Pub Date : 2023-12-07DOI: 10.3389/fclim.2023.1284400
Dinara R. Ziganshina
This article examines existing arrangements for the operation, maintenance and construction of water infrastructure of interstate use in Central Asia. The Central Asian countries take diverse approaches to joint management of key water infrastructure of interstate use, with some country owned facilities operated by regional organizations, some owned and operated by the country of location with operation and maintenance cost shared with another country and others owned, operated and funded by the country other than country of location. This diversity is due to the need to accommodate to new political, socio-economic and technical circumstances after gaining independence in 1992. The findings suggest that achievements on coordinated management of water infrastructure largely built in the Soviet time should be further strengthened in terms of better financial and technical mechanisms. It is also important to agree on region-specific provisions on prior notification procedures in cases of proposed use on transboundary rivers that might have a transboundary impact and on the joint and mutually beneficial construction of new facilities of interstate use.
{"title":"Water infrastructure in Central Asia: legal and institutional frameworks","authors":"Dinara R. Ziganshina","doi":"10.3389/fclim.2023.1284400","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fclim.2023.1284400","url":null,"abstract":"This article examines existing arrangements for the operation, maintenance and construction of water infrastructure of interstate use in Central Asia. The Central Asian countries take diverse approaches to joint management of key water infrastructure of interstate use, with some country owned facilities operated by regional organizations, some owned and operated by the country of location with operation and maintenance cost shared with another country and others owned, operated and funded by the country other than country of location. This diversity is due to the need to accommodate to new political, socio-economic and technical circumstances after gaining independence in 1992. The findings suggest that achievements on coordinated management of water infrastructure largely built in the Soviet time should be further strengthened in terms of better financial and technical mechanisms. It is also important to agree on region-specific provisions on prior notification procedures in cases of proposed use on transboundary rivers that might have a transboundary impact and on the joint and mutually beneficial construction of new facilities of interstate use.","PeriodicalId":33632,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Climate","volume":"43 25","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138594054","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-06DOI: 10.3389/fclim.2023.1284829
Alice J. Twomey, Timothy L. Staples, Amelia Remmerswaal, Ananth Wuppukondur, Catherine E Lovelock
Mangrove forests are degraded by extreme climatic events worldwide, often leaving behind dead standing stems called “ghost forests”. Ghost forests may provide opportunities for seagrass colonization but there is limited research into the conditions found within these ecosystems, or whether they provide a suitable habitat for seagrasses. This study aimed to characterize the environmental conditions within mangrove ghost forests, determine whether conditions are suitable for seagrass survival, and identify whether seagrass was present within the ghost forests of Moreton Bay, Queensland. Six study locations within mangrove ghost forests adjacent to live mangrove forests and seagrass meadows were selected and biophysical conditions within these habitats over the six sites were assessed. Two of the six study sites were found to have live seagrass present within the ghost forests (Godwin Beach and South Stradbroke). Suitable water temperature was linked to the presence and abundance of seagrass within mangrove ghost forests. Mangrove characteristics, including canopy cover, diameter at breast height, and stem densities, contributed to variation in the environment among the three habitats, suggesting that light is a key factor limiting seagrass colonization into live or ghost mangrove forests. Overall, these results suggest that ghost forests can provide suitable habitats for seagrasses, and degraded mangroves may transition to seagrass under future sea level rise scenarios.
