Pub Date : 2022-08-28DOI: 10.1177/00225266221122919
Nathalie Roseau
Research on mobility has shown considerable interest in promoting an interdisciplinary approach to history in order to renew knowledge of transport. Among the issues brought to light by these perspectives, the question of the environment is central. Because transport affects the territories we inhabit, because it reflects the way societies are driven by technology, the mobilisation of history and its long-term perspectives shed light on the footprints it has left on the Earth. By initiating a dialogue between the objects of transport history and the issues of the Anthropocene, the retrospective perspective we propose involves understanding the interdependencies of the scales and boundaries that affect our environments. Reciprocally, adopting this point of view commits us to renewing our understanding of mobile cultures, identifying their hidden faces, exploring their margins and reopening potentialities. This article introduces a new section for the Journal of Transport History, entitled “Mobile cultures and the Anthropocene”.
{"title":"Mobile cultures and the Anthropocene","authors":"Nathalie Roseau","doi":"10.1177/00225266221122919","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00225266221122919","url":null,"abstract":"Research on mobility has shown considerable interest in promoting an interdisciplinary approach to history in order to renew knowledge of transport. Among the issues brought to light by these perspectives, the question of the environment is central. Because transport affects the territories we inhabit, because it reflects the way societies are driven by technology, the mobilisation of history and its long-term perspectives shed light on the footprints it has left on the Earth. By initiating a dialogue between the objects of transport history and the issues of the Anthropocene, the retrospective perspective we propose involves understanding the interdependencies of the scales and boundaries that affect our environments. Reciprocally, adopting this point of view commits us to renewing our understanding of mobile cultures, identifying their hidden faces, exploring their margins and reopening potentialities. This article introduces a new section for the Journal of Transport History, entitled “Mobile cultures and the Anthropocene”.","PeriodicalId":336494,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Transport History","volume":"33 5","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114037279","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-08-28DOI: 10.1177/00225266221123987
G. Gladden
{"title":"Book Review: Studies in Port and Maritime History: Art and the Sea by Emma Roberts (ed.)","authors":"G. Gladden","doi":"10.1177/00225266221123987","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00225266221123987","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":336494,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Transport History","volume":"80 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116621062","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-08-22DOI: 10.1177/00225266221114000
Fabian Kröger
{"title":"Book Review: Futuristic Cars and Space Bicycles. Contesting the Road in American Science Fiction by Jeremy Withers","authors":"Fabian Kröger","doi":"10.1177/00225266221114000","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00225266221114000","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":336494,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Transport History","volume":"31 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114190557","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper aims to conduct a critical review of the academic works on railway history in Brazil. We read and analysed 492 theses and dissertations by graduate students in Brazil (published from 1974 to 2020). A qualitative and quantitative approach was used over time to characterise the increasing production of academic theses and dissertations on railway history in Brazil and which authors, bibliographies, archives, and historical sources have become essential for railway researchers. The results of this review indicate that several academic areas are interested in the theme and some authors have become references to the most varied railway studies. In recent decades, authors who research more specific subjects have gained greater visibility in graduation essays. The bibliography of their studies should be interpreted according to how sources change with time. Authors of the reviewed papers had to use alternatives to research railways due to archival issues and instability of access to documents.
{"title":"The growth of a research field: A systematic analysis of Brazilian theses and dissertations on railways (1974–2020)","authors":"Tamires Saccharine Lico, Andreza Vellasco Gomes, Nicolle Oliveira Rocha, Eduardo Romero de Oliveira","doi":"10.1177/00225266221112852","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00225266221112852","url":null,"abstract":"This paper aims to conduct a critical review of the academic works on railway history in Brazil. We read and analysed 492 theses and dissertations by graduate students in Brazil (published from 1974 to 2020). A qualitative and quantitative approach was used over time to characterise the increasing production of academic theses and dissertations on railway history in Brazil and which authors, bibliographies, archives, and historical sources have become essential for railway researchers. The results of this review indicate that several academic areas are interested in the theme and some authors have become references to the most varied railway studies. In recent decades, authors who research more specific subjects have gained greater visibility in graduation essays. The bibliography of their studies should be interpreted according to how sources change with time. Authors of the reviewed papers had to use alternatives to research railways due to archival issues and instability of access to documents.","PeriodicalId":336494,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Transport History","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131520108","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-08-09DOI: 10.1177/00225266221114516
Peter Hobbins
In the two decades after 1936, the assessment and instruction of aviators was transformed by adopting synthetic training aids. These devices were typified by the Link Trainer, an ersatz aeroplane that taught basic piloting skills and instrument flying. Purchased both by Australian civil operators and the Royal Australian Air Force (RAAF), Link Trainer use proliferated from 1939. After 1945, an escalating accident rate led the RAAF to consider an emergent technology: flight simulators. Developed in the UK and USA, Dehmel-style flight simulators were powered by analogue computers to emulate specific aircraft types. Drawing upon Korean War experience and Canadian precedents, in 1956 the RAAF took delivery of Australia's first flight simulator, Redifon's model C.773 for the Avon Sabre fighter. Integrating both military and civilian experience, this article argues that western faith in flight simulators often ran ahead of their capabilities and fidelity to ‘seat of the pants’ flying.
