Pub Date : 2019-10-01DOI: 10.30476/INTJSH.2019.45883
Hadiseh Okhli, H. Hojjati, Golbahar Akhoundzadeh
Background: Lordosis is a curvature in the posterior of vertebral column. Loss of normal lordotic alignment may induce pathologic changes in the spine from load bearing and accelerate degeneration of the functional motion units. The purpose of this study was to compare the effect of the corrective exercises of the National Academy of Sports Medicine (NASM) and Pilates on the correction of lumbar lordosis among female high school students. Methods: In this experimental study, conducted in 2018, 45 female high school students suffering from lumbar lordosis were randomly selected from Golestan Province and divided into three groups of NASM corrective exercises, Pilates exercises and control. The two intervention groups received corrective exercises for eight weeks, the angle of lordosis was measured prior to and following the intervention, and the analysis of variance was used at a significant level of P<0.05. Results: The results showed that both 8-week corrective NASM (P=0.03) and 8-week Pilates exercises (P=0.01) had a significant effect on the angle of lumbar lordosis. However, no significant differences were observed in the control group in this regard (P=0.7). Moreover, according to ANOVA test, there were no significant differences among the three groups regarding lordosis angle prior to the intervention (P=0.13 and F=2.14). Conclusion: Based on the results of the present study, the lumbar lordosis angle decreased in both NASM and Pilates exercises groups following the intervention, with NASM exercises resulting in more reduction in the lumbar curvature compared with Pilates exercises. Therefore, therapists and experts of corrective movements can make use of these exercises as novel approachesto correcting lordosis.
{"title":"Comparing the Effect of the Corrective Exercises of America’s National Academy of Sports Medicine and Pilates on the Correction of Lordosis among Female High School Students in Golestan Province in 2018","authors":"Hadiseh Okhli, H. Hojjati, Golbahar Akhoundzadeh","doi":"10.30476/INTJSH.2019.45883","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30476/INTJSH.2019.45883","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Lordosis is a curvature in the posterior of vertebral column. Loss of normal lordotic alignment may induce pathologic changes in the spine from load bearing and accelerate degeneration of the functional motion units. The purpose of this study was to compare the effect of the corrective exercises of the National Academy of Sports Medicine (NASM) and Pilates on the correction of lumbar lordosis among female high school students. Methods: In this experimental study, conducted in 2018, 45 female high school students suffering from lumbar lordosis were randomly selected from Golestan Province and divided into three groups of NASM corrective exercises, Pilates exercises and control. The two intervention groups received corrective exercises for eight weeks, the angle of lordosis was measured prior to and following the intervention, and the analysis of variance was used at a significant level of P<0.05. Results: The results showed that both 8-week corrective NASM (P=0.03) and 8-week Pilates exercises (P=0.01) had a significant effect on the angle of lumbar lordosis. However, no significant differences were observed in the control group in this regard (P=0.7). Moreover, according to ANOVA test, there were no significant differences among the three groups regarding lordosis angle prior to the intervention (P=0.13 and F=2.14). Conclusion: Based on the results of the present study, the lumbar lordosis angle decreased in both NASM and Pilates exercises groups following the intervention, with NASM exercises resulting in more reduction in the lumbar curvature compared with Pilates exercises. Therefore, therapists and experts of corrective movements can make use of these exercises as novel approachesto correcting lordosis.","PeriodicalId":33610,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of School Health","volume":"6 1","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48553092","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-10-01DOI: 10.30476/INTJSH.2019.45892
Parastoo Mohammad Gholinejad, H. Hojjati, S. Ghorbani
Background: Physical activity stimulates the growth rate and reduces the risk factors of human health. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of aerobic exercise on the body composition and muscle strength of elementary school female students. Methods: This quasi-experimental study was conducted on 42 elementary school female students at Ali Abad Katoul city of Golestan Province, Iran in 2018. The samples were randomly divided in two groups including intervention and control. Data collection tool included body composition, and leg and chest pressing device. The exercise protocol contained various aerobic exercises for four weeks, three sessions per week, each session takes 45 minutes. Pre-test and post-test measurements were made by body composition, and leg and chest pressing device in both control and intervention groups. Data were analyzed by SPSS software version 16 using descriptive statistics (mean and standard deviation) and inferential statistics (independent and paired t-test). Results: The results of the test group indicated the average height of 152.79, standard deviation of 10.25, and so average weight of 49.28 and standard deviation of 12.86. The results showed that a four-week aerobic training period had no significant effect on the body composition and upper body muscle strength of female students (P=0.83), but this training course significantly increased the lower body muscle strength of female students in the intervention group (P=0.01). Conclusion: Considering the effect of a four-week aerobic training course on lower body muscle strength of students, it is suggested that sport teachers use these types of exercises to increase the muscle strength of students.
