Pub Date : 2022-12-26DOI: 10.1177/00225266221140213
Alexei Kraikovski
The paper discusses the history of eighteenth-century St. Petersburg coastal shipping in the context of the Early Modern European coastal transportation growth. Based on the sources significantly understudied so far, I discuss the spatial and economic aspects of St. Petersburg coastal transportation. Using the conceptual framework of the littoral society and Greater St. Petersburg, I discuss the uncertainty of the very concept of the St. Petersburg coastal fleet. Based on the detailed account of the St. Petersburg coastal fleet prepared in the late eighteenth century, I reveal the commercial strategies used by the St. Petersburg merchants in their competition with their European counterparts. These observations confirm that St. Petersburg became a focal point of an enormous network of water transportation, and the local merchants used the coastal fleet as an efficient instrument of participation in international maritime commerce.
{"title":"Small-scale shipping and the maritime commerce of eighteenth-century St. Petersburg","authors":"Alexei Kraikovski","doi":"10.1177/00225266221140213","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00225266221140213","url":null,"abstract":"The paper discusses the history of eighteenth-century St. Petersburg coastal shipping in the context of the Early Modern European coastal transportation growth. Based on the sources significantly understudied so far, I discuss the spatial and economic aspects of St. Petersburg coastal transportation. Using the conceptual framework of the littoral society and Greater St. Petersburg, I discuss the uncertainty of the very concept of the St. Petersburg coastal fleet. Based on the detailed account of the St. Petersburg coastal fleet prepared in the late eighteenth century, I reveal the commercial strategies used by the St. Petersburg merchants in their competition with their European counterparts. These observations confirm that St. Petersburg became a focal point of an enormous network of water transportation, and the local merchants used the coastal fleet as an efficient instrument of participation in international maritime commerce.","PeriodicalId":336494,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Transport History","volume":"67 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129085984","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-22DOI: 10.1177/00225266221145080
B. Cohen
In the late sixteenth century and again in the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries the rulers of Golconda and Hyderabad (India) faced a problem of urban congestion around the Musi River. The river impeded movement between growing urban areas on either bank and during the monsoon it flooded making transport nearly impossible. To resolve this issue, they constructed four bridges across the Musi, often with assistance from local British officials. These bridges served as critical infrastructure technology for urban transport and mobility. Forms of state power, from a sultan to an indigenous prince to colonial officials, all worked to finance, design, and build these bridges thus allowing urban Hyderabad to both encompass and grow beyond the challenges of the river.
{"title":"“The water flows under the bridge and we pass above it …” infrastructure, transport and state power: The bridges of Hyderabad city, India c. sixteenth to twentieth centuries","authors":"B. Cohen","doi":"10.1177/00225266221145080","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00225266221145080","url":null,"abstract":"In the late sixteenth century and again in the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries the rulers of Golconda and Hyderabad (India) faced a problem of urban congestion around the Musi River. The river impeded movement between growing urban areas on either bank and during the monsoon it flooded making transport nearly impossible. To resolve this issue, they constructed four bridges across the Musi, often with assistance from local British officials. These bridges served as critical infrastructure technology for urban transport and mobility. Forms of state power, from a sultan to an indigenous prince to colonial officials, all worked to finance, design, and build these bridges thus allowing urban Hyderabad to both encompass and grow beyond the challenges of the river.","PeriodicalId":336494,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Transport History","volume":"59 3","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132836229","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-12DOI: 10.1177/00225266221142004
Yuqing Zhu
Regional equality was an important issue in French public investment in railroads from 1837, when the French State first intervened financially to facilitate railroad construction to 1857, when the main railroads were completed. Based on an analysis of parliamentary debates, this article aims to examine the weight of regional balancing in the planning of main railroads and their financial model. Using documents from various Chambers of commerce, we then examine the effect of regional equality on local stakeholders’ opinion about the best financing model to adopt for the railroad plan. Finally, we will analyse the data from budgets of the Ministry of Public Works to trace the evolution of regional disparities in public spending from 1837 to 1857.
{"title":"Railroad investment and regional disparity: Public expenditure on transport infrastructure in France, 1837–57","authors":"Yuqing Zhu","doi":"10.1177/00225266221142004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00225266221142004","url":null,"abstract":"Regional equality was an important issue in French public investment in railroads from 1837, when the French State first intervened financially to facilitate railroad construction to 1857, when the main railroads were completed. Based on an analysis of parliamentary debates, this article aims to examine the weight of regional balancing in the planning of main railroads and their financial model. Using documents from various Chambers of commerce, we then examine the effect of regional equality on local stakeholders’ opinion about the best financing model to adopt for the railroad plan. Finally, we will analyse the data from budgets of the Ministry of Public Works to trace the evolution of regional disparities in public spending from 1837 to 1857.","PeriodicalId":336494,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Transport History","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129144960","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-01DOI: 10.1177/00225266221086791
M. Abbott
In this article, a comparison is provided of the alternative Australian and Canadian government procurement policies for military aircraft in the post-Second World War period. Procurement was used by both governments to maintain manufacturing capacity that was established in the Second World War. By undertaking this analysis, the differing characteristics of the two policies are highlighted. In both cases procurement policies promoted the maintenance of aircraft manufacturing industries, however, the resulting industries were quite different in nature, a result partly of the differing natures of the policies, and different to some degree to the results of the policy in other Western countries.
