Pub Date : 2025-01-01Epub Date: 2025-05-12DOI: 10.1016/j.glt.2025.04.007
Kiran Puttegowda , Veeraprathap V , H.S. Ranjan Kumar , K.V. Sudheesh , K. Prabhavathi , Ravi Vinayakumar , Kayalvily Tabianan
Breast cancer has now become the leading cancer type in Indian urban regions surpassing cervical cancer. The imperfect nature of current diagnostic techniques calls for more dependable assessment methods because new automated diagnostic systems do not totally eliminate imperfections. The research of Indian breast cancer datasets remains lower than international platforms owing to distinctive features of breast density, texture, lesion size and composition between these populations. The research develops automated breast cancer detection algorithms for Indian breast types that incorporate metadata to enhance system accuracy in medical diagnosis. We created machine learning algorithms for mammography imaging as part of a development process optimized for Indian breast cancer features. Our top-performing individual model achieved an AUC of 0.95 per image. When integrating four models, the AUC increased to 0.98, with independent test set results from the INbreast database showing 86.7 % sensitivity and 96.1 % specificity. These findings highlight deep learning's potential to enhance mammographic assessment by improving diagnostic accuracy, reducing false errors, and optimizing clinical practice in breast cancer detection.
{"title":"Enhanced machine learning models for accurate breast cancer mammogram classification","authors":"Kiran Puttegowda , Veeraprathap V , H.S. Ranjan Kumar , K.V. Sudheesh , K. Prabhavathi , Ravi Vinayakumar , Kayalvily Tabianan","doi":"10.1016/j.glt.2025.04.007","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.glt.2025.04.007","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Breast cancer has now become the leading cancer type in Indian urban regions surpassing cervical cancer. The imperfect nature of current diagnostic techniques calls for more dependable assessment methods because new automated diagnostic systems do not totally eliminate imperfections. The research of Indian breast cancer datasets remains lower than international platforms owing to distinctive features of breast density, texture, lesion size and composition between these populations. The research develops automated breast cancer detection algorithms for Indian breast types that incorporate metadata to enhance system accuracy in medical diagnosis. We created machine learning algorithms for mammography imaging as part of a development process optimized for Indian breast cancer features. Our top-performing individual model achieved an AUC of 0.95 per image. When integrating four models, the AUC increased to 0.98, with independent test set results from the INbreast database showing 86.7 % sensitivity and 96.1 % specificity. These findings highlight deep learning's potential to enhance mammographic assessment by improving diagnostic accuracy, reducing false errors, and optimizing clinical practice in breast cancer detection.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":33615,"journal":{"name":"Global Transitions","volume":"7 ","pages":"Pages 276-295"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144178009","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The double burden of malnutrition (DBM) in sub-Saharan Africa is a pressing public health issue, particularly among children under five years old. DBM encompasses both undernutrition (stunting) and overnutrition (overweight) within the same population, often shaped by socio-economic disparities. Addressing DBM in early childhood is vital, as malnutrition can lead to long-term health, cognitive, and developmental challenges.
Methods
Using nationally representative data from the Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS) across 20 sub-Saharan African countries, this study examines temporal socio-economic inequalities in DBM. Countries include Zimbabwe, Kenya, Nigeria, and Mozambique, among others. DBM was defined using anthropometric measures, while socio-economic status (SES) was categorized as poor, middle, or rich. Temporal trends were analyzed, and inequalities were quantified using Erreygers Normalized Concentration Indices (ENCI) and Theil indices to explore within- and between-group disparities by SES and urban/rural residence.
Results
DBM prevalence across countries ranged from 0.2 % to 4.6 %. Declines were noted in Zimbabwe and Kenya. Socio-economic inequalities were significant, with overnutrition increasingly concentrated in wealthier households, while undernutrition remained prevalent among poorer populations. Theil index analyses revealed within-group disparities as the primary drivers of overall inequality, particularly in urban wealthier populations, though rural and low-SES groups also contributed significantly in countries like Senegal and Mali.