背景：体育活动可以刺激生长速度，降低人体健康的危险因素。本研究旨在探讨有氧运动对小学女生身体成分及肌肉力量的影响。方法：本准实验研究于2018年在伊朗戈勒斯坦省Ali Abad Katoul市对42名小学女生进行。将样本随机分为干预组和对照组。数据采集工具包括身体成分、腿部和胸部按压装置。运动方案包括为期四周的各种有氧运动，每周三次，每次45分钟。对照组和干预组通过身体成分、腿部和胸部按压装置进行测试前和测试后测量。数据通过SPSS软件版本16进行分析，使用描述性统计学（平均值和标准差）和推断统计学（独立和配对t检验）。结果：试验组平均身高152.79，标准差10.25，平均体重49.28，标准差12.86。结果表明，为期四周的有氧训练对女生的身体成分和上半身肌力没有显著影响（P=0.83），但该训练课程显著提高了干预组女生的下半身肌力（P=0.01）。结论：考虑到为期四周的有氧训练课程对学生下半身肌力的影响，建议体育教师使用这些类型的运动来增加学生的肌力。
{"title":"The Effect of Aerobic Exercise on Body Composition and Muscle Strength of Female Students at Elementary Schools of Ali Abad Katoul in 2018","authors":"Parastoo Mohammad Gholinejad, H. Hojjati, S. Ghorbani","doi":"10.30476/INTJSH.2019.45892","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30476/INTJSH.2019.45892","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Physical activity stimulates the growth rate and reduces the risk factors of human health. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of aerobic exercise on the body composition and muscle strength of elementary school female students. Methods: This quasi-experimental study was conducted on 42 elementary school female students at Ali Abad Katoul city of Golestan Province, Iran in 2018. The samples were randomly divided in two groups including intervention and control. Data collection tool included body composition, and leg and chest pressing device. The exercise protocol contained various aerobic exercises for four weeks, three sessions per week, each session takes 45 minutes. Pre-test and post-test measurements were made by body composition, and leg and chest pressing device in both control and intervention groups. Data were analyzed by SPSS software version 16 using descriptive statistics (mean and standard deviation) and inferential statistics (independent and paired t-test). Results: The results of the test group indicated the average height of 152.79, standard deviation of 10.25, and so average weight of 49.28 and standard deviation of 12.86. The results showed that a four-week aerobic training period had no significant effect on the body composition and upper body muscle strength of female students (P=0.83), but this training course significantly increased the lower body muscle strength of female students in the intervention group (P=0.01). Conclusion: Considering the effect of a four-week aerobic training course on lower body muscle strength of students, it is suggested that sport teachers use these types of exercises to increase the muscle strength of students.","PeriodicalId":33610,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of School Health","volume":"6 1","pages":"27-33"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46173731","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-10-01DOI: 10.30476/INTJSH.2019.45891
R. Saadatmehr, A. Karimian, Ensieh Babaei, F. Bakhshian
Background: Due to the formation of identity in adolescence and the importance of this subject in this period and also many factors playing an important role in this field, this study aims to identify ways to enhance identification in high school students. Methods: This is a qualitative study conducted by Delphi method. Twenty-five psychologists and sociologists in the field of education were selected to participate in the study. Experts received 5 full-fledged questions about the ways to enhance identity in high school students. After receiving the forms, experts’ opinions were categorized and semi-structured, then, in a four-step Delphi, a consensus was reached among the experts in this field. The Kendall Coordinating Coefficient was used to examine the agreement between the experts and Friedman’s test to rank each of the enhancements of adolescents’ identification factors. Results: Findings showed that among the proposed methods by the experts, 13 factors were agreed upon by the experts. The highest rank is to increase self-esteem and the lowest rank is preserving cultural values. Conclusion: According to the results, holding educational courses for parents and students, equipping and enriching schools, and taking into account extracurricular activities to facilitate easy identification of the students is recommended.
