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The role of physical function and physical activity on cognitive function in the elderly 身体功能和体育活动对老年人认知功能的作用
Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.glt.2024.02.002
Chengyan Qi , Xianyun Wang , Dajun Li, Huini Ding, Jing Shen, Yuning Jiao, Wangziyan Lu, Yuandi Xi

The aim of this study is to clarify the role of physical activity level and physical function on cognitive function of the elderly. A nested case–control investigation from a middle-aged and elderly cognitive health cohort was conducted. 103 mild cognitive impairment (MCI) patients were selected for the purpose of the study and matched 1:1 according to age and sex. Handgrip strength, gait speed and 5-time chair stand test were used to evaluate physical function. The physical activity scale for the elderly (PASE) was used to assess physical activity level. The Montreal cognitive assessment (MoCA) was used to quickly screen the mild cognitive impairment of the subjects. Body composition was estimated by bioelectrical impedance analysis. The total score of MoCA and the scores of different cognitive domains in two groups were different, handgrip strength was lower in the MCI group. Multivariate logistic regression model results showed that handgrip strength decreased could increase the risk of MCI(OR = 3.008, 95%CI: 1.421,6.369), higher PASE score was correlated with lower risk of MCI (OR = 0.402, 95%CI: 0.168,0.966). After combining body composition indices, handgrip strength and PASE score remained significantly associated with the occurrence of MCI, and there is an interaction. Logistic regression models were used for receiver operating characteristic curve analysis, all models demonstrate a good level of predictive performance for MCI. Physical activity level and physical function are associated with mild cognitive impairment. Higher physical activity level, normal handgrip strength are correlated with lower risk of MCI.

本研究旨在阐明体育活动水平和体育功能对老年人认知功能的影响。研究从中老年认知健康队列中进行了巢式病例对照调查。研究选取了 103 名轻度认知障碍(MCI)患者,并根据年龄和性别进行了 1:1 匹配。研究采用手握力、步速和 5 次椅子站立测试来评估身体功能。老年人体力活动量表(PASE)用于评估体力活动水平。蒙特利尔认知评估(MoCA)用于快速筛查受试者的轻度认知障碍。身体成分通过生物电阻抗分析进行估计。结果显示,两组受试者的MoCA总分和不同认知领域的得分存在差异,MCI组受试者的手握力较低。多变量逻辑回归模型结果显示,手握力下降会增加MCI风险(OR = 3.008,95%CI:1.421,6.369),PASE评分越高,MCI风险越低(OR = 0.402,95%CI:0.168,0.966)。综合身体成分指数后,手握力和 PASE 评分仍与 MCI 的发生显著相关,且存在交互作用。采用逻辑回归模型进行接收者操作特征曲线分析,所有模型对 MCI 都有良好的预测效果。体力活动水平和身体功能与轻度认知障碍有关。较高的体力活动水平、正常的握力与较低的 MCI 风险相关。
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引用次数: 0
Non-optimum temperatures modified the associations between PM2.5 and its components and hospitalizations for chronic kidney disease in China 非最佳温度改变了中国PM2.5及其成分与慢性肾病住院之间的关系
Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.glt.2024.09.001
Epidemiological evidence concerning whether exposure to fine particulate matter (PM2.5) and its components was linked to an elevated risk of hospitalizations for chronic kidney disease (CKD) remains insufficient. Moreover, it remains unclear whether ambient temperatures have potential modification effects on PM2.5's impacts. In the current study, we collected a nationwide sample of 2,259,240 hospitalization records for CKD in 260 Chinese cities. The associations between air pollutants and CKD hospitalizations were determined by the space-time-stratified case-crossover design. We further assessed the effects of PM2.5 and its components in three temperature strata [i.e., lowest (<25th), medium (25–75th), and highest (>75th)]. The findings demonstrated the significant and monotonic associations between risk of CKD hospitalizations and exposure to PM2.5, black carbon (BC), sulfate (SO42−), nitrate (NO3), ammonium (NH4+), and organic matter (OM). For instance, along with an interquartile range increment in PM2.5 (29.47 μg/m3), the relative risks (RR) were 1.016 (95 % confidence interval [CI]:1.012–1.019) at lag 0–4 days. Higher ambient temperature significantly exacerbated the estimated impact of PM2.5 and its components on CKD hospitalizations, while significantly stronger associations were also observed at lower temperature for SO42− and NO3. The modification effects of non-optimum temperatures varied among different etiologies of CKD and geographic regions. This study provides insights into the joint kidney health effects of climate change and air pollution. These findings highlight the necessity of protection measures against high concentration of PM2.5 and non-optimum temperatures for the vulnerable populations.
关于暴露于细颗粒物(PM2.5)及其成分是否与慢性肾病(CKD)住院风险升高有关的流行病学证据仍然不足。此外,环境温度对 PM2.5 的影响是否有潜在的调节作用,目前仍不清楚。在本研究中,我们收集了中国 260 个城市的 2,259,240 份慢性肾脏病住院记录样本。通过时空分层病例交叉设计确定了空气污染物与慢性肾脏病住院之间的关联。我们进一步评估了 PM2.5 及其成分在三个温度分层(即最低温度(第 25 位)、中等温度(第 25-75 位)和最高温度(第 75 位))中的影响。研究结果表明,慢性肾脏病住院风险与 PM2.5、黑碳(BC)、硫酸盐(SO42-)、硝酸盐(NO3-)、铵(NH4+)和有机物(OM)暴露之间存在明显的单调关系。例如,随着 PM2.5 的四分位数间增量(29.47 μg/m3),滞后 0-4 天的相对风险(RR)为 1.016(95 % 置信区间 [CI]:1.012-1.019)。较高的环境温度明显加剧了PM2.5及其成分对慢性肾脏病住院率的估计影响,而在较低温度下,SO42-和NO3-的相关性也明显增强。不同病因的慢性肾脏病和不同的地理区域,非最佳温度的调节作用也不尽相同。这项研究为气候变化和空气污染对肾脏健康的共同影响提供了见解。这些发现凸显了针对高浓度PM2.5和非最佳温度对易感人群采取保护措施的必要性。
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引用次数: 0
Assessment of knowledge, attitude, anxiety level and perceived mental healthcare needs toward mpox infection among nursing students: A multi-center cross-sectional study 评估护理专业学生对水痘感染的认知、态度、焦虑程度和心理保健需求:多中心横断面研究
Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.glt.2024.10.001

