Pub Date : 2023-12-01Epub Date: 2024-02-08DOI: 10.1016/j.dcmed.2024.01.007
Wu Jianping , Li Meifeng , Hua Zhaolai , Lu Bin , Xiang Jiao , Wu Zhenfeng , Zhang Junfeng
Objective
To explore the microbial correlation between oral tongue coating (TC) and gastric mucosa (GM) in patients with gastric intestinal metaplasia (GIM).
Methods
The present study recruited 1360 volunteers for upper gastrointestinal cancer screening. The microbiota in TC and GM were profiled by long-read sequencing of full-length 16S rRNA gene. The microbial diversity, community structure, and linear discriminant analysis effect size (LEfSe) were analyzed by the software Visual Genomics. SparCC correlation analysis was used to construct the commensal network and the graphical display was conducted by R software.
Results
The population included 44 patients with precancerous GIM, and 28 matched controls with negative rapid urease test (RUT) and non-symptomatic chronic superficial gastritis (CSG). No significant difference in diversity was observed between GIM patients and controls in TC or GM microbiota (P > 0.05). Patients had a higher percentage of 41 – 60 co-occurring operational taxonomic units (OTUs) between TC and GM than controls (34.1 % vs. 25.0 %) (P < 0.05). The LEfSe showed that TC Prevotella melaninogenica and three gastric Helicobacter species (i.e., Helicobacter pylori, Helicobacter pylori XZ274, and Helicobacter pylori 83) were enriched in patients with GIM. Furthermore, GIM patients with positive RUT had a lower percentage of co-occurring OTUs over 20 (P < 0.05), and lower abundances of gastric Veillonella, Pseudonocardia, and Mesorhizobium than those with negative RUT (P < 0.05). The commensal network between TC and GM was more complex in GIM patients than in controls. GIM patients with positive RUT demonstrated more bacterial correlations between TC and GM than those with negative RUT. Finally, the serum ratio of PG-I/II was negatively correlated with three gastric Helicobacter species (Helicobacter pylori, Helicobacter pylori XZ274, and Helicobacter pylori 83) in patients with negative RUT (P < 0.05), and negatively correlated with two TC species (Fusobacterium nucleatum subsp. nucleatum and Campylobacter showae) in patients with positive RUT (P < 0.05).
Conclusion
The development of GIM potentiated the commensal network between oral TC and GM, providing microbial evidence of the correlation between TC and the stomach.
{"title":"2Long-read sequencing revealed alterations of microbial relationship between tongue coating and gastric mucosa in patients with gastric intestinal metaplasia","authors":"Wu Jianping , Li Meifeng , Hua Zhaolai , Lu Bin , Xiang Jiao , Wu Zhenfeng , Zhang Junfeng","doi":"10.1016/j.dcmed.2024.01.007","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dcmed.2024.01.007","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>To explore the microbial correlation between oral tongue coating (TC) and gastric mucosa (GM) in patients with gastric intestinal metaplasia (GIM).</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>The present study recruited 1360 volunteers for upper gastrointestinal cancer screening. The microbiota in TC and GM were profiled by long-read sequencing of full-length 16S rRNA gene. The microbial diversity, community structure, and linear discriminant analysis effect size (LEfSe) were analyzed by the software Visual Genomics. SparCC correlation analysis was used to construct the commensal network and the graphical display was conducted by R software.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The population included 44 patients with precancerous GIM, and 28 matched controls with negative rapid urease test (RUT) and non-symptomatic chronic superficial gastritis (CSG). No significant difference in diversity was observed between GIM patients and controls in TC or GM microbiota (<em>P</em> > 0.05). Patients had a higher percentage of 41 – 60 co-occurring operational taxonomic units (OTUs) between TC and GM than controls (34.1 % vs. 25.0 %) (<em>P</em> < 0.05). The LEfSe showed that TC <em>Prevotella melaninogenica</em> and three gastric <em>Helicobacter species</em> (i.e., <em>Helicobacter pylori</em>, <em>Helicobacter pylori XZ274</em>, and <em>Helicobacter pylori 83</em>) were enriched in patients with GIM. Furthermore, GIM patients with positive RUT had a lower percentage of co-occurring OTUs over 20 (<em>P</em> < 0.05), and lower abundances of gastric <em>Veillonella</em>, <em>Pseudonocardia</em>, and <em>Mesorhizobium</em> than those with negative RUT (<em>P</em> < 0.05). The commensal network between TC and GM was more complex in GIM patients than in controls. GIM patients with positive RUT demonstrated more bacterial correlations between TC and GM than those with negative RUT. Finally, the serum ratio of PG-I/II was negatively correlated with three gastric <em>Helicobacter species</em> (<em>Helicobacter pylori</em>, <em>Helicobacter pylori XZ274</em>, and <em>Helicobacter pylori 83</em>) in patients with negative RUT (<em>P</em> < 0.05), and negatively correlated with two TC species (<em>Fusobacterium nucleatum</em> subsp. <em>nucleatum</em> and <em>Campylobacter showae</em>) in patients with positive RUT (<em>P</em> < 0.05).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>The development of GIM potentiated the commensal network between oral TC and GM, providing microbial evidence of the correlation between TC and the stomach.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":33578,"journal":{"name":"Digital Chinese Medicine","volume":"6 4","pages":"Pages 438-450"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143235718","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-01Epub Date: 2024-02-08DOI: 10.1016/j.dcmed.2024.01.006
Zhang Luoqin , Wu Yizhen , Wang Hong , Xiang Sheng , Wang Binghui , Tan Xiaowen , Li Zhongzheng
Objective
To identify the main components in the extracts of different parts of Juandan Baihe (Lilium lancifolium) by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-Q-TOF-MS) technology and investigate their hypoglycemic activities.