{"title":"The Ways to Strengthen the Factors Affecting Identity in High School Students","authors":"R. Saadatmehr, A. Karimian, Ensieh Babaei, F. Bakhshian","doi":"10.30476/INTJSH.2019.45891","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30476/INTJSH.2019.45891","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Due to the formation of identity in adolescence and the importance of this subject in this period and also many factors playing an important role in this field, this study aims to identify ways to enhance identification in high school students. Methods: This is a qualitative study conducted by Delphi method. Twenty-five psychologists and sociologists in the field of education were selected to participate in the study. Experts received 5 full-fledged questions about the ways to enhance identity in high school students. After receiving the forms, experts’ opinions were categorized and semi-structured, then, in a four-step Delphi, a consensus was reached among the experts in this field. The Kendall Coordinating Coefficient was used to examine the agreement between the experts and Friedman’s test to rank each of the enhancements of adolescents’ identification factors. Results: Findings showed that among the proposed methods by the experts, 13 factors were agreed upon by the experts. The highest rank is to increase self-esteem and the lowest rank is preserving cultural values. Conclusion: According to the results, holding educational courses for parents and students, equipping and enriching schools, and taking into account extracurricular activities to facilitate easy identification of the students is recommended.","PeriodicalId":33610,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of School Health","volume":"6 1","pages":"21-26"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48951130","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-10-01DOI: 10.30476/INTJSH.2019.45884
Grace K I Lok, Milly Ng, Michelle Zhu, S. K. Chao, Shirley Li
Background: Since death anxiety is a potential risk for adolescent suicide, it is important to identify the related factors for promoting positive life attitudes and suicide prevention in high school students in Macao. For this aim, we assessed the level of death anxiety of the adolescents with Chinese ethnicity and explored its socio-demographic correlations. Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted on 2,687 adolescents aged 14 years or above, recruited from ten high schools in Macao during June 2015. A self-administrated questionnaire was distributed to the participants and was completed autonomously and anonymously. Results: Our findings indicated the average death anxiety score of high school adolescents in Macao was within the general norm of 4.5 to 7.0 (6.97, SD=3.13). Female adolescents (t=-7.914, P<0.001) who studied in senior secondary school (t=-3.952, P<0.001) had participated in life and death education (t=-2.275, P=0.023) with religious belief (t=-2.451, P=0.014) and attended school with religious background (t=-3.42, P=0.001) reported significant differences in death anxiety. Furthermore, weak mediating effect of religious belief (OR=0.04, P=0.042) and school attendance with religious background (OR=0.06, P=0.004) were found to be effective in reducing death anxiety in these adolescents. Conclusion: This is the first study to examine death anxiety of Chinese adolescents. Our findings suggest the need to pay attention on the effect of religious belief and cultural considerations for designing life and death education in Chinese adolescents.
{"title":"Mediating Effect of Religious Belief on Death Anxiety in Chinese Adolescents: A Cross-Sectional Study","authors":"Grace K I Lok, Milly Ng, Michelle Zhu, S. K. Chao, Shirley Li","doi":"10.30476/INTJSH.2019.45884","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30476/INTJSH.2019.45884","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Since death anxiety is a potential risk for adolescent suicide, it is important to identify the related factors for promoting positive life attitudes and suicide prevention in high school students in Macao. For this aim, we assessed the level of death anxiety of the adolescents with Chinese ethnicity and explored its socio-demographic correlations. Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted on 2,687 adolescents aged 14 years or above, recruited from ten high schools in Macao during June 2015. A self-administrated questionnaire was distributed to the participants and was completed autonomously and anonymously. Results: Our findings indicated the average death anxiety score of high school adolescents in Macao was within the general norm of 4.5 to 7.0 (6.97, SD=3.13). Female adolescents (t=-7.914, P<0.001) who studied in senior secondary school (t=-3.952, P<0.001) had participated in life and death education (t=-2.275, P=0.023) with religious belief (t=-2.451, P=0.014) and attended school with religious background (t=-3.42, P=0.001) reported significant differences in death anxiety. Furthermore, weak mediating effect of religious belief (OR=0.04, P=0.042) and school attendance with religious background (OR=0.06, P=0.004) were found to be effective in reducing death anxiety in these adolescents. Conclusion: This is the first study to examine death anxiety of Chinese adolescents. Our findings suggest the need to pay attention on the effect of religious belief and cultural considerations for designing life and death education in Chinese adolescents.","PeriodicalId":33610,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of School Health","volume":"6 1","pages":"14-20"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48523476","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-10-01DOI: 10.30476/INTJSH.2019.45942
M. Shahab, S. Taklavi
Background: Adolescence is a developmental period when the adverse childhood experiences have a significant impact due to the changes in the brain structure and functioning during this period. This is mainly related to cognitive and emotional functioning. Childhood treatment, relationships, and health are the key factors involved in predicting later life emotional and cognitive growth and function. Objectives: This research aimed to investigate the relationship between adverse childhood experiences with emotion regulation and cognitive flexibility in teenage students. The research method was descriptive correlational. Methods: The population of the study included all enrolled teenage students in English language institutes of Ardabil city in 2019; 135 individuals were selected as the sample of the study. The research tools were Adverse Childhood Experiences Questionnaire, Cognitive Flexibility Questionnaire, and Emotional Regulation Scale. Results: The results showed that there was a significant negative correlation between adverse childhood experiences with emotion regulation (r=-0.409), (P=0.001) and cognitive flexibility(r=-0.435), (P=0.001). The results of the regression analysis showed that 29.5% of emotion regulation was explained by adverse childhood experiences. Also, 50.6% of cognitive flexibility was explained by adverse childhood experiences. Conclusion: There was found a negative and significant correlation between adverse childhood experiences with emotion regulation and cognitive flexibility in teenage students. From this finding, it can be concluded that the early development period and family member treatment, relationships, and health are the key factors in predicting later life emotional and cognitive growth and function.
