,"journal":{"name":"Digital Chinese Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2589377722000556/pdfft?md5=0a656cc8a477e44d498d4407dd7c5988&pid=1-s2.0-S2589377722000556-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83550971","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-01DOI: 10.1016/j.dcmed.2022.10.011
Zhang Jia , L.I. Kai , Liao Duanfang
{"title":"Application of Nuc-mtDNA and DNA methylation analysis in life science and medical studies","authors":"Zhang Jia , L.I. Kai , Liao Duanfang","doi":"10.1016/j.dcmed.2022.10.011","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dcmed.2022.10.011","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":33578,"journal":{"name":"Digital Chinese Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2589377722000581/pdfft?md5=30e84bab4b7e9664a07dc10bfa3320a5&pid=1-s2.0-S2589377722000581-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77327456","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-01DOI: 10.1016/j.dcmed.2022.10.009
Gao Yao , Wu Zhenhui , Wu Min , Abid Naeem , Li Weizhizi , Zhang Daling , Liu Fan , Zeng Yingjian
Objective
Through bibliometrics and visual analysis of the related studies on traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) treatment of immune thrombocytopenia (ITP), this study aims to sort out the overall research progress, hotspots, and trends in this field, and provide reference for further research in ITP.
Methods
The articles on ITP treated by TCM were retrieved from China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Wanfang Database, China Science and Technology Journal Database (VIP), Web of Science Core Collection (WOSCC), and PubMed. The retrieval time was from the establishment of the databases to July 31, 2022. VOSviewer, CiteSpace, Carrot2, and NoteExpress were used for data analysis of the articles in terms of their quantities, types, and journals, and for visualization of research hotspots, authors, institutions, and keywords.
Results
1 493 Chinese articles and 40 English articles were included. The articles in Chinese mainly focus on clinical trial research and clinical experience summary, while the English articles mainly focus on clinical trial research and animal research. The Chinese articles were published in 317 Chinese journals, while English articles were published in 29 English journals. Research hotspots include the clinical syndrome differentiation of ITP, the therapeutic effect of TCM compounds on ITP, and the mechanism of ITP treatment. Keyword analysis shows that there are many research achievements in integrated traditional Chinese and western medicine treatment, clinical research, famous doctors’ experience, TCM treatment, cellular immunity, and humoral immunity. The authors with the most articles in Chinese and English are Professor CHEN Xinyi and Professor MA Rou, respectively, and the research institutions with the most articles are Dongzhimen Hospital of Beijing University of Chinese Medicine and Xiyuan Hospital of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences. Chinese herbs often used to treat ITP clinically include Xianhecao (Agrimoniae Herba), Nvzhenzi (Ligustri Lucidi Fructus), Mohanlian (Ecliptae Herba), Zhongjiefeng (Sarcandrae Herba), etc., and the prescription usually used to treat ITP include Guipi Decoction (归脾汤), Xijiao Dihuang Decoction (犀角地黄汤), Bazhen Decoction (八珍汤), Erzhi Pill (二至丸), and Xiaochaihu Decoction (小柴胡汤). The main development trends toward retrospective study, TCM treatment mechanism, and data mining.
Conclusion
The research on TCM treatment of ITP has progressed steadily, but in-depth studies and close cooperation between research institutions are necessary for the modernization of TCM in treating ITP.