Methods
The MS fragmentation pathways of the main types of compounds in Juandan Baihe (Lilium lancifolium) were studied, and the main components in the extracts were systematically identified using MS fragmentation pathways combined with MS mining technology. Based on the hyperglycemia male mouse model [specific pathogen free (SPF)-grade Kunming mice] induced by streptozotocin (intragastric administration of 80 mg/kg for 3 d), the hypoglycemic effects of extracts of Juandan Baihe (Lilium lancifolium) roots, stems, corms, leaves, and flowers were evaluated by measuring the changes of blood glucose, daily water consumption, daily food intake, and body weight.
Results
The MS fragmentation pathways of regalosides, dioscins, phenylpropanoids, flavonoids, and chlorogenic acids in Juandan Baihe (Lilium lancifolium) were clarified, and a mining method for compounds in this plant was constructed. A total of 58 compounds, including 6 chlorogenic acids, 14 regalosides, 13 phenylpropanoids, 5 flavonoids, and 20 dioscins, were identified from the roots, stems, corms, leaves, and flowers of Juandan Baihe (Lilium lancifolium). Among them, 30 compounds were reported for the first time from this plant. The root and corm extracts demonstrated significant hypoglycemic activities by reducing blood glucose levels from 23.76 ± 1.21 and 24.29 ± 1.35 mmol/L to 17.21 ± 1.23 and 18.78 ± 1.49 mmol/L, respectively (P < 0.05). The roots and corms extracts could also attenuate the symptoms of polydipsia (P < 0.01), polyphagia (P < 0.05), and weight loss caused by diabetes.
Conclusion
This study clarifies that the roots of Juandan Baihe (Lilium lancifolium) are rich in regalosides and dioscins for the first time, and have significant hypoglycemic activities, providing the foundation for the comprehensive utilization of this plant and the development of hypoglycemic drugs.
{"title":"Identification of metabolites in different parts of Juandan Baihe (Lilium lancifolium) by UPLC-Q-TOF-MS and their hypoglycemic activities","authors":"Zhang Luoqin , Wu Yizhen , Wang Hong , Xiang Sheng , Wang Binghui , Tan Xiaowen , Li Zhongzheng","doi":"10.1016/j.dcmed.2024.01.006","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dcmed.2024.01.006","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>To identify the main components in the extracts of different parts of Juandan Baihe (<em>Lilium lancifolium</em>) by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-Q-TOF-MS) technology and investigate their hypoglycemic activities.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>The MS fragmentation pathways of the main types of compounds in Juandan Baihe (<em>Lilium lancifolium</em>) were studied, and the main components in the extracts were systematically identified using MS fragmentation pathways combined with MS mining technology. Based on the hyperglycemia male mouse model [specific pathogen free (SPF)-grade Kunming mice] induced by streptozotocin (intragastric administration of 80 mg/kg for 3 d), the hypoglycemic effects of extracts of Juandan Baihe (<em>Lilium lancifolium</em>) roots, stems, corms, leaves, and flowers were evaluated by measuring the changes of blood glucose, daily water consumption, daily food intake, and body weight.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The MS fragmentation pathways of regalosides, dioscins, phenylpropanoids, flavonoids, and chlorogenic acids in Juandan Baihe (<em>Lilium lancifolium</em>) were clarified, and a mining method for compounds in this plant was constructed. A total of 58 compounds, including 6 chlorogenic acids, 14 regalosides, 13 phenylpropanoids, 5 flavonoids, and 20 dioscins, were identified from the roots, stems, corms, leaves, and flowers of Juandan Baihe (<em>Lilium lancifolium</em>). Among them, 30 compounds were reported for the first time from this plant. The root and corm extracts demonstrated significant hypoglycemic activities by reducing blood glucose levels from 23.76 ± 1.21 and 24.29 ± 1.35 mmol/L to 17.21 ± 1.23 and 18.78 ± 1.49 mmol/L, respectively (<em>P</em> < 0.05). The roots and corms extracts could also attenuate the symptoms of polydipsia (<em>P</em> < 0.01), polyphagia (<em>P</em> < 0.05), and weight loss caused by diabetes.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>This study clarifies that the roots of Juandan Baihe (<em>Lilium lancifolium</em>) are rich in regalosides and dioscins for the first time, and have significant hypoglycemic activities, providing the foundation for the comprehensive utilization of this plant and the development of hypoglycemic drugs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":33578,"journal":{"name":"Digital Chinese Medicine","volume":"6 4","pages":"Pages 426-437"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142014096","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-01Epub Date: 2024-02-08DOI: 10.1016/j.dcmed.2024.01.008
Wu Huaying , Hu Hongchun , Liu Yufeng , Li Liang , Li Jing , Han Yuming , Xiao Changjiang , Peng Qinghua
<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>To explore the differential expression profiles of DNA methylation sites/regions and potential molecular mechanisms in the peripheral blood of coronary heart disease (CHD)-induced unstable angina pectoris patients with or without Qi deficiency and blood stasis syndrome, and to provide scientific evidence for the conbination of disease and syndrome.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>According to the pre-determined inclusion and exclusion criteria, the study subjects were enrolled and divided into two groups namely CHD-induced unstable angina group (G group) and healthy control group (J group) to conduct “disease” analysis, while G group was further divided into Qi deficiency and blood stasis syndrome group (case group) and non-Qi deficiency blood stasis syndrome group (control group) to perform “syndrome” analysis. The general data and clinical information of the study subjects were collected. The peripheral venous blood was extracted on an empty stomach, and the Illumina Infinium MethylationEPIC BeadChip (850K methylation chip) was used to detect the differential expression profiles of DNA methylation in each group, ChAMP software (V 2.14.0) was used for the differential methylation data analysis, with a threshold of the adjusted <em>P</em> value (adj.<em>P.</em>val) < 0.01. Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genomes (KEGG) were employed for the functional and pathway enrichment analyses of related mapped genes.