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Understanding social innovation in local energy transitions processes: A multi-case study 理解地方能源转型过程中的社会创新:一个多案例研究
Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.glt.2020.12.001
Sujeetha Selvakkumaran , Erik O. Ahlgren

Social innovation (SI) in local energy transitions is gaining focus in current times but energy transitions have not yet been explicitly analysed in the context of SI. Our objective is to characterize SI in co-created local energy transitions processes through the study of three distinct cases based on energy transitions in localities in Sweden (Skåne and Dalsland) and Denmark (Hjørring). In these localities, municipality actors (MA) are engaged in increasing the adoption of solar PV systems, uptake of EV and biogas cars, and phasing out oil-burners, respectively. We analyse the three cases by following the work of the MAs and through the frame of Transformative Social Innovation (TSI), which consists of four shades; social innovation, system innovation, game-changers, and narratives of change. Subsequently, we use causal loop diagrams to characterize the SI in the oil-burner phase-out case. We see shades of SI and system innovation but there are no ‘game changers’ or ‘narratives of change’ yet in any of the cases.

社会创新(SI)在局部能源转型中越来越受到关注,但能源转型尚未在社会创新的背景下得到明确的分析。我们的目标是通过对瑞典(sk ne和达尔斯兰)和丹麦(Hjørring)地区能量转换的三个不同案例的研究,来表征共同创造的局部能量转换过程中的SI。在这些地方,市政行为者(MA)分别致力于增加太阳能光伏系统的采用,电动汽车和沼气汽车的采用,以及逐步淘汰燃油燃烧器。我们通过遵循MAs的工作并通过变革性社会创新(TSI)的框架来分析这三个案例,该框架由四个色调组成;社会创新、制度创新、游戏规则改变者和变革叙事。随后,我们使用因果循环图来表征燃油燃烧器逐步淘汰情况下的SI。我们看到了SI和系统创新的影子,但在任何情况下都没有“游戏规则改变者”或“变革叙事”。
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引用次数: 10
Relationship between methane emissions and economic growth in Central Africa countries: Evidence from panel data 中非国家甲烷排放与经济增长的关系:来自面板数据的证据
Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.glt.2022.02.001
Any Flore Djoumessi Djoukouo

Methane (CH4) is a greenhouse gas with a warming potential 28 times that of dioxide of carbon (CO2) and Africa alone contributes more than 1/3 of global methane emissions. Considering the fact that Africa has the second largest hydro-forest basin in the world after the Amazon and is highly dependent on agriculture, this study examines the effects of economic growth on environmental quality in an Environmental Kuznets curve (EKC) framework. It empirically tests the relationship between CH4 emissions and GDP per capita (GDPC) for six countries of Central African Economic and Monetary Community (CEMAC) over the period 1980 to 2018. Using the Driscoll-Kraay standard errors technique as well as panel Granger non-causality test, the results point out cointegration between CH4 emissions and GDPC, show that there is bidirectional causality between the two variables and support evidence of EKC hypothesis. Policymakers should strengthen sustainable strategies for growth and environment.

甲烷(CH4)是一种温室气体,其变暖潜能值是二氧化碳(CO2)的28倍,仅非洲就占全球甲烷排放量的三分之一以上。考虑到非洲拥有仅次于亚马逊河的世界第二大水林盆地,并且高度依赖农业,本研究在环境库兹涅茨曲线(EKC)框架中考察了经济增长对环境质量的影响。本文实证检验了中非经济与货币共同体(CEMAC)六个国家1980年至2018年期间CH4排放与人均GDP (GDPC)之间的关系。采用Driscoll-Kraay标准误差技术和面板格兰杰非因果检验,结果表明CH4排放量与gdp之间存在协整关系,表明两者之间存在双向因果关系,支持EKC假设的证据。政策制定者应加强可持续增长和环境战略。
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引用次数: 8
Extra long Argentinian lockdown: Revising the energy regime 阿根廷超长封锁:修订能源制度
Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.glt.2020.12.002
A. Ise , S. Villalba , L. Clementi , S. Carrizo