{"title":"Visual analysis of research hotspots and trends in the treatment of immune thrombocytopenia with traditional Chinese medicine","authors":"Gao Yao , Wu Zhenhui , Wu Min , Abid Naeem , Li Weizhizi , Zhang Daling , Liu Fan , Zeng Yingjian","doi":"10.1016/j.dcmed.2022.10.009","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dcmed.2022.10.009","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><p>Through bibliometrics and visual analysis of the related studies on traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) treatment of immune thrombocytopenia (ITP), this study aims to sort out the overall research progress, hotspots, and trends in this field, and provide reference for further research in ITP.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>The articles on ITP treated by TCM were retrieved from China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Wanfang Database, China Science and Technology Journal Database (VIP), Web of Science Core Collection (WOSCC), and PubMed. The retrieval time was from the establishment of the databases to July 31, 2022. VOSviewer, CiteSpace, Carrot2, and NoteExpress were used for data analysis of the articles in terms of their quantities, types, and journals, and for visualization of research hotspots, authors, institutions, and keywords.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>1 493 Chinese articles and 40 English articles were included. The articles in Chinese mainly focus on clinical trial research and clinical experience summary, while the English articles mainly focus on clinical trial research and animal research. The Chinese articles were published in 317 Chinese journals, while English articles were published in 29 English journals. Research hotspots include the clinical syndrome differentiation of ITP, the therapeutic effect of TCM compounds on ITP, and the mechanism of ITP treatment. Keyword analysis shows that there are many research achievements in integrated traditional Chinese and western medicine treatment, clinical research, famous doctors’ experience, TCM treatment, cellular immunity, and humoral immunity. The authors with the most articles in Chinese and English are Professor CHEN Xinyi and Professor MA Rou, respectively, and the research institutions with the most articles are Dongzhimen Hospital of Beijing University of Chinese Medicine and Xiyuan Hospital of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences. Chinese herbs often used to treat ITP clinically include Xianhecao (Agrimoniae Herba), Nvzhenzi (Ligustri Lucidi Fructus), Mohanlian (Ecliptae Herba), Zhongjiefeng (Sarcandrae Herba), etc., and the prescription usually used to treat ITP include Guipi Decoction (归脾汤), Xijiao Dihuang Decoction (犀角地黄汤), Bazhen Decoction (八珍汤), Erzhi Pill (二至丸), and Xiaochaihu Decoction (小柴胡汤). The main development trends toward retrospective study, TCM treatment mechanism, and data mining.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>The research on TCM treatment of ITP has progressed steadily, but in-depth studies and close cooperation between research institutions are necessary for the modernization of TCM in treating ITP.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":33578,"journal":{"name":"Digital Chinese Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2589377722000568/pdfft?md5=26ec3e3a10a8d0bb24ce4c96c76bbd17&pid=1-s2.0-S2589377722000568-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88885097","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-01DOI: 10.1016/j.dcmed.2022.10.005
Wei Liangkai , Hou Gaifeng , Long Cimin , Chen Fengming , Bai Xinliang , Li Rui , Yin Yulong
Objective
The experiment was conducted to explore the effects of silymarin on reproductive and lactation performance, serum antioxidants, and body metabolism of sows.
Methods
Sixty pregnant sows (85 d, Large × Landrace) with similar genetic background, body condition, and parity were randomly divided into three groups, and each group has 20 individually housed sows. The sows in the control group (CG) were fed with basal diet, and those in the experimental group A (EGA) and B (EGB) were fed with basal diet containing 250 and 500 mg/kg silymarin, respectively. The experiment lasted 46 days from day 85 of gestation to the end of lactation (weaning on day 17 ).The milk composition and serum biochemical parameters were determined by a milk composition analyzer and a blood biochemical analyzer, respectively. Serum antioxidant indexes and plasma hormone levels were measured using the biochemical kits. The gas chromatograph was applied to detect the fecal short chain fatty acids.
Results
Compared with the CG, the total feed intake (TFI) and average daily feed intake (ADFI) were significantly increased (P < 0.01), and the urea content in regular milk tended to increase (P = 0.095) in the EG. The serum malondialdehyde (MDA) contents were decreased on day 90 of gestation and the day of farrowing (P < 0.01), and the serum contents of total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) tended to increase on day 17 of lactation (P = 0.099) compared with the CG. Compared with the CG, the serum triglyceride (TG) concentrations in the EG tended to increase on day 90 of gestation (P = 0.062), and the content of serum total protein (TP) and albumin (ALB) reduced on day 17 of lactation (P < 0.01). Compared with the CG, plasm D-lactic acid content was decreased (P < 0.05), and the plasma prostaglandin (PG) level tended to increase (P = 0.088) in the EG on the day of farrowing and day 17 of lactation. Compared with the CG, fecal isobutyric acid concentration in the EG significantly decreased on the day of farrowing ( P < 0.05).
Conclusion
Adding 250 – 500 mg/kg silymarin to diets from the late gestation to the end of lactation could improve reproductive and lactation performance of sows via the regulation of nutrient metabolism and serum antioxidant.
