Pub Date : 2023-03-01DOI: 10.1016/j.dcmed.2023.03.002
W.A.N. Xiaohai
{"title":"The Schrödinger equation and its application in traditional Chinese medicine","authors":"W.A.N. Xiaohai","doi":"10.1016/j.dcmed.2023.03.002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dcmed.2023.03.002","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":33578,"journal":{"name":"Digital Chinese Medicine","volume":"6 1","pages":"Pages 1-2"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49753123","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-01DOI: 10.1016/j.dcmed.2023.03.001
Haitham Ahmed Al-Madhagi
Objective
Loxosceles spider bite accidents are rising in wide areas of the world which necessitates the exploration of natural inhibitors to inhibit the most significant enzymes, namely sphingomyelinase D (Smase D) and hyaluronidase.
Methods
Virtual screening using traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) against Smase D (PDB ID: 2F9R) and hyaluronidase was performed by the DrugRep server. Absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (ADME) parameters were predicted via the same server. In addition, molecular dynamics (MD) simulation was conducted using CABS-flex 2.0 tool to prioritize the best potential natural inhibitors.
Results
Tiliroside and Digitoxin were the best natural inhibitors from TCM to Smase D and hyaluronidase in terms of molecular docking and ADME parameters, while Digitoxin and β-carotene were the most potent inhibitors against hyaluronidase. MD simulations demonstrated the stability of the docked complexes.
Conclusion
In-silico inhibition of Loxosceles spidervenom enzymes through TCM was demonstrated, which deserves wet-lab experimentation.
{"title":"Structure-based virtual screening to predict Loxosceles spider venom natural inhibitors","authors":"Haitham Ahmed Al-Madhagi","doi":"10.1016/j.dcmed.2023.03.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dcmed.2023.03.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><p><em>Loxosceles</em> spider bite accidents are rising in wide areas of the world which necessitates the exploration of natural inhibitors to inhibit the most significant enzymes, namely sphingomyelinase D (Smase D) and hyaluronidase.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>Virtual screening using traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) against Smase D (PDB ID: <span>2F9R</span><svg><path></path></svg>) and hyaluronidase was performed by the DrugRep server. Absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (ADME) parameters were predicted via the same server. In addition, molecular dynamics (MD) simulation was conducted using CABS-flex 2.0 tool to prioritize the best potential natural inhibitors.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Tiliroside and Digitoxin were the best natural inhibitors from TCM to Smase D and hyaluronidase in terms of molecular docking and ADME parameters, while Digitoxin and <em>β</em>-carotene were the most potent inhibitors against hyaluronidase. MD simulations demonstrated the stability of the docked complexes.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p><em>In-silico</em> inhibition of <em>Loxosceles</em> spidervenom enzymes through TCM was demonstrated, which deserves wet-lab experimentation.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":33578,"journal":{"name":"Digital Chinese Medicine","volume":"6 1","pages":"Pages 67-72"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49767506","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
To explore the current status and development trend of research on external therapies in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) for insomnia over the past 10 years through bibliometrics and visual analysis, to provide references for further research on the topic.
Methods
Literature relating to TCM external therapies for insomnia from January 1, 2012 to December 31, 2021 was retrieved from Chinese databases, including China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Wanfang Database, China Science and Technology Journal Database (VIP), and from the Web of Science Core Collection (WOSCC) for English articles. CiteSpace, VOSviewer, Scimago Graphica, and NoteExpress software were used to analyze publication volumes of the papers and how they were distributed in different journals, as well as to visualize the data of the countries, authors, institutions, and keywords.
Results
A total of 6 085 papers were obtained, of which 5 592 were from the Chinese databases and 493 were from the English database, with their publication volumes growing steadily year on year. Approximately 45 countries and regions were found to have published research on the topic. In terms of Chinese publications, the author with the most papers published was CHEN Yunfei from Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine. The closest collaboration was between LIU Chengyong from the Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine and YUE Zenghui from Hunan University of Chinese Medicine. In terms of English publications, the author with the most papers published was MAO Junj from Sloan-Kettering Cancer Research Center, USA, and LAO Lixing from the University of Hong Kong was his closest partner in collaboration. Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine was the institution with the most Chinese publications, and Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine was the one with the most English papers published. Studies on the topic were published in 386 Chinese journals and 205 English journals, respectively. Nowadays, the clinical application of TCM external treatments for insomnia, the selection of meridians and acupoints, therapies for insomnia and its related diseases are research hotspots. The combined use of different TCM external therapies is a trend in the treatment of insomnia and its concomitant diseases, especially in the fields of oncology, nursing, and psychiatric disorders. The exploration of mechanisms of TCM external therapies for insomnia is also a key direction for future research. In clinical practice, the commonly used external therapies for insomnia include acupuncture, ear-acupressure with beans, acupoint application, etc. The commonly selected acupoints are auricular points, Sishencong (EX-HN1), Shenmen (HT7), etc. The frequently studied meridians are Ren, Du, Qiao, etc. The insomnia concomitant
