Pub Date : 2024-01-01DOI: 10.1016/j.glt.2024.02.002
Chengyan Qi , Xianyun Wang , Dajun Li, Huini Ding, Jing Shen, Yuning Jiao, Wangziyan Lu, Yuandi Xi
The aim of this study is to clarify the role of physical activity level and physical function on cognitive function of the elderly. A nested case–control investigation from a middle-aged and elderly cognitive health cohort was conducted. 103 mild cognitive impairment (MCI) patients were selected for the purpose of the study and matched 1:1 according to age and sex. Handgrip strength, gait speed and 5-time chair stand test were used to evaluate physical function. The physical activity scale for the elderly (PASE) was used to assess physical activity level. The Montreal cognitive assessment (MoCA) was used to quickly screen the mild cognitive impairment of the subjects. Body composition was estimated by bioelectrical impedance analysis. The total score of MoCA and the scores of different cognitive domains in two groups were different, handgrip strength was lower in the MCI group. Multivariate logistic regression model results showed that handgrip strength decreased could increase the risk of MCI(OR = 3.008, 95%CI: 1.421,6.369), higher PASE score was correlated with lower risk of MCI (OR = 0.402, 95%CI: 0.168,0.966). After combining body composition indices, handgrip strength and PASE score remained significantly associated with the occurrence of MCI, and there is an interaction. Logistic regression models were used for receiver operating characteristic curve analysis, all models demonstrate a good level of predictive performance for MCI. Physical activity level and physical function are associated with mild cognitive impairment. Higher physical activity level, normal handgrip strength are correlated with lower risk of MCI.
{"title":"The role of physical function and physical activity on cognitive function in the elderly","authors":"Chengyan Qi , Xianyun Wang , Dajun Li, Huini Ding, Jing Shen, Yuning Jiao, Wangziyan Lu, Yuandi Xi","doi":"10.1016/j.glt.2024.02.002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.glt.2024.02.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The aim of this study is to clarify the role of physical activity level and physical function on cognitive function of the elderly. A nested case–control investigation from a middle-aged and elderly cognitive health cohort was conducted. 103 mild cognitive impairment (MCI) patients were selected for the purpose of the study and matched 1:1 according to age and sex. Handgrip strength, gait speed and 5-time chair stand test were used to evaluate physical function. The physical activity scale for the elderly (PASE) was used to assess physical activity level. The Montreal cognitive assessment (MoCA) was used to quickly screen the mild cognitive impairment of the subjects. Body composition was estimated by bioelectrical impedance analysis. The total score of MoCA and the scores of different cognitive domains in two groups were different, handgrip strength was lower in the MCI group. Multivariate logistic regression model results showed that handgrip strength decreased could increase the risk of MCI(OR = 3.008, 95%CI: 1.421,6.369), higher PASE score was correlated with lower risk of MCI (OR = 0.402, 95%CI: 0.168,0.966). After combining body composition indices, handgrip strength and PASE score remained significantly associated with the occurrence of MCI, and there is an interaction. Logistic regression models were used for receiver operating characteristic curve analysis, all models demonstrate a good level of predictive performance for MCI. Physical activity level and physical function are associated with mild cognitive impairment. Higher physical activity level, normal handgrip strength are correlated with lower risk of MCI.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":33615,"journal":{"name":"Global Transitions","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2589791824000033/pdfft?md5=bcd333c3eee40b6450a4a0d90661267d&pid=1-s2.0-S2589791824000033-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140187757","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-01DOI: 10.1016/j.glt.2024.09.001
Epidemiological evidence concerning whether exposure to fine particulate matter (PM2.5) and its components was linked to an elevated risk of hospitalizations for chronic kidney disease (CKD) remains insufficient. Moreover, it remains unclear whether ambient temperatures have potential modification effects on PM2.5's impacts. In the current study, we collected a nationwide sample of 2,259,240 hospitalization records for CKD in 260 Chinese cities. The associations between air pollutants and CKD hospitalizations were determined by the space-time-stratified case-crossover design. We further assessed the effects of PM2.5 and its components in three temperature strata [i.e., lowest (<25th), medium (25–75th), and highest (>75th)]. The findings demonstrated the significant and monotonic associations between risk of CKD hospitalizations and exposure to PM2.5, black carbon (BC), sulfate (SO42−), nitrate (NO3−), ammonium (NH4+), and organic matter (OM). For instance, along with an interquartile range increment in PM2.5 (29.47 μg/m3), the relative risks (RR) were 1.016 (95 % confidence interval [CI]:1.012–1.019) at lag 0–4 days. Higher ambient temperature significantly exacerbated the estimated impact of PM2.5 and its components on CKD hospitalizations, while significantly stronger associations were also observed at lower temperature for SO42− and NO3−. The modification effects of non-optimum temperatures varied among different etiologies of CKD and geographic regions. This study provides insights into the joint kidney health effects of climate change and air pollution. These findings highlight the necessity of protection measures against high concentration of PM2.5 and non-optimum temperatures for the vulnerable populations.