Background

Despite the crucial role of nursing students in managing public health crises, their understanding and attitudes towards monkeypox (mpox) remain underexplored. This study aims to assess nursing students' knowledge, attitudes, anxiety levels, and perceived need for mental healthcare support related to mpox across the UAE, Iraq, and Egypt.

Methods

A cross-sectional survey was conducted with 1,386 nursing students from three universities using non-probability purposive sampling. Participants completed a structured questionnaire covering sociodemographic information, knowledge of mpox, attitudes towards the disease, levels of anxiety, and perceived mental healthcare needs. Knowledge was categorized into poor, fair, and good, attitudes into negative, neutral, and positive, and anxiety into low, moderate, and high levels. Data were analysed for correlations using Pearson's correlation coefficient and statistical tests. We performed multivariate regression analysis to find odd ratios of assessed parameters against several sociodemographic variables.

Results

Among the participants, 21.8 % demonstrated good knowledge of mpox, while 53.4 % had moderate or fair knowledge and 24.8 % had poor knowledge. Attitudes were predominantly neutral (44.7 %) or negative (36 %), and 57.2 % reported moderate anxiety. Approximately 33 % of students felt a significant need for mental healthcare support. Knowledge correlated positively with attitudes and negatively with anxiety and perceived mental healthcare needs. Attitudes also negatively correlated with perceived mental healthcare needs.