{"title":"Dietary silymarin ameliorating reproductive and lactation performance of sows via regulating body antioxidant and metabolism","authors":"Wei Liangkai , Hou Gaifeng , Long Cimin , Chen Fengming , Bai Xinliang , Li Rui , Yin Yulong","doi":"10.1016/j.dcmed.2022.10.005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dcmed.2022.10.005","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><p>The experiment was conducted to explore the effects of silymarin on reproductive and lactation performance, serum antioxidants, and body metabolism of sows.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>Sixty pregnant sows (85 d, Large × Landrace) with similar genetic background, body condition, and parity were randomly divided into three groups, and each group has 20 individually housed sows. The sows in the control group (CG) were fed with basal diet, and those in the experimental group A (EGA) and B (EGB) were fed with basal diet containing 250 and 500 mg/kg silymarin, respectively. The experiment lasted 46 days from day 85 of gestation to the end of lactation (weaning on day 17 ).The milk composition and serum biochemical parameters were determined by a milk composition analyzer and a blood biochemical analyzer, respectively. Serum antioxidant indexes and plasma hormone levels were measured using the biochemical kits. The gas chromatograph was applied to detect the fecal short chain fatty acids.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Compared with the CG, the total feed intake (TFI) and average daily feed intake (ADFI) were significantly increased (<em>P</em> < 0.01), and the urea content in regular milk tended to increase (<em>P</em> = 0.095) in the EG. The serum malondialdehyde (MDA) contents were decreased on day 90 of gestation and the day of farrowing (<em>P</em> < 0.01), and the serum contents of total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) tended to increase on day 17 of lactation (<em>P</em> = 0.099) compared with the CG. Compared with the CG, the serum triglyceride (TG) concentrations in the EG tended to increase on day 90 of gestation (<em>P</em> = 0.062), and the content of serum total protein (TP) and albumin (ALB) reduced on day 17 of lactation (<em>P</em> < 0.01). Compared with the CG, plasm D-lactic acid content was decreased (<em>P</em> < 0.05), and the plasma prostaglandin (PG) level tended to increase (<em>P</em> = 0.088) in the EG on the day of farrowing and day 17 of lactation. Compared with the CG, fecal isobutyric acid concentration in the EG significantly decreased on the day of farrowing ( <em>P</em> < 0.05).</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>Adding 250 – 500 mg/kg silymarin to diets from the late gestation to the end of lactation could improve reproductive and lactation performance of sows via the regulation of nutrient metabolism and serum antioxidant.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":33578,"journal":{"name":"Digital Chinese Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2589377722000520/pdfft?md5=f9c3c5cce0e23351bb103e327c36a23b&pid=1-s2.0-S2589377722000520-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85699500","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
To investigate the efficacy and mechanism of action of Compound Chaijin Jieyu Tablets (复方柴金解郁片, CCJJYT) in rats with insomnia complicated with depression.
Methods
Seventy-two Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly assigned into eight groups: the control, chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS), sleep deprivation (SD), CUMS + SD, positive drug (venlafaxine hydrochloride + diazepam), CCJJYT high-dose (CCJJYT˗2×), medium-dose (CCJJYT˗1×), and low-dose (CCJJYT˗0.5×) groups, with nine rats in each group. Depression-like behavior was evaluated by body weight, food intake, and behavioral tests such as the sucrose preference test (SPT), open field test (OFT), forced swimming test (FST), and pentobarbital-induced sleep test (PST). Hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining and Golgi-Cox staining were used to observe changes in pathological tissue and synaptic morphology, respectively. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to detect the contents of orexin-A and acetylcholine. The expression levels of orexin receptor 1 (OXR1), melatonin receptor 1 (MT1A), melatonin receptor 2 (MT1B), acetylcholinesterase (AChE), and choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) were detected by immunohistochemistry and Western blot.
Results
In the present study, rats in the model group showed significant behavioral changes as well as a reduction in hippocampal dendritic branch length and synaptic number, along with increasing the content of orexin A and acetylcholine (P< 0.05), and altered expression levels of OX1R, MT1A, MT1B, ChAT, and AChE in the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex after modeling (P < 0.05). CCJJYT can improve depressive insomnia behavior and synaptic plasticity of rats (P < 0.05), which is similar to that of the positive drug group. It can also decrease the content of orexin A and acetylcholine, and reduce the expression levels of OXR1 and ChAT in hippocampus and prefrontal cortex (P < 0.05), and increase the expression levels of MT1A, MT1B, and AChE proteins (P < 0.05).