{"title":"Non-optimum temperatures modified the associations between PM2.5 and its components and hospitalizations for chronic kidney disease in China","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.glt.2024.09.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.glt.2024.09.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Epidemiological evidence concerning whether exposure to fine particulate matter (PM<sub>2.5</sub>) and its components was linked to an elevated risk of hospitalizations for chronic kidney disease (CKD) remains insufficient. Moreover, it remains unclear whether ambient temperatures have potential modification effects on PM<sub>2.5</sub>'s impacts. In the current study, we collected a nationwide sample of 2,259,240 hospitalization records for CKD in 260 Chinese cities. The associations between air pollutants and CKD hospitalizations were determined by the space-time-stratified case-crossover design. We further assessed the effects of PM<sub>2.5</sub> and its components in three temperature strata [i.e., lowest (<25th), medium (25–75th), and highest (>75th)]. The findings demonstrated the significant and monotonic associations between risk of CKD hospitalizations and exposure to PM<sub>2.5</sub>, black carbon (BC), sulfate (SO<sub>4</sub><sup>2−</sup>), nitrate (NO<sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup>), ammonium (NH<sub>4</sub><sup>+</sup>), and organic matter (OM). For instance, along with an interquartile range increment in PM<sub>2.5</sub> (29.47 μg/m<sup>3</sup>), the relative risks (RR) were 1.016 (95 % confidence interval [CI]:1.012–1.019) at lag 0–4 days. Higher ambient temperature significantly exacerbated the estimated impact of PM<sub>2.5</sub> and its components on CKD hospitalizations, while significantly stronger associations were also observed at lower temperature for SO<sub>4</sub><sup>2−</sup> and NO<sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup>. The modification effects of non-optimum temperatures varied among different etiologies of CKD and geographic regions. This study provides insights into the joint kidney health effects of climate change and air pollution. These findings highlight the necessity of protection measures against high concentration of PM<sub>2.5</sub> and non-optimum temperatures for the vulnerable populations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":33615,"journal":{"name":"Global Transitions","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2589791824000136/pdfft?md5=39c7612de8f48d6d7b1c6c30a20c4d1e&pid=1-s2.0-S2589791824000136-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142315427","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-01DOI: 10.1016/j.glt.2024.10.001
Background
Despite the crucial role of nursing students in managing public health crises, their understanding and attitudes towards monkeypox (mpox) remain underexplored. This study aims to assess nursing students' knowledge, attitudes, anxiety levels, and perceived need for mental healthcare support related to mpox across the UAE, Iraq, and Egypt.
Methods
A cross-sectional survey was conducted with 1,386 nursing students from three universities using non-probability purposive sampling. Participants completed a structured questionnaire covering sociodemographic information, knowledge of mpox, attitudes towards the disease, levels of anxiety, and perceived mental healthcare needs. Knowledge was categorized into poor, fair, and good, attitudes into negative, neutral, and positive, and anxiety into low, moderate, and high levels. Data were analysed for correlations using Pearson's correlation coefficient and statistical tests. We performed multivariate regression analysis to find odd ratios of assessed parameters against several sociodemographic variables.