{"title":"The Relationship Between the Effects of Adverse Childhood Experiences with Emotion Regulation and Cognitive Flexibility in Teenage Students","authors":"M. Shahab, S. Taklavi","doi":"10.30476/INTJSH.2019.45942","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30476/INTJSH.2019.45942","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Adolescence is a developmental period when the adverse childhood experiences have a significant impact due to the changes in the brain structure and functioning during this period. This is mainly related to cognitive and emotional functioning. Childhood treatment, relationships, and health are the key factors involved in predicting later life emotional and cognitive growth and function. Objectives: This research aimed to investigate the relationship between adverse childhood experiences with emotion regulation and cognitive flexibility in teenage students. The research method was descriptive correlational. Methods: The population of the study included all enrolled teenage students in English language institutes of Ardabil city in 2019; 135 individuals were selected as the sample of the study. The research tools were Adverse Childhood Experiences Questionnaire, Cognitive Flexibility Questionnaire, and Emotional Regulation Scale. Results: The results showed that there was a significant negative correlation between adverse childhood experiences with emotion regulation (r=-0.409), (P=0.001) and cognitive flexibility(r=-0.435), (P=0.001). The results of the regression analysis showed that 29.5% of emotion regulation was explained by adverse childhood experiences. Also, 50.6% of cognitive flexibility was explained by adverse childhood experiences. Conclusion: There was found a negative and significant correlation between adverse childhood experiences with emotion regulation and cognitive flexibility in teenage students. From this finding, it can be concluded that the early development period and family member treatment, relationships, and health are the key factors in predicting later life emotional and cognitive growth and function.","PeriodicalId":33610,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of School Health","volume":"6 1","pages":"41-47"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46866031","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: Adolescence is a period that a person develops from being juvenile into adulthood; therefore, training female adolescents is of great importance since it is a preparation stage for psychosocial demands. Psychologists should not only think about solving adolescence’s problems, but they must also help them to achieve a happier, and more fulfilled life. Excitement and the promotion of the meaning of life can have desirable aspects for the person, in individual and social conditions. Because when conformity appears in the form of normative influence, it improves the quality of life. Objectives: The purpose of the present study was to examine the effectiveness of positive psychotherapy on conformity and the purpose in life among female adolescents. Methods: The research method was quasi experimental with pretest-posttest and control group. The population included high school female students in Neka, Mazandaran province, Iran in 2017. Thirty female adolescents selected using purposeful, and convenience sampling methods as the samples of the study. Fifteen subjects were then randomly assigned into each of the experimental and control groups. The experimental group received psychoeducational based on positive psychotherapy during 8 weeks, one session per week and each session lasted for 90 minutes; the control group did not receive any intervention. Measurements of the study were conformity L-72 test, and purpose in life questionnaire that respectively includes 55 and 20 items. The reliability of both tools was higher than 0.7. Results: Results revealed that in the experimental group, the means of conformity in pretest, posttest and follow up were 85.13, 69.00 and 67.93, and the mean of purpose in life were 103.67, 120.47 and 121.40. The positive psychotherapy had a significant effect on declining conformity and elaborating purpose in life among subjects (P < 0.001). Conclusions: Positive psychotherapy, by relying on positive attributes, can be effective on individual and social health and growth of adolescent girls. It is recommended to be used for adolescents who have low-level of purpose in life in or conformity.