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>A total of 263 differentially methylated CpG positions (DMPs) were screened out between G and J groups, including 191 hypermethylated positions such as cg05845204 and cg08906898, and 72 hypomethylated positions such as cg26919182 and cg13149459. These positions were mainly mapped to 148 genes encompassing RNA binding motif protein 39 (<em>RBM39</em>)<em>,</em> acetyl-CoA acyltransferase 2 (<em>ACAA2</em>)<em>,</em> protein phosphatase 1 regulatory subunit 12B (<em>PPP1R12B</em>)<em>,</em> and the dual-specificity tyrosine phosphorylation-regulated kinase 2 (<em>DYRK2</em>). GO functional enrichment analysis revealed that the genes of the DMPs were primarily enriched in protein localization to chromosomes, regulation of cell morphogenesis, negative regulation of calcium-mediated signals, etc. KEGG pathway analysis suggested that the genes were mainly enriched in fatty acid metabolism and endocytosis pathways. In addition, a total of 23 differential methylation regions (DMRs) were identified, with overlapping genes such as transmembrane protein 232 (<em>TMEM232</em>), ribosomal protein large P1 (<em>RPLP1</em>), peroxisomal biogenesis factor 10 (<em>PEX10</em>), and forkhead box N3 (<em>FOXN3</em>) recognized. It was found that GO functions were mainly enriched in the negative regulation of Ras protein signal transduction, small GTPase-mediated signal transduction, negative regulation, etc. A total of 1 703 differential methylation sites were screened out betwe
{"title":"Differential expression profiles analysis of DNA methylation between “disease” and “syndrome” in coronary heart disease-induced unstable angina patients with Qi deficiency and blood stasis syndrome","authors":"Wu Huaying , Hu Hongchun , Liu Yufeng , Li Liang , Li Jing , Han Yuming , Xiao Changjiang , Peng Qinghua","doi":"10.1016/j.dcmed.2024.01.008","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dcmed.2024.01.008","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>To explore the differential expression profiles of DNA methylation sites/regions and potential molecular mechanisms in the peripheral blood of coronary heart disease (CHD)-induced unstable angina pectoris patients with or without Qi deficiency and blood stasis syndrome, and to provide scientific evidence for the conbination of disease and syndrome.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>According to the pre-determined inclusion and exclusion criteria, the study subjects were enrolled and divided into two groups namely CHD-induced unstable angina group (G group) and healthy control group (J group) to conduct “disease” analysis, while G group was further divided into Qi deficiency and blood stasis syndrome group (case group) and non-Qi deficiency blood stasis syndrome group (control group) to perform “syndrome” analysis. The general data and clinical information of the study subjects were collected. The peripheral venous blood was extracted on an empty stomach, and the Illumina Infinium MethylationEPIC BeadChip (850K methylation chip) was used to detect the differential expression profiles of DNA methylation in each group, ChAMP software (V 2.14.0) was used for the differential methylation data analysis, with a threshold of the adjusted <em>P</em> value (adj.<em>P.</em>val) < 0.01. Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genomes (KEGG) were employed for the functional and pathway enrichment analyses of related mapped genes.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>A total of 263 differentially methylated CpG positions (DMPs) were screened out between G and J groups, including 191 hypermethylated positions such as cg05845204 and cg08906898, and 72 hypomethylated positions such as cg26919182 and cg13149459. These positions were mainly mapped to 148 genes encompassing RNA binding motif protein 39 (<em>RBM39</em>)<em>,</em> acetyl-CoA acyltransferase 2 (<em>ACAA2</em>)<em>,</em> protein phosphatase 1 regulatory subunit 12B (<em>PPP1R12B</em>)<em>,</em> and the dual-specificity tyrosine phosphorylation-regulated kinase 2 (<em>DYRK2</em>). GO functional enrichment analysis revealed that the genes of the DMPs were primarily enriched in protein localization to chromosomes, regulation of cell morphogenesis, negative regulation of calcium-mediated signals, etc. KEGG pathway analysis suggested that the genes were mainly enriched in fatty acid metabolism and endocytosis pathways. In addition, a total of 23 differential methylation regions (DMRs) were identified, with overlapping genes such as transmembrane protein 232 (<em>TMEM232</em>), ribosomal protein large P1 (<em>RPLP1</em>), peroxisomal biogenesis factor 10 (<em>PEX10</em>), and forkhead box N3 (<em>FOXN3</em>) recognized. It was found that GO functions were mainly enriched in the negative regulation of Ras protein signal transduction, small GTPase-mediated signal transduction, negative regulation, etc. A total of 1 703 differential methylation sites were screened out betwe","PeriodicalId":33578,"journal":{"name":"Digital Chinese Medicine","volume":"6 4","pages":"Pages 451-466"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143234729","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
To provide ideas for the modernization of pulse diagnosis in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) by comparing and analyzing the current status and trends of modern research on pulse diagnosis in China and abroad, using bibliometric and visualization software.
Methods
Modern research literature on pulse diagnosis was searched in China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) database from the foundation to May 31, 2023, and in Science Citation Index Expanded (SCIE) from January 1, 2003, to May 31, 2023. After further screening, Microsoft Excel 2019 was used for statistical analysis of publication volume, and CiteSpace (6.1.R6) and VOSviewer (1.6.20) softwares were employed for visual analysis of journals, countries/regions, authors, institutions, keywords, etc.
Results
This study included a total of 764 articles in Chinese and 1 459 articles in English. The publication trend of pulse diagnosis research in SCIE database showed an overall fluctuating upward trend, while it exhibited a fluctuating downward trend after 2007 in CNKI database. The volume of English research literature has consistently exceeded that of Chinese literature since 2009. Publications on pulse diagnosis research involved 74 countries/regions. The related journals covered various disciplinary fields, including mathematics, physics, chemistry, and computer science. The most prolific author in CNKI database was WANG Yiqin (Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine), while the highest number of publications was attributed to ZHANG David (The Hong Kong Polytechnic University) in SCIE database. High-volume institutions in pulse diagnosis research in China and abroad were predominantly TCM research institutions. However, comprehensive universities and other research institutions also made noteworthy contributions. In recent years, hot topics in the modernization of pulse diagnosis research in China included pulse waves, sensors, and artificial intelligence. Foreign research focused on pulse diagnosis systems, sensors, pulse feature extraction, pulse signal analysis, pulse detection, and efficiency of use.