Conclusion
DBM is still present in sub-Saharan Africa and is driven by socio-economic inequalities. Targeted interventions focusing on improving access to nutritious food, healthcare, and education for vulnerable populations, particularly in rural and low-SES groups, are essential to reduce malnutrition disparities.
{"title":"Temporal socio-economic inequalities in the double burden of malnutrition (DBM) among under-five Children: An analysis of within- and between-group disparities in 20 sub-Saharan African countries (2004–2024)","authors":"Akim Tafadzwa Lukwa , Denis Okova , Paidamoyo Bodzo , Sikelela Charles Maseko , Melisa Bhebe , Folahanmi Tomiwa Akinsolu , Abodunrin Olunike , Emmanuella Nzeribe , Aggrey Siya , Admire Nyabunze , Charles Hongoro , Plaxcedes Chiwire","doi":"10.1016/j.glt.2025.04.008","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.glt.2025.04.008","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>The double burden of malnutrition (DBM) in sub-Saharan Africa is a pressing public health issue, particularly among children under five years old. DBM encompasses both undernutrition (stunting) and overnutrition (overweight) within the same population, often shaped by socio-economic disparities. Addressing DBM in early childhood is vital, as malnutrition can lead to long-term health, cognitive, and developmental challenges.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Using nationally representative data from the Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS) across 20 sub-Saharan African countries, this study examines temporal socio-economic inequalities in DBM. Countries include Zimbabwe, Kenya, Nigeria, and Mozambique, among others. DBM was defined using anthropometric measures, while socio-economic status (SES) was categorized as poor, middle, or rich. Temporal trends were analyzed, and inequalities were quantified using Erreygers Normalized Concentration Indices (ENCI) and Theil indices to explore within- and between-group disparities by SES and urban/rural residence.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>DBM prevalence across countries ranged from 0.2 % to 4.6 %. Declines were noted in Zimbabwe and Kenya. Socio-economic inequalities were significant, with overnutrition increasingly concentrated in wealthier households, while undernutrition remained prevalent among poorer populations. Theil index analyses revealed within-group disparities as the primary drivers of overall inequality, particularly in urban wealthier populations, though rural and low-SES groups also contributed significantly in countries like Senegal and Mali.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>DBM is still present in sub-Saharan Africa and is driven by socio-economic inequalities. Targeted interventions focusing on improving access to nutritious food, healthcare, and education for vulnerable populations, particularly in rural and low-SES groups, are essential to reduce malnutrition disparities.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":33615,"journal":{"name":"Global Transitions","volume":"7 ","pages":"Pages 262-275"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144169789","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-01Epub Date: 2025-07-14DOI: 10.1016/j.glt.2025.07.004
Xichen Wang , Sheldon X. Zhang , Annah K. Bender , Erica L. Koegler , Edna G. Rich , Rumi Kato Price
Background
Researchers have been extensively studying the detrimental effects wrought by the COVID-19 pandemic on many aspects of human life. However, there is little empirical research from the Global South on COVID-19 and its impact on intimate partner violence (IPV).
Objective
This study sought to explore whether the pandemic-induced effects, such as financial stress, physical health issues, and psychological distress, also increased IPV victimization.
Methods
A structured survey was administered to 665 residents who self-identified as having experienced increased risks of human trafficking in low-income communities in Cape Town, South Africa, during January–October 2021, at the height of COVID-19. IPV measures were applied to those (N = 418) who reported having had an intimate partner in the past 12 months.
Results
Most respondents were born in South Africa. Half of them reported having experienced IPV in the past year. The ordinal regression full model showed that housing insecurity (AOR = 1.67; CI, 1.03–2.70) and mental health concerns (AOR = 1.57; CI, 1.13–2.19) were significant predictors of IPV (p < .05), controlling for other sociodemographic measures. Race (Black, AOR = 0.20; CI, 0.09–0.43), gender (female, AOR = 1.80; CI, 1.17–2.76), and arranged marriage (AOR = 1.97; CI, 1.17–3.32) were also significantly associated with IPV victimization.
Conclusion
Housing insecurity and mental health were the most important COVID-induced stressors in elevating IPV victimization during the pandemic. Furthermore, other structural factors, such as race, gender, and arranged marriage, were also strong predictors of IPV victimization in an already vulnerable South African urban community.