{"title":"Visual analysis of research hotspots and trends of external therapies in traditional Chinese medicine for insomnia","authors":"C.H.E.N. Shupeng , T.A.N.G. Nana , W.A.N.G. Simeng , L.I.U. Yinghua , Z.H.A.N.G. Zhiyong , C.H.E.N. Shiyu","doi":"10.1016/j.dcmed.2023.02.003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dcmed.2023.02.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><p>To explore the current status and development trend of research on external therapies in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) for insomnia over the past 10 years through bibliometrics and visual analysis, to provide references for further research on the topic.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>Literature relating to TCM external therapies for insomnia from January 1, 2012 to December 31, 2021 was retrieved from Chinese databases, including China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Wanfang Database, China Science and Technology Journal Database (VIP), and from the Web of Science Core Collection (WOSCC) for English articles. CiteSpace, VOSviewer, Scimago Graphica, and NoteExpress software were used to analyze publication volumes of the papers and how they were distributed in different journals, as well as to visualize the data of the countries, authors, institutions, and keywords.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>A total of 6 085 papers were obtained, of which 5 592 were from the Chinese databases and 493 were from the English database, with their publication volumes growing steadily year on year. Approximately 45 countries and regions were found to have published research on the topic. In terms of Chinese publications, the author with the most papers published was CHEN Yunfei from Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine. The closest collaboration was between LIU Chengyong from the Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine and YUE Zenghui from Hunan University of Chinese Medicine. In terms of English publications, the author with the most papers published was MAO Junj from Sloan-Kettering Cancer Research Center, USA, and LAO Lixing from the University of Hong Kong was his closest partner in collaboration. Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine was the institution with the most Chinese publications, and Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine was the one with the most English papers published. Studies on the topic were published in 386 Chinese journals and 205 English journals, respectively. Nowadays, the clinical application of TCM external treatments for insomnia, the selection of meridians and acupoints, therapies for insomnia and its related diseases are research hotspots. The combined use of different TCM external therapies is a trend in the treatment of insomnia and its concomitant diseases, especially in the fields of oncology, nursing, and psychiatric disorders. The exploration of mechanisms of TCM external therapies for insomnia is also a key direction for future research. In clinical practice, the commonly used external therapies for insomnia include acupuncture, ear-acupressure with beans, acupoint application, etc. The commonly selected acupoints are auricular points, Sishencong (EX-HN1), Shenmen (HT7), etc. The frequently studied meridians are Ren, Du, Qiao, etc. The insomnia concomitant","PeriodicalId":33578,"journal":{"name":"Digital Chinese Medicine","volume":"6 1","pages":"Pages 41-54"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49767505","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-01DOI: 10.1016/j.dcmed.2023.04.001
Guo Yi , L.I. Zhenji , Liu Baoyan , Sang Binsheng , F.U. Qiang , Zhao Xue , Chen Bo , Chen Zelin , Yang Huayuan , H.E. Liyun , Yang Yi , L.V. Zhongqian , Zhao Tianyi , L.I. Dan , F.U. Hua , Yuan Xinru
Standardization is the universal language of the world, and standardization of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) is essential for its communication in China and globally. However, the principles and methods of TCM acupuncture standardization have been unclear and inadequate in the early stages. Based on an investigative approach to understanding the current status, identifying problems, and finding solutions, our team has established basic principles of TCM acupuncture that embody Chinese wisdom, evaluated the international strategic environment systematically, proposed the principle of “importance of harmony and exercise of impartiality”, and established basic working principles. A series of methods for TCM acupuncture standard development and evaluation have been constructed, including general standards for the revision of TCM acupuncture standards, the first TCM acupuncture clinical research management specification, a shared full chain technology platform, a data center, and an evaluation research base for TCM acupuncture clinical research. Evaluation criteria for ancient literature and expert experience, a recommendation method for the “three main and three auxiliaries” TCM guideline for prevention were established, and quantifiable assessment methods of TCM standard applicability were proposed. These findings provide methodological guidance for TCM acupuncture standardization.
{"title":"Establishment of basic principles and methods of acupuncture standardization in traditional Chinese medicine","authors":"Guo Yi , L.I. Zhenji , Liu Baoyan , Sang Binsheng , F.U. Qiang , Zhao Xue , Chen Bo , Chen Zelin , Yang Huayuan , H.E. Liyun , Yang Yi , L.V. Zhongqian , Zhao Tianyi , L.I. Dan , F.U. Hua , Yuan Xinru","doi":"10.1016/j.dcmed.2023.04.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dcmed.2023.04.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Standardization is the universal language of the world, and standardization of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) is essential for its communication in China and globally. However, the principles and methods of TCM acupuncture standardization have been unclear and inadequate in the early stages. Based on an investigative approach to understanding the current status, identifying problems, and finding solutions, our team has established basic principles of TCM acupuncture that embody Chinese wisdom, evaluated the international strategic environment systematically, proposed the principle of “importance of harmony and exercise of impartiality”, and established basic working principles. A series of methods for TCM acupuncture standard development and evaluation have been constructed, including general standards for the revision of TCM acupuncture standards, the first TCM acupuncture clinical research management specification, a shared full chain technology platform, a data center, and an evaluation research base for TCM acupuncture clinical research. Evaluation criteria for ancient literature and expert experience, a recommendation method for the “three main and three auxiliaries” TCM guideline for prevention were established, and quantifiable assessment methods of TCM standard applicability were proposed. These findings provide methodological guidance for TCM acupuncture standardization.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":33578,"journal":{"name":"Digital Chinese Medicine","volume":"6 1","pages":"Pages 3-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49753124","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
To provide a new idea for the treatment of depression by summarizing the antidepressant effect and mechanism of active ingredients in functional food, and medicine and food homologous products.