{"title":"Mangrove ghost forests provide opportunities for seagrass","authors":"Alice J. Twomey, Timothy L. Staples, Amelia Remmerswaal, Ananth Wuppukondur, Catherine E Lovelock","doi":"10.3389/fclim.2023.1284829","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fclim.2023.1284829","url":null,"abstract":"Mangrove forests are degraded by extreme climatic events worldwide, often leaving behind dead standing stems called “ghost forests”. Ghost forests may provide opportunities for seagrass colonization but there is limited research into the conditions found within these ecosystems, or whether they provide a suitable habitat for seagrasses. This study aimed to characterize the environmental conditions within mangrove ghost forests, determine whether conditions are suitable for seagrass survival, and identify whether seagrass was present within the ghost forests of Moreton Bay, Queensland. Six study locations within mangrove ghost forests adjacent to live mangrove forests and seagrass meadows were selected and biophysical conditions within these habitats over the six sites were assessed. Two of the six study sites were found to have live seagrass present within the ghost forests (Godwin Beach and South Stradbroke). Suitable water temperature was linked to the presence and abundance of seagrass within mangrove ghost forests. Mangrove characteristics, including canopy cover, diameter at breast height, and stem densities, contributed to variation in the environment among the three habitats, suggesting that light is a key factor limiting seagrass colonization into live or ghost mangrove forests. Overall, these results suggest that ghost forests can provide suitable habitats for seagrasses, and degraded mangroves may transition to seagrass under future sea level rise scenarios.","PeriodicalId":33632,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Climate","volume":"53 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138595600","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-06DOI: 10.3389/fclim.2023.1283305
Maddi Richard, P. Quijón
The number of reports highlighting the services provided by seagrass beds continues to be matched by those reporting on local seagrass declines across the world coastlines. Among the many factors driving the fate of seagrass beds, this Mini Review focuses on the interactions between seagrasses and algae, more specifically, macroalgae. Seagrasses are known to respond to sudden increases in co-occurring macroalgae, and the ongoing warming of ocean waters suggests that these interactions are most likely to grow in frequency and possibly in intensity in the decades ahead. What remains unclear is the nature (positive, neutral, negative) and the local outcome of those interactions. We examined the published evidence on explicit seagrass-algal interactions and found that in most cases these interactions have been negative, with seagrass species most often found at a competitive disadvantage with regards to macroalgae. Rising ocean temperatures are likely to add to this imbalance as at least some studies already suggest that the negative effects of macroalgae and warming are either additive or synergistic. The further examination of these effects will help predict likely future scenarios and aid in the prioritization of conservations efforts.
{"title":"Seagrass-macroalgal interactions in a changing ocean","authors":"Maddi Richard, P. Quijón","doi":"10.3389/fclim.2023.1283305","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fclim.2023.1283305","url":null,"abstract":"The number of reports highlighting the services provided by seagrass beds continues to be matched by those reporting on local seagrass declines across the world coastlines. Among the many factors driving the fate of seagrass beds, this Mini Review focuses on the interactions between seagrasses and algae, more specifically, macroalgae. Seagrasses are known to respond to sudden increases in co-occurring macroalgae, and the ongoing warming of ocean waters suggests that these interactions are most likely to grow in frequency and possibly in intensity in the decades ahead. What remains unclear is the nature (positive, neutral, negative) and the local outcome of those interactions. We examined the published evidence on explicit seagrass-algal interactions and found that in most cases these interactions have been negative, with seagrass species most often found at a competitive disadvantage with regards to macroalgae. Rising ocean temperatures are likely to add to this imbalance as at least some studies already suggest that the negative effects of macroalgae and warming are either additive or synergistic. The further examination of these effects will help predict likely future scenarios and aid in the prioritization of conservations efforts.","PeriodicalId":33632,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Climate","volume":"17 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138597244","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-04DOI: 10.3389/fclim.2023.1273770
Iuliia Polkova, D. Swingedouw, L. Hermanson, A. Köhl, D. Stammer, Doug M. Smith, J. Kröger, I. Bethke, Xiaosong Yang, Liping Zhang, D. Nicolì, P. Athanasiadis, M. Karami, K. Pankatz, H. Pohlmann, Bo Wu, R. Bilbao, Pablo Ortega, Shuting Yang, R. Sospedra‐Alfonso, W. Merryfield, T. Kataoka, H. Tatebe, Yukiko Imada, M. Ishii, R. Matear
Due to large northward heat transport, the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation (AMOC) strongly affects the climate of various regions. Its internal variability has been shown to be predictable decades ahead within climate models, providing the hope that synchronizing ocean circulation with observations can improve decadal predictions, notably of the North Atlantic subpolar gyre (SPG). Climate predictions require a starting point which is a reconstruction of the past climate. This is usually performed with data assimilation methods that blend available observations and climate model states together. There is no unique method to derive the initial conditions. Moreover, this can be performed using full-field observations or their anomalies superimposed on the model's climatology to avoid strong drifts in predictions. How critical ocean circulation drifts are for prediction skill has not been assessed yet. We analyze this possible connection using the dataset of 12 decadal prediction systems from the World Meteorological Organization Lead Centre for Annual-to-Decadal Climate Prediction. We find a variety of initial AMOC errors within the predictions related to a dynamically imbalanced ocean states leading to strongly displaced or multiple maxima in the overturning structures. This likely results in a blend of what is known as model drift and initial shock. We identify that the AMOC initialization influences the quality of the SPG predictions. When predictions show a large initial error in their AMOC, they usually have low skill for predicting internal variability of the SPG for a time horizon of 6-10 years. Full-field initialized predictions with low AMOC drift show better SPG skill than those with a large AMOC drift. Nevertheless, while the anomaly-initialized predictions do not experience large drifts, they show low SPG skill when skill also present in historical runs is removed using a residual correlation metric. Thus, reducing initial shock and model biases for the ocean circulation in prediction systems might help to improve their prediction for the SPG beyond 5 years. Climate predictions could also benefit from quality-check procedure for assimilation/initialization because currently the research groups only reveal the problems in initialization once the set of predictions has been completed, which is an expensive effort.