Results
Among the participants, 21.8 % demonstrated good knowledge of mpox, while 53.4 % had moderate or fair knowledge and 24.8 % had poor knowledge. Attitudes were predominantly neutral (44.7 %) or negative (36 %), and 57.2 % reported moderate anxiety. Approximately 33 % of students felt a significant need for mental healthcare support. Knowledge correlated positively with attitudes and negatively with anxiety and perceived mental healthcare needs. Attitudes also negatively correlated with perceived mental healthcare needs.
Conclusion
The neutral or negative attitudes towards mpox suggest a need for enhanced educational interventions. Addressing these gaps through targeted training programs could improve knowledge, foster positive attitudes, and mitigate anxiety, thereby better preparing future healthcare professionals for emerging health threats.
{"title":"Assessment of knowledge, attitude, anxiety level and perceived mental healthcare needs toward mpox infection among nursing students: A multi-center cross-sectional study","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.glt.2024.10.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.glt.2024.10.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Despite the crucial role of nursing students in managing public health crises, their understanding and attitudes towards monkeypox (mpox) remain underexplored. This study aims to assess nursing students' knowledge, attitudes, anxiety levels, and perceived need for mental healthcare support related to mpox across the UAE, Iraq, and Egypt.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A cross-sectional survey was conducted with 1,386 nursing students from three universities using non-probability purposive sampling. Participants completed a structured questionnaire covering sociodemographic information, knowledge of mpox, attitudes towards the disease, levels of anxiety, and perceived mental healthcare needs. Knowledge was categorized into poor, fair, and good, attitudes into negative, neutral, and positive, and anxiety into low, moderate, and high levels. Data were analysed for correlations using Pearson's correlation coefficient and statistical tests. We performed multivariate regression analysis to find odd ratios of assessed parameters against several sociodemographic variables.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Among the participants, 21.8 % demonstrated good knowledge of mpox, while 53.4 % had moderate or fair knowledge and 24.8 % had poor knowledge. Attitudes were predominantly neutral (44.7 %) or negative (36 %), and 57.2 % reported moderate anxiety. Approximately 33 % of students felt a significant need for mental healthcare support. Knowledge correlated positively with attitudes and negatively with anxiety and perceived mental healthcare needs. Attitudes also negatively correlated with perceived mental healthcare needs.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>The neutral or negative attitudes towards mpox suggest a need for enhanced educational interventions. Addressing these gaps through targeted training programs could improve knowledge, foster positive attitudes, and mitigate anxiety, thereby better preparing future healthcare professionals for emerging health threats.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":33615,"journal":{"name":"Global Transitions","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142442561","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-01DOI: 10.1016/j.glt.2024.06.002
Aktam U. Burkhanov , Elena G. Popkova , Diana R. Galoyan , Tatul M. Mkrtchyan , Bruno S. Sergi
This paper delves into the critical issues of individual health, environmental health, and public health, which are all interconnected in the complex web of food security in emerging countries. Leveraging data from the top 10 countries with the lowest climate index values according to the Numbeo ranking, this article introduces a groundbreaking deep learning algorithm. This algorithm has the potential to revolutionize agricultural productivity and food security in the face of climate change, filling the gap in research on deep learning in agriculture. By enabling intelligent management, this algorithm could boost yields in agriculture, rendering it less dependent on climatic factors and ensuring the effectiveness of digital modernization. Furthermore, we explore the promising benefits of restoring ancient irrigation systems to elevate productivity levels. Our study provides definitive insights into deep learning techniques for yield prediction and productivity enhancement, offering a beacon of hope for the future of food security in emerging economies.