Conclusion
Chinese scholars have shown notable participation and emphasis in the modernization research of pulse diagnosis, involving a wide range of disciplinary fields and indicating a characteristic of multidisciplinary cross-fusion development. The hotspots and trends in the modernization of pulse diagnosis research primarily concentrate on the study of pulse condition and signal acquisition, the integration, development, and optimization of various algorithms with pulse diagnosis equipment, and the practical application research of existing objectified outcomes of pulse diagnosis.
{"title":"Current status and trends in the modernization of pulse diagnosis research: a bibliometric analysis based on CiteSpace and VOSviewer","authors":"Zhang Fenfen, Zhu Guoshuang, Chen Jiali, Zhang Jianhong, Dong Sihui, Cheng Shaomin","doi":"10.1016/j.dcmed.2024.01.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dcmed.2024.01.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>To provide ideas for the modernization of pulse diagnosis in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) by comparing and analyzing the current status and trends of modern research on pulse diagnosis in China and abroad, using bibliometric and visualization software.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Modern research literature on pulse diagnosis was searched in China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) database from the foundation to May 31, 2023, and in Science Citation Index Expanded (SCIE) from January 1, 2003, to May 31, 2023. After further screening, Microsoft Excel 2019 was used for statistical analysis of publication volume, and CiteSpace (6.1.R6) and VOSviewer (1.6.20) softwares were employed for visual analysis of journals, countries/regions, authors, institutions, keywords, etc.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>This study included a total of 764 articles in Chinese and 1 459 articles in English. The publication trend of pulse diagnosis research in SCIE database showed an overall fluctuating upward trend, while it exhibited a fluctuating downward trend after 2007 in CNKI database. The volume of English research literature has consistently exceeded that of Chinese literature since 2009. Publications on pulse diagnosis research involved 74 countries/regions. The related journals covered various disciplinary fields, including mathematics, physics, chemistry, and computer science. The most prolific author in CNKI database was WANG Yiqin (Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine), while the highest number of publications was attributed to ZHANG David (The Hong Kong Polytechnic University) in SCIE database. High-volume institutions in pulse diagnosis research in China and abroad were predominantly TCM research institutions. However, comprehensive universities and other research institutions also made noteworthy contributions. In recent years, hot topics in the modernization of pulse diagnosis research in China included pulse waves, sensors, and artificial intelligence. Foreign research focused on pulse diagnosis systems, sensors, pulse feature extraction, pulse signal analysis, pulse detection, and efficiency of use.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Chinese scholars have shown notable participation and emphasis in the modernization research of pulse diagnosis, involving a wide range of disciplinary fields and indicating a characteristic of multidisciplinary cross-fusion development. The hotspots and trends in the modernization of pulse diagnosis research primarily concentrate on the study of pulse condition and signal acquisition, the integration, development, and optimization of various algorithms with pulse diagnosis equipment, and the practical application research of existing objectified outcomes of pulse diagnosis.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":33578,"journal":{"name":"Digital Chinese Medicine","volume":"6 4","pages":"Pages 405-415"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143235720","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-01Epub Date: 2024-02-08DOI: 10.1016/j.dcmed.2024.01.001
Zou Menglong , Hu Zhuoyu , Long Dan , Sun Haoxian , Zhu Ying
<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>To evaluate the methodological quality of papers that performed meta-analyzed and systematically reviewed acupoint selections for the treatment of functional dyspepsia (FD) and to identify the ideal acupoint combinations for FD.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Chinese databases including China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), China Science and Technology Journal Database (VIP), China Biology Medicine (CBM), and Wanfang Database, as well as English databases including PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library were searched to retrieve papers about meta-analysis and systematic literature reviews on acupuncture for FD. The time span for the paper retrieval was set from the foundation of the databases to April 30, 2022. The Veritas scores of the papers based on their publication year, study type, Assessment of Multiple Systematic Reviews 2 (AMSTAR2), Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA), heterogeneity, and publication bias were rated to assess the methodological quality of the included studies. Then, randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were extracted from those meta-analysis papers or systematic literature reviews for analyzing acupoints frequency, meridian frequency, and association rules with the use of R software (V 4.3.1).</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Eight meta-analysis papers were included in the study after screening. The mean Veritas scores of the papers based on publication year, type of study, AMSTAR2, PRISMA, heterogeneity, and publication bias were 4.50, 8.00, 4.63, 4.63, 4.50, and 6.13, respectively. The analysis of the scores revealed insufficiencies in the reviews pertaining to the methodology, comprehension of the research strategy, detailed list of excluded studies, sources of funding, assessment of potential bias risks impact on meta-analysis results in each study, explanation of heterogeneity, and identification of potential conflicts of interest. Furthermore, a total of 85 RCTs were obtained from the eight meta-analysis papers involving 85 acupuncture prescriptions and 67 acupoints for subsequent data mining. The most commonly used meridian was Stomach meridian of Foot-Yangming (ST). Zusanli (ST36), Neiguan (PC6), Zhongwan (CV12), Taichong (LR3), Tianshu (ST25), Gongsun (SP4), Weishu (BL21), Pishu (BL20), Neiting (ST44), and Yinlingquan (SP9) topped the list of frequently selected acupoints. Additionally, a total of 28 association rules were identified, including 10 second-order, 15 third-order, and 3 fourth-order association rules. The top-ranking association rules in each order were “Neiguan (PC6) → Zusanli (ST36)” “Zhongwan (CV12) + Neiguan (PC6) → Zusanli (ST36)” and “Zhongwan (CV12) + Taichong (LR3) + Neiguan (PC6) → Zusanli (ST36)”, respectively.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Acupuncture could alleviate the clinical symptoms of FD. However, the quality of methodology applied in the meta-analysis papers on the subject needs to be imp