Conclusion
CCJJYT has good antidepressant and insomnia effects, probably through the regu-lation of orexin-A, melatonin, and acetylcholine content in hippocampus and prefrontal cortex of rats, improving synaptic plasticity and thus exerting antidepressant and insomnia effects.
{"title":"Compound Chaijin Jieyu Tablets ameliorating insomnia complicated with depression by improving synaptic plasticity via regulating orexin A, melatonin, and acetylcholine contents","authors":"H.A.N. Yuanshan , L.I.A.O. Xiaolin , R.E.N. Tingting , W.A.N.G. Yeqing , L.I. Zirong , Z.O.U. Manshu , W.A.N.G. Yuhong","doi":"10.1016/j.dcmed.2022.10.007","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dcmed.2022.10.007","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><p>To investigate the efficacy and mechanism of action of Compound Chaijin Jieyu Tablets (复方柴金解郁片, CCJJYT) in rats with insomnia complicated with depression.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>Seventy-two Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly assigned into eight groups: the control, chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS), sleep deprivation (SD), CUMS + SD, positive drug (venlafaxine hydrochloride + diazepam), CCJJYT high-dose (CCJJYT˗2×), medium-dose (CCJJYT˗1×), and low-dose (CCJJYT˗0.5×) groups, with nine rats in each group. Depression-like behavior was evaluated by body weight, food intake, and behavioral tests such as the sucrose preference test (SPT), open field test (OFT), forced swimming test (FST), and pentobarbital-induced sleep test (PST). Hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining and Golgi-Cox staining were used to observe changes in pathological tissue and synaptic morphology, respectively. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to detect the contents of orexin-A and acetylcholine. The expression levels of orexin receptor 1 (OXR1), melatonin receptor 1 (MT1A), melatonin receptor 2 (MT1B), acetylcholinesterase (AChE), and choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) were detected by immunohistochemistry and Western blot.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>In the present study, rats in the model group showed significant behavioral changes as well as a reduction in hippocampal dendritic branch length and synaptic number, along with increasing the content of orexin A and acetylcholine (<em>P</em>< 0.05), and altered expression levels of OX1R, MT1A, MT1B, ChAT, and AChE in the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex after modeling (<em>P</em> < 0.05). CCJJYT can improve depressive insomnia behavior and synaptic plasticity of rats (<em>P</em> < 0.05), which is similar to that of the positive drug group. It can also decrease the content of orexin A and acetylcholine, and reduce the expression levels of OXR1 and ChAT in hippocampus and prefrontal cortex (<em>P</em> < 0.05), and increase the expression levels of MT1A, MT1B, and AChE proteins (<em>P</em> < 0.05).</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>CCJJYT has good antidepressant and insomnia effects, probably through the regu-lation of orexin-A, melatonin, and acetylcholine content in hippocampus and prefrontal cortex of rats, improving synaptic plasticity and thus exerting antidepressant and insomnia effects.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":33578,"journal":{"name":"Digital Chinese Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2589377722000544/pdfft?md5=fc28a738cd59e1136d5aed602a693902&pid=1-s2.0-S2589377722000544-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88219253","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-01DOI: 10.1016/j.dcmed.2022.10.012
Jia Zhang , Cuilan Zhou , Li Xiao , Qinhui Tuo , Cuiying Peng , Zifen Guo , Duanfang Liao , Kai Li
The successful retrieval of ancient mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) from Neanderthals provides powerful experimental evidence that clarifies the arguments between the out-of-Africa and multiregional models of evolution. However, the lack of nuclear DNA from Neanderthal fossils and mtDNA of early modern human fossils dating back to approximately the same time in the Pleistocene constitutes a limitation that may compromise the significance of mtDNA phylogenetic analysis. In this report, we introduce a mitochromic analysis using Neanderthal mtDNA as a foreign transgene and humans as a naturally occurring transgenic species. Forty Neanderthal mtDNA retrievable nuclear fragments were identified by blasting human genome data with Neanderthal mtDNA. Five of the 40 fragments exhibited higher correlation with Neanderthal mtDNA than those with modern human mtDNA. Furthermore, these five nuclear fragments harbor Neanderthal mtDNA-unique haplotypes. Based on the 98%+ identity between Neanderthal and modern human mtDNA when compared by groups, we suggest that some of the modern human nuclear fragments retrieved using Neanderthal mtDNA may aid in decoding Neanderthal genetic information, and also may simultaneously demonstrate a close genetic evolutionary relationship between modern humans and Neanderthals.