Conclusion

The neutral or negative attitudes towards mpox suggest a need for enhanced educational interventions. Addressing these gaps through targeted training programs could improve knowledge, foster positive attitudes, and mitigate anxiety, thereby better preparing future healthcare professionals for emerging health threats.
背景尽管护理专业学生在管理公共卫生危机中扮演着重要角色,但他们对猴痘(mpox)的理解和态度仍未得到充分探讨。本研究旨在评估阿联酋、伊拉克和埃及的护理专业学生对猴痘的认识、态度、焦虑程度以及对心理健康支持的感知需求。方法采用非概率目的性抽样,对来自三所大学的 1386 名护理专业学生进行了横断面调查。参与者填写了一份结构化问卷,内容包括社会人口学信息、对水痘的了解、对该疾病的态度、焦虑程度以及感知到的心理保健需求。知识分为差、一般和好,态度分为消极、中性和积极,焦虑分为低、中和高。我们使用皮尔逊相关系数和统计检验对数据进行了相关性分析。我们进行了多变量回归分析,以找出评估参数与几个社会人口学变量之间的奇异比率。结果在参与者中,21.8%的人对麻风病有较好的了解,53.4%的人对麻风病有中等或一般的了解,24.8%的人对麻风病了解较少。态度以中性(44.7%)或负面(36%)为主,57.2%的学生表示有中度焦虑。约有 33% 的学生认为非常需要心理保健支持。知识与态度呈正相关,与焦虑和心理保健需求呈负相关。结论 对麻风病的中性或负面态度表明需要加强教育干预。通过有针对性的培训计划来弥补这些差距,可以提高知识水平、培养积极态度并减轻焦虑,从而使未来的医疗保健专业人员更好地应对新出现的健康威胁。
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引用次数: 0
Deep learning, irrigation enhancement, and agricultural economics for ensuring food security in emerging economies 深度学习、加强灌溉和农业经济学,确保新兴经济体的粮食安全
Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.glt.2024.06.002
Aktam U. Burkhanov , Elena G. Popkova , Diana R. Galoyan , Tatul M. Mkrtchyan , Bruno S. Sergi

This paper delves into the critical issues of individual health, environmental health, and public health, which are all interconnected in the complex web of food security in emerging countries. Leveraging data from the top 10 countries with the lowest climate index values according to the Numbeo ranking, this article introduces a groundbreaking deep learning algorithm. This algorithm has the potential to revolutionize agricultural productivity and food security in the face of climate change, filling the gap in research on deep learning in agriculture. By enabling intelligent management, this algorithm could boost yields in agriculture, rendering it less dependent on climatic factors and ensuring the effectiveness of digital modernization. Furthermore, we explore the promising benefits of restoring ancient irrigation systems to elevate productivity levels. Our study provides definitive insights into deep learning techniques for yield prediction and productivity enhancement, offering a beacon of hope for the future of food security in emerging economies.

本文深入探讨了个人健康、环境健康和公共健康等关键问题,这些问题在新兴国家复杂的粮食安全网络中相互关联。本文利用根据 Numbeo 排名气候指数值最低的前 10 个国家的数据,介绍了一种开创性的深度学习算法。该算法有望在气候变化面前彻底改变农业生产率和粮食安全状况,填补了深度学习在农业领域的研究空白。通过实现智能管理,该算法可以提高农业产量,减少对气候因素的依赖,确保数字化现代化的有效性。此外,我们还探索了恢复古代灌溉系统以提高生产力水平的前景。我们的研究为产量预测和提高生产力的深度学习技术提供了明确的见解,为新兴经济体未来的粮食安全带来了希望的灯塔。
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引用次数: 0
Interaction effects of mental health disorders and labour productivity on economic growth in Africa 精神疾病和劳动生产率对非洲经济增长的交互影响
Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.glt.2024.09.002

Objectives

Mental health disorders are major public health problems confronting millions of people globally as well as in Africa. While these disorders can negatively affect the economic productivity of affected persons which can reduce economic growth, to the best of our knowledge, empirical evidence in this regard is sparse, with none emanating from the African continent. This study therefore examines the individual and combined (interaction) effects of mental health disorders and labour productivity on economic growth in Africa.

Methods

The study uses data comprising 45 African countries over the period, 2002–2019. Prevalence of schizophrenia, depression, dysthymia, bipolar and anxiety are the mental health disorders used while the log difference between the current year's real Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and the past year's real GDP is used to measure economic growth. Labour productivity is measured by the rate of growth in output (GDP) per worker. The system Generalised Method of Moments (GMM) regression is used as the estimation technique.

Results

The study finds that, in both the short-and long-run periods, while all the mental health disorders have negative significant effects on economic growth, the effect of labour productivity on economic growth is positive and significant. However, the interactions of each of the mental health disorders with labour productivity are found to have negative significant effects on economic growth in both the short-and long-run periods.