{"title":"Initialization shock in the ocean circulation reduces skill in decadal predictions of the North Atlantic subpolar gyre","authors":"Iuliia Polkova, D. Swingedouw, L. Hermanson, A. Köhl, D. Stammer, Doug M. Smith, J. Kröger, I. Bethke, Xiaosong Yang, Liping Zhang, D. Nicolì, P. Athanasiadis, M. Karami, K. Pankatz, H. Pohlmann, Bo Wu, R. Bilbao, Pablo Ortega, Shuting Yang, R. Sospedra‐Alfonso, W. Merryfield, T. Kataoka, H. Tatebe, Yukiko Imada, M. Ishii, R. Matear","doi":"10.3389/fclim.2023.1273770","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fclim.2023.1273770","url":null,"abstract":"Due to large northward heat transport, the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation (AMOC) strongly affects the climate of various regions. Its internal variability has been shown to be predictable decades ahead within climate models, providing the hope that synchronizing ocean circulation with observations can improve decadal predictions, notably of the North Atlantic subpolar gyre (SPG). Climate predictions require a starting point which is a reconstruction of the past climate. This is usually performed with data assimilation methods that blend available observations and climate model states together. There is no unique method to derive the initial conditions. Moreover, this can be performed using full-field observations or their anomalies superimposed on the model's climatology to avoid strong drifts in predictions. How critical ocean circulation drifts are for prediction skill has not been assessed yet. We analyze this possible connection using the dataset of 12 decadal prediction systems from the World Meteorological Organization Lead Centre for Annual-to-Decadal Climate Prediction. We find a variety of initial AMOC errors within the predictions related to a dynamically imbalanced ocean states leading to strongly displaced or multiple maxima in the overturning structures. This likely results in a blend of what is known as model drift and initial shock. We identify that the AMOC initialization influences the quality of the SPG predictions. When predictions show a large initial error in their AMOC, they usually have low skill for predicting internal variability of the SPG for a time horizon of 6-10 years. Full-field initialized predictions with low AMOC drift show better SPG skill than those with a large AMOC drift. Nevertheless, while the anomaly-initialized predictions do not experience large drifts, they show low SPG skill when skill also present in historical runs is removed using a residual correlation metric. Thus, reducing initial shock and model biases for the ocean circulation in prediction systems might help to improve their prediction for the SPG beyond 5 years. Climate predictions could also benefit from quality-check procedure for assimilation/initialization because currently the research groups only reveal the problems in initialization once the set of predictions has been completed, which is an expensive effort.","PeriodicalId":33632,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Climate","volume":"78 16","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138604642","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-30DOI: 10.3389/fclim.2023.1231794
Viviana Ramirez-Loaiza
The psychological impacts of the climate crisis and its triggers can have long-lasting consequences for public mental health. Many indigenous communities have an in-depth understanding of these impacts, and some of their filmmakers have depicted them through their audiovisual work. By challenging colonial perspectives, these indigenous filmmakers offer invaluable insights into how communities might navigate into adaptation and recovery to cope with the challenges brought about by climate change. Unfortunately, audiovisual work has often been overlooked in climate-related disaster studies despite its significant contributions. Drawing on community-based feminism and the decolonial turn, I sought to explore the healing practices employed by communities in Upper Xingu, Brazil, through the practice of indigenous filmmaker Takumã Kuikuro. To achieve this, I drew on audiovisual analysis of Takumã Kuikuro’s documentaries and records (short videos) from the decolonial panorama. Additionally, I conducted semi-structured interviews with the filmmaker and three members of the People’s Palace Projects, who have worked closely with Takumã, culminating in a validation meeting. I highlight three key findings for this article: (i) healing through rituals as esthetic and ethical-sacred practices within the territory, (ii) bodies in collectivism, and (iii) cascading effects on healing audiences: weaving networks from reciprocities. In seeking a discussion of the findings, I contend that there is an inextricable bond between the community-based healing responses to the climate crisis