Global Transitions最新文献

Background

Methods

Results

Conclusion

The aim of this study is to clarify the role of physical activity level and physical function on cognitive function of the elderly. A nested case–control investigation from a middle-aged and elderly cognitive health cohort was conducted. 103 mild cognitive impairment (MCI) patients were selected for the purpose of the study and matched 1:1 according to age and sex. Handgrip strength, gait speed and 5-time chair stand test were used to evaluate physical function. The physical activity scale for the elderly (PASE) was used to assess physical activity level. The Montreal cognitive assessment (MoCA) was used to quickly screen the mild cognitive impairment of the subjects. Body composition was estimated by bioelectrical impedance analysis. The total score of MoCA and the scores of different cognitive domains in two groups were different, handgrip strength was lower in the MCI group. Multivariate logistic regression model results showed that handgrip strength decreased could increase the risk of MCI(OR = 3.008, 95%CI: 1.421,6.369), higher PASE score was correlated with lower risk of MCI (OR = 0.402, 95%CI: 0.168,0.966). After combining body composition indices, handgrip strength and PASE score remained significantly associated with the occurrence of MCI, and there is an interaction. Logistic regression models were used for receiver operating characteristic curve analysis, all models demonstrate a good level of predictive performance for MCI. Physical activity level and physical function are associated with mild cognitive impairment. Higher physical activity level, normal handgrip strength are correlated with lower risk of MCI.

Objectives

Methods

Results

Conclusion

This paper delves into the critical issues of individual health, environmental health, and public health, which are all interconnected in the complex web of food security in emerging countries. Leveraging data from the top 10 countries with the lowest climate index values according to the Numbeo ranking, this article introduces a groundbreaking deep learning algorithm. This algorithm has the potential to revolutionize agricultural productivity and food security in the face of climate change, filling the gap in research on deep learning in agriculture. By enabling intelligent management, this algorithm could boost yields in agriculture, rendering it less dependent on climatic factors and ensuring the effectiveness of digital modernization. Furthermore, we explore the promising benefits of restoring ancient irrigation systems to elevate productivity levels. Our study provides definitive insights into deep learning techniques for yield prediction and productivity enhancement, offering a beacon of hope for the future of food security in emerging economies.

Background

Although the health impacts of ambient ozone (O₃) have been widely assessed, studies simultaneously investigating the acute and chronic effects of O₃ on mortality from respiratory diseases (RESP) are scarce.

Methods

We extracted personal information of all recorded deaths from RESP throughout 2013–2018 in six provinces in China. The daily, seasonal, and annual mean air pollutant concentrations at the township/subdistrict level were estimated by a random forest model. The acute association between the maximum daily average 8h ozone (MDA8 O₃) and RESP mortality was examined by a time-stratified case-crossover study design, and the chronic association was estimated by a difference-in-differences (DID) analysis approach. We also calculated the attributable fraction (AF) of RESP mortality attributable to MDA8 O₃.

Results

There were 1,034,226 RESP deaths included in this study. The excess risks (ERs) of overall RESP mortality for each 10 μg/m³ increase in short-term (lag03 days) and long-term (one-year average) exposure to MDA8 O₃ were 0.38 % (95%CI: 0.26 %, 0.50 %) and 4.37 % (3.91 %, 4.84 %), respectively. The AFs of overall RESP mortality ascribed to short- and long-term MDA8 O₃ exposures were 3.00 % (2.03 %, 3.95 %) and 29.45 % (26.86 %, 31.95 %), respectively. The average annual number of RESP deaths attributable to short-term MDA8 O₃ exposure was 30,790 and 302,254 were attributable to long-term MDA8 O₃ exposure across China during 2013–2018.

Conclusion

Both short- and long-term exposure to ambient MDA8 O₃ were positively associated with RESP mortality, and long-term exposure to MDA8 O₃ may lead to a greater RESP mortality burden than short-term exposure to MDA8 O₃.

Background

A low COVID-19 vaccination rate has been observed in some countries. Misinformation regarding COVID-19 vaccines is commonly available on social media. This study aims to conduct an empirical, in-depth analysis of the digital space, particularly misinformation regarding COVID-19 vaccines across social media, including socio-demographic factors on COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy. This provides opportunities to set policies to properly utilize social media in public health and vaccination.

Methods

A web-based questionnaire was administered to elicit responses from social media users ages 15 years and older. Data regarding the level of social media usage, attitudes toward information on social media, and COVID-19 vaccines were collected.