{"title":"Think and Act Positive: How to Deal with Conformity and Purpose in Life During Adolescence","authors":"M. Jadidi, Maryam Shahnasi, M. Zafarghandi","doi":"10.5812/INTJSH.79870","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5812/INTJSH.79870","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Adolescence is a period that a person develops from being juvenile into adulthood; therefore, training female adolescents is of great importance since it is a preparation stage for psychosocial demands. Psychologists should not only think about solving adolescence’s problems, but they must also help them to achieve a happier, and more fulfilled life. Excitement and the promotion of the meaning of life can have desirable aspects for the person, in individual and social conditions. Because when conformity appears in the form of normative influence, it improves the quality of life. \u0000Objectives: The purpose of the present study was to examine the effectiveness of positive psychotherapy on conformity and the purpose in life among female adolescents. \u0000Methods: The research method was quasi experimental with pretest-posttest and control group. The population included high school female students in Neka, Mazandaran province, Iran in 2017. Thirty female adolescents selected using purposeful, and convenience sampling methods as the samples of the study. Fifteen subjects were then randomly assigned into each of the experimental and control groups. The experimental group received psychoeducational based on positive psychotherapy during 8 weeks, one session per week and each session lasted for 90 minutes; the control group did not receive any intervention. Measurements of the study were conformity L-72 test, and purpose in life questionnaire that respectively includes 55 and 20 items. The reliability of both tools was higher than 0.7. \u0000Results: Results revealed that in the experimental group, the means of conformity in pretest, posttest and follow up were 85.13, 69.00 and 67.93, and the mean of purpose in life were 103.67, 120.47 and 121.40. The positive psychotherapy had a significant effect on declining conformity and elaborating purpose in life among subjects (P < 0.001). \u0000Conclusions: Positive psychotherapy, by relying on positive attributes, can be effective on individual and social health and growth of adolescent girls. It is recommended to be used for adolescents who have low-level of purpose in life in or conformity.","PeriodicalId":33610,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of School Health","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46671079","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ali Seghatoleslamy, M. Masoudi, M. Saghebjoo, M. Taheri
Background: The main purpose of this study was to determine whether Pilates exercise is as good as aerobic exercise on the performance of subtests of Wechsler ACID profile in female primary school students with learning disabilities. TheWechsler intelligence scale for children developed byWechsler in 1949 was used to measure children’s intelligence. One of the features of this scale is that, unlike similar individual scales, it is not designed based on the age level and items are arranged in order of difficulty in each test. Each subtest measures different abilities, the sum of which indicates the overall intelligence. Methods: The statistical population consisted of all female students with learning disorders in Sarayan city in the academic year 2013 - 2014, 45 of who were recruited as the sample in this study. Subjects were randomly divided into two experimental groups (aerobics and Pilates) and one control group (each containing 15 subjects). The experimental groups were the subject of independent variables (aerobic or Pilates exercise protocols) for eight weeks. Learning disorder was confirmed through interviews with the children and parents, background reviewing, and the administration of theWechsler test. The primary objective was the comparison of Pilates and aerobic exercises in the mean score of overall intelligence at the end of the study. Results: The results showed that the mean score of overall intelligence was better in the Pilates group (n = 15, mean = 104) than in the aerobic group (n = 15, mean = 100). However, the results showed that eight weeks of aerobic and Pilates exercises improved the performance of the subtests of Wechsler ACID profile in the intervention groups compared to the control group, but no significant difference was found between the two intervention groups (P = 0.61). Conclusions: It seems that eight weeks of aerobic and Pilates exercises can have positive effects on the performance of the subtests of Wechsler ACID profile in children with learning disabilities as a non-invasive method.