shown by Takumã’s lenses and the Politics of the Bodies proposed by the Colombian philosopher Laura Quintana, allowing us to frame the decolonial understanding of healing as a political and collective action both within and with territories. Therefore, placing the indigenous cinema as a source of knowledge will enable us to bring community-based discussions that disaster risk reduction has neglected due to its embeddedness in epistemic injustice, from which at-risk communities have been predominantly seen as incapable of knowing their geographies. The rituals and collaborative practices grounded in reciprocity demonstrate forms of adaptation in which mental health becomes a collective responsibility woven into nature at its core.
气候危机及其诱因造成的心理影响会对公众的心理健康产生长期后果。许多原住民社区对这些影响有着深入的了解，他们中的一些电影制作人通过视听作品描绘了这些影响。通过挑战殖民视角，这些原住民电影制作者为社区如何适应和恢复气候变化带来的挑战提供了宝贵的见解。遗憾的是，尽管视听作品做出了重大贡献，但在与气候相关的灾害研究中却常常被忽视。借鉴以社区为基础的女权主义和非殖民主义转向，我试图通过土著电影制片人 Takumã Kuikuro 的实践，探索巴西上新古（Upper Xingu）社区所采用的治疗方法。为此，我对 Takumã Kuikuro 的纪录片和非殖民化全景记录（短片）进行了视听分析。此外，我还对电影制片人和人民宫项目的三位成员进行了半结构化访谈，他们都曾与 Takumã 密切合作，最后还举行了一次验证会议。我在本文中强调了三个主要发现：(i)通过仪式进行治疗，将其作为该地区的审美和道德神圣实践；(ii)集体主义中的身体；(iii)对治疗受众的连带效应：从互惠中编织网络。在对研究结果进行讨论时，我认为，塔库芒镜头所展现的以社区为基础的气候危机治疗对策与哥伦比亚哲学家劳拉-金塔纳（Laura Quintana）提出的 "身体政治"（Politics of the Bodies）之间存在着密不可分的联系，使我们能够将对治疗的非殖民主义理解定格为领土内以及与领土相关的政治和集体行动。因此，将原住民电影作为一种知识来源，将使我们能够开展以社区为基础的讨论，而减少灾害风险的工作因其根植于认识论的不公正而被忽视。以互惠为基础的仪式和合作实践展示了适应的形式，在这种形式中，心理健康成为一种集体责任，与大自然的核心交织在一起。
{"title":"Indigenous filmmaking practices: healing in times of climate crises","authors":"Viviana Ramirez-Loaiza","doi":"10.3389/fclim.2023.1231794","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fclim.2023.1231794","url":null,"abstract":"The psychological impacts of the climate crisis and its triggers can have long-lasting consequences for public mental health. Many indigenous communities have an in-depth understanding of these impacts, and some of their filmmakers have depicted them through their audiovisual work. By challenging colonial perspectives, these indigenous filmmakers offer invaluable insights into how communities might navigate into adaptation and recovery to cope with the challenges brought about by climate change. Unfortunately, audiovisual work has often been overlooked in climate-related disaster studies despite its significant contributions. Drawing on community-based feminism and the decolonial turn, I sought to explore the healing practices employed by communities in Upper Xingu, Brazil, through the practice of indigenous filmmaker Takumã Kuikuro. To achieve this, I drew on audiovisual analysis of Takumã Kuikuro’s documentaries and records (short videos) from the decolonial panorama. Additionally, I conducted semi-structured interviews with the filmmaker and three members of the People’s Palace Projects, who have worked closely with Takumã, culminating in a validation meeting. I highlight three key findings for this article: (i) healing through rituals as esthetic and ethical-sacred practices within the territory, (ii) bodies in collectivism, and (iii) cascading effects on healing audiences: weaving networks from reciprocities. In seeking a discussion of the findings, I contend that there is an inextricable bond between the community-based healing responses to the climate crisis shown by Takumã’s lenses and the Politics of the Bodies proposed by the Colombian philosopher Laura Quintana, allowing us to frame the decolonial understanding of healing as a political and collective action both within and with territories. Therefore, placing the indigenous cinema as a source of knowledge will enable us to bring community-based discussions that disaster risk reduction has neglected due to its embeddedness in epistemic injustice, from which at-risk communities have been predominantly seen as incapable of knowing their geographies. The rituals and collaborative practices grounded in reciprocity demonstrate forms of adaptation in which mental health becomes a collective responsibility woven into nature at its core.","PeriodicalId":33632,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Climate","volume":"38 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139203369","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-24DOI: 10.3389/fclim.2023.1215062
Débora Ley, Tania Guillén Bolaños, Antonethe Castaneda, Hugo G. Hidalgo, Pascal O. Girot Pignot, Rodrigo Fernández, Eric J. Alfaro, Edwin J. Castellanos