{"title":"Evidence and acupoint combinations in acupuncture for functional dyspepsia: an overview of systematic review and data mining study","authors":"Zou Menglong , Hu Zhuoyu , Long Dan , Sun Haoxian , Zhu Ying","doi":"10.1016/j.dcmed.2024.01.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dcmed.2024.01.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>To evaluate the methodological quality of papers that performed meta-analyzed and systematically reviewed acupoint selections for the treatment of functional dyspepsia (FD) and to identify the ideal acupoint combinations for FD.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Chinese databases including China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), China Science and Technology Journal Database (VIP), China Biology Medicine (CBM), and Wanfang Database, as well as English databases including PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library were searched to retrieve papers about meta-analysis and systematic literature reviews on acupuncture for FD. The time span for the paper retrieval was set from the foundation of the databases to April 30, 2022. The Veritas scores of the papers based on their publication year, study type, Assessment of Multiple Systematic Reviews 2 (AMSTAR2), Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA), heterogeneity, and publication bias were rated to assess the methodological quality of the included studies. Then, randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were extracted from those meta-analysis papers or systematic literature reviews for analyzing acupoints frequency, meridian frequency, and association rules with the use of R software (V 4.3.1).</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Eight meta-analysis papers were included in the study after screening. The mean Veritas scores of the papers based on publication year, type of study, AMSTAR2, PRISMA, heterogeneity, and publication bias were 4.50, 8.00, 4.63, 4.63, 4.50, and 6.13, respectively. The analysis of the scores revealed insufficiencies in the reviews pertaining to the methodology, comprehension of the research strategy, detailed list of excluded studies, sources of funding, assessment of potential bias risks impact on meta-analysis results in each study, explanation of heterogeneity, and identification of potential conflicts of interest. Furthermore, a total of 85 RCTs were obtained from the eight meta-analysis papers involving 85 acupuncture prescriptions and 67 acupoints for subsequent data mining. The most commonly used meridian was Stomach meridian of Foot-Yangming (ST). Zusanli (ST36), Neiguan (PC6), Zhongwan (CV12), Taichong (LR3), Tianshu (ST25), Gongsun (SP4), Weishu (BL21), Pishu (BL20), Neiting (ST44), and Yinlingquan (SP9) topped the list of frequently selected acupoints. Additionally, a total of 28 association rules were identified, including 10 second-order, 15 third-order, and 3 fourth-order association rules. The top-ranking association rules in each order were “Neiguan (PC6) → Zusanli (ST36)” “Zhongwan (CV12) + Neiguan (PC6) → Zusanli (ST36)” and “Zhongwan (CV12) + Taichong (LR3) + Neiguan (PC6) → Zusanli (ST36)”, respectively.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Acupuncture could alleviate the clinical symptoms of FD. However, the quality of methodology applied in the meta-analysis papers on the subject needs to be imp","PeriodicalId":33578,"journal":{"name":"Digital Chinese Medicine","volume":"6 4","pages":"Pages 369-380"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143234844","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-01Epub Date: 2024-02-08DOI: 10.1016/j.dcmed.2024.01.003
Yin Ziwei , Zheng Huizhen , Guo Zhihua
Objective
To evaluate the efficacy and safety of Qili Qiangxin Capsule (QLQXC) combined with western medicine in patients with ischemic cardiomyopathy (ICM) comorbid with heart failure (HF) for clinical application.
Methods
We searched relevant references in Chinese databases including China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), China Scientific Journal Database (VIP), Wanfang Database, and China Biology Medicine (CBM), as well as English databases including PubMed and Embase, from the foundation of the database to January 8, 2023, without language restrictions. All statistical analyses, including subgroup and sensitivity analyses, were performed using the Review Manager (version 5.4) and Stata (version 15.0).
Results
QLQXC combined with western medicine significantly increased the endpoints of overall response rate (ORR) (P < 0.000 01), left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) (P < 0.000 01), the score of Minnesota Living with Heart Failure Questionnaire (MLHFQ) (P = 0.000 2), and 6-minute walking distance (6MWD) (P < 0.000 01), decreased left ventricular end-diastolic diameter (LVEDD) (P < 0.000 01), left ventricular end-systolic diameter (LVESD) (P = 0.03), and pro-brain natriuretic peptide (pro-BNP) (P < 0.00001), and reduced the incidence of rehospitalization (P = 0.0003) and adverse events (AEs) (P = 0.000 6) compared with those under the conventional western therapy alone. Nonetheless, no significant difference was observed in reducing the mortality between the QLQXC combined with western medicine group and the western medicine group (P = 0.30).
Conclusion
The combination therapy of QLQXC with western medicine can potentiate cardiac function and raise the quality of life in patients with ICM comorbid with HF.
{"title":"Efficacy and safety of Qili Qiangxin Capsule in the adjuvant treatment of ischemic cardiomyopathy with heart failure: a systematic review and meta-analysis","authors":"Yin Ziwei , Zheng Huizhen , Guo Zhihua","doi":"10.1016/j.dcmed.2024.01.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dcmed.2024.01.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>To evaluate the efficacy and safety of Qili Qiangxin Capsule (QLQXC) combined with western medicine in patients with ischemic cardiomyopathy (ICM) comorbid with heart failure (HF) for clinical application.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We searched relevant references in Chinese databases including China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), China Scientific Journal Database (VIP), Wanfang Database, and China Biology Medicine (CBM), as well as English databases including PubMed and Embase, from the foundation of the database to January 8, 2023, without language restrictions. All statistical analyses, including subgroup and sensitivity analyses, were performed using the Review Manager (version 5.4) and Stata (version 15.0).</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>QLQXC combined with western medicine significantly increased the endpoints of overall response rate (ORR) (<em>P</em> < 0.000 01), left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) (<em>P</em> < 0.000 01), the score of Minnesota Living with Heart Failure Questionnaire (MLHFQ) (<em>P</em> = 0.000 2), and 6-minute walking distance (6MWD) (<em>P</em> < 0.000 01), decreased left ventricular end-diastolic diameter (LVEDD) (<em>P</em> < 0.000 01), left ventricular end-systolic diameter (LVESD) (<em>P</em> = 0.03), and pro-brain natriuretic peptide (pro-BNP) (<em>P</em> < 0.00001), and reduced the incidence of rehospitalization (<em>P</em> = 0.0003) and adverse events (AEs) (<em>P</em> = 0.000 6) compared with those under the conventional western therapy alone. Nonetheless, no significant difference was observed in reducing the mortality between the QLQXC combined with western medicine group and the western medicine group (<em>P</em> = 0.30).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>The combination therapy of QLQXC with western medicine can potentiate cardiac function and raise the quality of life in patients with ICM comorbid with HF.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":33578,"journal":{"name":"Digital Chinese Medicine","volume":"6 4","pages":"Pages 393-404"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143234592","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-01Epub Date: 2024-02-08DOI: 10.1016/j.dcmed.2024.01.002
Arlinda Silva Prameswari , Viskasari Pintoko Kalanjati , Tri Hartini Yuliawati , Abdurachman , Muhammad Miftahussurur
Objective
To investigate the cardioprotective effect of Saffron (Crocus sativus L.) treatment as a potential supplement on patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).