Conclusion

There is therefore the need to enhance awareness about mental health disorders as well as access to effective and quality mental healthcare to reduce the associated enormous economic losses.
目标 心理健康失调是全球和非洲数百万人面临的主要公共卫生问题。虽然这些疾病会对患者的经济生产力产生负面影响,从而降低经济增长,但据我们所知,这方面的实证证据并不多,而且没有任何证据来自非洲大陆。因此,本研究探讨了精神障碍和劳动生产率对非洲经济增长的个体和综合(交互)影响。 方法:本研究使用了 2002-2019 年期间 45 个非洲国家的数据。精神分裂症、抑郁症、癔症、躁狂症和焦虑症是精神疾病的发病率,而当年实际国内生产总值(GDP)与过去一年实际国内生产总值的对数之差则用于衡量经济增长。劳动生产率是通过每个工人的产出(国内生产总值)增长率来衡量的。结果研究发现,无论是短期还是长期,虽然所有精神疾病都会对经济增长产生负向显著影响,但劳动生产率对经济增长的影响却是正向和显著的。结论因此,有必要提高人们对精神疾病的认识,并提供有效和优质的精神保健服务,以减少相关的巨大经济损失。
{"title":"Interaction effects of mental health disorders and labour productivity on economic growth in Africa","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.glt.2024.09.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.glt.2024.09.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>Mental health disorders are major public health problems confronting millions of people globally as well as in Africa. While these disorders can negatively affect the economic productivity of affected persons which can reduce economic growth, to the best of our knowledge, empirical evidence in this regard is sparse, with none emanating from the African continent. This study therefore examines the individual and combined (interaction) effects of mental health disorders and labour productivity on economic growth in Africa.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>The study uses data comprising 45 African countries over the period, 2002–2019. Prevalence of schizophrenia, depression, dysthymia, bipolar and anxiety are the mental health disorders used while the log difference between the current year's real Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and the past year's real GDP is used to measure economic growth. Labour productivity is measured by the rate of growth in output (GDP) per worker. The system Generalised Method of Moments (GMM) regression is used as the estimation technique.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The study finds that, in both the short-and long-run periods, while all the mental health disorders have negative significant effects on economic growth, the effect of labour productivity on economic growth is positive and significant. However, the interactions of each of the mental health disorders with labour productivity are found to have negative significant effects on economic growth in both the short-and long-run periods.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>There is therefore the need to enhance awareness about mental health disorders as well as access to effective and quality mental healthcare to reduce the associated enormous economic losses.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":33615,"journal":{"name":"Global Transitions","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142537141","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The impact of the global COVID-19 pandemic exposure on current and future worldwide environmental protection across 18 nations in 6 continents 全球 COVID-19 大流行对 6 大洲 18 个国家当前和未来全球环境保护的影响
Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.glt.2024.02.001
Chao Guo , Huameng Tang , Mingxing Wang , Tingting Zhang

Objectives

Amid the challenges posed by the global COVID-19 pandemic, understanding how the crisis shapes people' environmental behaviours and consciousness becomes paramount. This study aimed to unravel the implications of the global pandemic on individuals' environmental protection activities, environmentally prioritized attitudes, and confidence in future environmental protection movements.

Methods

By combing detailed COVID-19 surveillance data from the World Health Organization and the Integrated Values Surveys, this study analysed information from 54,951 participants aged 15 years and above across 18 countries spanning 6 continents. Utilizing the global pandemic as a natural experiment, Logistic regressions with Difference-in-Difference (DID) models were employed for a robust estimation of the pandemic's effects on environmental outcomes.

Results

The findings revealed a notable reduction in the likelihood of environmental protection activities among individuals (adjusted OR: 0.34, 95% CI: 0.23–0.51). However, pandemic exposure was linked to an increased environmentally prioritized attitude (1.35, 1.18–1.54) and enhanced confidence in environmental protection movements (1.16, 1.01–1.32). Notably, the beneficial effects of the pandemic on environmental attitudes (1.42, 1.21–1.67) and confidence (1.19, 1.01–1.39) were significantly observed exclusively among younger individuals and women exhibited heightened sensitivity to the pandemic's positive impact on environmental attitudes (1.55, 1.30–1.86), while men displayed increased sensitivity in confidence regarding future environmental movements (1.23, 1.00–1.50).