Methods
The literature related to the antidepressant of functional food or medicine and food homologous products from September 25, 1996 to September 5, 2022 was collected through PubMed, Google Academic, Web of Science, and China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) databases. After that, their antidepressant active ingredients and mechanism of action were systematically summarized and analyzed.
Results
A total of 146 pieces of literature were involved in the study, including 67 plant-derived functional foods or medicine and food homologous products, 32 antidepressant extracts (including 8 flavonoid extracts), and 87 antidepressant active ingredients. The 87 antidepressant active ingredients include 7 terpenes, 22 saponins, 15 flavonoids, 11 phenylpropanoids, 7 phenols, 6 sugars, 8 alkaloids, and 11 others.
Conclusion
The study summarized and analyzed the active ingredients and mechanisms of antidepressants in functional foods and medicine and food homologous products, which provides a new vision for the development of new antidepressants and a potential alternative treatment for patients with depression.
目的通过对功能性食品、药食同源产品中活性成分的抗抑郁作用及其机制的综述，为抑郁症的治疗提供新思路。方法通过PubMed、Google Academic、Web of Science和中国知网（CNKI）数据库收集1996年9月25日至2022年9月5日功能性食品或药物及食品同源产品的抗抑郁相关文献。然后对其抗抑郁活性成分及作用机理进行了系统的总结和分析。结果共涉及146篇文献，包括67种植物性功能性食品或药食同源产品，32种抗抑郁提取物（包括8种黄酮类提取物），87种抗抑郁活性成分。87种抗抑郁活性成分包括7种萜烯、22种皂苷、15种黄酮、11种苯丙素、7种酚类、6种糖、8种生物碱和11种其他成分。结论本研究对功能性食品、药物和食品同源产品中抗抑郁药的活性成分和作用机制进行了总结和分析，为开发新型抗抑郁药和抑郁症患者的潜在替代治疗方法提供了新的视角。
{"title":"Antidepressant-like active ingredients and their related mechanisms of functional foods or medicine and food homologous products","authors":"Y.E. Tian , X.U. Mengtao , F.A.N.G. Jingpeng , W.U. Qinxuan , Z.O.U. Xiaoyan , Y.A.N. Fangqin , Q.I.N.G. Zhixing","doi":"10.1016/j.dcmed.2023.02.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dcmed.2023.02.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><p>To provide a new idea for the treatment of depression by summarizing the antidepressant effect and mechanism of active ingredients in functional food, and medicine and food homologous products.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>The literature related to the antidepressant of functional food or medicine and food homologous products from September 25, 1996 to September 5, 2022 was collected through PubMed, Google Academic, Web of Science, and China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) databases. After that, their antidepressant active ingredients and mechanism of action were systematically summarized and analyzed.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>A total of 146 pieces of literature were involved in the study, including 67 plant-derived functional foods or medicine and food homologous products, 32 antidepressant extracts (including 8 flavonoid extracts), and 87 antidepressant active ingredients. The 87 antidepressant active ingredients include 7 terpenes, 22 saponins, 15 flavonoids, 11 phenylpropanoids, 7 phenols, 6 sugars, 8 alkaloids, and 11 others.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>The study summarized and analyzed the active ingredients and mechanisms of antidepressants in functional foods and medicine and food homologous products, which provides a new vision for the development of new antidepressants and a potential alternative treatment for patients with depression.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":33578,"journal":{"name":"Digital Chinese Medicine","volume":"6 1","pages":"Pages 9-27"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49767503","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
To reveal the integral in vivo polypharmacokinetics (PPK) similarity or difference between Jinyinhua (Lonicerae Japonicae Flos, LJF) and Shanyinhua (Lonicerae Flos, LF), and provide reference for their clinical application.
Methods
The PPK model and its total quantum statistical moment similarity (TQSMS) method were used to compare the integral PPK profiles of nine components with anti-inflammatory efficacy (rutin, caffeic acid, chlorogenic acid, cryptochlorogenic acid, dispsacoside B, macranthoidin B, isochlorogenic acid A, isochlorogenic acid B, and isochlorogenic acid C) of LJF and LF. A total of 54 Specific Pathogen Free (SPF) grade Kunming (KM) mice were randomized into LJF group and LF group (n = 27), and each group was divided into nine subgroups (n = 3) according to different time points. Subsequently, mice model of p-xylene-induced ear edema was constructed by oral administration of LJF and LF. The concentrations of the nine anti-inflammatory components in plasma samples of the mice were determined by ultra-performance liquid chromatography/quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-QTOF-MS/MS). And the pharmacokinetics (PK) parameters of single component and the integral PPK parameters [total quantum statistical moment (TQSM) and TQSMS] of multiple components were calculated by Drug And Statistics (DAS) software and home-brew programs with Excel, respectively.