{"title":"Living fossils unearthed by blasting human chromosomes with Neanderthal mtDNA","authors":"Jia Zhang , Cuilan Zhou , Li Xiao , Qinhui Tuo , Cuiying Peng , Zifen Guo , Duanfang Liao , Kai Li","doi":"10.1016/j.dcmed.2022.10.012","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dcmed.2022.10.012","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The successful retrieval of ancient mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) from Neanderthals provides powerful experimental evidence that clarifies the arguments between the out-of-Africa and multiregional models of evolution. However, the lack of nuclear DNA from Neanderthal fossils and mtDNA of early modern human fossils dating back to approximately the same time in the Pleistocene constitutes a limitation that may compromise the significance of mtDNA phylogenetic analysis. In this report, we introduce a mitochromic analysis using Neanderthal mtDNA as a foreign transgene and humans as a naturally occurring transgenic species. Forty Neanderthal mtDNA retrievable nuclear fragments were identified by blasting human genome data with Neanderthal mtDNA. Five of the 40 fragments exhibited higher correlation with Neanderthal mtDNA than those with modern human mtDNA. Furthermore, these five nuclear fragments harbor Neanderthal mtDNA-unique haplotypes. Based on the 98%+ identity between Neanderthal and modern human mtDNA when compared by groups, we suggest that some of the modern human nuclear fragments retrieved using Neanderthal mtDNA may aid in decoding Neanderthal genetic information, and also may simultaneously demonstrate a close genetic evolutionary relationship between modern humans and Neanderthals.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":33578,"journal":{"name":"Digital Chinese Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2589377722000593/pdfft?md5=0e362df515cd1180c58ebd31b26f71d2&pid=1-s2.0-S2589377722000593-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72862177","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study focused on the application regularity of medicinal and dietary substances (MDS) of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) diet therapy during rehabilitation, in order to help patients with Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) reduce sequelae and improve their life quality.
Methods
The official websites of the national and provincial health committees, the website of the National Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, the China BioMedical Literature Database (CBM), China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), China Science and Technology Journal Database (VIP), and Wanfang Database were used to search the keywords, such as “coronavirus” “novel coronavirus pneumonia” “COVID-19” “protocol” “guideline” “consensus” and “rehabilitation period”. The search time was from the establishment of databases to July 31, 2022. The prevention and control protocols of various provinces and cities were manually supplemented and screened out. The information on the frequency, property, flavor, meridian tropism, and efficacy of MDS was collected for association rule analysis through the Apriori algorithm. Hierarchical cluster analysis was performed using the Euclidean distance and longest distance.
Results
A total of 18 protocols were screened out, including 56 lists of TCM diet therapy, and 47 kinds of MDS with a frequency of 132 times during the rehabilitation of COVID-19. Among them, six lists of diet therapy were collected from national websites, 26 from local government websites, and 24 from social and academic institution websites. The intended population can be divided into seven categories including normal recovery, lung-spleen Qi deficiency, deficiency of both Qi and Yin, spleen-stomach weakness, deficiency of Yang Qi, kidney Qi deficiency, and blood deficiency. Shanyao (Dioscoreae Rhizoma) and Lianzi (Nelumbinis Semen), followed by Dazao (Jujubae Fructus) were used most commonly in MDS, with mainly flat property, sweet flavor, and spleen and lung meridians in meridian tropism. Besides, deficiency-tonifying drugs were commonly used in MDS. Through association rule analysis, 12 groups of association MDS pairs were obtained. The pair of Yiyiren (Coicis Semen) and Chenpi (Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium) had the highest Lift value, and Yiyiren (Coicis Semen) was used most frequently in the MDS category for eliminating pathogenic factors. The results of complex network analysis showed that the core MDS were Yiyiren (Coicis Semen), Shanyao (Dioscoreae Rhizoma), Huangqi (Astragali Radix), Fuling (Poria), and Dazao (Jujubae Fructus). Three core categories were classified by cluster analysis, including the category of strengthening spleen, nourishing kidney, and grasping Qi, the category of removing phlegm, abating panting, and regulating Qi, and the category of strengthening the middle-energizer and reinforcing Qi.