Central America is highly impacted by current extreme events associated with climate variability and the adverse effects of climate change, showing high vulnerability compounded by its historical context and socioeconomic structure. In light of the important findings published by the WGII of the IPCC AR6 in 2022 on the adverse effects of climate change on the Central American region, there is still a clear need to improve data availability and to increase the number of studies on projections of changes in the climate, risks, impacts, vulnerability, and adaptation from the region to inform decision-makers and practitioners. The region has seen an increase in the number of adaptation projects implemented; however, there is limited information about their success or failure, and there are few case studies and reviews of lessons learned, highlighting an important gap in the implementation of effective adaptation measures. This article presents a current review of the literature on climatology, hydrology, impacts and vulnerability, mitigation and adaptation responses, action plans, and potential losses and damages in the region. It also proposes actionable recommendations based on the main gaps found and presents a case study of the Central American Dry Corridor, one of the climate change and underdevelopment hotspots of the region. We finish with a discussion highlighting the importance of considering system transitions perspectives and the need to plan and implement more transformational adaptation approaches to reduce further losses and damages and to further address adaptation gaps in Central America.
{"title":"Central America urgently needs to reduce the growing adaptation gap to climate change","authors":"Débora Ley, Tania Guillén Bolaños, Antonethe Castaneda, Hugo G. Hidalgo, Pascal O. Girot Pignot, Rodrigo Fernández, Eric J. Alfaro, Edwin J. Castellanos","doi":"10.3389/fclim.2023.1215062","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fclim.2023.1215062","url":null,"abstract":"Central America is highly impacted by current extreme events associated with climate variability and the adverse effects of climate change, showing high vulnerability compounded by its historical context and socioeconomic structure. In light of the important findings published by the WGII of the IPCC AR6 in 2022 on the adverse effects of climate change on the Central American region, there is still a clear need to improve data availability and to increase the number of studies on projections of changes in the climate, risks, impacts, vulnerability, and adaptation from the region to inform decision-makers and practitioners. The region has seen an increase in the number of adaptation projects implemented; however, there is limited information about their success or failure, and there are few case studies and reviews of lessons learned, highlighting an important gap in the implementation of effective adaptation measures. This article presents a current review of the literature on climatology, hydrology, impacts and vulnerability, mitigation and adaptation responses, action plans, and potential losses and damages in the region. It also proposes actionable recommendations based on the main gaps found and presents a case study of the Central American Dry Corridor, one of the climate change and underdevelopment hotspots of the region. We finish with a discussion highlighting the importance of considering system transitions perspectives and the need to plan and implement more transformational adaptation approaches to reduce further losses and damages and to further address adaptation gaps in Central America.","PeriodicalId":33632,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Climate","volume":"34 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139241853","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-24DOI: 10.3389/fclim.2023.1227585
M. Kosugi, Kenshi Baba
The study seeks to examine Japanese people's perceptions and attitudes toward climate change by segmenting and characterizing respondents using online survey data from 2017 and 2020.The survey administered in 2017 had 2,997 respondents and the survey in 2020, 1,100 respondents. Five segments were identified based on aspects of people's understanding of global warming, their attitudes toward taking countermeasures, and analyses of the characteristics and changes in the segment composition.The groups identified were the “Alarmed,” who have a strong sense of urgency and undertake proactive measures; the “Indifferent,” who have limited interest and no clear opinion; the “Affirmative,” who tend to agree with all questions regardless of their content; and the “Skeptic,” who tend to suspect global warming. Provide negative responses to contradictory questions. The 2017 survey also yielded a segment called “Dismissive 2017,” and in the 2020 survey, a new segment called “Cautious 2020” was identified. People with unclear perceptions about climate change accounted for about 50% of respondents in both surveys.The findings suggest that in communicating with the public regarding the implementation of countermeasures, it is necessary to consider the differences in awareness, knowledge, and perception of the effects of global warming among various segments of the population.