{"title":"Deep learning, irrigation enhancement, and agricultural economics for ensuring food security in emerging economies","authors":"Aktam U. Burkhanov , Elena G. Popkova , Diana R. Galoyan , Tatul M. Mkrtchyan , Bruno S. Sergi","doi":"10.1016/j.glt.2024.06.002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.glt.2024.06.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This paper delves into the critical issues of individual health, environmental health, and public health, which are all interconnected in the complex web of food security in emerging countries. Leveraging data from the top 10 countries with the lowest climate index values according to the Numbeo ranking, this article introduces a groundbreaking deep learning algorithm. This algorithm has the potential to revolutionize agricultural productivity and food security in the face of climate change, filling the gap in research on deep learning in agriculture. By enabling intelligent management, this algorithm could boost yields in agriculture, rendering it less dependent on climatic factors and ensuring the effectiveness of digital modernization. Furthermore, we explore the promising benefits of restoring ancient irrigation systems to elevate productivity levels. Our study provides definitive insights into deep learning techniques for yield prediction and productivity enhancement, offering a beacon of hope for the future of food security in emerging economies.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":33615,"journal":{"name":"Global Transitions","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2589791824000094/pdfft?md5=9d9a935a60f9a7e128fe522ac6fc1fc3&pid=1-s2.0-S2589791824000094-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141485060","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-01DOI: 10.1016/j.glt.2024.09.002
Objectives
Mental health disorders are major public health problems confronting millions of people globally as well as in Africa. While these disorders can negatively affect the economic productivity of affected persons which can reduce economic growth, to the best of our knowledge, empirical evidence in this regard is sparse, with none emanating from the African continent. This study therefore examines the individual and combined (interaction) effects of mental health disorders and labour productivity on economic growth in Africa.
Methods
The study uses data comprising 45 African countries over the period, 2002–2019. Prevalence of schizophrenia, depression, dysthymia, bipolar and anxiety are the mental health disorders used while the log difference between the current year's real Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and the past year's real GDP is used to measure economic growth. Labour productivity is measured by the rate of growth in output (GDP) per worker. The system Generalised Method of Moments (GMM) regression is used as the estimation technique.
Results
The study finds that, in both the short-and long-run periods, while all the mental health disorders have negative significant effects on economic growth, the effect of labour productivity on economic growth is positive and significant. However, the interactions of each of the mental health disorders with labour productivity are found to have negative significant effects on economic growth in both the short-and long-run periods.
Conclusion
There is therefore the need to enhance awareness about mental health disorders as well as access to effective and quality mental healthcare to reduce the associated enormous economic losses.
{"title":"Interaction effects of mental health disorders and labour productivity on economic growth in Africa","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.glt.2024.09.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.glt.2024.09.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>Mental health disorders are major public health problems confronting millions of people globally as well as in Africa. While these disorders can negatively affect the economic productivity of affected persons which can reduce economic growth, to the best of our knowledge, empirical evidence in this regard is sparse, with none emanating from the African continent. This study therefore examines the individual and combined (interaction) effects of mental health disorders and labour productivity on economic growth in Africa.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>The study uses data comprising 45 African countries over the period, 2002–2019. Prevalence of schizophrenia, depression, dysthymia, bipolar and anxiety are the mental health disorders used while the log difference between the current year's real Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and the past year's real GDP is used to measure economic growth. Labour productivity is measured by the rate of growth in output (GDP) per worker. The system Generalised Method of Moments (GMM) regression is used as the estimation technique.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The study finds that, in both the short-and long-run periods, while all the mental health disorders have negative significant effects on economic growth, the effect of labour productivity on economic growth is positive and significant. However, the interactions of each of the mental health disorders with labour productivity are found to have negative significant effects on economic growth in both the short-and long-run periods.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>There is therefore the need to enhance awareness about mental health disorders as well as access to effective and quality mental healthcare to reduce the associated enormous economic losses.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":33615,"journal":{"name":"Global Transitions","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142537141","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Amid the challenges posed by the global COVID-19 pandemic, understanding how the crisis shapes people' environmental behaviours and consciousness becomes paramount. This study aimed to unravel the implications of the global pandemic on individuals' environmental protection activities, environmentally prioritized attitudes, and confidence in future environmental protection movements.
Methods
By combing detailed COVID-19 surveillance data from the World Health Organization and the Integrated Values Surveys, this study analysed information from 54,951 participants aged 15 years and above across 18 countries spanning 6 continents. Utilizing the global pandemic as a natural experiment, Logistic regressions with Difference-in-Difference (DID) models were employed for a robust estimation of the pandemic's effects on environmental outcomes.