{"title":"How the COVID-19 pandemic worsened intimate partner Violence: Findings from a South Africa high-risk community study","authors":"Xichen Wang , Sheldon X. Zhang , Annah K. Bender , Erica L. Koegler , Edna G. Rich , Rumi Kato Price","doi":"10.1016/j.glt.2025.07.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.glt.2025.07.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Researchers have been extensively studying the detrimental effects wrought by the COVID-19 pandemic on many aspects of human life. However, there is little empirical research from the Global South on COVID-19 and its impact on intimate partner violence (IPV).</div></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><div>This study sought to explore whether the pandemic-induced effects, such as financial stress, physical health issues, and psychological distress, also increased IPV victimization.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A structured survey was administered to 665 residents who self-identified as having experienced increased risks of human trafficking in low-income communities in Cape Town, South Africa, during January–October 2021, at the height of COVID-19. IPV measures were applied to those (N = 418) who reported having had an intimate partner in the past 12 months.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Most respondents were born in South Africa. Half of them reported having experienced IPV in the past year. The ordinal regression full model showed that housing insecurity (AOR = 1.67; CI, 1.03–2.70) and mental health concerns (AOR = 1.57; CI, 1.13–2.19) were significant predictors of IPV (<em>p</em> < .05), controlling for other sociodemographic measures. Race (Black, AOR = 0.20; CI, 0.09–0.43), gender (female, AOR = 1.80; CI, 1.17–2.76), and arranged marriage (AOR = 1.97; CI, 1.17–3.32) were also significantly associated with IPV victimization.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Housing insecurity and mental health were the most important COVID-induced stressors in elevating IPV victimization during the pandemic. Furthermore, other structural factors, such as race, gender, and arranged marriage, were also strong predictors of IPV victimization in an already vulnerable South African urban community.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":33615,"journal":{"name":"Global Transitions","volume":"7 ","pages":"Pages 456-465"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144750553","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-01Epub Date: 2025-04-27DOI: 10.1016/j.glt.2025.04.006
Hari Prasad Pandey , Tek Narayan Maraseni , Armando Apan
Conservation-driven displacement remains a contentious issue, raising concerns about balancing biodiversity protection with resettlers' health and social security. This study examines the impacts of ecological resettlement (ER) on communities displaced from 11 villages in Nepal's Terai Arc Landscape (TAL), a biodiverse region with six protected areas, three Ramsar sites, and two World Heritage Sites. Grounded in social security theories, it explores five key themes: individual and community protection, social relationships, income and education, healthcare access, and subsistence-based food production. Data from 215 randomly sampled households (10 % sampling intensity), 11 focus groups, 30 key informant interviews, field observations, and policy reviews were analyzed using general linear models and descriptive statistics. Findings show significant differences (p < 0.05) in health and social security experiences, with agriculture-dependent households, elderly individuals, ethnic communities, and women disproportionately affected. The first five years post-resettlement saw severe disruptions, with gradual improvements over time, driven more by political ecology, globalization, and development trends than by resettlement agency support. However, Indigenous communities face persistent challenges, including loss of food security, weakened social ties, and barriers to indigenous healthcare. Resettlement disrupts traditional, nature-based healing practices, hindering the intergenerational transfer of knowledge. These issues are further exacerbated by global development pressures. This study calls for the mandatory establishment of essential health and social security services before resettlement, ensuring resettlers representation in decision-making. Integrating on-site livelihood strategies into social security frameworks is crucial for sustainable well-being.