Conclusions

This study contributes valuable insights to the existing literature by elucidating the intricate relationship between global crises and individual environmental protection. The evidence generated provides policymakers with essential information for formulating comprehensive post-pandemic strategies aimed at jointly promoting and achieving high-quality development of the population and the environmental dimension of SDGs.

目标在全球 COVID-19 大流行所带来的挑战中,了解这场危机如何影响人们的环保行为和意识变得至关重要。本研究旨在揭示全球疫情对个人环保活动、环保优先态度以及对未来环保运动信心的影响。研究方法本研究结合世界卫生组织和综合价值观调查提供的详细 COVID-19 监测数据,分析了来自 6 大洲 18 个国家 54951 名 15 岁及以上参与者的信息。研究结果显示,个人参与环保活动的可能性明显降低(调整后 OR:0.34,95% CI:0.23-0.51)。然而,接触大流行病与环保优先态度的增强(1.35,1.18-1.54)和环保运动信心的增强(1.16,1.01-1.32)有关。值得注意的是,大流行病对环境态度(1.42,1.21-1.67)和信心(1.19,1.01-1.39)的有利影响只在年轻人中显著观察到,女性对大流行病对环境态度的积极影响表现出更高的敏感性(1.55,1.本研究阐明了全球危机与个人环境保护之间错综复杂的关系,为现有文献提供了宝贵的见解。这些证据为政策制定者提供了重要信息,有助于他们制定全面的大流行病后战略,以共同促进和实现人口的高质量发展和可持续发展目标的环境维度。
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引用次数: 0
Ambient ozone and mortality from respiratory diseases: A nationwide analysis in China 环境臭氧与呼吸系统疾病死亡率:中国全国范围的分析
Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.glt.2024.05.001
Weiling Tang , Min Yu , Guoxia Bai , Chunliang Zhou , Ruilin Meng , Biao Huang , Weiwei Gong , Zhulin Hou , Jianxiong Hu , Guanhao He , Lifeng Lin , Yanfang Guo , Juanjuan Zhang , Qijiong Zhu , Zhiqing Chen , Siwen Yu , Yuan Zheng , Yayi Li , Jiahong Xu , Xiaofeng Liang , Tao Liu

Background

Although the health impacts of ambient ozone (O3) have been widely assessed, studies simultaneously investigating the acute and chronic effects of O3 on mortality from respiratory diseases (RESP) are scarce.

Methods

We extracted personal information of all recorded deaths from RESP throughout 2013–2018 in six provinces in China. The daily, seasonal, and annual mean air pollutant concentrations at the township/subdistrict level were estimated by a random forest model. The acute association between the maximum daily average 8h ozone (MDA8 O3) and RESP mortality was examined by a time-stratified case-crossover study design, and the chronic association was estimated by a difference-in-differences (DID) analysis approach. We also calculated the attributable fraction (AF) of RESP mortality attributable to MDA8 O3.

Results

There were 1,034,226 RESP deaths included in this study. The excess risks (ERs) of overall RESP mortality for each 10 μg/m3 increase in short-term (lag03 days) and long-term (one-year average) exposure to MDA8 O3 were 0.38 % (95%CI: 0.26 %, 0.50 %) and 4.37 % (3.91 %, 4.84 %), respectively. The AFs of overall RESP mortality ascribed to short- and long-term MDA8 O3 exposures were 3.00 % (2.03 %, 3.95 %) and 29.45 % (26.86 %, 31.95 %), respectively. The average annual number of RESP deaths attributable to short-term MDA8 O3 exposure was 30,790 and 302,254 were attributable to long-term MDA8 O3 exposure across China during 2013–2018.

Conclusion

Both short- and long-term exposure to ambient MDA8 O3 were positively associated with RESP mortality, and long-term exposure to MDA8 O3 may lead to a greater RESP mortality burden than short-term exposure to MDA8 O3.