{"title":"Five types on perception of global warming in Japanese","authors":"M. Kosugi, Kenshi Baba","doi":"10.3389/fclim.2023.1227585","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fclim.2023.1227585","url":null,"abstract":"The study seeks to examine Japanese people's perceptions and attitudes toward climate change by segmenting and characterizing respondents using online survey data from 2017 and 2020.The survey administered in 2017 had 2,997 respondents and the survey in 2020, 1,100 respondents. Five segments were identified based on aspects of people's understanding of global warming, their attitudes toward taking countermeasures, and analyses of the characteristics and changes in the segment composition.The groups identified were the “Alarmed,” who have a strong sense of urgency and undertake proactive measures; the “Indifferent,” who have limited interest and no clear opinion; the “Affirmative,” who tend to agree with all questions regardless of their content; and the “Skeptic,” who tend to suspect global warming. Provide negative responses to contradictory questions. The 2017 survey also yielded a segment called “Dismissive 2017,” and in the 2020 survey, a new segment called “Cautious 2020” was identified. People with unclear perceptions about climate change accounted for about 50% of respondents in both surveys.The findings suggest that in communicating with the public regarding the implementation of countermeasures, it is necessary to consider the differences in awareness, knowledge, and perception of the effects of global warming among various segments of the population.","PeriodicalId":33632,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Climate","volume":"44 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139238493","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-22DOI: 10.3389/fclim.2023.1298779
Carlo Aall, Åsa Gerger Swartling, Emmanuel M. N. A. N. Attoh
{"title":"Editorial: New approaches to local climate change risk analysis","authors":"Carlo Aall, Åsa Gerger Swartling, Emmanuel M. N. A. N. Attoh","doi":"10.3389/fclim.2023.1298779","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fclim.2023.1298779","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":33632,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Climate","volume":"32 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139246739","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-20DOI: 10.3389/fclim.2023.1272219
José Sandoval-Díaz, Camila Navarrete-Valladares, Consuelo Suazo-Muñoz, Soledad Martínez-Labrín
Climate change amplifies the vulnerability of various groups, especially of older people. Though seen as highly vulnerable, studies reveal their remarkable resilience and that they experience less distress than the young population. Collective memory and experience thus act as coping devices, facilitating learning processes and adaptation when faced with natural risks.The objective was to characterize the lessons learned, implications and social support perceived by the older people in disaster risk situations. The study was conducted with six groups of older people in Ñuble (Chile) using the SWOT matrix (Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats), life stories, focus groups, photo evocation, and other participatory techniques. Content analysis was based on a systematic coding of category quantifications.Negative impacts and positive learning processes were identified that prompted significant changes and made post-traumatic growth processes and capacity-building possible. The type of disaster, its frequency and stage in which it occurs influence the perception of risk and coping strategies, underscoring the importance of strengthening communication about natural risks that are often rendered invisible, such as heat waves. Social support is the main source of collective capacity and has been shown to reduce perceived vulnerability to disaster risk scenarios.The collective memory and prior disaster experiences of the older people provide them with tools to reinterpret new risk scenarios, highlighting their abilities and promoting their empowerment. These resources are crucial for the development of intergenerational learning aimed at comprehensive risk management. However, facing recent disaster risk situations such as COVID-19 or heatwaves has posed a challenge due to a lack of prior experiences and knowledge on how to handle them. This underscores the importance of having continuous psychoeducation, tailored to the specific and territorial needs of the older people, especially in the context of climate change.