{"title":"Resettlement for conservation: Assessing health and social security challenges in Nepal's biodiverse regions","authors":"Hari Prasad Pandey , Tek Narayan Maraseni , Armando Apan","doi":"10.1016/j.glt.2025.04.006","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.glt.2025.04.006","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Conservation-driven displacement remains a contentious issue, raising concerns about balancing biodiversity protection with resettlers' health and social security. This study examines the impacts of ecological resettlement (ER) on communities displaced from 11 villages in Nepal's Terai Arc Landscape (TAL), a biodiverse region with six protected areas, three Ramsar sites, and two World Heritage Sites. Grounded in social security theories, it explores five key themes: individual and community protection, social relationships, income and education, healthcare access, and subsistence-based food production. Data from 215 randomly sampled households (10 % sampling intensity), 11 focus groups, 30 key informant interviews, field observations, and policy reviews were analyzed using general linear models and descriptive statistics. Findings show significant differences (p < 0.05) in health and social security experiences, with agriculture-dependent households, elderly individuals, ethnic communities, and women disproportionately affected. The first five years post-resettlement saw severe disruptions, with gradual improvements over time, driven more by political ecology, globalization, and development trends than by resettlement agency support. However, Indigenous communities face persistent challenges, including loss of food security, weakened social ties, and barriers to indigenous healthcare. Resettlement disrupts traditional, nature-based healing practices, hindering the intergenerational transfer of knowledge. These issues are further exacerbated by global development pressures. This study calls for the mandatory establishment of essential health and social security services before resettlement, ensuring resettlers representation in decision-making. Integrating on-site livelihood strategies into social security frameworks is crucial for sustainable well-being.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":33615,"journal":{"name":"Global Transitions","volume":"7 ","pages":"Pages 247-261"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143906897","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-01Epub Date: 2025-06-30DOI: 10.1016/j.glt.2025.06.007
Priyanka Dixit , Anjali Bansal , Rahul Mishra , Eugine Paul , Shivalingappa S. Halli
The global rise in Caesarean sections (CS), including India's increase from 8.5 % in 2005-06 to 21.5 % in 2019–21, poses a significant public health challenge. This study investigates the factors driving elective CS decisions, focusing on how older women's childbirth experiences influence younger women's choices within the same household, using data from the National Family Health Survey-5. Multivariable logistic regression and propensity score matching (PSM) were applied to see the influence of older women's Elective CS decisions on their younger peers within the same household. Results show that younger women were more likely to choose elective CS if older women previously had one (29.0 % vs. 15.1 %, AOR = 1.72). Other significant predictors include mass media exposure (AOR = 1.13), private healthcare (AOR = 2.84), and older maternal age (AOR = 2.54 for ages 35–40 years). Regional differences were evident, with South India showing the highest CS rates among younger women (40.4 %), when their older household peer had undergone a CS rates. Wealth and education also played a role, with the richest women having higher odds (AOR = 2.00) and secondary education showing the greatest effect (AOR = 1.43). PSM analysis found an eight percent higher likelihood of elective CS among younger women if older women had one (ATT = 0.086; p < 0.001). In conclusion, the study shows that the childbirth experiences of older women strongly affect younger women's decisions to opt for elective CS, highlighting the important role of influence within households in shaping these choices.
{"title":"Understanding the surge in elective caesarean sections: Role of older women's childbirth choices on younger women in India","authors":"Priyanka Dixit , Anjali Bansal , Rahul Mishra , Eugine Paul , Shivalingappa S. Halli","doi":"10.1016/j.glt.2025.06.007","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.glt.2025.06.007","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The global rise in Caesarean sections (CS), including India's increase from 8.5 % in 2005-06 to 21.5 % in 2019–21, poses a significant public health challenge. This study investigates the factors driving elective CS decisions, focusing on how older women's childbirth experiences influence younger women's choices within the same household, using data from the National Family Health Survey-5. Multivariable logistic regression and propensity score matching (PSM) were applied to see the influence of older women's Elective CS decisions on their younger peers within the same household. Results show that younger women were more likely to choose elective CS if older women previously had one (29.0 % vs. 15.1 %, AOR = 1.72). Other significant predictors include mass media exposure (AOR = 1.13), private healthcare (AOR = 2.84), and older maternal age (AOR = 2.54 for ages 35–40 years). Regional differences were evident, with South India showing the highest CS rates among younger women (40.4 %), when their older household peer had undergone a CS rates. Wealth and education also played a role, with the richest women having higher odds (AOR = 2.00) and secondary education showing the greatest effect (AOR = 1.43). PSM analysis found an eight percent higher likelihood of elective CS among younger women if older women had one (ATT = 0.086; p < 0.001). In conclusion, the study shows that the childbirth experiences of older women strongly affect younger women's decisions to opt for elective CS, highlighting the important role of influence within households in shaping these choices.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":33615,"journal":{"name":"Global Transitions","volume":"7 ","pages":"Pages 411-419"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144596107","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-01Epub Date: 2024-11-29DOI: 10.1016/j.glt.2024.11.002
Aswathy Sreedevi , Ahmad Mohammad , Mini Satheesh , Anuja Ushakumari , Anil Kumar , Raveendran Geetha , Saritha Narayankutty , Neethu Valsala Mohan , Ajay Aparna , Neeraj Mohandas , Brilly Rose , Gopakumar Soumya , Sachin David , Vishnu Menon , Jaideep C Menon
Introduction
This study aimed to determine RNA positivity in nasopharyngeal samples, urine and stool, period to seropositivity, viral clearance and associated factors.
