Pub Date : 2023-06-02DOI: 10.1177/00225266231178987
Justin F. Jackson
{"title":"Book Review: Progressives and Prison Labor: Rebuilding Ohio's National Road During World War I by Jeffrey Alan John","authors":"Justin F. Jackson","doi":"10.1177/00225266231178987","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00225266231178987","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":336494,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Transport History","volume":"42 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124409977","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-25DOI: 10.1177/00225266231174766
T. Breen, A. Flint, C. Hickman, G. O’Hara
England's “right to roam” continues to be a misnomer which is uneven in scope and inclusivity. While the Countryside and Rights of Way Act 2000 opened access to privately owned mountains, moors, heaths, and downs, the changes were not as bold as they at first seemed and access was still restricted. The 2000 Act was representative of the contemporary atmosphere in which concern for accessibility and inclusivity was strongly qualified, with a focus on non-disabled walkers at the expense of others. Though physical disabilities were now better catered for, much less was said about intellectual disabilities, race, ethnicity, place, income, and transport. Such issues have gathered increased awareness in recent years, but more remains to be done if access to the countryside is to be more equal. This article examines how “right to roam” and access legislation developed, and how engagement with disabled people was limited from the outset.
{"title":"Whose right to roam? Contesting access to England’s countryside","authors":"T. Breen, A. Flint, C. Hickman, G. O’Hara","doi":"10.1177/00225266231174766","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00225266231174766","url":null,"abstract":"England's “right to roam” continues to be a misnomer which is uneven in scope and inclusivity. While the Countryside and Rights of Way Act 2000 opened access to privately owned mountains, moors, heaths, and downs, the changes were not as bold as they at first seemed and access was still restricted. The 2000 Act was representative of the contemporary atmosphere in which concern for accessibility and inclusivity was strongly qualified, with a focus on non-disabled walkers at the expense of others. Though physical disabilities were now better catered for, much less was said about intellectual disabilities, race, ethnicity, place, income, and transport. Such issues have gathered increased awareness in recent years, but more remains to be done if access to the countryside is to be more equal. This article examines how “right to roam” and access legislation developed, and how engagement with disabled people was limited from the outset.","PeriodicalId":336494,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Transport History","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115294933","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-17DOI: 10.1177/00225266231170490
Peter Norton
{"title":"Book Review: No Bicycle, No Bus, No Job: The Making of Workers’ Mobility in the Netherlands, 1920–1990 by Patrick Bek","authors":"Peter Norton","doi":"10.1177/00225266231170490","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00225266231170490","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":336494,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Transport History","volume":"43 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134351494","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-04DOI: 10.1177/00225266231156071
U. Haefeli
{"title":"Book Review: Das Fräulein vom Bahnhof. Der Verein Freundinnen junger Mädchen in der Schweiz by Esther Hürlimann, Ursina Largiader and Luzia Schoeck","authors":"U. Haefeli","doi":"10.1177/00225266231156071","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00225266231156071","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":336494,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Transport History","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128763659","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-17DOI: 10.1177/00225266231168718
Seth Epstein
This article examines the development of a taxi drivers’ transportation network in the “marriage mill” of Elkton, Maryland between 1913 and 1941. It explores how legal conditions for marriage engendered particular forms of spatial organisation meant to accomplish the intensive production of weddings. Social policy impacted how space was organised and connected, but in ways different than authorities expected. The network drivers sought to maintain took direction from the conditions set by political authorities yet simultaneously threatened those conditions’ corruption in the eyes of many. Local and state authorities’ further attempts at regulation as well as changes in transportation together created a greater need for more durable associations between drivers, clergy, and technologies such as vehicles, trains, and advertising signs that they enlisted in their efforts. The article contends that a full accounting of the social consequences of marriage policies should encompass the networks that those policies facilitated.