Results
The findings revealed a notable reduction in the likelihood of environmental protection activities among individuals (adjusted OR: 0.34, 95% CI: 0.23–0.51). However, pandemic exposure was linked to an increased environmentally prioritized attitude (1.35, 1.18–1.54) and enhanced confidence in environmental protection movements (1.16, 1.01–1.32). Notably, the beneficial effects of the pandemic on environmental attitudes (1.42, 1.21–1.67) and confidence (1.19, 1.01–1.39) were significantly observed exclusively among younger individuals and women exhibited heightened sensitivity to the pandemic's positive impact on environmental attitudes (1.55, 1.30–1.86), while men displayed increased sensitivity in confidence regarding future environmental movements (1.23, 1.00–1.50).
Conclusions
This study contributes valuable insights to the existing literature by elucidating the intricate relationship between global crises and individual environmental protection. The evidence generated provides policymakers with essential information for formulating comprehensive post-pandemic strategies aimed at jointly promoting and achieving high-quality development of the population and the environmental dimension of SDGs.
{"title":"The impact of the global COVID-19 pandemic exposure on current and future worldwide environmental protection across 18 nations in 6 continents","authors":"Chao Guo , Huameng Tang , Mingxing Wang , Tingting Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.glt.2024.02.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.glt.2024.02.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><p>Amid the challenges posed by the global COVID-19 pandemic, understanding how the crisis shapes people' environmental behaviours and consciousness becomes paramount. This study aimed to unravel the implications of the global pandemic on individuals' environmental protection activities, environmentally prioritized attitudes, and confidence in future environmental protection movements.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>By combing detailed COVID-19 surveillance data from the World Health Organization and the Integrated Values Surveys, this study analysed information from 54,951 participants aged 15 years and above across 18 countries spanning 6 continents. Utilizing the global pandemic as a natural experiment, Logistic regressions with Difference-in-Difference (DID) models were employed for a robust estimation of the pandemic's effects on environmental outcomes.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>The findings revealed a notable reduction in the likelihood of environmental protection activities among individuals (adjusted OR: 0.34, 95% CI: 0.23–0.51). However, pandemic exposure was linked to an increased environmentally prioritized attitude (1.35, 1.18–1.54) and enhanced confidence in environmental protection movements (1.16, 1.01–1.32). Notably, the beneficial effects of the pandemic on environmental attitudes (1.42, 1.21–1.67) and confidence (1.19, 1.01–1.39) were significantly observed exclusively among younger individuals and women exhibited heightened sensitivity to the pandemic's positive impact on environmental attitudes (1.55, 1.30–1.86), while men displayed increased sensitivity in confidence regarding future environmental movements (1.23, 1.00–1.50).</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>This study contributes valuable insights to the existing literature by elucidating the intricate relationship between global crises and individual environmental protection. The evidence generated provides policymakers with essential information for formulating comprehensive post-pandemic strategies aimed at jointly promoting and achieving high-quality development of the population and the environmental dimension of SDGs.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":33615,"journal":{"name":"Global Transitions","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2589791824000021/pdfft?md5=7c8800b437a87c969335d1b1cc4f8d27&pid=1-s2.0-S2589791824000021-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140000217","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-01DOI: 10.1016/j.glt.2024.05.001
Weiling Tang , Min Yu , Guoxia Bai , Chunliang Zhou , Ruilin Meng , Biao Huang , Weiwei Gong , Zhulin Hou , Jianxiong Hu , Guanhao He , Lifeng Lin , Yanfang Guo , Juanjuan Zhang , Qijiong Zhu , Zhiqing Chen , Siwen Yu , Yuan Zheng , Yayi Li , Jiahong Xu , Xiaofeng Liang , Tao Liu
Background
Although the health impacts of ambient ozone (O3) have been widely assessed, studies simultaneously investigating the acute and chronic effects of O3 on mortality from respiratory diseases (RESP) are scarce.