背景:本研究的主要目的是确定普拉提运动对学习障碍女小学生韦氏酸谱亚测试的影响是否与有氧运动一样好。韦氏儿童智力量表由韦氏于1949年开发，用于测量儿童的智力。该量表的特点之一是，与类似的个人量表不同，它不是根据年龄水平设计的，而且每个测试的项目都是按照难度顺序排列的。每个子测试测量不同的能力，其总和表明整体智力。方法:统计人群为萨拉延市2013 - 2014学年所有有学习障碍的女学生，其中45人作为本研究的样本。受试者随机分为两个实验组(有氧和普拉提)和一个对照组(每组15人)。实验组是独立变量(有氧或普拉提运动方案)的对象，为期八周。学习障碍是通过与孩子和家长的访谈、背景审查和韦氏测试的管理来确认的。主要目的是比较普拉提和有氧运动在研究结束时的整体智力平均得分。结果:普拉提组(n = 15, mean = 104)的综合智力平均分优于有氧组(n = 15, mean = 100)。然而，结果显示，与对照组相比，8周的有氧运动和普拉提运动改善了干预组的韦氏酸谱亚测试的表现，但两组之间没有显著差异(P = 0.61)。结论:似乎8周的有氧和普拉提运动可以作为一种非侵入性方法对学习障碍儿童的韦氏酸谱亚测试的表现产生积极影响。
{"title":"Aerobics or Pilates: Which is More Effective in the Performance of Wechsler Acid Profile Among Children with Learning Disabilities? A Randomized Comparison Trial","authors":"Ali Seghatoleslamy, M. Masoudi, M. Saghebjoo, M. Taheri","doi":"10.5812/INTJSH.90020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5812/INTJSH.90020","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The main purpose of this study was to determine whether Pilates exercise is as good as aerobic exercise on the performance of subtests of Wechsler ACID profile in female primary school students with learning disabilities. TheWechsler intelligence scale for children developed byWechsler in 1949 was used to measure children’s intelligence. One of the features of this scale is that, unlike similar individual scales, it is not designed based on the age level and items are arranged in order of difficulty in each test. Each subtest measures different abilities, the sum of which indicates the overall intelligence. \u0000Methods: The statistical population consisted of all female students with learning disorders in Sarayan city in the academic year 2013 - 2014, 45 of who were recruited as the sample in this study. Subjects were randomly divided into two experimental groups (aerobics and Pilates) and one control group (each containing 15 subjects). The experimental groups were the subject of independent variables (aerobic or Pilates exercise protocols) for eight weeks. Learning disorder was confirmed through interviews with the children and parents, background reviewing, and the administration of theWechsler test. The primary objective was the comparison of Pilates and aerobic exercises in the mean score of overall intelligence at the end of the study. \u0000Results: The results showed that the mean score of overall intelligence was better in the Pilates group (n = 15, mean = 104) than in the aerobic group (n = 15, mean = 100). However, the results showed that eight weeks of aerobic and Pilates exercises improved the performance of the subtests of Wechsler ACID profile in the intervention groups compared to the control group, but no significant difference was found between the two intervention groups (P = 0.61). \u0000Conclusions: It seems that eight weeks of aerobic and Pilates exercises can have positive effects on the performance of the subtests of Wechsler ACID profile in children with learning disabilities as a non-invasive method.","PeriodicalId":33610,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of School Health","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46183647","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Behzad Azarnioshan, H. Naderi, A. Shojaee, Askar Asghariganji
Background: The study of anger is important from many aspects, one of which is the anger management. Objectives: The current study aimed at examining the mediating role of resilience in the relationship between perceived parenting styles and anger management in high school students. Methods: Using randomized cluster sampling, 395 high school students (females and males) from Babolsar city, Iran enrolled in the school for the academic year of 2017 - 2018 were selected as the study participants. The participants’ ages ranged 12 to 16 years (mean = 13.93, SD = 0.81). The perceived parenting style of the participants was determined, using resilience and anger management scales. Data were analyzed by AMOS version 22. In order to evaluate the proposed model of the study, path analysis was performed. Results: The results indicated that the authoritative parenting style was a positive predictor of anger management (P = 0.006,β= 0.19) and resilience (P = 0.012,β= 0.21). The results also revealed that the authoritarian parenting style was a negative predictor of anger management (P = 0.008,β= -.25) and resilience (P = 0.005,β= - 0.31). Resilience was a positive predictor of anger management (P = 0.011,β= 0.33) and played a mediator role between authoritative and authoritarian parenting styles and anger management. The results showed that the acceptable percentage of anger management variance was explained by the model. Conclusions: Given the results, increase of authoritative parenting style and decrease of authoritarian parenting style are accompanied by strengthened anger management skill in high school students. Therefore, holding workshops for parents can help them to strengthen the management of anger in their children.