{"title":"Emulating the “pucker factor”: Faith, fidelity and flight simulation in Australia, 1936–58","authors":"Peter Hobbins","doi":"10.1177/00225266221114516","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00225266221114516","url":null,"abstract":"In the two decades after 1936, the assessment and instruction of aviators was transformed by adopting synthetic training aids. These devices were typified by the Link Trainer, an ersatz aeroplane that taught basic piloting skills and instrument flying. Purchased both by Australian civil operators and the Royal Australian Air Force (RAAF), Link Trainer use proliferated from 1939. After 1945, an escalating accident rate led the RAAF to consider an emergent technology: flight simulators. Developed in the UK and USA, Dehmel-style flight simulators were powered by analogue computers to emulate specific aircraft types. Drawing upon Korean War experience and Canadian precedents, in 1956 the RAAF took delivery of Australia's first flight simulator, Redifon's model C.773 for the Avon Sabre fighter. Integrating both military and civilian experience, this article argues that western faith in flight simulators often ran ahead of their capabilities and fidelity to ‘seat of the pants’ flying.","PeriodicalId":336494,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Transport History","volume":"37 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126350804","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-08-01DOI: 10.1177/00225266221101174
G. Favero, M. Serruys, M. Sugiura
Transport history has developed in close association with urban network theory. However, this association has often remained implicit and not conceptualised. This article starts from an overview of the historiography on urban networks to question the limitations of historical urban network theory by highlighting the connection between an incomplete mapping of hinterlands and the prevalence of a neo-Christallerian model in the interpretation of their network shape. The concept of the “urban logistic network” is proposed as an alternative historical approach that focuses on the interaction between urban systems on the one hand, and transport and mobility on the other hand. In particular, it enables to clarify the conflated concepts of gateways and hinterlands and constructs a taxonomy that allows the examination of network patterns on a variety of geographical scales. It also identifies the variety of network shapes that are created in urban systems by different logistic connections.
{"title":"A new place for transport in urban network theory: The urban logistic network","authors":"G. Favero, M. Serruys, M. Sugiura","doi":"10.1177/00225266221101174","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00225266221101174","url":null,"abstract":"Transport history has developed in close association with urban network theory. However, this association has often remained implicit and not conceptualised. This article starts from an overview of the historiography on urban networks to question the limitations of historical urban network theory by highlighting the connection between an incomplete mapping of hinterlands and the prevalence of a neo-Christallerian model in the interpretation of their network shape. The concept of the “urban logistic network” is proposed as an alternative historical approach that focuses on the interaction between urban systems on the one hand, and transport and mobility on the other hand. In particular, it enables to clarify the conflated concepts of gateways and hinterlands and constructs a taxonomy that allows the examination of network patterns on a variety of geographical scales. It also identifies the variety of network shapes that are created in urban systems by different logistic connections.","PeriodicalId":336494,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Transport History","volume":"60 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124921314","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-12DOI: 10.1177/00225266221112854
G. Pirie
{"title":"Book Review: In the Forest of No Joy. The Congo-Océan Railroad and the Tragedy of French Colonialism by J. P. Daughton","authors":"G. Pirie","doi":"10.1177/00225266221112854","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00225266221112854","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":336494,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Transport History","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116584709","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-11DOI: 10.1177/00225266221111996
Simon Abernethy
might be challenging for readers new to American railroad history. However, this approach is well suited to reveal the complexities of the late-19th century railways, when construction, management, and regulation were newly emerging. Moreover, the author’s comprehensive approach provides opportunities to consider new connections, such as the role of towns in financing railway construction, the outcome of land grants to railroads, and the railroads’ instability amid the booming economy of the time. The ample supplementary material, including reprints of timetables and maps and short biographies of railroad managers and executives, provides a starting point for quantitative analyses of how railroad service changed over the course of the nineteenth century and for tracing the transition in railroad control from smalltown managers in Michigan’s hinterland to big-city directors in Detroit and Philadelphia. These incredibly detailed books offer a new perspective on fin de siècle American railroads and are especially useful for international comparative research considering industrialization and railroads at this pivotal moment in global history.