With the first confirmed cases of COVID-19 in March 2020, a long and strict lockdown was implemented in Argentina, as a means of avoiding health services collapse. Measures were taken early in order to strengthen the health system before the potential spread of the virus. Mandatory isolation measures impacted on the energy system: they modified energy demand and production patterns, and caused reasons for uncertainty among investors and project stakeholders. Nevertheless, profound changes caused by the pandemic, pave the way for the adoption of sustainable solutions with the potential to improve people’s quality of life. This paper aims to explore the effects of the COVID-19 lockdown on the Argentinian energy sector and on the course of the transition. By means of secondary sources, such as public reports and national statistics, and semi-structured interviews, changes in the energy sector are analysed as well as local-scale alternatives for the post-pandemic. Community-led energy initiatives and the possibility of implementing sustainable practices, could contribute to reducing uncertainty and valorizing local resources and capabilities.

随着2020年3月第一例COVID-19确诊病例的出现,阿根廷实施了长期严格的封锁,以避免卫生服务崩溃。为了在病毒可能传播之前加强卫生系统,及早采取了措施。强制性隔离措施对能源系统产生了影响:它们改变了能源需求和生产模式,并在投资者和项目利益攸关方之间造成了不确定性。然而,这一大流行病造成的深刻变化为采取可持续的解决办法铺平了道路,有可能改善人民的生活质量。本文旨在探讨COVID-19封锁对阿根廷能源部门和转型过程的影响。通过诸如公开报告和国家统计数据以及半结构化访谈等二手资料来源,分析了能源部门的变化以及大流行后的地方范围替代方案。社区主导的能源倡议和实施可持续实践的可能性,可以有助于减少不确定性,并使当地资源和能力增值。
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引用次数: 3
Challenges and opportunities of remotely working from home during Covid-19 pandemic 2019冠状病毒病大流行期间在家远程工作的挑战和机遇
Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.glt.2021.11.001
Amin Al-Habaibeh, Matthew Watkins, Kafel Waried, Maryam Bathaei Javareshk

The demand of online remote working from home significantly increased in 2020/21 due to the Covid-19 pandemic. This unforeseen situation has forced individuals and organisations to rapidly train employees and adopt the use of on-line working styles, seeking to maintain the same level of productivity as working from the office. The paper outlines a survey conducted amongst people working from home to identify the challenges and opportunities this change in workstyle offers. At the beginning of the pandemic, many employees faced difficulties adapting to using online tools and combining their working hours with daily routines and family commitments. However, the results show that within a short period of time the respondents had managed to develop the necessary experience and knowledge for digital working utilising tools such as collaboration platforms and video conferencing. A large proportion of respondents recognised the advantage of eliminating travelling time when working remotely from home which also has a positive impact on the environment and CO2 emissions. However, some drawbacks have been identified such as the lack of face-to-face discussion and informal meetings during working days. The Self-Determination Theory is discussed within the context of this paper and it has been found that the theory could provide an explanation of the efficient and rapid adaptation of the technology be employees.

受新冠肺炎疫情影响,2020/21年度在线远程办公需求大幅增加。这种不可预见的情况迫使个人和组织迅速培训员工,采用在线工作方式,寻求保持与在办公室工作相同的生产力水平。这篇论文概述了一项针对在家工作的人进行的调查,以确定这种工作方式的变化带来的挑战和机遇。在大流行开始时,许多员工在适应使用在线工具以及将工作时间与日常生活和家庭承诺结合起来方面遇到困难。然而,调查结果显示,在很短的时间内,受访者利用协作平台和视频会议等工具,成功地掌握了数字化工作所需的经验和知识。很大一部分受访者认识到,在家远程工作可以减少通勤时间,这对环境和二氧化碳排放也有积极影响。但是,也发现了一些缺点,例如在工作日内缺乏面对面的讨论和非正式会议。在本文的背景下讨论了自我决定理论,发现该理论可以解释员工对技术的高效和快速适应。
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引用次数: 43
The COVID-19 lockdowns brought to light the challenges that women face in Mediterranean universities COVID-19封锁暴露了女性在地中海大学面临的挑战
Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.glt.2022.01.001
Anastasia Zabaniotou