背景虽然环境臭氧(O3)对健康的影响已被广泛评估,但同时调查O3对呼吸系统疾病(RESP)死亡率的急性和慢性影响的研究却很少。采用随机森林模型估算了乡镇/县级空气污染物的日均、季均和年均浓度。我们采用时间分层病例交叉研究设计考察了最大日均8小时臭氧(MDA8 O3)与RESP死亡率之间的急性关联,并采用差异分析(DID)方法估算了慢性关联。我们还计算了可归因于 MDA8 O3 的 RESP 死亡率的可归因分数 (AF)。暴露于 MDA8 O3 的短期(滞后 03 天)和长期(平均一年)每增加 10 μg/m3 ,RESP 总死亡率的超额风险 (ER) 分别为 0.38 % (95%CI: 0.26 %, 0.50 %) 和 4.37 % (3.91 %, 4.84 %)。短期和长期暴露于 MDA8 O3 导致的 RESP 总死亡率平均值分别为 3.00 % (2.03 %, 3.95 %) 和 29.45 % (26.86 %, 31.95 %)。结论短期和长期暴露于环境中的MDA8 O3均与RESP死亡率呈正相关,与短期暴露于MDA8 O3相比,长期暴露于MDA8 O3可能会导致更大的RESP死亡负担。
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引用次数: 0
Relationships between social media usage, attitudes toward information on social media, and COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy 社交媒体使用情况、对社交媒体信息的态度与 COVID-19 疫苗犹豫不决之间的关系
Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.glt.2024.05.003
Araz Ramazan Ahmad , Ahmed Omar Bali

Background

A low COVID-19 vaccination rate has been observed in some countries. Misinformation regarding COVID-19 vaccines is commonly available on social media. This study aims to conduct an empirical, in-depth analysis of the digital space, particularly misinformation regarding COVID-19 vaccines across social media, including socio-demographic factors on COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy. This provides opportunities to set policies to properly utilize social media in public health and vaccination.

Methods

A web-based questionnaire was administered to elicit responses from social media users ages 15 years and older. Data regarding the level of social media usage, attitudes toward information on social media, and COVID-19 vaccines were collected.

Results

A total of 2231 people completed the questionnaire. The majority of the participants were concerned about the negative consequences of taking COVID-19 vaccines, but they had more confidence in the aspects of vaccine safety, importance, and effectiveness. Social media is not considered a credible channel to disseminate information about COVID-19, its vaccination, and its consequences, with females expressing a higher level of distrust. People who are spending more time using social media tend not to believe in vaccination in terms of safety and importance.

Conclusions

Social media has played a negative role and led to vaccine hesitancy among the public, especially young people. Public health institutions should establish health education initiatives using both traditional and social media platforms to immunize the public against misinformation.

背景一些国家的 COVID-19 疫苗接种率较低。有关 COVID-19 疫苗的错误信息在社交媒体上很常见。本研究旨在对数字空间,尤其是社交媒体上有关 COVID-19 疫苗的错误信息,包括 COVID-19 疫苗犹豫不决的社会人口因素进行实证性的深入分析。这为在公共卫生和疫苗接种中制定正确利用社交媒体的政策提供了机会。方法通过网络问卷调查的形式,向 15 岁及以上的社交媒体用户征集答案。结果 共有 2231 人填写了问卷。大多数参与者担心接种 COVID-19 疫苗会带来负面影响,但他们对疫苗的安全性、重要性和有效性更有信心。社交媒体被认为不是传播有关 COVID-19、疫苗接种及其后果信息的可信渠道,其中女性表示的不信任程度更高。使用社交媒体时间较长的人往往不相信疫苗接种的安全性和重要性。公共卫生机构应利用传统和社交媒体平台开展健康教育活动,使公众免受错误信息的影响。
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引用次数: 0
Global impact of population aging on vision loss prevalence: A population-based study 人口老龄化对全球失明率的影响:基于人口的研究
Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2023-12-25 DOI: 10.1016/j.glt.2023.12.003
Jianqi Chen , Yingting Zhu , Zhidong Li , Xuhao Chen , Xiaohong Chen , Shaofen Huang , Rui Xie , Yuan Zhang , Guitong Ye , Ruiyu Luo , Xinyue Shen , Lifeng Lin , Yehong Zhuo

Background

Vision loss is a leading cause of healthy life loss in late adulthood. We aimed to comprehensively examine the impact of population aging on vision loss prevalence worldwide.