Results
There were significant differences in single-component PK parameters between LJF and LF (P < 0.05). Whereas, no significant differences were found in multi-component TQSM parameters, including total quantum zero moment (AUCT0-t, AUCT0-∞) and total quantum first moment (MRTT0-t, MRTT0-∞) for the total quanta (P > 0.05). Accordingly, single-component TQSMS varied from 0.220 4 to 0.968 9, and that for the total quanta was 0.828 4, suggesting no significant differences in the speed and extent of bioavailability between LJF and LF. Furthermore, in light of high TQSMS (0.828 4), the integral PPK profiles of the nine anti-inflammatory components of LJF and LF were similar under 90% confidence intervals.
Conclusion
The PPK model and its TQSMS method are appropriate and efficient to compare the similarity or difference of integral PPK profiles of multi-component herbal medicines. It is suggested in this research that LJF can be replaced with LF or vice versa for anti-inflammatory treatment.
目的揭示金银花与山银花在体内多药动力学（PPK）的相似性或差异性，为其临床应用提供参考。方法采用PPK模型及其总量子统计矩相似性（TQSMS）方法，比较了具有抗炎作用的9种组分（芦丁、咖啡酸、绿原酸、隐绿原酸、积雪草苷B、大白菜素B、异绿原酸A、异氯酸B和异绿原酸C）的PPK积分图谱。将54只SPF级昆明小鼠随机分为LJF组和LF组（n=27），每组按不同时间点分为9个亚组（n=3）。随后，通过口服LJF和LF构建对二甲苯诱导的耳水肿小鼠模型。通过超高效液相色谱/四极杆飞行时间质谱法（UPLC-QTOF-MS/MS）测定小鼠血浆样品中9种抗炎成分的浓度。分别用Drug And Statistics（DAS）软件和Excel自制程序计算单组分的药代动力学（PK）参数和多组分的积分PPK参数[总量子统计矩（TQSM）和TQSMS]。结果LJF和LF的单组分PK参数存在显著差异（P<；0.05）。而多组分TQSM参数，包括总量子零矩（AUCT0-t，AUCT0-∞）和总量子一阶矩（MRTT0-t，MRTT0-∞），均无显著差异（P>；0.05），单组分TQSMS在0.220 4至0.968 9之间变化，总量子的TQSMS为0.828 4，表明LJF和LF在生物利用度的速度和程度上没有显著差异。此外，鉴于高TQSMS（0.828 4），在90%置信区间下，LJF和LF的九种抗炎成分的积分PPK谱相似。结论PPK模型及其TQSMS方法是比较多组分中药整体PPK图谱相似性或差异性的合适而有效的方法。本研究表明，LJF可以用LF代替，反之亦然，用于抗炎治疗。
{"title":"Comparative polypharmacokinetics of nine anti-inflammatory components of Jinyinhua (Lonicerae Japonicae Flos) and Shanyinhua (Lonicerae Flos) in mice with p-xylene-induced ear edema","authors":"L.I. Haiying , X.I.A.O. Meifeng , P.A.N. Xue , L.I. Wenjiao , Z.H.O.U. Yiqun , L.I.U. Wenlong , H.E. Fuyuan","doi":"10.1016/j.dcmed.2023.02.009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dcmed.2023.02.009","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><p>To reveal the integral <em>in vivo</em> polypharmacokinetics (PPK) similarity or difference between Jinyinhua (Lonicerae Japonicae Flos, LJF) and Shanyinhua (Lonicerae Flos, LF), and provide reference for their clinical application.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>The PPK model and its total quantum statistical moment similarity (TQSMS) method were used to compare the integral PPK profiles of nine components with anti-inflammatory efficacy (rutin, caffeic acid, chlorogenic acid, cryptochlorogenic acid, dispsacoside B, macranthoidin B, isochlorogenic acid A, isochlorogenic acid B, and isochlorogenic acid C) of LJF and LF. A total of 54 Specific Pathogen Free (SPF) grade Kunming (KM) mice were randomized into LJF group and LF group (<em>n</em> = 27), and each group was divided into nine subgroups (<em>n</em> = 3) according to different time points. Subsequently, mice model of p-xylene-induced ear edema was constructed by oral administration of LJF and LF. The concentrations of the nine anti-inflammatory components in plasma samples of the mice were determined by ultra-performance liquid chromatography/quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-QTOF-MS/MS). And the pharmacokinetics (PK) parameters of single component and the integral PPK parameters [total quantum statistical moment (TQSM) and TQSMS] of multiple components were calculated by Drug And Statistics (DAS) software and home-brew programs with Excel, respectively.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>There were significant differences in single-component PK parameters between LJF and LF (<em>P</em> < 0.05). Whereas, no significant differences were found in multi-component TQSM parameters, including total quantum zero moment (<em>AUC</em><sub><em>T</em>0<em>-t</em></sub>, <em>AUC</em><sub><em>T</em>0<em>-∞</em></sub>) and total quantum first moment (<em>MRT</em><sub><em>T</em>0<em>-t</em></sub>, <em>MRT</em><sub><em>T</em>0<em>-∞</em></sub>) for the total quanta (<em>P</em> > 0.05). Accordingly, single-component TQSMS varied from 0.220 4 to 0.968 9, and that for the total quanta was 0.828 4, suggesting no significant differences in the speed and extent of bioavailability between LJF and LF. Furthermore, in light of high TQSMS (0.828 4), the integral PPK profiles of the nine anti-inflammatory components of LJF and LF were similar under 90% confidence intervals.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>The PPK model and its TQSMS method are appropriate and efficient to compare the similarity or difference of integral PPK profiles of multi-component herbal medicines. It is suggested in this research that LJF can be replaced with LF or vice versa for anti-inflammatory treatment.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":33578,"journal":{"name":"Digital Chinese Medicine","volume":"6 1","pages":"Pages 73-85"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49753266","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-01DOI: 10.1016/j.dcmed.2023.02.002
S.U.N. Meiling , Z.H.A.O. Fanghua , G.A.O. Man , Z.H.E.N. Siyuan , C.H.E.N. Yueling , Ramon Maria Calduch , L.I. Haiyan
Objective
This study aims to summarize the hotspots of acupuncture research in China and abroad in recent 10 years.