Methods
A cohort study was conducted multicentrically in Kerala, India, among 147 SARS-CoV-2 patients and 347 household contacts. Serial nasopharyngeal swabs, feces, urine, and serum samples were collected on days 1, 7, 14, and 28. Multivariable logistic regression was used to determine factors associated with RNA positivity, viral clearance and seropositivity.
Results
Among the index cases, median duration for respiratory samples to test negative was 10.5, 7 days in <18 and > 18 years respectively. The median period of RNA detection in feces was longer at 14 days (IQR 7, 28). The independent determinants of RT-PCR negativity of nasopharyngeal samples at >7 days was fever a OR 3.3 (95 % CI 1.1, 10.5). In the multivariable analysis for antibody response, those with less than or equal to 12 years of schooling had five times higher risk of being seronegative [aOR 5.2 (95 % CI 1.6, 16.7)]. Shedding of the virus in stool was more common among those aged <40 years (a OR 2.8, 95 % CI 1.2, 6.4) and among those who had fever (a OR 3.4, 95 % CI 1.1, 10.8). Among the contacts the seropositivity was determined by being illiterate 1.8 (95 % CI 1.1, 3.2), and reporting any symptom from day 1–14 aOR 3.2 (95 % CI 1.9, 5.2).
Conclusion
The shorter duration of RNA positivity in respiratory samples and viral shedding in stool has implications for managing infection control and monitoring in diverse populations.
本研究旨在测定鼻咽标本、尿液和粪便中RNA阳性、血清阳性时间、病毒清除率及相关因素。方法对印度喀拉拉邦147例SARS-CoV-2患者和347例家庭接触者进行多中心队列研究。在第1、7、14和28天收集一系列鼻咽拭子、粪便、尿液和血清样本。采用多变量logistic回归确定与RNA阳性、病毒清除率和血清阳性相关的因素。结果在指标病例中，呼吸道样本检测阴性的中位持续时间为10.5天，18岁和18岁为7天；分别是18年。粪便中RNA检测的中位时间更长，为14天（IQR 7,28）。第7天鼻咽标本RT-PCR阴性的独立决定因素是发热，OR为3.3（95 % CI为1.1,10.5）。在抗体反应的多变量分析中，受教育时间小于或等于12年的儿童血清呈阴性的风险高出5倍[aOR 5.2(95 % CI 1.6, 16.7)]。40岁（比值比为2.8,95 % CI为1.2,6.4）和发热（比值比为3.4,95 % CI为1.1,10.8）人群中粪便中病毒的脱落更为常见。在接触者中，文盲为1.8(95 % CI 1.1, 3.2)，在第1-14天报告任何症状为3.2（95 % CI 1.9, 5.2）。结论呼吸道样本RNA阳性持续时间较短，粪便病毒脱落对不同人群的感染控制和监测具有重要意义。
{"title":"SARS-CoV-2 infection dynamics in household case-contact study: Biological sample analysis from India","authors":"Aswathy Sreedevi , Ahmad Mohammad , Mini Satheesh , Anuja Ushakumari , Anil Kumar , Raveendran Geetha , Saritha Narayankutty , Neethu Valsala Mohan , Ajay Aparna , Neeraj Mohandas , Brilly Rose , Gopakumar Soumya , Sachin David , Vishnu Menon , Jaideep C Menon","doi":"10.1016/j.glt.2024.11.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.glt.2024.11.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>This study aimed to determine RNA positivity in nasopharyngeal samples, urine and stool, period to seropositivity, viral clearance and associated factors.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A cohort study was conducted multicentrically in Kerala, India, among 147 SARS-CoV-2 patients and 347 household contacts. Serial nasopharyngeal swabs, feces, urine, and serum samples were collected on days 1, 7, 14, and 28. Multivariable logistic regression was used to determine factors associated with RNA positivity, viral clearance and seropositivity.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Among the index cases, median duration for respiratory samples to test negative was 10.5, 7 days in <18 and > 18 years respectively. The median period of RNA detection in feces was longer at 14 days (IQR 7, 28). The independent determinants of RT-PCR negativity of nasopharyngeal samples at >7 days was fever a OR 3.3 (95 % CI 1.1, 10.5). In the multivariable analysis for antibody response, those with less than or equal to 12 years of schooling had five times higher risk of being seronegative [aOR 5.2 (95 % CI 1.6, 16.7)]. Shedding of the virus in stool was more common among those aged <40 years (a OR 2.8, 95 % CI 1.2, 6.4) and among those who had fever (a OR 3.4, 95 % CI 1.1, 10.8). Among the contacts the seropositivity was determined by being illiterate 1.8 (95 % CI 1.1, 3.2), and reporting any symptom from day 1–14 aOR 3.2 (95 % CI 1.9, 5.2).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>The shorter duration of RNA positivity in respiratory samples and viral shedding in stool has implications for managing infection control and monitoring in diverse populations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":33615,"journal":{"name":"Global Transitions","volume":"7 ","pages":"Pages 21-28"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143130067","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-01Epub Date: 2025-03-14DOI: 10.1016/j.glt.2025.03.003