COVID-19 has caused considerable upheaval, necessitating a rethinking of higher education. Distance education has emerged as a major parallel issue that is changing the educational landscape. The lockdowns brought to light the challenges that women confront in academia. This study examines the impact of distance education on women's research activity at Mediterranean institutions, focusing on the additional constraints women faced as a result of e-learning. During the first lockdown (March to May 2020) there was a growing volume of media coverage, but fewer articles investigated how the pandemic's lockdown had affected women and men which increased fast in 2021. According to the findings, while the Mediterranean countries utilized different approaches to combat the epidemic, the impacts are surprisingly similar and must be recognized to avoid long-term consequences for women in higher education, science, and research. Lockdowns put added family responsibilities on female researchers, who were faced with more childcare and homework, resulting in less time to be part of a cohort creating new knowledge. Traditional cultural gender preconceptions were also uncovered, indicating the need for structural changes and repositioning. To meet UN SDG 4: “Ensure inclusive and equitable quality education,” we must emerge from this pandemic more equal and robust to establish viable and inclusive universities that should implement policies and interventions to capitalize on female contributions to science, research, and innovation.

2019冠状病毒病造成了相当大的动荡,有必要重新思考高等教育。远程教育已经成为一个重要的平行问题,正在改变教育格局。封锁暴露了女性在学术界面临的挑战。本研究考察了远程教育对地中海各机构妇女研究活动的影响,重点是妇女因电子学习而面临的额外限制。在第一次封锁期间(2020年3月至5月),媒体报道的数量越来越多,但调查大流行封锁如何影响女性和男性的文章却越来越少,这在2021年迅速增加。根据调查结果,虽然地中海国家采用了不同的方法来防治这一流行病,但其影响惊人地相似,必须认识到这一点,以避免在高等教育、科学和研究领域对妇女造成长期后果。封锁增加了女性研究人员的家庭责任,她们面临着更多的儿童保育和家庭作业,导致她们参与创造新知识的群体的时间更少。传统文化上对性别的先入之见也被发现,表明需要进行结构改革和重新定位。为了实现联合国可持续发展目标4:“确保包容和公平的优质教育”,我们必须在这场大流行之后更加平等和强大,建立可行和包容的大学,实施政策和干预措施,利用女性对科学、研究和创新的贡献。
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引用次数: 4
Role of product standards in the acceleration of the Indian energy transition: The case of the Indian off-grid solar sector 产品标准在加速印度能源转型中的作用:以印度离网太阳能行业为例
Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.glt.2021.08.001
Matthias Galan

This article considers the role of product standards in the acceleration of the Indian energy transition. It argues that standard-setting plays a crucial role in shaping interactions between national regulators and stakeholders of the off-grid solar sector. Thirty-three expert interviews were scrutinised in a narrative analysis. Product standards are assessed in the context of an emerging Indian off-grid solar sector. The study found that there are two different frameworks for product standards, that standard adherence played a significant role in accessing government programmes, and that the establishment of product standards in the off-grid solar sector was driven by international stakeholders. By applying a narrative analysis, two central narratives on the governance of the Indian off-grid solar sector have been found. The paper concludes that diverging product standards frameworks due to increasing politicisation of energy access governance impact the acceleration of the Indian energy transition.