Methods
We extracted personal information of all recorded deaths from RESP throughout 2013–2018 in six provinces in China. The daily, seasonal, and annual mean air pollutant concentrations at the township/subdistrict level were estimated by a random forest model. The acute association between the maximum daily average 8h ozone (MDA8 O3) and RESP mortality was examined by a time-stratified case-crossover study design, and the chronic association was estimated by a difference-in-differences (DID) analysis approach. We also calculated the attributable fraction (AF) of RESP mortality attributable to MDA8 O3.
Results
There were 1,034,226 RESP deaths included in this study. The excess risks (ERs) of overall RESP mortality for each 10 μg/m3 increase in short-term (lag03 days) and long-term (one-year average) exposure to MDA8 O3 were 0.38 % (95%CI: 0.26 %, 0.50 %) and 4.37 % (3.91 %, 4.84 %), respectively. The AFs of overall RESP mortality ascribed to short- and long-term MDA8 O3 exposures were 3.00 % (2.03 %, 3.95 %) and 29.45 % (26.86 %, 31.95 %), respectively. The average annual number of RESP deaths attributable to short-term MDA8 O3 exposure was 30,790 and 302,254 were attributable to long-term MDA8 O3 exposure across China during 2013–2018.
Conclusion
Both short- and long-term exposure to ambient MDA8 O3 were positively associated with RESP mortality, and long-term exposure to MDA8 O3 may lead to a greater RESP mortality burden than short-term exposure to MDA8 O3.
{"title":"Ambient ozone and mortality from respiratory diseases: A nationwide analysis in China","authors":"Weiling Tang , Min Yu , Guoxia Bai , Chunliang Zhou , Ruilin Meng , Biao Huang , Weiwei Gong , Zhulin Hou , Jianxiong Hu , Guanhao He , Lifeng Lin , Yanfang Guo , Juanjuan Zhang , Qijiong Zhu , Zhiqing Chen , Siwen Yu , Yuan Zheng , Yayi Li , Jiahong Xu , Xiaofeng Liang , Tao Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.glt.2024.05.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.glt.2024.05.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Although the health impacts of ambient ozone (O<sub>3</sub>) have been widely assessed, studies simultaneously investigating the acute and chronic effects of O<sub>3</sub> on mortality from respiratory diseases (RESP) are scarce.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>We extracted personal information of all recorded deaths from RESP throughout 2013–2018 in six provinces in China. The daily, seasonal, and annual mean air pollutant concentrations at the township/subdistrict level were estimated by a random forest model. The acute association between the maximum daily average 8h ozone (MDA8 O<sub>3</sub>) and RESP mortality was examined by a time-stratified case-crossover study design, and the chronic association was estimated by a difference-in-differences (DID) analysis approach. We also calculated the attributable fraction (AF) of RESP mortality attributable to MDA8 O<sub>3</sub>.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>There were 1,034,226 RESP deaths included in this study. The excess risks (ERs) of overall RESP mortality for each 10 μg/m<sup>3</sup> increase in short-term (lag03 days) and long-term (one-year average) exposure to MDA8 O<sub>3</sub> were 0.38 % (95%CI: 0.26 %, 0.50 %) and 4.37 % (3.91 %, 4.84 %), respectively. The AFs of overall RESP mortality ascribed to short- and long-term MDA8 O<sub>3</sub> exposures were 3.00 % (2.03 %, 3.95 %) and 29.45 % (26.86 %, 31.95 %), respectively. The average annual number of RESP deaths attributable to short-term MDA8 O<sub>3</sub> exposure was 30,790 and 302,254 were attributable to long-term MDA8 O<sub>3</sub> exposure across China during 2013–2018.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>Both short- and long-term exposure to ambient MDA8 O<sub>3</sub> were positively associated with RESP mortality, and long-term exposure to MDA8 O<sub>3</sub> may lead to a greater RESP mortality burden than short-term exposure to MDA8 O<sub>3</sub>.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":33615,"journal":{"name":"Global Transitions","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2589791824000057/pdfft?md5=a83203651975d723284006e710d98413&pid=1-s2.0-S2589791824000057-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141072662","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-01DOI: 10.1016/j.glt.2024.05.003
Araz Ramazan Ahmad , Ahmed Omar Bali
Background
A low COVID-19 vaccination rate has been observed in some countries. Misinformation regarding COVID-19 vaccines is commonly available on social media. This study aims to conduct an empirical, in-depth analysis of the digital space, particularly misinformation regarding COVID-19 vaccines across social media, including socio-demographic factors on COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy. This provides opportunities to set policies to properly utilize social media in public health and vaccination.
