Global Transitions最新文献

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IF 3.1 Q1 Social Sciences

Global Transitions

Pub Date : 2025-01-01

引用次数: 0

IF 3.1 Q1 Social Sciences

Global Transitions

Pub Date : 2025-01-01

引用次数: 0

IF 3.1 Q1 Social Sciences

Global Transitions

Pub Date : 2025-01-01

引用次数: 0

Association of air pollution with ischemic heart disease, stroke, diabetes, COPD, lung cancer, and all-cause mortality: Effect modification by pro-inflammatory diet 空气污染与缺血性心脏病、中风、糖尿病、慢性阻塞性肺病、肺癌和全因死亡率的关系：促炎饮食的影响

Q1 Social Sciences

Global Transitions

Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.glt.2025.05.002

Chuan-Guo Guo , Yufan Liu , Feifei Zhang

Background

The role of interactions of diet and air pollution in health outcomes remain unclear. This study investigated the combined effects of a pro-inflammatory diet and long-term air pollution exposure on the risk of five common diseases and all-cause mortality.

Methods

We included 120,000 UK Biobank participants with ≥2 Oxford WebQ 24-h dietary assessments. Cox proportional hazards models were employed to examine the associations between two exposures—Dietary Inflammatory Index (DII) scores and seven air pollutants (PM_2.5, PM₁₀, NO₂, NO_X, SO₂, CO, and benzene)—with six outcomes: ischemic heart disease (IHD), stroke, diabetes (all diabetes types encompassing insulin- and non-insulin-dependent, and others), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), lung cancer, and mortality. Non-linear exposure–response associations were modeled using shape-constrained health impact functions and penalized splines. Multiplicative interaction effects between DII and air pollutants were evaluated via likelihood-ratio tests.

Results

Our findings indicated exposure to air pollutants were associated with increased risks of diabetes, COPD, IHD, and stroke (hazard ratios 1.004–1.049). Higher DII predicted 1.034–1.086 fold greater risk of diabetes, COPD, lung cancer, and mortality. Significant multiplicative interactions (P for interaction <0.05) indicated that the effects of air pollutant on diabetes, COPD, and mortality were amplified among participants with higher DII, whereas no significant air pollutant-outcome associations were seen in those with low or intermediate DII.

Conclusions

A pro-inflammatory diet may amplify the adverse health effects of air pollution, highlighting potential for dietary interventions to complement environmental regulations.

饮食和空气污染的相互作用在健康结果中的作用尚不清楚。这项研究调查了促炎饮食和长期接触空气污染对五种常见疾病和全因死亡率风险的综合影响。方法纳入120,000名英国生物银行参与者，进行≥2次Oxford WebQ 24小时饮食评估。采用Cox比例风险模型来检查两种暴露-饮食炎症指数（DII）评分与七种空气污染物（PM2.5, PM10, NO2， NOX, SO2， CO和苯）之间的关系-与六种结局：缺血性心脏病（IHD），中风，糖尿病（所有糖尿病类型，包括胰岛素和非胰岛素依赖性以及其他），慢性阻塞性肺疾病（COPD），肺癌和死亡率。非线性暴露-反应关联使用形状约束的健康影响函数和惩罚样条进行建模。通过似然比检验评估DII与空气污染物之间的倍增相互作用效应。结果暴露于空气污染物与糖尿病、COPD、IHD和卒中风险增加相关（危险比1.004-1.049）。较高的DII预示着糖尿病、慢性阻塞性肺病、肺癌和死亡率增加1.034-1.086倍。显著的乘法相互作用（P为相互作用<；0.05）表明，空气污染物对糖尿病、慢性阻塞性肺病和死亡率的影响在较高DII的参与者中被放大，而在低或中等DII的参与者中没有发现显著的空气污染物与预后的关联。结论促炎饮食可能会放大空气污染对健康的不良影响，强调饮食干预对环境法规的补充潜力。

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引用次数: 0

Addressing scandals and greenwashing in carbon offset markets: A framework for reform 解决碳补偿市场中的丑闻和洗绿问题：改革框架