{"title":"“Wanna get married?”: The taxi driver transportation network at the marriage mill of Elkton, Maryland, 1913–1941","authors":"Seth Epstein","doi":"10.1177/00225266231168718","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00225266231168718","url":null,"abstract":"This article examines the development of a taxi drivers’ transportation network in the “marriage mill” of Elkton, Maryland between 1913 and 1941. It explores how legal conditions for marriage engendered particular forms of spatial organisation meant to accomplish the intensive production of weddings. Social policy impacted how space was organised and connected, but in ways different than authorities expected. The network drivers sought to maintain took direction from the conditions set by political authorities yet simultaneously threatened those conditions’ corruption in the eyes of many. Local and state authorities’ further attempts at regulation as well as changes in transportation together created a greater need for more durable associations between drivers, clergy, and technologies such as vehicles, trains, and advertising signs that they enlisted in their efforts. The article contends that a full accounting of the social consequences of marriage policies should encompass the networks that those policies facilitated.","PeriodicalId":336494,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Transport History","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131806400","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-20DOI: 10.1177/00225266231163080
Tiina Männistö-Funk
This paper considers the negotiations around walking in Finland in the 1960s and 1970s as a symbolic struggle. Quickly changing urban environment and high traffic fatality numbers brought pedestrians into the focus of public discussions during this era. Two major groups making claims over pedestrians were the traffic safety organisation Talja and its successor Liikenneturva as well as the traffic policy association Enemmistö. Traffic safety actors highlighted pedestrians’ responsibility as a traffic mode among others, but also framed them as reckless and weak. Traffic policy activists used pedestrians as a lens to the unfairness of the car-centred traffic system and urban environment. Both tried to steer away from the simple antagonism between cars and pedestrians, but with little success. Whereas pedestrians were difficult to govern, due to their non-vehicle flexibility, they were also difficult to advocate for. The struggle ended in a compromise that rendered pedestrians invisible.
{"title":"The struggle over pedestrians: Defining the problems of walking in the 1960s and 1970s","authors":"Tiina Männistö-Funk","doi":"10.1177/00225266231163080","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00225266231163080","url":null,"abstract":"This paper considers the negotiations around walking in Finland in the 1960s and 1970s as a symbolic struggle. Quickly changing urban environment and high traffic fatality numbers brought pedestrians into the focus of public discussions during this era. Two major groups making claims over pedestrians were the traffic safety organisation Talja and its successor Liikenneturva as well as the traffic policy association Enemmistö. Traffic safety actors highlighted pedestrians’ responsibility as a traffic mode among others, but also framed them as reckless and weak. Traffic policy activists used pedestrians as a lens to the unfairness of the car-centred traffic system and urban environment. Both tried to steer away from the simple antagonism between cars and pedestrians, but with little success. Whereas pedestrians were difficult to govern, due to their non-vehicle flexibility, they were also difficult to advocate for. The struggle ended in a compromise that rendered pedestrians invisible.","PeriodicalId":336494,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Transport History","volume":"67 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126215335","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-13DOI: 10.1177/00225266231163989
H. Dekker
{"title":"Book Review: Routledge Companion to Cycling by Glen Norcliffe, Una Brogan, Peter Cox, Boyang Gao, Tony Hadland, Sheila Hanlon, Tim Jones, Nicholas Oddy, and Luis Vivanco (eds)","authors":"H. Dekker","doi":"10.1177/00225266231163989","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00225266231163989","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":336494,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Transport History","volume":"55 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124717010","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-02-23DOI: 10.1177/00225266231156113
Olha Martynyuk
Although bicycles hardly figure in studies of World War II, their use was often a life-and-death matter. This article explores cycling in Ukraine as part of survival strategies and as an object of mobility policies under the Soviet and Nazi regimes. By analysing newspapers, interviews, diaries and rare archival documents, the article concludes that using a bicycle marked a privilege and at the same time put the rider under suspicion of collaboration with an enemy. During the Nazi occupation, the authorities used bicycles to maintain power over subjugated populations. Later, as the Soviet Army proceeded westwards, many civilians and military persons acquired bicycles, first as war trophies and then from the development of the Soviet bicycle industry in response to wartime experiences. The article proposes understanding World War II as a radical exercise in forcing and limiting mobility. In this context, survival implied an ability to transgress established borders.