Thang Nam Do
The European Union (EU)'s Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism (CBAM) imposes import charges tied to carbon intensity and is set for full enforcement by 2026. Although it aims to reduce global emissions, its one-size-fits-all structure risks penalizing developing nations that often lack financial and technical resources for rapid decarbonization. This article presents “CBAM-Plus,” a framework that reinvests CBAM revenues in clean energy infrastructure, facilitates technology transfer, and recognizes non-pricing mitigation strategies. By bridging capacity gaps and channeling funds toward local development, CBAM-Plus seeks to promote decarbonization without reinforcing global inequities. As additional countries consider carbon border policies, measures that align climate objectives with development priorities are vital to preventing a new global carbon divide.
{"title":"Reimagining carbon border adjustment mechanisms: A path to climate and development synergy","authors":"Thang Nam Do","doi":"10.1016/j.glt.2025.03.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.glt.2025.03.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The European Union (EU)'s Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism (CBAM) imposes import charges tied to carbon intensity and is set for full enforcement by 2026. Although it aims to reduce global emissions, its one-size-fits-all structure risks penalizing developing nations that often lack financial and technical resources for rapid decarbonization. This article presents “CBAM-Plus,” a framework that reinvests CBAM revenues in clean energy infrastructure, facilitates technology transfer, and recognizes non-pricing mitigation strategies. By bridging capacity gaps and channeling funds toward local development, CBAM-Plus seeks to promote decarbonization without reinforcing global inequities. As additional countries consider carbon border policies, measures that align climate objectives with development priorities are vital to preventing a new global carbon divide.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":33615,"journal":{"name":"Global Transitions","volume":"7 ","pages":"Pages 144-147"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143684673","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-01Epub Date: 2025-04-14DOI: 10.1016/j.glt.2025.04.004
Abeer Omira , Soumaya Grira , Abdel-Hamid I. Mourad , Mohammad Alkhedher
The growing environmental and health concerns surrounding conventional cosmetic packaging demand urgent attention. This work proposes a paradigm shift in cosmetic packaging by introducing the concept of “The New Generation of Cosmetics Packaging,” which focuses on sustainable and biodegradable alternatives. The review outlines a structured approach, presenting a framework that explores promising materials such as wood plastic composites (WPC), polylactic acid (PLA), polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA), and cellulose-based materials. It further investigates processing and testing methods, along with innovative solutions like nanotechnology, 3D printing, and edible packaging. Additionally, it highlights the challenges that must be addressed for successful transition, and the policies that should be taken into consideration. The outcomes of this work confirm the importance of adopting a New Generation of Cosmetic Packaging to overcome the drawbacks of conventional packaging. The proposed paradigm shift provides a forward-looking pathway and proposes a coordinated approach from industry, policy-makers, and consumers.