Methods
Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines were applied to analyze articles retrieved from PubMed, ScienceDirect, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), and China Biology Medicine (CBM) with a publication time span from January 15, 2015 to March 20, 2023. The articles were published in English only, including randomized controlled trials (RCTs) on adult patients who were diagnosed with T2DM, and received either Saffron or placebo treatment. Meta-analysis was performed using Review Manager 5.4 software. The present study was registered on the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO) with a registration number as CRD42023443180.
Results
Seven RCTs with 455 patients were included in the study. The data revealed that Saffron treatment significantly reduced tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α (P = 0.008) and fasting blood glucose (FBG) (P = 0.04) levels compared with what placebo did in T2DM patients. No significant differences were shown in the levels of interleukin (IL)-6, malondialdehyde (MDA), high serum C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), lipid profile, blood pressure, and body mass index (BMI) between Saffron and placebo (P > 0.05).
Conclusion
Saffron treatment has a cardioprotective effect in T2DM patients by reducing TNF-α and FBG levels. However, the potential anti-oxidant, anti-hypertensive, and anti-dyslipidaemia effects of the phytochemical need to be further investigated.
{"title":"Cardioprotective of Saffron (Crocus sativus L.) treatment in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a systematic review and meta-analysis","authors":"Arlinda Silva Prameswari , Viskasari Pintoko Kalanjati , Tri Hartini Yuliawati , Abdurachman , Muhammad Miftahussurur","doi":"10.1016/j.dcmed.2024.01.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dcmed.2024.01.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>To investigate the cardioprotective effect of Saffron (<em>Crocus sativus</em> L.) treatment as a potential supplement on patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines were applied to analyze articles retrieved from PubMed, ScienceDirect, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), and China Biology Medicine (CBM) with a publication time span from January 15, 2015 to March 20, 2023. The articles were published in English only, including randomized controlled trials (RCTs) on adult patients who were diagnosed with T2DM, and received either Saffron or placebo treatment. Meta-analysis was performed using Review Manager 5.4 software. The present study was registered on the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO) with a registration number as CRD42023443180.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Seven RCTs with 455 patients were included in the study. The data revealed that Saffron treatment significantly reduced tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-<em>α</em> (<em>P</em> = 0.008) and fasting blood glucose (FBG) (<em>P</em> = 0.04) levels compared with what placebo did in T2DM patients. No significant differences were shown in the levels of interleukin (IL)-6, malondialdehyde (MDA), high serum C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), lipid profile, blood pressure, and body mass index (BMI) between Saffron and placebo (<em>P</em> > 0.05).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Saffron treatment has a cardioprotective effect in T2DM patients by reducing TNF-<em>α</em> and FBG levels. However, the potential anti-oxidant, anti-hypertensive, and anti-dyslipidaemia effects of the phytochemical need to be further investigated.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":33578,"journal":{"name":"Digital Chinese Medicine","volume":"6 4","pages":"Pages 381-392"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143234845","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-01Epub Date: 2023-11-17DOI: 10.1016/j.dcmed.2023.10.001
Zhuo Zewei , Zhang Fei , Yang Chengwei , Gao Bizhen , Li Candong
[Objective]
To construct a Nomogram model for the prediction of essential hypertension (EH) risks with the use of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) syndrome elements principles in conjunction with cutting-edge biochemical detection technologies.
[Methods]
A case-control study was conducted, involving 301 patients with essential hypertension in the hypertensive group and 314 without in the control group. Comprehensive data, including the information on the four TCM diagnoses, general data, and blood biochemical indicators of participants in both groups, were collected separately for analysis. The differentiation principles of syndrome elements were used to discern the location and nature of hypertension. One-way analysis was carried out to screen for potential risk factors of the disease. Least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression was used to identify factors that contribute significantly to the model, and eliminate possible collinearity problems. At last, multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to both screen and quantify independent risk factors essential for the prediction model. The “rms” package in the R Studio was used to construct the Nomogram model, creating line segments of varying lengths based on the contribution of each risk factor to aid in the prediction of risks of hypertension. For internal model validation, the Bootstrap program package was utilized to perform 1000 repetitions of sampling and generate calibration curves.
[Results]
The results of the multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that the risk factors of EH included age, heart rate (HR), waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), uric acid (UA) levels, family medical history, sleep patterns (early awakening and light sleep), water intake, and psychological traits (depression and anger). Additionally, TCM syndrome elements such as phlegm, Yin deficiency, and Yang hyperactivity contributed to the risk of EH onset as well. TCM syndrome elements liver, spleen, and kidney were also considered the risk factors of EH. Next, the Nomogram model was constructed using the aforementioned 14 risk predictors, with an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.868 and a 95% confidence interval (CI) ranging from 0.840 to 0.895. The diagnostic sensitivity and specificity were found to be 80.7% and 85.0%, respectively. Internal validation confirmed the model’s robust predictive performance, with a consistency index (C-index) of 0.879, underscoring the model’s strong predictive ability.