{"title":"Application regularity of medicinal and dietary substances for patients during COVID-19 rehabilitation","authors":"L.U.O. Binfei , H.E. Qingying , Y.I. Xingqian , L.I.U. Hongning , Z.H.U. Weifeng , W.U. Diyao , Z.H.A.N.G. Anran , Z.H.A.N.G. Xiaoping , C.H.E.N. Xiaofan","doi":"10.1016/j.dcmed.2022.10.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dcmed.2022.10.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><p>This study focused on the application regularity of medicinal and dietary substances (MDS) of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) diet therapy during rehabilitation, in order to help patients with Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) reduce sequelae and improve their life quality.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>The official websites of the national and provincial health committees, the website of the National Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, the China BioMedical Literature Database (CBM), China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), China Science and Technology Journal Database (VIP), and Wanfang Database were used to search the keywords, such as “coronavirus” “novel coronavirus pneumonia” “COVID-19” “protocol” “guideline” “consensus” and “rehabilitation period”. The search time was from the establishment of databases to July 31, 2022. The prevention and control protocols of various provinces and cities were manually supplemented and screened out. The information on the frequency, property, flavor, meridian tropism, and efficacy of MDS was collected for association rule analysis through the Apriori algorithm. Hierarchical cluster analysis was performed using the Euclidean distance and longest distance.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>A total of 18 protocols were screened out, including 56 lists of TCM diet therapy, and 47 kinds of MDS with a frequency of 132 times during the rehabilitation of COVID-19. Among them, six lists of diet therapy were collected from national websites, 26 from local government websites, and 24 from social and academic institution websites. The intended population can be divided into seven categories including normal recovery, lung-spleen Qi deficiency, deficiency of both Qi and Yin, spleen-stomach weakness, deficiency of Yang Qi, kidney Qi deficiency, and blood deficiency. Shanyao (Dioscoreae Rhizoma) and Lianzi (Nelumbinis Semen), followed by Dazao (Jujubae Fructus) were used most commonly in MDS, with mainly flat property, sweet flavor, and spleen and lung meridians in meridian tropism. Besides, deficiency-tonifying drugs were commonly used in MDS. Through association rule analysis, 12 groups of association MDS pairs were obtained. The pair of Yiyiren (Coicis Semen) and Chenpi (Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium) had the highest Lift value, and Yiyiren (Coicis Semen) was used most frequently in the MDS category for eliminating pathogenic factors. The results of complex network analysis showed that the core MDS were Yiyiren (Coicis Semen), Shanyao (Dioscoreae Rhizoma), Huangqi (Astragali Radix), Fuling (Poria), and Dazao (Jujubae Fructus). Three core categories were classified by cluster analysis, including the category of strengthening spleen, nourishing kidney, and grasping Qi, the category of removing phlegm, abating panting, and regulating Qi, and the category of strengthening the middle-energizer and reinforcing Qi.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>Based on the TCM theory","PeriodicalId":33578,"journal":{"name":"Digital Chinese Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2589377722000489/pdfft?md5=41f613d7d19b207729768144c1943b36&pid=1-s2.0-S2589377722000489-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76547707","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-01DOI: 10.1016/j.dcmed.2022.10.006
Tang Yu , Zhu Bingyao , Shi Jian , Liu Qianhong , Chen Lihao , Peng Qinghua , Peng Jun , Yao Xiaolei
Objective
To investigate the effect and underlying mechanism of Qingguang’an Granules (青光安颗粒剂, QGAG) on mitochondrial autophagy (mitophagy) of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) in rats with chronic ocular hypertension (COH).