{"title":"The Mediating Role of Resilience in the Relationship Between Perceived Parenting Styles and Anger Management","authors":"Behzad Azarnioshan, H. Naderi, A. Shojaee, Askar Asghariganji","doi":"10.5812/INTJSH.95048","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5812/INTJSH.95048","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The study of anger is important from many aspects, one of which is the anger management. Objectives: The current study aimed at examining the mediating role of resilience in the relationship between perceived parenting styles and anger management in high school students. Methods: Using randomized cluster sampling, 395 high school students (females and males) from Babolsar city, Iran enrolled in the school for the academic year of 2017 - 2018 were selected as the study participants. The participants’ ages ranged 12 to 16 years (mean = 13.93, SD = 0.81). The perceived parenting style of the participants was determined, using resilience and anger management scales. Data were analyzed by AMOS version 22. In order to evaluate the proposed model of the study, path analysis was performed. Results: The results indicated that the authoritative parenting style was a positive predictor of anger management (P = 0.006,β= 0.19) and resilience (P = 0.012,β= 0.21). The results also revealed that the authoritarian parenting style was a negative predictor of anger management (P = 0.008,β= -.25) and resilience (P = 0.005,β= - 0.31). Resilience was a positive predictor of anger management (P = 0.011,β= 0.33) and played a mediator role between authoritative and authoritarian parenting styles and anger management. The results showed that the acceptable percentage of anger management variance was explained by the model. Conclusions: Given the results, increase of authoritative parenting style and decrease of authoritarian parenting style are accompanied by strengthened anger management skill in high school students. Therefore, holding workshops for parents can help them to strengthen the management of anger in their children.","PeriodicalId":33610,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of School Health","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43571729","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Rafael Zapata-Lamana, Igor Cigarroa Cuevas, Victor Fuentes, Claudio Soto Espindola, Eva Parrado Romero, C. Sepúlveda, Matías Monsalves-Álvarez
Context: High-intensity interval training (HIIT) is considered a time-efficient strategy to improve cardiometabolic health markers in children and adolescents. However, the evidence regarding the characterization of each intervention and the quantification of their health effects within the school environment is required. Objectives: To systematically review the characteristics of HIIT-based interventions during school time and quantify their effects on the health of children and adolescents. Data Sources: Recommendation of PRISMA for systematic review was applied. The protocol was registered in the PROSPERO repository 2018 CRD42018089017. A search of the literature (2008 - 2018) on the databases PubMed,Web of Science, CINHAL and PsycINFo was carried out. Study Selection: Twelve publications using HIIT on children and adolescents in a school-based environment were selected. The inclusion criteria were: (1) HIIT; (2) intervention and, (3) type of study. Data Extraction: The inclusion criteria to the titles and abstracts, or three independent researchers analyzed the articles. PRISMA’s recommendation for systematic reviews, Cochrane tool and ROBINS for randomized and non-randomized studies were used. Results: We identified 12 studies that included a total of 917 children and adolescents; 83% of the interventions were performed during physical education classes. The average duration and intensity of the interventions were 8 weeks and > 90% HR, respectively. The most important variables evaluated and impacted by HIIT were cardiovascular fitness, nutritional status, and physiological wellbeing. Conclusions: HIIT seems to be a reliable and time-efficient approach to impact especially cardiovascular fitness of children and adolescents during school time. The focus on class intensity and the number of repetitions needs further investigation to find interventions based on each school due to individual differences regarding time and implementation constraints to impact health parameters.
背景:高强度间歇训练(HIIT)被认为是改善儿童和青少年心脏代谢健康指标的一种时间效率策略。但是，需要有关于每种干预措施的特征和它们在学校环境中对健康影响的量化的证据。目的:系统地回顾学校期间基于hiit的干预措施的特点，并量化其对儿童和青少年健康的影响。数据来源:采用PRISMA的建议进行系统评价。该协议已在PROSPERO存储库2018 CRD42018089017中注册。在PubMed、Web of Science、CINHAL和PsycINFo数据库中检索2008 - 2018年的文献。研究选择:选择了12篇在学校环境中使用HIIT治疗儿童和青少年的出版物。纳入标准为:(1)HIIT;(2)干预;(3)研究类型。数据提取:纳入标准以标题和摘要，或三位独立研究者对文章进行分析。采用PRISMA推荐的系统评价、Cochrane工具和ROBINS工具进行随机和非随机研究。结果:我们确定了12项研究，共纳入917名儿童和青少年;83%的干预是在体育课上进行的。干预的平均持续时间和强度分别为8周和bbb90 % HR。HIIT评估和影响的最重要变量是心血管健康、营养状况和生理健康。结论:HIIT似乎是一种可靠和有效的方法，特别是影响儿童和青少年在学校期间的心血管健康。对课堂强度和重复次数的关注需要进一步调查，以找到基于每所学校的干预措施，因为在时间和实施限制方面存在个体差异，无法影响健康参数。
{"title":"HIITing Health in School: Can High Intensity Interval Training Be a Useful and Reliable Tool for Health on a School-Based Enviroment? A Systematic Review","authors":"Rafael Zapata-Lamana, Igor Cigarroa Cuevas, Victor Fuentes, Claudio Soto Espindola, Eva Parrado Romero, C. Sepúlveda, Matías Monsalves-Álvarez","doi":"10.5812/intjsh.89829","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5812/intjsh.89829","url":null,"abstract":"Context: High-intensity interval training (HIIT) is considered a time-efficient strategy to improve cardiometabolic health markers in children and adolescents. However, the evidence regarding the characterization of each intervention and the quantification of their health effects within the school environment is required. Objectives: To systematically review the characteristics of HIIT-based interventions during school time and quantify their effects on the health of children and adolescents. Data Sources: Recommendation of PRISMA for systematic review was applied. The protocol was registered in the PROSPERO repository 2018 CRD42018089017. A search of the literature (2008 - 2018) on the databases PubMed,Web of Science, CINHAL and PsycINFo was carried