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Pub Date : 2024-01-01Epub Date: 2023-11-28DOI: 10.1016/j.glt.2023.11.001
Jiaruo Sun , Qingyu Li , Yuhang Zhang , Jiayin Zheng , Zi Xi , Xinyu Tan , Ashish Kumar Gupta , Nandita Murukutla , Melina Samar Magsumbol , Tom Carroll , Rebecca Perl , Wenzhuo Liang , Sufang Yang , Fuchang Ma , Lin Xiao , Sitong Luo
Objective
The study aimed to evaluate the potential effect of creative concepts and scripts of different short videos for the “National Anti-Cigarette Gift Giving Campaign” during the Chinese Lunar New Year.
Methods
The concept testing study used a mix-method design combining quantitative survey and qualitative group discussion. Online focus group discussions (FGD) were conducted among general population in Beijing, the capital city, and Xining City, Qinghai Province in China in December 2021. A total of 192 participants were recruited and divided into 16 FGD groups by age, sex, smoking history, and socio-economic level.
Results
A total of five short videos were tested. Both quantitative and qualitative findings showed that the concepts and scripts of all the alternative short videos were easy to understand, but differences were observed in their potential to change participants’ behavioral intentions of cigarette gift-giving and culture appropriateness. “Gamified couple at home” was considered as the most suitable short video for wide dissemination during the Chinese Lunar New Year because of its innovative style and potential effectiveness in changing behavioral intentions. Although the short video themed “Gifting harm” showed a pronounced impact on personal motivation to not give cigarettes as gifts, it was not recommended due to the cultural inappropriateness.
Conclusion
Future development of public service advertisements such as short videos targeting tobacco control is suggested to use evidence-based research to identify the most effective and appropriate concepts. Due consideration should be extended to the cultural appropriateness of communication content and its alignment with the relevant occasion.
{"title":"A mix-methods concept testing study of short videos for the national anti-cigarette gift giving campaign in China","authors":"Jiaruo Sun , Qingyu Li , Yuhang Zhang , Jiayin Zheng , Zi Xi , Xinyu Tan , Ashish Kumar Gupta , Nandita Murukutla , Melina Samar Magsumbol , Tom Carroll , Rebecca Perl , Wenzhuo Liang , Sufang Yang , Fuchang Ma , Lin Xiao , Sitong Luo","doi":"10.1016/j.glt.2023.11.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.glt.2023.11.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><p>The study aimed to evaluate the potential effect of creative concepts and scripts of different short videos for the “National Anti-Cigarette Gift Giving Campaign” during the Chinese Lunar New Year.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>The concept testing study used a mix-method design combining quantitative survey and qualitative group discussion. Online focus group discussions (FGD) were conducted among general population in Beijing, the capital city, and Xining City, Qinghai Province in China in December 2021. A total of 192 participants were recruited and divided into 16 FGD groups by age, sex, smoking history, and socio-economic level.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>A total of five short videos were tested. Both quantitative and qualitative findings showed that the concepts and scripts of all the alternative short videos were easy to understand, but differences were observed in their potential to change participants’ behavioral intentions of cigarette gift-giving and culture appropriateness. “Gamified couple at home” was considered as the most suitable short video for wide dissemination during the Chinese Lunar New Year because of its innovative style and potential effectiveness in changing behavioral intentions. Although the short video themed “Gifting harm” showed a pronounced impact on personal motivation to not give cigarettes as gifts, it was not recommended due to the cultural inappropriateness.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>Future development of public service advertisements such as short videos targeting tobacco control is suggested to use evidence-based research to identify the most effective and appropriate concepts. Due consideration should be extended to the cultural appropriateness of communication content and its alignment with the relevant occasion.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":33615,"journal":{"name":"Global Transitions","volume":"6 ","pages":"Pages 1-9"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2589791823000270/pdfft?md5=fd2eb66edae4c54d6c732c5a6f724d94&pid=1-s2.0-S2589791823000270-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138465916","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-01Epub Date: 2023-12-25DOI: 10.1016/j.glt.2023.12.003
Jianqi Chen , Yingting Zhu , Zhidong Li , Xuhao Chen , Xiaohong Chen , Shaofen Huang , Rui Xie , Yuan Zhang , Guitong Ye , Ruiyu Luo , Xinyue Shen , Lifeng Lin , Yehong Zhuo
Background
Vision loss is a leading cause of healthy life loss in late adulthood. We aimed to comprehensively examine the impact of population aging on vision loss prevalence worldwide.