Methods
A web-based questionnaire was administered to elicit responses from social media users ages 15 years and older. Data regarding the level of social media usage, attitudes toward information on social media, and COVID-19 vaccines were collected.
Results
A total of 2231 people completed the questionnaire. The majority of the participants were concerned about the negative consequences of taking COVID-19 vaccines, but they had more confidence in the aspects of vaccine safety, importance, and effectiveness. Social media is not considered a credible channel to disseminate information about COVID-19, its vaccination, and its consequences, with females expressing a higher level of distrust. People who are spending more time using social media tend not to believe in vaccination in terms of safety and importance.
Conclusions
Social media has played a negative role and led to vaccine hesitancy among the public, especially young people. Public health institutions should establish health education initiatives using both traditional and social media platforms to immunize the public against misinformation.
{"title":"Relationships between social media usage, attitudes toward information on social media, and COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy","authors":"Araz Ramazan Ahmad , Ahmed Omar Bali","doi":"10.1016/j.glt.2024.05.003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.glt.2024.05.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>A low COVID-19 vaccination rate has been observed in some countries. Misinformation regarding COVID-19 vaccines is commonly available on social media. This study aims to conduct an empirical, in-depth analysis of the digital space, particularly misinformation regarding COVID-19 vaccines across social media, including socio-demographic factors on COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy. This provides opportunities to set policies to properly utilize social media in public health and vaccination.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>A web-based questionnaire was administered to elicit responses from social media users ages 15 years and older. Data regarding the level of social media usage, attitudes toward information on social media, and COVID-19 vaccines were collected.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>A total of 2231 people completed the questionnaire. The majority of the participants were concerned about the negative consequences of taking COVID-19 vaccines, but they had more confidence in the aspects of vaccine safety, importance, and effectiveness. Social media is not considered a credible channel to disseminate information about COVID-19, its vaccination, and its consequences, with females expressing a higher level of distrust. People who are spending more time using social media tend not to believe in vaccination in terms of safety and importance.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>Social media has played a negative role and led to vaccine hesitancy among the public, especially young people. Public health institutions should establish health education initiatives using both traditional and social media platforms to immunize the public against misinformation.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":33615,"journal":{"name":"Global Transitions","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2589791824000070/pdfft?md5=60ab74dc12ec0cdd724da1042ab35747&pid=1-s2.0-S2589791824000070-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141298248","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-25DOI: 10.1016/j.glt.2023.12.003
Jianqi Chen , Yingting Zhu , Zhidong Li , Xuhao Chen , Xiaohong Chen , Shaofen Huang , Rui Xie , Yuan Zhang , Guitong Ye , Ruiyu Luo , Xinyue Shen , Lifeng Lin , Yehong Zhuo
Background
Vision loss is a leading cause of healthy life loss in late adulthood. We aimed to comprehensively examine the impact of population aging on vision loss prevalence worldwide.
Methods
This population-based study used repeated cross-sectional data on vision loss and its related causes from the Global Burden of Disease 2019 study. We investigated the impact of population aging by decomposing changes in vision loss prevalence into contributions of population growth, population aging, and epidemiological rate changes using the latest decomposition method and comparing the net effect of population aging and epidemiological rate changes.
Results
The global vision loss prevalence attributed to population aging increased from 1991 to 2019, reaching 183.37 million in 2019. In relation to the 19 vision loss causes, the greatest increase in population aging-attributed vision loss prevalence was observed for near vision loss, refraction disorders, and cataract, whereas the contributions of glaucoma, diabetic retinopathy, and age-related macular degeneration were not substantial. The impact of population aging on vision loss prevalence varied greatly worldwide based on development levels. However, in most countries, the increase in vision loss prevalence caused by population aging exceeded far and could not be offset by epidemiological rate variations.