{"title":"Book Review: Strategy and managed decline; London Transport 1948–87 by James Fowler","authors":"Simon Abernethy","doi":"10.1177/00225266221111996","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00225266221111996","url":null,"abstract":"might be challenging for readers new to American railroad history. However, this approach is well suited to reveal the complexities of the late-19th century railways, when construction, management, and regulation were newly emerging. Moreover, the author’s comprehensive approach provides opportunities to consider new connections, such as the role of towns in financing railway construction, the outcome of land grants to railroads, and the railroads’ instability amid the booming economy of the time. The ample supplementary material, including reprints of timetables and maps and short biographies of railroad managers and executives, provides a starting point for quantitative analyses of how railroad service changed over the course of the nineteenth century and for tracing the transition in railroad control from smalltown managers in Michigan’s hinterland to big-city directors in Detroit and Philadelphia. These incredibly detailed books offer a new perspective on fin de siècle American railroads and are especially useful for international comparative research considering industrialization and railroads at this pivotal moment in global history.","PeriodicalId":336494,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Transport History","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117006620","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-05DOI: 10.1177/00225266221111999
Mike Esbester
{"title":"Editorial: A fundamental threat to our field","authors":"Mike Esbester","doi":"10.1177/00225266221111999","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00225266221111999","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":336494,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Transport History","volume":"78 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126234640","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-20DOI: 10.1177/00225266221103038
M. Moraglio
This issue is a collection of papers regarding methodology in transport history. These papers represent the answer to JTH’s CfP launched in 2020 on the topic of transport history ontologies. Many of the papers making up this Special Issue, not too surprisingly, have a strong focus on the spatial dimension of transport, as well as on the politics of mobility. Although those foci are not new, it is interesting to note how this opens up new research avenues and broadens the field’s horizons. In this vein, this Special Issue not only offers food for discussion but is also a positive sign of the fruitful ongoing discussion about refreshing our research tools and approaches in transport and mobility history. Far from being an arrival point, this Special Issue aims to further trigger the debate, and The Journal of Transport History is simply keen to offer space for more discussion. The first paper, by Govind Gopakumar, focuses on the historical imagination of transport. Using the case of the city of Bengaluru, the author targets the concept of “usable past” and its application in pre/post/colonial histories. Here, the idea of “displaced past” offers an angle to better contextualise the usable past, and eventually to question how much the (mobility) past in colonial and post-colonial countries may not necessarily be “usable”. This critical approach is based on the ubiquities of frictions and resistance to mobility (openly referring to Cresswell’s ideas), all driving to an intriguing concept of “Displaced Past”. Giovanni Favero, Michael-W. Serruys, and Miki Sugiura also address the spatial element of mobility, in their case on the 1980s Urban network theory, it is “an incomplete mapping of hinterlands and the prevalence of neo-Christallerian model”. The authors propose to further build on an “urban logistic network”, to focus on “the interaction between urban systems on one hand, and transport and mobility on the other”. This approach better bridges “urban history and transport history”, therefore making Editorial
{"title":"Transport history methodology: New trends and perspectives","authors":"M. Moraglio","doi":"10.1177/00225266221103038","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00225266221103038","url":null,"abstract":"This issue is a collection of papers regarding methodology in transport history. These papers represent the answer to JTH’s CfP launched in 2020 on the topic of transport history ontologies. Many of the papers making up this Special Issue, not too surprisingly, have a strong focus on the spatial dimension of transport, as well as on the politics of mobility. Although those foci are not new, it is interesting to note how this opens up new research avenues and broadens the field’s horizons. In this vein, this Special Issue not only offers food for discussion but is also a positive sign of the fruitful ongoing discussion about refreshing our research tools and approaches in transport and mobility history. Far from being an arrival point, this Special Issue aims to further trigger the debate, and The Journal of Transport History is simply keen to offer space for more discussion. The first paper, by Govind Gopakumar, focuses on the historical imagination of transport. Using the case of the city of Bengaluru, the author targets the concept of “usable past” and its application in pre/post/colonial histories. Here, the idea of “displaced past” offers an angle to better contextualise the usable past, and eventually to question how much the (mobility) past in colonial and post-colonial countries may not necessarily be “usable”. This critical approach is based on the ubiquities of frictions and resistance to mobility (openly referring to Cresswell’s ideas), all driving to an intriguing concept of “Displaced Past”. Giovanni Favero, Michael-W. Serruys, and Miki Sugiura also address the spatial element of mobility, in their case on the 1980s Urban network theory, it is “an incomplete mapping of hinterlands and the prevalence of neo-Christallerian model”. The authors propose to further build on an “urban logistic network”, to focus on “the interaction between urban systems on one hand, and transport and mobility on the other”. This approach better bridges “urban history and transport history”, therefore making Editorial","PeriodicalId":336494,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Transport History","volume":"58 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124816514","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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