[Conclusion]
By integrating TCM syndrome elements, the Nomogram model has realized the objective, qualitative, and quantitative selection of early warning factors for developing EH, resulting in the creation of a more comprehensive and precise prediction model for EH risks.
{"title":"A Nomogram model for the early warning of essential hypertension risks based on the principles of traditional Chinese medicine syndrome elements","authors":"Zhuo Zewei , Zhang Fei , Yang Chengwei , Gao Bizhen , Li Candong","doi":"10.1016/j.dcmed.2023.10.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dcmed.2023.10.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>[Objective]</h3><p>To construct a Nomogram model for the prediction of essential hypertension (EH) risks with the use of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) syndrome elements principles in conjunction with cutting-edge biochemical detection technologies.</p></div><div><h3>[Methods]</h3><p>A case-control study was conducted, involving 301 patients with essential hypertension in the hypertensive group and 314 without in the control group. Comprehensive data, including the information on the four TCM diagnoses, general data, and blood biochemical indicators of participants in both groups, were collected separately for analysis. The differentiation principles of syndrome elements were used to discern the location and nature of hypertension. One-way analysis was carried out to screen for potential risk factors of the disease. Least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression was used to identify factors that contribute significantly to the model, and eliminate possible collinearity problems. At last, multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to both screen and quantify independent risk factors essential for the prediction model. The “rms” package in the R Studio was used to construct the Nomogram model, creating line segments of varying lengths based on the contribution of each risk factor to aid in the prediction of risks of hypertension. For internal model validation, the Bootstrap program package was utilized to perform 1000 repetitions of sampling and generate calibration curves.</p></div><div><h3>[Results]</h3><p>The results of the multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that the risk factors of EH included age, heart rate (HR), waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), uric acid (UA) levels, family medical history, sleep patterns (early awakening and light sleep), water intake, and psychological traits (depression and anger). Additionally, TCM syndrome elements such as phlegm, Yin deficiency, and Yang hyperactivity contributed to the risk of EH onset as well. TCM syndrome elements liver, spleen, and kidney were also considered the risk factors of EH. Next, the Nomogram model was constructed using the aforementioned 14 risk predictors, with an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.868 and a 95% confidence interval (CI) ranging from 0.840 to 0.895. The diagnostic sensitivity and specificity were found to be 80.7% and 85.0%, respectively. Internal validation confirmed the model’s robust predictive performance, with a consistency index (C-index) of 0.879, underscoring the model’s strong predictive ability.</p></div><div><h3>[Conclusion]</h3><p>By integrating TCM syndrome elements, the Nomogram model has realized the objective, qualitative, and quantitative selection of early warning factors for developing EH, resulting in the creation of a more comprehensive and precise prediction model for EH risks.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":33578,"journal":{"name":"Digital Chinese Medicine","volume":"6 3","pages":"Pages 245-256"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2589377723000514/pdfft?md5=d3c4b3956a97b6263f10e3595bb91484&pid=1-s2.0-S2589377723000514-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138335254","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
To explore the application of Quality by Design (QbD) tools in assessing geographical variations of Phyllanthus emblica (P. emblica) from five distinct Indian states.
[Methods]
In the current experiment, the Box-Behnken design with a reduced quartic model and 105 runs was employed with the use of the Design Expert software for randomized response surface mapping. Three different extraction methods (Soxhlet, maceration, and sonication) along with three solventst [distilled water, methanol, and water-methanol mixture (50 : 50 v/v)] were considered in the present study. The anti-oxidant activities, total flavonoid content (TFC), and total phenolic content (TPC) in the P. emblica were determined and analysed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) to identify the major components.
[Results]
The QbD overlay plot showed that the extractive value of the P. emblica was no less than 30% w/w, 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) no less than 60% mcg/mL (micrograms per millilitre), TFC no less than 75 mg QE/g (milligrams of quercetin equivalents per gram), and TPC no less than 80 mg GAE/g (milligrams of gallic acid equivalents per gram). Moreover, the GC-MS data confirmed the presence of variation in the bioactives of P. emblica extracts.
[Conclusion]
The model was significant in describing the variation in extractive value, DPPH, TFC, and TPC. The QbD approach may tend to prioritize thoroughness in the extraction process, ultimately resulting in improved quality in the extracted products.
{"title":"Quality by Design approach for the investigation of critical characteristics of Phyllanthus emblica from different vicinities","authors":"Grishm Rohilla , Priya Masand , Pooja Dhama , Anurag , Sunil Gupta , Alok Sharma","doi":"10.1016/j.dcmed.2023.10.003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dcmed.2023.10.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>[Objective]</h3><p>To explore the application of Quality by Design (QbD) tools in assessing geographical variations of <em>Phyllanthus emblica</em> (<em>P</em>. <em>emblica</em>) from five distinct Indian states.</p></div><div><h3>[Methods]</h3><p>In the current experiment, the Box-Behnken design with a reduced quartic model and 105 runs was employed with the use of the Design Expert software for randomized response surface mapping. Three different extraction methods (Soxhlet, maceration, and sonication) along with three solventst [distilled water, methanol, and water-methanol mixture (50 : 50 v/v)] were considered in the present study. The anti-oxidant activities, total flavonoid content (TFC), and total phenolic content (TPC) in the <em>P. emblica</em> were determined and analysed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) to identify the major components.</p></div><div><h3>[Results]</h3><p>The QbD overlay plot showed that the extractive value of the <em>P. emblica</em> was no less than 30% w/w, 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) no less than 60% mcg/mL (micrograms per millilitre), TFC no less than 75 mg QE/g (milligrams of quercetin equivalents per gram), and TPC no less than 80 mg GAE/g (milligrams of gallic acid equivalents per gram). Moreover, the GC-MS data confirmed the presence of variation in the bioactives of <em>P. emblica</em> extracts.</p></div><div><h3>[Conclusion]</h3><p>The model was significant in describing the variation in extractive value, DPPH, TFC, and TPC. The QbD approach may tend to prioritize thoroughness in the extraction process, ultimately resulting in improved quality in the extracted products.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":33578,"journal":{"name":"Digital Chinese Medicine","volume":"6 3","pages":"Pages 272-284"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2589377723000538/pdfft?md5=a44db85d2c49d3022e87702b1c561be0&pid=1-s2.0-S2589377723000538-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138395700","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-01Epub Date: 2023-11-17DOI: 10.1016/j.dcmed.2023.10.007
Wei Li , Shuo Wang , Jiepeng Wang , Fang Fang , Chaoyi Fang
Objective
To investigate the underlying mechanism of the compound Bugansan Decoction (补肝散, BGSD) in intervening learning and memory in D-galactose (D-gal)-induced aging rats.