Q1 Social Sciences

Global Transitions

Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.glt.2025.06.003

Nophea Sasaki

Voluntary carbon markets (VCMs) are becoming increasingly central to corporate climate strategies and global emissions reduction efforts. However, recent carbon scandals and greenwashing controversies have exposed major integrity gaps. This review synthesizes evidence from academic research, regulatory reports, and case studies to analyze systemic weaknesses—such as fraudulent crediting, inflated baselines, lack of additionality, and unverifiable climate claims—that undermine the credibility and effectiveness of carbon offsetting. Poor governance, inadequate monitoring and verification (MRV), and limited accountability have triggered reputational and financial risks, diminishing trust in VCMs as legitimate climate finance mechanisms. To address these shortcomings, we propose a six-pillar reform framework comprising (1) transparency, (2) verification integrity, (3) accountability, (4) environmental and social safeguards, (5) smart technologies, and (6) strategic alignment with global goals. The framework is grounded in practical tools, including blockchain-enabled registries, AI-assisted MRV, rights-based standards, and legal mechanisms to improve credit quality and stakeholder confidence. We also evaluate emerging regulatory instruments—such as Article 6 of the Paris Agreement—and integrity initiatives aimed at harmonizing rules and preventing abuse. Drawing from real-world REDD + projects, we assess how digital innovations can support permanence, additionality, and leakage prevention, while also recognizing their limitations without institutional enforcement. Aligning carbon market reforms with broader sustainability and equity objectives can enhance co-benefits—such as biodiversity protection, air quality improvement, and community resilience—while supporting net-zero transitions and strengthening the legitimacy of post-2025 climate finance systems.

自愿碳市场（VCMs）在企业气候战略和全球减排努力中正变得越来越重要。然而，最近的碳丑闻和洗绿争议暴露了重大的诚信缺口。本综述综合了来自学术研究、监管报告和案例研究的证据，以分析系统性弱点——如欺诈性信用、虚高的基线、缺乏额外性和无法验证的气候主张——这些弱点削弱了碳抵消的可信度和有效性。治理不善、监测和核查（MRV）不足以及问责有限引发了声誉和财务风险，降低了人们对vcm作为合法气候融资机制的信任。为了解决这些缺陷，我们提出了一个六支柱改革框架，包括：(1)透明度，(2)核查完整性，(3)问责制，(4)环境和社会保障，(5)智能技术，以及(6)与全球目标的战略一致性。该框架以实用工具为基础，包括支持区块链的注册表、人工智能辅助的MRV、基于权利的标准以及提高信贷质量和利益相关者信心的法律机制。我们还评估了新兴的监管工具——如《巴黎协定》第6条——以及旨在协调规则和防止滥用的诚信倡议。借鉴现实世界的REDD +项目，我们评估了数字创新如何支持持久性、附加性和泄漏预防，同时也认识到它们在没有制度强制执行的情况下的局限性。将碳市场改革与更广泛的可持续性和公平性目标相结合，可以增强共同效益，如生物多样性保护、空气质量改善和社区复原力，同时支持净零排放转型，并加强2025年后气候融资体系的合法性。

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引用次数: 0

Investigating farmers’ adoption of mobile Agri-Tech: A TAM-Based study of KaseChar in Eastern Thailand 调查农民对移动农业技术的采用：基于tam的泰国东部KaseChar研究

Q1 Social Sciences

Global Transitions

Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.glt.2025.07.003

Eain Dray Aung , Nophea Sasaki , Takuji W. Tsusaka , Chaklam Silpasuwanchai

Addressing agricultural waste through digital innovation is vital for mitigating environmental harm and supporting sustainable farming. This study examines the adoption of KaseChar, a mobile application designed to reduce open-field burning and promote agriwaste management among Participatory Guarantee System (PGS) farmers in Chachoengsao Province, Eastern Thailand. Using the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM), we evaluated perceived usefulness (PU), perceived ease of use (PEOU), and behavioral intention (BI) through a structured survey of 150 farmers. Results show high ratings for PU (mean = 4.11), PEOU (mean = 4.08), and BI (mean = 4.03), with key adoption drivers including productivity, efficiency, digital proficiency, and social influence. Exploratory Factor Analysis identified efficiency, usability, and public support as core factors. Waste management cost significantly influenced PU (β = 0.126, p = 0.009), while internet usage was positively correlated with PEOU (β = 0.252, p = 0.002). Despite high smartphone access, barriers such as digital literacy, labor intensity, and infrastructure gaps—particularly among older farmers—limit adoption. The study recommends targeted training, subsidies, and digital infrastructure improvements to scale adoption. It also contributes to TAM literature by integrating contextual variables like digital readiness and financial capacity. Future research should explore long-term behavioral impacts and conduct multi-regional comparisons to enhance scalability and generalizability of findings.