本文考虑了产品标准在加速印度能源转型中的作用。报告认为,标准制定在塑造国家监管机构与离网太阳能行业利益相关者之间的互动方面起着至关重要的作用。在叙述分析中仔细审查了33个专家访谈。产品标准在新兴的印度离网太阳能行业的背景下进行评估。该研究发现,产品标准有两种不同的框架,遵守标准在获得政府项目方面发挥了重要作用,离网太阳能行业产品标准的建立是由国际利益相关者推动的。通过运用叙事分析,发现了印度离网太阳能部门治理的两种核心叙事。该论文的结论是,由于能源获取治理日益政治化,不同的产品标准框架影响了印度能源转型的加速。
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引用次数: 2
The prospects for ‘green steel’ making in a net-zero economy: A UK perspective 净零经济中“绿色钢铁”制造的前景:英国视角
Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.glt.2021.03.001
Paul W. Griffin , Geoffrey P. Hammond

Steel products are widely used in the construction industry and for the development of infrastructure projects, because they are versatile, durable, and affordable. Energy demand and ‘greenhouse gas’ (GHG) emissions associated with the United Kingdom (UK) Iron & Steel sector principally result from the large consumption of coal/coke used in conjunction with the blast furnace. Like other sectors of industry, efforts are being made to ensure that processing becomes ever more environmentally benign, or ‘green’. Thus, the notion of ‘green steel’ has entered into the industrial vocabulary over the last decade or so. It is a steel-making process designed principally to lower GHG emissions, as well as potentially cutting costs and improving the quality of steel, in comparison to conventional methods. The aim of this study was therefore to (i) elicit the various ways in which the term ‘green steel’ has recently been used in the literature; and (ii) compare and contrast different options for making UK steel production more environmentally benign, particularly in regard to its decarbonisation. Some key ‘deep decarbonisation’, or ‘disruptive’, options for producing green steel in the UK are evaluated drawing on the experience from other nation-states and regions. These include the prospects for carbon capture and storage (CCS), the use of bioenergy resources, hydrogen-based production, electrification, and the least desirable option of deindustrialisation (i.e., reducing or out-sourcing of UK steel production ‘offshore’). ‘Circular economy’ interventions or resource efficiency improvements (‘reduce, reuse, recycle’) are also discussed. The potential reductions in GHG emissions from the UK Iron & Steel sector overall out to 2050 are then illustrated by comparison with previous technology roadmaps or transition pathways. The lessons learned are applicable across much of the industrialised world.

钢铁产品广泛用于建筑行业和基础设施项目的开发,因为它们用途广泛,耐用,价格合理。能源需求和与英国(UK)钢铁相关的温室气体(GHG)排放钢铁行业主要是由于大量消耗的煤/焦炭与高炉一起使用。与其他工业部门一样,正在努力确保加工变得更加环保,或“绿色”。因此,“绿色钢铁”的概念在过去十年左右的时间里进入了工业词汇。这是一种炼钢工艺,主要是为了降低温室气体排放,与传统方法相比,还可能降低成本,提高钢材质量。因此,本研究的目的是(i)引出最近在文献中使用“绿色钢铁”一词的各种方式;(ii)比较和对比使英国钢铁生产更加环保的不同选择,特别是在脱碳方面。根据其他民族国家和地区的经验,对英国生产绿色钢铁的一些关键“深度脱碳”或“破坏性”选择进行了评估。其中包括碳捕获和储存(CCS)的前景、生物能源的使用、氢基生产、电气化,以及最不理想的去工业化选择(即减少或外包英国的钢铁生产“离岸”)。“循环经济”干预或资源效率的提高(“减少、再利用、再循环”)也被讨论。英国钢铁公司(UK Iron &;然后通过与以前的技术路线图或过渡路径进行比较,说明到2050年钢铁行业的总体情况。这些经验教训适用于大部分工业化国家。
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引用次数: 19
Policy review for biomass value chains in the European bioeconomy 欧洲生物经济中生物质价值链的政策回顾
Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.glt.2020.11.003
Asha Singh, Thomas Christensen, Calliope Panoutsou

The main aim of this paper is to review existing European policies relevant to the biomass value chains and examine how their main objectives support or align with the five core objectives (pillars) identified under the 2018 Bioeconomy Strategy. The paper also discusses key challenges that restrict the compliance of the policies to the Strategy, identifies policy gaps and provides recommendations for future policy formation.