Methods
This population-based study used repeated cross-sectional data on vision loss and its related causes from the Global Burden of Disease 2019 study. We investigated the impact of population aging by decomposing changes in vision loss prevalence into contributions of population growth, population aging, and epidemiological rate changes using the latest decomposition method and comparing the net effect of population aging and epidemiological rate changes.
Results
The global vision loss prevalence attributed to population aging increased from 1991 to 2019, reaching 183.37 million in 2019. In relation to the 19 vision loss causes, the greatest increase in population aging-attributed vision loss prevalence was observed for near vision loss, refraction disorders, and cataract, whereas the contributions of glaucoma, diabetic retinopathy, and age-related macular degeneration were not substantial. The impact of population aging on vision loss prevalence varied greatly worldwide based on development levels. However, in most countries, the increase in vision loss prevalence caused by population aging exceeded far and could not be offset by epidemiological rate variations.
Conclusions
With the aging of the population, vision loss has become one of the most serious public health concerns. It is imperative that policy makers invest more in vision health preventive medicine and implement proven, cost-effective interventions to combat the epidemic of vision loss as the population ages.
{"title":"Global impact of population aging on vision loss prevalence: A population-based study","authors":"Jianqi Chen , Yingting Zhu , Zhidong Li , Xuhao Chen , Xiaohong Chen , Shaofen Huang , Rui Xie , Yuan Zhang , Guitong Ye , Ruiyu Luo , Xinyue Shen , Lifeng Lin , Yehong Zhuo","doi":"10.1016/j.glt.2023.12.003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.glt.2023.12.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Vision loss is a leading cause of healthy life loss in late adulthood. We aimed to comprehensively examine the impact of population aging on vision loss prevalence worldwide.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>This population-based study used repeated cross-sectional data on vision loss and its related causes from the Global Burden of Disease 2019 study. We investigated the impact of population aging by decomposing changes in vision loss prevalence into contributions of population growth, population aging, and epidemiological rate changes using the latest decomposition method and comparing the net effect of population aging and epidemiological rate changes.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>The global vision loss prevalence attributed to population aging increased from 1991 to 2019, reaching 183.37 million in 2019. In relation to the 19 vision loss causes, the greatest increase in population aging-attributed vision loss prevalence was observed for near vision loss, refraction disorders, and cataract, whereas the contributions of glaucoma, diabetic retinopathy, and age-related macular degeneration were not substantial. The impact of population aging on vision loss prevalence varied greatly worldwide based on development levels. However, in most countries, the increase in vision loss prevalence caused by population aging exceeded far and could not be offset by epidemiological rate variations.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>With the aging of the population, vision loss has become one of the most serious public health concerns. It is imperative that policy makers invest more in vision health preventive medicine and implement proven, cost-effective interventions to combat the epidemic of vision loss as the population ages.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":33615,"journal":{"name":"Global Transitions","volume":"6 ","pages":"Pages 28-36"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2589791823000403/pdfft?md5=b4100b7fd04def055d043f9074335ad9&pid=1-s2.0-S2589791823000403-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139050460","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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