Methods
Sixty Sprague Dawley (SD) rats, half males and half females, were randomly assigned to three groups: the control, model, and QGAG (2.5 g/kg) groups, with 20 rats in each group. Rats’ model of COH was established by cauterizing episcleral veins in the model group and QGAG group. Three weeks after successful modeling, rats in the QGAG group were intragastrically administered with QGAG, while rats in the control group and the model group received an equal dose of normal saline. After three months of intragastric administration, intraocular pressure (IOP) of all rats was measured. The mitophagy was monitored by the immunofluorescence method, the mitochondrial membrane potential was measured using the JC-1 method, and the morphological changes of mitophagy in RGCs were observed by transmission electron microscopy. Meanwhile, rat RGCs were labeled using the fluorescent gold method, and RGCs density in each group was calculated. Moreover, RGCs apoptosis was observed by TdT-mediated dUTP Nick-End Labeling (TUNEL) assay. Finally, the expression levels of Parkin, optineurin, microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3-II/microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3-I (LC3-II/LC3-I), recombinant lysosomal associated membrane protein 1 (LAMP1), and B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2) in RGCs were determined by Western blot assay. The corresponding mRNAs were detected through quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR).
Results
The QGAG reduced IOP in COH rats, and inhibited mitophagy and apoptosis of RGCs (P < 0.05). Besides, the QGAG significantly increased the expression levels of Parkin and Bcl-2 (P < 0.05), and inhibited the expression levels of optineurin, LAMP1, and LC3-II/LC3-I (P < 0.05) in RGCs of COH rats.
Conclusion
The QGAG can inhibit mitophagy in RGCs of COH rats and show a protective effect against optic nerve damage caused by glaucoma, which may be mediated through the mitophagy ubiquitination via the Parkin/PINK1-related pathway.
{"title":"Effects of Qingguang’an Granules on mitochondrial autophagy of retinal ganglion cells in rats with chronic ocular hypertension","authors":"Tang Yu , Zhu Bingyao , Shi Jian , Liu Qianhong , Chen Lihao , Peng Qinghua , Peng Jun , Yao Xiaolei","doi":"10.1016/j.dcmed.2022.10.006","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dcmed.2022.10.006","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><p>To investigate the effect and underlying mechanism of Qingguang’an Granules (青光安颗粒剂, QGAG) on mitochondrial autophagy (mitophagy) of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) in rats with chronic ocular hypertension (COH).</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>Sixty Sprague Dawley (SD) rats, half males and half females, were randomly assigned to three groups: the control, model, and QGAG (2.5 g/kg) groups, with 20 rats in each group. Rats’ model of COH was established by cauterizing episcleral veins in the model group and QGAG group. Three weeks after successful modeling, rats in the QGAG group were intragastrically administered with QGAG, while rats in the control group and the model group received an equal dose of normal saline. After three months of intragastric administration, intraocular pressure (IOP) of all rats was measured. The mitophagy was monitored by the immunofluorescence method, the mitochondrial membrane potential was measured using the JC-1 method, and the morphological changes of mitophagy in RGCs were observed by transmission electron microscopy. Meanwhile, rat RGCs were labeled using the fluorescent gold method, and RGCs density in each group was calculated. Moreover, RGCs apoptosis was observed by TdT-mediated dUTP Nick-End Labeling (TUNEL) assay. Finally, the expression levels of Parkin, optineurin, microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3-II/microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3-I (LC3-II/LC3-I), recombinant lysosomal associated membrane protein 1 (LAMP1), and B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2) in RGCs were determined by Western blot assay. The corresponding mRNAs were detected through quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR).</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>The QGAG reduced IOP in COH rats, and inhibited mitophagy and apoptosis of RGCs (<em>P</em> < 0.05). Besides, the QGAG significantly increased the expression levels of Parkin and Bcl-2 (<em>P</em> < 0.05), and inhibited the expression levels of optineurin, LAMP1, and LC3-II/LC3-I (<em>P</em> < 0.05) in RGCs of COH rats.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>The QGAG can inhibit mitophagy in RGCs of COH rats and show a protective effect against optic nerve damage caused by glaucoma, which may be mediated through the mitophagy ubiquitination via the Parkin/PINK1-related pathway.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":33578,"journal":{"name":"Digital Chinese Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2589377722000532/pdfft?md5=9fc0c445d7e5ea09568df060c6b95e71&pid=1-s2.0-S2589377722000532-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75797775","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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