Methods
The core collection of Web of Science was retrieved, and the literature on experimental and clinical research of acupuncture in China and abroad was collected from January 1, 2012 to December 31, 2021. The included literature was visually analyzed using CiteSpace 6.1.R3. Statistical analysis was carried out in the annual number of papers, authors, countries, and journals. According to the author's country, the literature was divided into Chinese and global categories for keywords clustering analysis and co-citation references analysis independently to obtain hotspots and trends in acupuncture research.
Results
There are 1 215 articles in acupuncture experimental medicine, 3 805 articles in acupuncture clinical medicine in China; 551 articles in acupuncture experimental medicine, and 4 538 articles in acupuncture clinical medicine abroad. The number of articles on acupuncture abroad remains stable and flat, whereas the annual number of domestic papers shows a continuously growth trend. LIU Cunzhi from Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine affiliated to Capital Medical University in China is the author who has published the most articles in the field of acupuncture in the recent decade. China is the most productive country in publishing such research articles. Evidence-based Comprehensive and Alternative Medicine is the journal with the most published articles. The mechanisms of acupuncture on nerve regeneration or nerve recovery and research on the mechanisms of acupuncture analgesia are hotspots in experimental acupuncture research, and the treatment of neuropathic pain and dysfunctional diseases with acupuncture are hotspots in clinical acupuncture research in China. Research on the mechanism of protection of the cardiovascular system by acupuncture and research on the mechanism of analgesia by acupuncture are hotspots in experimental research on acupuncture abroad. Studies on the amelioration of inflammatory pain and psychological or psychiatric disorders by acupuncture also serve as hotspots in clinical research on acupuncture abroad.
Conclusion
Acupuncture research in China focuses on the treatment of internal diseases and visceral pain, while acupuncture research abroad concentrates on the alleviation and improvement of cancer and psychological and mental diseases. Treatment of internal diseases and mental diseases with acupuncture is the trend of future research.
目的总结近10年来国内外针灸研究的热点。方法检索Web of Science的核心文献集，收集2012年1月1日至2021年12月31日国内外针灸实验与临床研究文献。使用CiteSpace 6.1.R3对纳入的文献进行可视化分析。对年度论文数量、作者数量、国家数量和期刊数量进行了统计分析。根据作者的国家，将文献分为中国和全球两类，分别进行关键词聚类分析和共引参考文献分析，以获得针灸研究的热点和趋势。结果我国针灸实验医学论文1125篇，针灸临床医学论文3805篇；针灸实验医学551篇，国外针灸临床医学4538篇。国外关于针灸的文章数量保持稳定和持平，而国内每年的论文数量呈现持续增长的趋势。首都医科大学附属北京中医院的刘存智是近十年来在针灸领域发表文章最多的作者。中国是发表此类研究文章最多的国家。循证综合与替代医学是发表文章最多的期刊。针灸对神经再生或神经恢复的作用机制以及针灸镇痛机制的研究是针灸实验研究的热点，针灸治疗神经性疼痛和功能障碍性疾病是我国临床针灸研究的热点。针刺对心血管系统保护机制的研究和针刺镇痛机制的研究是国外针灸实验研究的热点。针灸改善炎症性疼痛和心理或精神障碍的研究也是国外针灸临床研究的热点。结论我国针灸研究主要集中于内科疾病和内脏疼痛的治疗，国外针灸研究主要侧重于癌症和心理、精神疾病的缓解和改善。针灸治疗内科和精神疾病是未来研究的趋势。
{"title":"Hotspots and comparative analysis of international acupuncture research over the past decade via Web of Science","authors":"S.U.N. Meiling , Z.H.A.O. Fanghua , G.A.O. Man , Z.H.E.N. Siyuan , C.H.E.N. Yueling , Ramon Maria Calduch , L.I. Haiyan","doi":"10.1016/j.dcmed.2023.02.002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dcmed.2023.02.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><p>This study aims to summarize the hotspots of acupuncture research in China and abroad in recent 10 years.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>The core collection of Web of Science was retrieved, and the literature on experimental and clinical research of acupuncture in China and abroad was collected from January 1, 2012 to December 31, 2021. The included literature was visually analyzed using CiteSpace 6.1.R3. Statistical analysis was carried out in the annual number of papers, authors, countries, and journals. According to the author's country, the literature was divided into Chinese and global categories for keywords clustering analysis and co-citation references analysis independently to obtain hotspots and trends in acupuncture research.