A structured review was conducted of over ninety policies relevant to the biomass, bioprocessing and biobased products. The value chain approach was used as a tool to harmonise these sectors under a common bioeconomy framework and provides an understanding of how key activities and challenges are being addressed. Several gaps were identified in relation to these challenges in each stage, at land use stage a lack of European-wide harmonised characterisation of marginal land and integration among sectoral policies targeting soil quality and financial measures incentivising the uptake of sustainable soil improvers. At the biomass production stage, inadequate policy support was found for waste mobilisation and valorisation. Furthermore, there is a lack of policy provisions and financial support improving collaborations among value chain actors to overcome the complexity associated with harmonising biomass logistics and conversion processes. Finally, regarding the end use stage, policy interventions targeting the distribution and standardisation of the wide, available range of biobased products and services remain limited. Based on this gap analysis, a set of recommendations was produced outlining ways in which policy measures can be updated through introducing either financial, regulatory or information provisions, or formulating novel policies altogether. These recommendations were made following the value chain analysis approach, which addresses specific challenges in relation to the five core objectives of the Bioeconomy Strategy, with the aim of further increasing the level of coherence among sectoral policies.

本文的主要目的是回顾与生物质价值链相关的现有欧洲政策,并研究其主要目标如何支持或与2018年生物经济战略确定的五个核心目标(支柱)保持一致。本文还讨论了限制政策遵守《战略》的主要挑战,确定了政策差距,并为未来的政策形成提供了建议。对与生物质、生物加工和生物基产品有关的90多项政策进行了有组织的审查。价值链方法被用作在共同的生物经济框架下协调这些部门的工具,并提供了如何解决关键活动和挑战的理解。在每个阶段,与这些挑战相关的一些差距被确定,在土地利用阶段,缺乏欧洲范围内对边际土地的统一特征,以及针对土壤质量的部门政策之间的整合,以及鼓励采用可持续土壤改良剂的财政措施。在生物质生产阶段,发现对废物动员和增值的政策支持不足。此外,缺乏政策规定和财政支持,以改善价值链参与者之间的合作,以克服与协调生物质物流和转化过程相关的复杂性。最后,关于最终使用阶段,针对广泛可用的生物基产品和服务的分配和标准化的政策干预仍然有限。根据这一差距分析,提出了一套建议,概述了通过引入金融、监管或信息规定或完全制定新政策来更新政策措施的方法。这些建议是根据价值链分析方法提出的,该方法解决了与生物经济战略的五个核心目标相关的具体挑战,旨在进一步提高部门政策之间的一致性。
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引用次数: 30
Transportation in the Mediterranean during the COVID-19 pandemic era 2019冠状病毒病大流行时期地中海的交通运输
Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.glt.2020.12.003
Dimitra Tarasi, Tryfon Daras, Stavroula Tournaki, Theocharis Tsoutsos

The recent pandemic has considerably changed urban transportation while highlighting the weaknesses of the current transport modes. The crisis provided a unique opportunity to redesign the urban mobility plans in a more sustainable and resilient way. This study captured the impact of the COVID-19 outbreak and the subsequent restrictive measures on citizens’ commuting habits and travel mode choice in two Cretan cities with academic communities and intense seasonality of tourism, in two phases (four periods) before, during, and after the quarantine. The sample consisted of 308 (1st phase) and 193 (2nd phase) citizens, 60% and 30% permanent residents of Chania and Rethymno, respectively.

During the weeks before the pandemic, 4/10 participants opted for travelling by car daily, either as a driver or as a passenger; almost the same ratio chose walking; 1/10 used public transport (bus). During the first week of the quarantine, one-quarter had decreased car usage and opted for sustainable transport modes (walking, cycling, public transport). The population who chose walking 1–2 times weekly almost doubled.