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Pub Date : 2023-11-14DOI: 10.3389/fclim.2023.1243008
Rafael Damasceno Pereira, Lucas de Paula Brazílio, Miguel Angel Trejo-Rangel, Maurício Duarte dos Santos, Letícia Milene Bezerra Silva, Lilian Fraciele Souza, Ana Carolina Santana Barbosa, Mario Ricardo de Oliveira, Ronaldo dos Santos, Danilo Pereira Sato, Allan Yu Iwama
The impacts of climate-related disasters can be estimated by climate models. However, climate models are frequently downscaled to specific settings to facilitate Disaster Risk Management (DRM) to better understand local impacts and avoid overlooking uncertainties. Several studies have registered the increasing importance of recognizing traditional knowledge, co-design, and collaboration with local communities in developing DRM strategies. The objective of this research was co-design local-scale observations with traditional and local communities to characterize their local context regarding the impacts of climate-related disasters. The citizen science approach coupled with participatory action research was conducted with two traditional communities in the Southeast of the Brazilian coast: Quilombo do Campinho da Independência in Paraty, Rio de Janeiro, and the Caiçara (artisanal fishing) community of Ubatumirim in Ubatuba, São Paulo. Working groups were organized with leaders to become community researchers, conducting interviews and actively mobilizing their communities. A structured questionnaire was developed, adapting 22 variables taken from the Protocol for the Collection of Cross-Cultural Comparative Data on Local Indicators of Climate Change Impacts—LICCI Protocol. A total of 366 impacts were analyzed, after combining the georeferencing form data collected—Survey123 (280 impacts) and the interviews with community leaders (86 impacts). The results showed a significant level of cohesion (α = 0.01) between the Caiçara (artisanal fishers) and Quilombola (Afro-descendants) perceptions of climate-related events associated with their subsistence practices and climate variability. These findings highlighting the importance of DRM proposals that recognize traditional peoples and local communities as frontline vulnerable populations while acknowledging their role as key actors in identifying impacts, collecting data on land use and territory, subsistence-oriented activities, and cosmovision. However, it is still necessary to address climate change challenges at different scales. To do this, it is crucial to promote cognitive justice though the recognition of the values of the memories, perceptions and local knowledge, by scaling up locally-driven observations that empower local communities to lead their own climate adaptation efforts.
与气候有关的灾害的影响可以通过气候模式来估计。然而，气候模式经常被缩小到特定的设置，以促进灾害风险管理(DRM)，以更好地了解当地影响并避免忽视不确定性。一些研究表明，在制定DRM策略时，认识到传统知识、共同设计以及与当地社区合作的重要性日益增加。本研究的目的是与传统和当地社区共同设计当地尺度的观测，以表征气候相关灾害影响的当地背景。在巴西东南海岸的两个传统社区开展了公民科学方法与参与性行动研究相结合的研究:里约热内卢Paraty的Quilombo do Campinho da Independência和圣保罗州Ubatuba的Ubatumirim的caiara(手工捕鱼)社区。由领导人组成的工作组成为社区研究人员，进行访谈并积极动员其社区。采用《气候变化影响本地指标跨文化比较数据收集协议- licci协议》中的22个变量，编制了一份结构化问卷。结合收集到的地理参考表格数据- 123调查(280个影响)和对社区领导人的访谈(86个影响)，共分析了366个影响。结果表明，caiara(手工渔民)和Quilombola(非洲后裔)对气候相关事件的感知之间存在显著的内聚性(α = 0.01)，这些事件与他们的生存方式和气候变异有关。这些发现突出了DRM建议的重要性，这些建议承认传统民族和当地社区是一线弱势群体，同时承认他们在确定影响、收集土地使用和领土数据、以生存为导向的活动和世界观方面的关键作用。但是，应对气候变化挑战仍然需要不同尺度的应对。为此，至关重要的是，通过承认记忆、感知和当地知识的价值，促进认知正义，扩大以当地为导向的观察，使当地社区能够领导自己的气候适应工作。
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