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>There are 1 215 articles in acupuncture experimental medicine, 3 805 articles in acupuncture clinical medicine in China; 551 articles in acupuncture experimental medicine, and 4 538 articles in acupuncture clinical medicine abroad. The number of articles on acupuncture abroad remains stable and flat, whereas the annual number of domestic papers shows a continuously growth trend. LIU Cunzhi from Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine affiliated to Capital Medical University in China is the author who has published the most articles in the field of acupuncture in the recent decade. China is the most productive country in publishing such research articles. <em>Evidence-based Comprehensive and Alternative Medicine</em> is the journal with the most published articles. The mechanisms of acupuncture on nerve regeneration or nerve recovery and research on the mechanisms of acupuncture analgesia are hotspots in experimental acupuncture research, and the treatment of neuropathic pain and dysfunctional diseases with acupuncture are hotspots in clinical acupuncture research in China. Research on the mechanism of protection of the cardiovascular system by acupuncture and research on the mechanism of analgesia by acupuncture are hotspots in experimental research on acupuncture abroad. Studies on the amelioration of inflammatory pain and psychological or psychiatric disorders by acupuncture also serve as hotspots in clinical research on acupuncture abroad.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>Acupuncture research in China focuses on the treatment of internal diseases and visceral pain, while acupuncture research abroad concentrates on the alleviation and improvement of cancer and psychological and mental diseases. Treatment of internal diseases and mental diseases with acupuncture is the trend of future research.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":33578,"journal":{"name":"Digital Chinese Medicine","volume":"6 1","pages":"Pages 28-40"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49755804","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-01DOI: 10.1016/j.dcmed.2023.02.005
J.I.A.O. Zhilin, G.A.O. Xuemei
Objective
To dig the main active components and predict potential mechanisms of Guarana in the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) by network pharmacology method and molecular docking.
Methods
By digging into papers relating to this topic, chemical components in Guarana were obtained and used for drug-likeness analysis. Databases including HERB and Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology Database and Analysis Platform (TCMSP) were used to obtain potential targets that the active components in Guarana might have effects on, and to find out diseases in association with the potential targets. Other databases such as GeneCards, a human gene database, and DisGeNET were used to identify the genes relating to AD, and a Wayne diagram was drawn to get the intersected targets in Guarana and AD. Subsequently, CytoScape software was adopted for the construction of a Guarana-intersected targets-AD map. After that, the intersected targets were uploaded to the Search Tool for the Retrieval of Interaction Gene/Proteins (STRING) database to acquire a protein-protein interaction (PPI) network diagram. Then, the key target proteins were analyzed by Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG). In terms of molecular docking verification, AutoDock software was used to verify whether the crucial active compounds of Guarana’s components could bind to the key targets.
Results
A total of 140 potential targets for Guarana to treat AD were obtained. The results of PPI network analysis showed that interleukin 6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor (TNF), insulin (INS), mitogen-activated protein kinase 3 (MAPK3), transcription factor (JUN), cell tumor antigen p53 (TP53), caspase3 (CASP3), protein c-Fos (FOS), catalase (CAT), and Catenin beta-1 (CTNNB1) might be the key targets of Guarana in the treatment of AD. It was found by GO and KEGG analyses that the mechanism of Guarana in the treatment of AD might be the bindings between Guarana compounds and protease outside the cell membranes. The molecular docking results showed that the small molecules of various components in Guarana binding to target proteins such as TNF, IL-6, MAPK3, and FOS needed relatively less energy.
Conclusion
The treatment of AD with Guarana involves the participation of multiple targets, among which IL-6, TNF, and MAPK3 might be the key ones. These key targets might take effects through the biological process in their bindings to β-amyloid and involving signaling pathways in cancer. Hopefully, our research could offer some scientific foundations as well as references for in-depth studies on the treatment of AD with Guarana.