Methods
A total of 40 rats were randomly assigned to four groups: control, model, BGSD [14.06 g/(kg·d)], and piracetam [0.4 g/(kg·d)] groups, with 10 rats in each group. D-gal [400 mg/(kg·d)] was injected intraperitoneally to establish the aging rat model. The rats' body weight, water intake, food intake, and gripping strength were recorded each week. The eight-arm maze and step-down test were used to measure the rats' capacity for learning and memory. Liver, thymus, spleen, and brain tissues were weighed to calculate the corresponding organ indices; serum malondialdehyde (MDA) content and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity were measured. Hematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining was adopted to observe the pathological changes of the hippocampus; enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to detect the levels of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-6, and IL-1β in the hippocampus. Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) was used to detect the expression of receptors for advanced glycation end products (RAGE), nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB), TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β mRNA in the hippocampus. Western blot (WB) was employed to detect the expression levels of advanced glycation end products (AGEs), RAGE, and NF-κB protein in the hippocampus.
Results
In D-gal-induced aging rats, BGSD significantly increased food intake, water intake, body weight, gripping strength, and organ indices (P < 0.05), and significantly decreased working memory error (WME), reference memory error (RME), and total memory errors (TE) in an eight-arm maze (P < 0.05). In the step-down test, step-down latency was prolonged and the frequency of errors dropped (P < 0.05). Additionally, BGSD could lessen the harm done to hippocampus neurons, increase serum SOD activity, lower MDA levels, and down-regulate the expression levels of the pro-inflammatory molecules TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β (P < 0.05). Further findings showed that BGSD significantly decreased hippocampal AGEs, RAGE, and NF-κB expression (P < 0.05).
Conclusion
By blocking the AGEs/RAGE/NF-κB signaling pathway, BGSD may regulate the neuroinflammatory damage in D-gal-induced aging rats, and thus improve learning and memory.
{"title":"Mechanism of Bugansan Decoction in ameliorating learning and memory impairment in D-galactose-induced aging rats based on AGEs/RAGE/NF-κB pathway","authors":"Wei Li , Shuo Wang , Jiepeng Wang , Fang Fang , Chaoyi Fang","doi":"10.1016/j.dcmed.2023.10.007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dcmed.2023.10.007","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><p>To investigate the underlying mechanism of the compound Bugansan Decoction (补肝散, BGSD) in intervening learning and memory in D-galactose (D-gal)-induced aging rats.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>A total of 40 rats were randomly assigned to four groups: control, model, BGSD [14.06 g/(kg·d)], and piracetam [0.4 g/(kg·d)] groups, with 10 rats in each group. D-gal [400 mg/(kg·d)] was injected intraperitoneally to establish the aging rat model. The rats' body weight, water intake, food intake, and gripping strength were recorded each week. The eight-arm maze and step-down test were used to measure the rats' capacity for learning and memory. Liver, thymus, spleen, and brain tissues were weighed to calculate the corresponding organ indices; serum malondialdehyde (MDA) content and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity were measured. Hematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining was adopted to observe the pathological changes of the hippocampus; enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to detect the levels of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-<em>α</em>, interleukin (IL)-6, and IL-1<em>β</em> in the hippocampus. Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) was used to detect the expression of receptors for advanced glycation end products (RAGE), nuclear factor-<em>κ</em>B (NF-<em>κ</em>B), TNF-<em>α</em>, IL-6, and IL-1<em>β</em> mRNA in the hippocampus. Western blot (WB) was employed to detect the expression levels of advanced glycation end products (AGEs), RAGE, and NF-<em>κ</em>B protein in the hippocampus.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>In D-gal-induced aging rats, BGSD significantly increased food intake, water intake, body weight, gripping strength, and organ indices (<em>P</em> < 0.05), and significantly decreased working memory error (WME), reference memory error (RME), and total memory errors (TE) in an eight-arm maze (<em>P</em> < 0.05). In the step-down test, step-down latency was prolonged and the frequency of errors dropped (<em>P</em> < 0.05). Additionally, BGSD could lessen the harm done to hippocampus neurons, increase serum SOD activity, lower MDA levels, and down-regulate the expression levels of the pro-inflammatory molecules TNF-<em>α</em>, IL-6, and IL-1<em>β</em> (<em>P</em> < 0.05). Further findings showed that BGSD significantly decreased hippocampal AGEs, RAGE, and NF-<em>κ</em>B expression (<em>P</em> < 0.05).</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>By blocking the AGEs/RAGE/NF-<em>κ</em>B signaling pathway, BGSD may regulate the neuroinflammatory damage in D-gal-induced aging rats, and thus improve learning and memory.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":33578,"journal":{"name":"Digital Chinese Medicine","volume":"6 3","pages":"Pages 317-327"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2589377723000575/pdfft?md5=c63d1bd794c0e7b3196b229a4a6129e5&pid=1-s2.0-S2589377723000575-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138334796","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：
京公网安备 11010802042870号