out. Study Selection: Twelve publications using HIIT on children and adolescents in a school-based environment were selected. The inclusion criteria were: (1) HIIT; (2) intervention and, (3) type of study. Data Extraction: The inclusion criteria to the titles and abstracts, or three independent researchers analyzed the articles. PRISMA’s recommendation for systematic reviews, Cochrane tool and ROBINS for randomized and non-randomized studies were used. Results: We identified 12 studies that included a total of 917 children and adolescents; 83% of the interventions were performed during physical education classes. The average duration and intensity of the interventions were 8 weeks and > 90% HR, respectively. The most important variables evaluated and impacted by HIIT were cardiovascular fitness, nutritional status, and physiological wellbeing. Conclusions: HIIT seems to be a reliable and time-efficient approach to impact especially cardiovascular fitness of children and adolescents during school time. The focus on class intensity and the number of repetitions needs further investigation to find interventions based on each school due to individual differences regarding time and implementation constraints to impact health parameters.","PeriodicalId":33610,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of School Health","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48037078","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: Social network websites are defined as web-based services that provide individuals with an opportunity to connect and communicate with other people for sharing information. The use of these networks is growing dramatically, which may have various effects on individuals’ lives. Objectives: The present study hypothesized that using social networks has a negative effect on educational performance, psychological well-being, and mental health. Methods:We selected 315 students from Shiraz, Iran, in 2017 (185 girls and 130 boys with an average age of 16.88 and 15.9 years, respectively) from six high schools at the fourth grade to evaluate the effect of social networks on educational performance, psychological well-being, and mental health. Students were selected using a convenience sampling method. The research plan was sub-projects of correlated plans and data were analyzed by stepwise regression analysis with SPSS version 21 at a significance level of < 0.05. The exclusion criteria included students’ dissatisfaction and age of under 15 and above 18. Results:We found that 90.8% of the students were using social networks. In general, virtual networks had negative (-0.25; P = 0.001) and positive (0.23; P = 0.001) correlations with educational performance and depression, respectively. Particularly, social network websites had positive relationships with anxiety and stress in male students and negative relationships with grade point average (GPA) and psychological well-being in female students. Regression analysis revealed that social networks had significant effects on depression, educational performance, psychological well-being, stress, anxiety, and GPA. Among different social networks (Telegram, WhatsApp, Instagram, and Facebook), Instagram negatively predicted educational performance, psychological well-being, and depression while WhatsApp and Telegram predicted depression and GPA, respectively. Moreover, Telegram, in particular, predicted stress and anxiety among male students. Conclusions: These findings necessitate to pay attention to this phenomenon and its consequences.
{"title":"Social Networks and Students: Educational Performance, Psychological Well-Being, and Mental Health","authors":"M. Sarafraz, Haniyeh Chavoshi, Mahyar Alinaghi","doi":"10.5812/intjsh.82609","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5812/intjsh.82609","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Social network websites are defined as web-based services that provide individuals with an opportunity to connect and communicate with other people for sharing information. The use of these networks is growing dramatically, which may have various effects on individuals’ lives. Objectives: The present study hypothesized that using social networks has a negative effect on educational performance, psychological well-being, and mental health. Methods:We selected 315 students from Shiraz, Iran, in 2017 (185 girls and 130 boys with an average age of 16.88 and 15.9 years, respectively) from six high schools at the fourth grade to evaluate the effect of social networks on educational performance, psychological well-being, and mental health. Students were selected using a convenience sampling method. The research plan was sub-projects of correlated plans and data were analyzed by stepwise regression analysis with SPSS version 21 at a significance level of < 0.05. The exclusion criteria included students’ dissatisfaction and age of under 15 and above 18. Results:We found that 90.8% of the students were using social networks. In general, virtual networks had negative (-0.25; P = 0.001) and positive (0.23; P = 0.001) correlations with educational performance and depression, respectively. Particularly, social network websites had positive relationships with anxiety and stress in male students and negative relationships with grade point average (GPA) and psychological well-being in female students. Regression analysis revealed that social networks had significant effects on depression, educational performance, psychological well-being, stress, anxiety, and GPA. Among different social networks (Telegram, WhatsApp, Instagram, and Facebook), Instagram negatively predicted educational performance, psychological well-being, and depression while WhatsApp and Telegram predicted depression and GPA, respectively. Moreover, Telegram, in particular, predicted stress and anxiety among male students. Conclusions: These findings necessitate to pay attention to this phenomenon and its consequences.","PeriodicalId":33610,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of School Health","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48742684","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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