{"title":"Potential targets and mechanisms of Guarana in the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease based on network pharmacology","authors":"J.I.A.O. Zhilin, G.A.O. Xuemei","doi":"10.1016/j.dcmed.2023.02.005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dcmed.2023.02.005","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><p>To dig the main active components and predict potential mechanisms of Guarana in the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) by network pharmacology method and molecular docking.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>By digging into papers relating to this topic, chemical components in Guarana were obtained and used for drug-likeness analysis. Databases including HERB and Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology Database and Analysis Platform (TCMSP) were used to obtain potential targets that the active components in Guarana might have effects on, and to find out diseases in association with the potential targets. Other databases such as GeneCards, a human gene database, and DisGeNET were used to identify the genes relating to AD, and a Wayne diagram was drawn to get the intersected targets in Guarana and AD. Subsequently, CytoScape software was adopted for the construction of a Guarana-intersected targets-AD map. After that, the intersected targets were uploaded to the Search Tool for the Retrieval of Interaction Gene/Proteins (STRING) database to acquire a protein-protein interaction (PPI) network diagram. Then, the key target proteins were analyzed by Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG). In terms of molecular docking verification, AutoDock software was used to verify whether the crucial active compounds of Guarana’s components could bind to the key targets.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>A total of 140 potential targets for Guarana to treat AD were obtained. The results of PPI network analysis showed that interleukin 6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor (TNF), insulin (INS), mitogen-activated protein kinase 3 (MAPK3), transcription factor (JUN), cell tumor antigen p53 (TP53), caspase3 (CASP3), protein c-Fos (FOS), catalase (CAT), and Catenin beta-1 (CTNNB1) might be the key targets of Guarana in the treatment of AD. It was found by GO and KEGG analyses that the mechanism of Guarana in the treatment of AD might be the bindings between Guarana compounds and protease outside the cell membranes. The molecular docking results showed that the small molecules of various components in Guarana binding to target proteins such as TNF, IL-6, MAPK3, and FOS needed relatively less energy.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>The treatment of AD with Guarana involves the participation of multiple targets, among which IL-6, TNF, and MAPK3 might be the key ones. These key targets might take effects through the biological process in their bindings to <em>β</em>-amyloid and involving signaling pathways in cancer. Hopefully, our research could offer some scientific foundations as well as references for in-depth studies on the treatment of AD with Guarana.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":33578,"journal":{"name":"Digital Chinese Medicine","volume":"6 1","pages":"Pages 55-66"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49753304","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
To investigate the mechanism of Yishen Tonglong Decoction (益肾通癃汤, YSTLD) inhibiting the toll-like receptor 4/p38 mitogen activated protein kinases/nuclear factor kappa-B (TLR4/p38 MAPK/NF-κB) signaling pathway against prostate cancer by up-regulating miR-145-5p.
Methods miRNA microarray technology was used to detect the changes of miRNA expression profile in prostate cancer PC-3 cells treated with YSTLD, and miRNAs with marked differences in miRNA microarray results were screened and validated by real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). Lentiviral transfection of miR-145-5p into prostate cancer PC-3 cells, Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK8) assay, and scratch assay were adopted to detect the effects of miR-145-5p on prostate cancer PC-3 cell proliferation and migration. qRT-PCR and Western blot were employed to detect the effects of miR-145-5p on TLR4/p38 MAPK/NF-κB signaling pathway and the expression levels of apoptosis-related genes caspase3, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), Bax, and Bcl-2. qRT-PCR and Western blot were used to detect the effects of serum containing YSTLD on miR-145-5p, TLR4/p38 MAPK/NF-κB signaling pathway, and the expression levels of apoptosis-related genes caspase3, TNF-α, Bax, and Bcl-2.
Results
The expression levels of 35 miRNAs in prostate cancer PC-3 cells treated with YSTLD were significantly different from those in the control group, with miR-145-5p being the most significantly different; qRT-PCR validation revealed that the miR-145-5p levels in prostate cancer PC-3 cells treated with YSTLD were significantly higher than those in the DMSO control group (P < 0.05). After lentiviral transfection of miR-145-5p into prostate cancer PC-3 cells, miR-145-5p was found to inhibit the proliferation and migration of prostate cancer PC-3 cells. Overexpression of miR-145-5p up-regulated expression levels of caspase3, TNF-α, and Bax mRNA, and down-regulated expression levels of p38 MAPK, p65 NF-κB, and Bcl-2 mRNA in prostate cancer PC-3 cells (P < 0.05), while up-regulated caspase3 protein expression levels in prostate cancer PC-3 cells and down-regulated expression levels of TLR4, p38 MAPK, and p65 NF-κB protein (P < 0.05). Serum containing YSTLD could up-regulate the expression levels of caspase3, TNF-α, and Bax mRNA, and down-regulate the mRNA expression levels of p38 MAPK, p65 NF-κB, Bcl-2, and TNF receptor-associated factor 1 (TRAF1) in prostate cancer PC-3 cells after intervening prostate cancer PC-3 cells (P < 0.05). Simultaneously, it up-regulated the expression levels of caspase3 protein and down-regulated the protein expression levels of TLR4, p38 MARK, p65 NF-κB, and TRAF1 in prostate cancer PC-3 cells (P < 0.05).