Conclusions
With the aging of the population, vision loss has become one of the most serious public health concerns. It is imperative that policy makers invest more in vision health preventive medicine and implement proven, cost-effective interventions to combat the epidemic of vision loss as the population ages.
{"title":"Global impact of population aging on vision loss prevalence: A population-based study","authors":"Jianqi Chen , Yingting Zhu , Zhidong Li , Xuhao Chen , Xiaohong Chen , Shaofen Huang , Rui Xie , Yuan Zhang , Guitong Ye , Ruiyu Luo , Xinyue Shen , Lifeng Lin , Yehong Zhuo","doi":"10.1016/j.glt.2023.12.003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.glt.2023.12.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Vision loss is a leading cause of healthy life loss in late adulthood. We aimed to comprehensively examine the impact of population aging on vision loss prevalence worldwide.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>This population-based study used repeated cross-sectional data on vision loss and its related causes from the Global Burden of Disease 2019 study. We investigated the impact of population aging by decomposing changes in vision loss prevalence into contributions of population growth, population aging, and epidemiological rate changes using the latest decomposition method and comparing the net effect of population aging and epidemiological rate changes.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>The global vision loss prevalence attributed to population aging increased from 1991 to 2019, reaching 183.37 million in 2019. In relation to the 19 vision loss causes, the greatest increase in population aging-attributed vision loss prevalence was observed for near vision loss, refraction disorders, and cataract, whereas the contributions of glaucoma, diabetic retinopathy, and age-related macular degeneration were not substantial. The impact of population aging on vision loss prevalence varied greatly worldwide based on development levels. However, in most countries, the increase in vision loss prevalence caused by population aging exceeded far and could not be offset by epidemiological rate variations.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>With the aging of the population, vision loss has become one of the most serious public health concerns. It is imperative that policy makers invest more in vision health preventive medicine and implement proven, cost-effective interventions to combat the epidemic of vision loss as the population ages.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":33615,"journal":{"name":"Global Transitions","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2589791823000403/pdfft?md5=b4100b7fd04def055d043f9074335ad9&pid=1-s2.0-S2589791823000403-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139050460","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Trends and factors associated with cervical cancer screening (CCS) among women of reproductive age are essential for designing cancer prevention strategies to reduce mortality. The present study investigates the factors contributing to CCS in India through multilevel modeling on data from women files of the fifth round of the National Family Health Survey (NFHS- 5). Districts, villages, and individuals were considered as the levels under investigation. Age, contraception use, and wealth index impacted the CCS significantly. The percentage of CCS is 1.2, and it varies across socioeconomic factors. The prevalence of cervical cancer screening is high among women in the 30–49 age group, in the rich wealth index, and not utilizing condoms as contraception. The screening percentage was found to be highest in southern states. A pressing need was felt for organizing awareness camps and all-inclusive dissemination of information, especially in the Northern part of India.
{"title":"Factors influencing cervical cancer screening among reproductive age group women in India: A multilevel analysis of nationwide survey 2019–2021","authors":"Jeetendra Yadav , Nilima , Siddharth Kaushik , Nutan Kumari","doi":"10.1016/j.glt.2023.11.003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.glt.2023.11.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Trends and factors associated with cervical cancer screening (CCS) among women of reproductive age are essential for designing cancer prevention strategies to reduce mortality. The present study investigates the factors contributing to CCS in India through multilevel modeling on data from women files of the fifth round of the National Family Health Survey (NFHS- 5). Districts, villages, and individuals were considered as the levels under investigation. Age, contraception use, and wealth index impacted the CCS significantly. The percentage of CCS is 1.2, and it varies across socioeconomic factors. The prevalence of cervical cancer screening is high among women in the 30–49 age group, in the rich wealth index, and not utilizing condoms as contraception. The screening percentage was found to be highest in southern states. A pressing need was felt for organizing awareness camps and all-inclusive dissemination of information, especially in the Northern part of India.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":33615,"journal":{"name":"Global Transitions","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2589791823000373/pdfft?md5=d875a824379f4d640197f4f049d420e4&pid=1-s2.0-S2589791823000373-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138739039","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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