Methods

This population-based study used repeated cross-sectional data on vision loss and its related causes from the Global Burden of Disease 2019 study. We investigated the impact of population aging by decomposing changes in vision loss prevalence into contributions of population growth, population aging, and epidemiological rate changes using the latest decomposition method and comparing the net effect of population aging and epidemiological rate changes.

Results

The global vision loss prevalence attributed to population aging increased from 1991 to 2019, reaching 183.37 million in 2019. In relation to the 19 vision loss causes, the greatest increase in population aging-attributed vision loss prevalence was observed for near vision loss, refraction disorders, and cataract, whereas the contributions of glaucoma, diabetic retinopathy, and age-related macular degeneration were not substantial. The impact of population aging on vision loss prevalence varied greatly worldwide based on development levels. However, in most countries, the increase in vision loss prevalence caused by population aging exceeded far and could not be offset by epidemiological rate variations.

Conclusions

With the aging of the population, vision loss has become one of the most serious public health concerns. It is imperative that policy makers invest more in vision health preventive medicine and implement proven, cost-effective interventions to combat the epidemic of vision loss as the population ages.

背景视力丧失是成年晚期健康寿命损失的主要原因。我们旨在全面研究人口老龄化对全球视力丧失患病率的影响。方法这项基于人口的研究使用了《2019 年全球疾病负担》研究中关于视力丧失及其相关原因的重复横截面数据。我们采用最新的分解方法,将视力损失患病率的变化分解为人口增长、人口老龄化和流行病学率变化的贡献,并比较人口老龄化和流行病学率变化的净影响,从而研究人口老龄化的影响。结果从1991年到2019年,归因于人口老龄化的全球视力损失患病率有所上升,2019年达到1.8337亿。在 19 种视力损失原因中,近视、屈光障碍和白内障造成的人口老龄化导致的视力损失患病率增幅最大,而青光眼、糖尿病视网膜病变和老年性黄斑变性造成的视力损失患病率增幅不大。根据发展水平的不同,人口老龄化对视力损失患病率的影响在世界范围内存在很大差异。然而,在大多数国家,人口老龄化导致的视力丧失患病率的增长远远超过了流行病学比率的变化,而且无法被流行病学比率的变化所抵消。决策者必须加大对视力健康预防医学的投入,并实施行之有效、具有成本效益的干预措施,以应对人口老龄化带来的视力丧失流行问题。
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引用次数: 0
Factors influencing cervical cancer screening among reproductive age group women in India: A multilevel analysis of nationwide survey 2019–2021 影响印度育龄妇女宫颈癌筛查的因素:对 2019-2021 年全国调查的多层面分析
Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2023-12-18 DOI: 10.1016/j.glt.2023.11.003
Jeetendra Yadav , Nilima , Siddharth Kaushik , Nutan Kumari

Trends and factors associated with cervical cancer screening (CCS) among women of reproductive age are essential for designing cancer prevention strategies to reduce mortality. The present study investigates the factors contributing to CCS in India through multilevel modeling on data from women files of the fifth round of the National Family Health Survey (NFHS- 5). Districts, villages, and individuals were considered as the levels under investigation. Age, contraception use, and wealth index impacted the CCS significantly. The percentage of CCS is 1.2, and it varies across socioeconomic factors. The prevalence of cervical cancer screening is high among women in the 30–49 age group, in the rich wealth index, and not utilizing condoms as contraception. The screening percentage was found to be highest in southern states. A pressing need was felt for organizing awareness camps and all-inclusive dissemination of information, especially in the Northern part of India.

育龄妇女宫颈癌筛查(CCS)的趋势和相关因素对于制定癌症预防战略以降低死亡率至关重要。本研究通过对第五轮全国家庭健康调查(NFHS- 5)的妇女档案数据进行多层次建模,调查了印度导致宫颈癌筛查的因素。县、村和个人被视为调查对象。年龄、避孕药具使用情况和财富指数对 CCS 有显著影响。宫颈癌筛查率为 1.2%,不同社会经济因素的影响也不同。宫颈癌筛查在 30-49 岁年龄组、财富指数较高、未使用避孕套避孕的妇女中普及率较高。南部各州的筛查比例最高。人们认为迫切需要组织宣传营和全面的信息传播,特别是在印度北部地区。
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引用次数: 0
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Global Transitions
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