通过数字创新解决农业废弃物问题对于减轻环境危害和支持可持续农业至关重要。本研究考察了KaseChar的采用情况。KaseChar是一款旨在减少泰国东部chachengsao省参与性担保制度（PGS）农民露天焚烧和促进农业废弃物管理的移动应用程序。通过对150名农民的结构化调查，我们使用技术接受模型（TAM）评估了感知有用性（PU）、感知易用性（PEOU）和行为意图（BI）。结果显示，PU（平均= 4.11）、PEOU（平均= 4.08）和BI（平均= 4.03）的评分很高，主要采用驱动因素包括生产力、效率、数字熟练程度和社会影响力。探索性因素分析确定了效率、可用性和公众支持作为核心因素。垃圾管理成本显著影响PU (β = 0.126, p = 0.009)，互联网使用与PEOU正相关（β = 0.252, p = 0.002）。尽管智能手机普及率很高，但数字素养、劳动强度和基础设施差距等障碍——尤其是在老年农民中——限制了智能手机的采用。该研究建议有针对性的培训、补贴和数字基础设施改善，以促进大规模采用。它还通过整合诸如数字化准备和财务能力等上下文变量，为TAM文献做出贡献。未来的研究应探索长期的行为影响，并进行多区域比较，以增强研究结果的可扩展性和普遍性。

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引用次数: 0

Effectiveness of admission-avoidance hospital at home as alternative to routine hospital care in older adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis 避免住院在家作为老年人常规医院护理替代的有效性：一项系统回顾和荟萃分析

Q1 Social Sciences

Global Transitions

Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.glt.2025.06.002

Mengyuan Cheng , Lulu Lin , Xiaowen Cao , Weiming Tang , Xin Xu , Xiaoxue Zhang , Yongshun Huang , Junzhang Tian , Zhongzhi Xu , Weibin Cheng

This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to assess the effectiveness of home-based programmes to prevent hospital admissions compared with traditional hospital-based care for older adults. Health outcomes analysed included readmission rates, mortality, and length of treatment. Data from 15 studies were synthesised using Review Manager (version 5.4), and heterogeneity was assessed using forest plots and I²statistics. Subgroup analyses were performed for randomised controlled trials and for specific patient groups, such as those with cardiovascular and respiratory disease. The results suggest that hospital at home programmes may reduce the risk of readmission (risk ratio = 0.76, 95 % CI 0.58 to 1.01, P = 0.05), especially for patients with respiratory diseases (risk ratio = 0.53, 95 % CI 0.39 to 0.73, P = 0.00007), with no significant differences in mortality or treatment duration between groups.

本系统综述和荟萃分析旨在评估以家庭为基础的方案与传统的以医院为基础的老年人护理相比预防住院的有效性。分析的健康结果包括再入院率、死亡率和治疗时间。使用Review Manager （version 5.4）对来自15项研究的数据进行综合，并使用森林样地和i2统计来评估异质性。对随机对照试验和特定患者组（如心血管和呼吸系统疾病患者）进行亚组分析。结果表明，居家医院方案可降低再入院风险（风险比= 0.76,95% CI 0.58 ~ 1.01, P = 0.05），特别是呼吸道疾病患者（风险比= 0.53,95% CI 0.39 ~ 0.73, P = 0.00007），两组之间的死亡率或治疗时间无显著差异。

引用次数: 0

IF 3.1 Q1 Social Sciences

Global Transitions

Pub Date : 2025-01-01

引用次数: 0

IF 3.1 Q1 Social Sciences

Global Transitions

Pub Date : 2025-01-01

引用次数: 0

IF 3.1 Q1 Social Sciences

Global Transitions

Pub Date : 2025-01-01

引用次数: 0

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