Nevertheless, most factors were found to affect men and women differently; personal safety and road safety are significantly more important for women; ecological footprint is a less essential parameter for men’s travel mode choice.

Private vehicle use still holds a considerable role in urban transportation, and noteworthy is due to the sharp decline in public transit in January–February and April and the meager percentage of public transport ridership (1%).

The analysis and modelling could be useful in the future design of more sustainable and resilient mobility strategies.

最近的大流行病大大改变了城市交通,同时也突出了当前交通方式的弱点。这场危机为以更可持续和更有弹性的方式重新设计城市交通计划提供了一个独特的机会。本研究在隔离前、隔离期间和隔离后的两个阶段(四个时期)捕捉了COVID-19疫情和随后的限制措施对两个具有学术社区和旅游季节性强烈的克里特岛城市公民通勤习惯和出行方式选择的影响。样本包括308名(第一阶段)和193名(第二阶段)公民,分别为60%和30%的永久居民。在大流行之前的几周内,4/10的参与者选择每天开车旅行,要么是开车,要么是坐车;选择步行的比例几乎相同;1/10使用公共交通工具(公交车)。在隔离的第一周,四分之一的人减少了汽车使用量,选择了可持续的交通方式(步行、骑自行车、公共交通)。每周步行1-2次的人几乎翻了一番。然而,大多数因素对男性和女性的影响是不同的;人身安全和道路安全对妇女更为重要;生态足迹是男性出行方式选择的次要参数。私家车使用在城市交通中仍然占有相当大的地位,值得注意的是,1 - 2月和4月公共交通急剧下降,公共交通乘客所占的比例很低(1%)。分析和建模可能有助于未来设计更具可持续性和弹性的交通策略。
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引用次数: 35
Competitive priorities to address optimisation in biomass value chains: The case of biomass CHP 解决生物质价值链优化的竞争优先权:生物质热电联产案例
Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2020-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.glt.2020.04.001
Calliope Panoutsou, Asha Singh, Thomas Christensen, Luc Pelkmans

Policy and industry decision makers place high priority on the contribution of biomass to the emerging low carbon, circular economy. Optimisation of performance, from the perspectives of environmental, social and economic sustainability and resource efficiency, is essential to successful development and operation of biomass value chains. The complexity of value chains, which comprise interrelated stages from land use to conversion and multiple end products, presents challenges.

To date, decision makers have approached from the viewpoints of single market sectors or issues, such as market shares of bioeconomy and reduction of carbon emissions to mitigate climate change. This approach does not achieve a full understanding of value chains and their competitive priorities, limits consumer awareness, and poses risks of sub-optimal performance and under-development of potential local capacity.

This paper presents a conceptual framework that combines value chain analysis and competitive priority theory with indicators suitable to measure, monitor and interpret sustainability and resource efficiency at value chain level. The case of biomass Combined Heat and Power (CHP) is used to illustrate how optimisation strategies can be focused to address challenges in value chain stages which will lead to better performance and uptake of sustainably sourced, widely accepted biomass options.

政策和行业决策者高度重视生物质对新兴低碳循环经济的贡献。从环境、社会和经济可持续性以及资源效率的角度来看,绩效优化对于成功开发和运营生物质价值链至关重要。价值链的复杂性,包括从土地利用到转换和多种最终产品的相互关联的阶段,提出了挑战。迄今为止,决策者从单一市场部门或问题的角度进行处理,例如生物经济的市场份额和减少碳排放以减缓气候变化。这种方法不能充分理解价值链及其竞争重点,限制了消费者的意识,并带来了性能不佳和潜在本地能力开发不足的风险。本文提出了一个概念框架,将价值链分析和竞争优先理论与适合在价值链层面测量、监测和解释可持续性和资源效率的指标相结合。生物质热电联产(CHP)的案例用于说明如何将优化策略集中于解决价值链阶段的挑战,这将导致更好的性能和可持续来源的吸收,广泛接受的生物质选择。
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引用次数: 13
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Global Transitions
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