{"title":"Threatening mobility: Cycling during World War II from a Ukrainian perspective","authors":"Olha Martynyuk","doi":"10.1177/00225266231156113","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00225266231156113","url":null,"abstract":"Although bicycles hardly figure in studies of World War II, their use was often a life-and-death matter. This article explores cycling in Ukraine as part of survival strategies and as an object of mobility policies under the Soviet and Nazi regimes. By analysing newspapers, interviews, diaries and rare archival documents, the article concludes that using a bicycle marked a privilege and at the same time put the rider under suspicion of collaboration with an enemy. During the Nazi occupation, the authorities used bicycles to maintain power over subjugated populations. Later, as the Soviet Army proceeded westwards, many civilians and military persons acquired bicycles, first as war trophies and then from the development of the Soviet bicycle industry in response to wartime experiences. The article proposes understanding World War II as a radical exercise in forcing and limiting mobility. In this context, survival implied an ability to transgress established borders.","PeriodicalId":336494,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Transport History","volume":"57 6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124337540","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-02-13DOI: 10.1177/00225266231156114
Julia Winterson
The story of carriage cleaners has been sadly neglected in the history of railway workers. The work has low pay, it is sometimes unpleasant, and it is also physically tough. This panorama paper explores some of the literature surrounding the history of carriage cleaners from the earliest records in the nineteenth century, through the two world wars, up to the early days of privatisation. The focus is on female carriage cleaners, exploring the reasons why their work has been hidden from history and putting forward an argument as to why more attention should be drawn to it. Despite its low pay and poor working conditions, cleaning work is found at an important nexus of the railway economy, ensuring that the spaces of railway travel remain sanitary and functional. Given their importance for the operation of the railway transport system, it is surprising that cleaners remain largely invisible.
{"title":"Hidden from history: Carriage cleaners in the United Kingdom from 1849 to COVID-19","authors":"Julia Winterson","doi":"10.1177/00225266231156114","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00225266231156114","url":null,"abstract":"The story of carriage cleaners has been sadly neglected in the history of railway workers. The work has low pay, it is sometimes unpleasant, and it is also physically tough. This panorama paper explores some of the literature surrounding the history of carriage cleaners from the earliest records in the nineteenth century, through the two world wars, up to the early days of privatisation. The focus is on female carriage cleaners, exploring the reasons why their work has been hidden from history and putting forward an argument as to why more attention should be drawn to it. Despite its low pay and poor working conditions, cleaning work is found at an important nexus of the railway economy, ensuring that the spaces of railway travel remain sanitary and functional. Given their importance for the operation of the railway transport system, it is surprising that cleaners remain largely invisible.","PeriodicalId":336494,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Transport History","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125560408","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-27DOI: 10.1177/00225266221142146
Efrat Hildesheim, Tal Alon-Mozes
The article unfolds a micro-narrative historical case study that explores the process of building Route 854 and the intricate relations between landscape architecture and highway design. Employing a critical-historical inquiry based on a qualitative discourse and extensive archival research, it examines a process of planning, design, and construction over two decades, from 1976 to 1996. In the context of national development and the state's roads network, the emergence of environmental awareness, and the expansion of landscape architecture's disciplinary boundaries, the article addresses four themes: statutory and preliminary planning; landscape architecture and hardscapes; softscapes and vegetation design; the joint work of environmental artists and landscape architects in quarries rehabilitation. Revealing Route 854 as a milestone in Israeli highway-landscape planning, the article articulates the key role of landscape architects in landscape rehabilitation, their mediating position between planning agencies and the environmentalists, and between associated disciplines, including planning, engineering, design, art, and environmental activism.
{"title":"The landscape of Route 854 in Israel's Galilee: Integrating nature, construction, and art in the service of a national project","authors":"Efrat Hildesheim, Tal Alon-Mozes","doi":"10.1177/00225266221142146","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00225266221142146","url":null,"abstract":"The article unfolds a micro-narrative historical case study that explores the process of building Route 854 and the intricate relations between landscape architecture and highway design. Employing a critical-historical inquiry based on a qualitative discourse and extensive archival research, it examines a process of planning, design, and construction over two decades, from 1976 to 1996. In the context of national development and the state's roads network, the emergence of environmental awareness, and the expansion of landscape architecture's disciplinary boundaries, the article addresses four themes: statutory and preliminary planning; landscape architecture and hardscapes; softscapes and vegetation design; the joint work of environmental artists and landscape architects in quarries rehabilitation. Revealing Route 854 as a milestone in Israeli highway-landscape planning, the article articulates the key role of landscape architects in landscape rehabilitation, their mediating position between planning agencies and the environmentalists, and between associated disciplines, including planning, engineering, design, art, and environmental activism.","PeriodicalId":336494,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Transport History","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129255569","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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