Results

A total of 2231 people completed the questionnaire. The majority of the participants were concerned about the negative consequences of taking COVID-19 vaccines, but they had more confidence in the aspects of vaccine safety, importance, and effectiveness. Social media is not considered a credible channel to disseminate information about COVID-19, its vaccination, and its consequences, with females expressing a higher level of distrust. People who are spending more time using social media tend not to believe in vaccination in terms of safety and importance.

Conclusions

Social media has played a negative role and led to vaccine hesitancy among the public, especially young people. Public health institutions should establish health education initiatives using both traditional and social media platforms to immunize the public against misinformation.

Objectives

Amid the challenges posed by the global COVID-19 pandemic, understanding how the crisis shapes people' environmental behaviours and consciousness becomes paramount. This study aimed to unravel the implications of the global pandemic on individuals' environmental protection activities, environmentally prioritized attitudes, and confidence in future environmental protection movements.

Methods

By combing detailed COVID-19 surveillance data from the World Health Organization and the Integrated Values Surveys, this study analysed information from 54,951 participants aged 15 years and above across 18 countries spanning 6 continents. Utilizing the global pandemic as a natural experiment, Logistic regressions with Difference-in-Difference (DID) models were employed for a robust estimation of the pandemic's effects on environmental outcomes.

Results

The findings revealed a notable reduction in the likelihood of environmental protection activities among individuals (adjusted OR: 0.34, 95% CI: 0.23–0.51). However, pandemic exposure was linked to an increased environmentally prioritized attitude (1.35, 1.18–1.54) and enhanced confidence in environmental protection movements (1.16, 1.01–1.32). Notably, the beneficial effects of the pandemic on environmental attitudes (1.42, 1.21–1.67) and confidence (1.19, 1.01–1.39) were significantly observed exclusively among younger individuals and women exhibited heightened sensitivity to the pandemic's positive impact on environmental attitudes (1.55, 1.30–1.86), while men displayed increased sensitivity in confidence regarding future environmental movements (1.23, 1.00–1.50).

Conclusions

This study contributes valuable insights to the existing literature by elucidating the intricate relationship between global crises and individual environmental protection. The evidence generated provides policymakers with essential information for formulating comprehensive post-pandemic strategies aimed at jointly promoting and achieving high-quality development of the population and the environmental dimension of SDGs.

Background

Vision loss is a leading cause of healthy life loss in late adulthood. We aimed to comprehensively examine the impact of population aging on vision loss prevalence worldwide.

Methods

This population-based study used repeated cross-sectional data on vision loss and its related causes from the Global Burden of Disease 2019 study. We investigated the impact of population aging by decomposing changes in vision loss prevalence into contributions of population growth, population aging, and epidemiological rate changes using the latest decomposition method and comparing the net effect of population aging and epidemiological rate changes.

Results

The global vision loss prevalence attributed to population aging increased from 1991 to 2019, reaching 183.37 million in 2019. In relation to the 19 vision loss causes, the greatest increase in population aging-attributed vision loss prevalence was observed for near vision loss, refraction disorders, and cataract, whereas the contributions of glaucoma, diabetic retinopathy, and age-related macular degeneration were not substantial. The impact of population aging on vision loss prevalence varied greatly worldwide based on development levels. However, in most countries, the increase in vision loss prevalence caused by population aging exceeded far and could not be offset by epidemiological rate variations.

Conclusions

With the aging of the population, vision loss has become one of the most serious public health concerns. It is imperative that policy makers invest more in vision health preventive medicine and implement proven, cost-effective interventions to combat the epidemic of vision loss as the population ages.

Trends and factors associated with cervical cancer screening (CCS) among women of reproductive age are essential for designing cancer prevention strategies to reduce mortality. The present study investigates the factors contributing to CCS in India through multilevel modeling on data from women files of the fifth round of the National Family Health Survey (NFHS- 5). Districts, villages, and individuals were considered as the levels under investigation. Age, contraception use, and wealth index impacted the CCS significantly. The percentage of CCS is 1.2, and it varies across socioeconomic factors. The prevalence of cervical cancer screening is high among women in the 30–49 age group, in the rich wealth index, and not utilizing condoms as contraception. The screening percentage was found to be highest in southern states. A pressing need was felt for organizing awareness camps and all-inclusive dissemination of information, especially in the Northern part of India.