Conclusion
YSTLD can promote apoptosis of prostate cancer PC-3
{"title":"Mechanism of Yishen Tonglong Decoction inhibiting TLR4/p38 MAPK/NF-κB signaling pathway against prostate cancer via upregulating miR-145-5p","authors":"T.U. Yaling , L.I.U. Deguo , Y.A.N.G. Xian , L.I. Bo , C.H.E.N. Qihua","doi":"10.1016/j.dcmed.2023.02.008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dcmed.2023.02.008","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><p>To investigate the mechanism of Yishen Tonglong Decoction (益肾通癃汤, YSTLD) inhibiting the toll-like receptor 4/p38 mitogen activated protein kinases/nuclear factor kappa-B (TLR4/p38 MAPK/NF-<em>κ</em>B) signaling pathway against prostate cancer by up-regulating miR-145-5p.</p><p>Methods miRNA microarray technology was used to detect the changes of miRNA expression profile in prostate cancer PC-3 cells treated with YSTLD, and miRNAs with marked differences in miRNA microarray results were screened and validated by real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). Lentiviral transfection of miR-145-5p into prostate cancer PC-3 cells, Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK8) assay, and scratch assay were adopted to detect the effects of miR-145-5p on prostate cancer PC-3 cell proliferation and migration. qRT-PCR and Western blot were employed to detect the effects of miR-145-5p on TLR4/p38 MAPK/NF-<em>κ</em>B signaling pathway and the expression levels of apoptosis-related genes caspase3, tumor necrosis factor-<em>α</em> (TNF-<em>α)</em>, Bax, and Bcl-2. qRT-PCR and Western blot were used to detect the effects of serum containing YSTLD on miR-145-5p, TLR4/p38 MAPK/NF-<em>κ</em>B signaling pathway, and the expression levels of apoptosis-related genes caspase3, TNF-<em>α</em>, Bax, and Bcl-2.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>The expression levels of 35 miRNAs in prostate cancer PC-3 cells treated with YSTLD were significantly different from those in the control group, with miR-145-5p being the most significantly different; qRT-PCR validation revealed that the miR-145-5p levels in prostate cancer PC-3 cells treated with YSTLD were significantly higher than those in the DMSO control group (<em>P</em> < 0.05). After lentiviral transfection of miR-145-5p into prostate cancer PC-3 cells, miR-145-5p was found to inhibit the proliferation and migration of prostate cancer PC-3 cells. Overexpression of miR-145-5p up-regulated expression levels of caspase3, TNF-<em>α</em>, and Bax mRNA, and down-regulated expression levels of p38 MAPK, p65 NF-<em>κ</em>B, and Bcl-2 mRNA in prostate cancer PC-3 cells (<em>P</em> < 0.05), while up-regulated caspase3 protein expression levels in prostate cancer PC-3 cells and down-regulated expression levels of TLR4, p38 MAPK, and p65 NF-<em>κ</em>B protein (<em>P</em> < 0.05). Serum containing YSTLD could up-regulate the expression levels of caspase3, TNF-<em>α</em>, and Bax mRNA, and down-regulate the mRNA expression levels of p38 MAPK, p65 NF-<em>κ</em>B, Bcl-2, and TNF receptor-associated factor 1 (TRAF1) in prostate cancer PC-3 cells after intervening prostate cancer PC-3 cells (<em>P</em> < 0.05). Simultaneously, it up-regulated the expression levels of caspase3 protein and down-regulated the protein expression levels of TLR4, p38 MARK, p65 NF-<em>κ</em>B, and TRAF1 in prostate cancer PC-3 cells (<em>P</em> < 0.05).</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>YSTLD can promote apoptosis of prostate cancer PC-3 ","PeriodicalId":33578,"journal":{"name":"Digital Chinese Medicine","volume":"6 1","pages":"Pages 86-96"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49753255","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-01DOI: 10.1016/j.dcmed.2022.12.004
Dong SUI , Lei ZHANG , Fei YANG
Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) diagnosis is a unique disease diagnosis method with thousands of years of TCM theory and effective experience. Its thinking mode in the process is different from that of modern medicine, which includes the essence of TCM theory. From the perspective of clinical application, the four diagnostic methods of TCM, including inspection, auscultation and olfaction, inquiry, and palpation, have been widely accepted by TCM practitioners worldwide. With the rise of artificial intelligence (AI) over the past decades, AI based TCM diagnosis has also grown rapidly, marked by the emerging of a large number of data-driven deep learning models. In this paper, our aim is to simply but systematically review the development of the data-driven technologies applied to the four diagnostic approaches, i.e. the four examinations, in TCM, including data sets, digital signal acquisition devices, and learning based computational algorithms, to better analyze the development of AI-based TCM diagnosis, and provide references for new research and its applications in TCM settings in the future.
{"title":"Data-driven based four examinations in TCM: a survey","authors":"Dong SUI , Lei ZHANG , Fei YANG","doi":"10.1016/j.dcmed.2022.12.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dcmed.2022.12.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) diagnosis is a unique disease diagnosis method with thousands of years of TCM theory and effective experience. Its thinking mode in the process is different from that of modern medicine, which includes the essence of TCM theory. From the perspective of clinical application, the four diagnostic methods of TCM, including inspection, auscultation and olfaction, inquiry, and palpation, have been widely accepted by TCM practitioners worldwide. With the rise of artificial intelligence (AI) over the past decades, AI based TCM diagnosis has also grown rapidly, marked by the emerging of a large number of data-driven deep learning models. In this paper, our aim is to simply but systematically review the development of the data-driven technologies applied to the four diagnostic approaches, i.e. the four examinations, in TCM, including data sets, digital signal acquisition devices, and learning based computational algorithms, to better analyze the development of AI-based TCM diagnosis, and provide references for new research and its applications in TCM settings in the future.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":33578,"journal":{"name":"Digital Chinese Medicine","volume":"5 4","pages":"Pages 377-385"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S258937772200074X/pdfft?md5=c345c16ee8bea19cf5be7ef90f5bf9d0&pid=1-s2.0-S258937772200074X-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76880294","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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