{"title":"Maintaining aircraft manufacturing through government purchases: Australia and Canada from the end of the Second World War until the 1970s","authors":"M. Abbott","doi":"10.1177/00225266221086791","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00225266221086791","url":null,"abstract":"In this article, a comparison is provided of the alternative Australian and Canadian government procurement policies for military aircraft in the post-Second World War period. Procurement was used by both governments to maintain manufacturing capacity that was established in the Second World War. By undertaking this analysis, the differing characteristics of the two policies are highlighted. In both cases procurement policies promoted the maintenance of aircraft manufacturing industries, however, the resulting industries were quite different in nature, a result partly of the differing natures of the policies, and different to some degree to the results of the policy in other Western countries.","PeriodicalId":336494,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Transport History","volume":"48 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117172859","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-11-10DOI: 10.1177/00225266221127575
P. Cox
good reasons. Both cities were major centres of the car industry and became the quintessential motor towns of the UK and Japan. The urban historian Simon Gunn develops a highly convincing narrative of the cardominated transport and town planning in the second biggest city in the UK. Designs to rebuild Birmingham as a car-friendly city and the anticipation of future mass motorization already started in the 1930s. Plans for the construction of a multi-lane inner ring were designed in the first years after World War II, but not fully implemented until 1972. As a consequence of a car-friendly infrastructure policy, Birmingham and its centre became conveniently accessible for motorists. But the price for Birmingham’s urbanity was considerable: The inner-city ring caused urban blight and separated the central business district from the surrounding residential areas. Nagoya was a special case among the metropolitan areas of Japan. The construction of multi-lane streets and urban motorways was conducive for a late, but steep growth of motorization during the 1960s. Unlike the UK, the European pioneer of individual motorization, Japan was a latecomer in individual car ownership. The authors do not elaborate the question why Nagoya’s town planners did not learn the lessons from Jane Jacobs and other critics of the car-friendly American city and repeated the mistakes of their American counterparts. In both cities, the construction of traffic infrastructure and the urban environment followed the paradigms of traffic engineering and the purpose of an uninhibited flow of cars. The relationship between town planning and the car were surprisingly similar, probably because both cities were home of the biggest national car manufacturers, of BMC and Toyota. The authors describe the growing public concern about the adverse effects of individual mass motorization in urban areas during the 1970s. The awareness of noise and air pollution and the destruction of the urban fabric superseded the beneficial effects of swift and convenient car use. The British and the Japanese public discovered the adverse ecological effects of mass motorization at the same time. This highly recommendable book presents highly stimulating insights into the history of urban planning, mass motorization and traffic and their interlocking relation.
{"title":"Book Review: Cycling Pathways: the politics and governance of Dutch Cycling infrastructure, 1920–2020 by Henk-Jan Dekker","authors":"P. Cox","doi":"10.1177/00225266221127575","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00225266221127575","url":null,"abstract":"good reasons. Both cities were major centres of the car industry and became the quintessential motor towns of the UK and Japan. The urban historian Simon Gunn develops a highly convincing narrative of the cardominated transport and town planning in the second biggest city in the UK. Designs to rebuild Birmingham as a car-friendly city and the anticipation of future mass motorization already started in the 1930s. Plans for the construction of a multi-lane inner ring were designed in the first years after World War II, but not fully implemented until 1972. As a consequence of a car-friendly infrastructure policy, Birmingham and its centre became conveniently accessible for motorists. But the price for Birmingham’s urbanity was considerable: The inner-city ring caused urban blight and separated the central business district from the surrounding residential areas. Nagoya was a special case among the metropolitan areas of Japan. The construction of multi-lane streets and urban motorways was conducive for a late, but steep growth of motorization during the 1960s. Unlike the UK, the European pioneer of individual motorization, Japan was a latecomer in individual car ownership. The authors do not elaborate the question why Nagoya’s town planners did not learn the lessons from Jane Jacobs and other critics of the car-friendly American city and repeated the mistakes of their American counterparts. In both cities, the construction of traffic infrastructure and the urban environment followed the paradigms of traffic engineering and the purpose of an uninhibited flow of cars. The relationship between town planning and the car were surprisingly similar, probably because both cities were home of the biggest national car manufacturers, of BMC and Toyota. The authors describe the growing public concern about the adverse effects of individual mass motorization in urban areas during the 1970s. The awareness of noise and air pollution and the destruction of the urban fabric superseded the beneficial effects of swift and convenient car use. The British and the Japanese public discovered the adverse ecological effects of mass motorization at the same time. This highly recommendable book presents highly stimulating insights into the history of urban planning, mass motorization and traffic and their interlocking relation.","PeriodicalId":336494,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Transport History","volume":"106 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122448780","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-22DOI: 10.1177/00225266221132710
T. Pettersson, Johan Jansson, U. Lindgren
We explore the decisions in Parliament about the Swedish tax deduction for commuting since the 1980s. The aim is to explain the continuity of the tax regulation despite several attempts from motions in Parliament and public investigations to reform it towards environmental goals, e.g., reduced emissions of CO2. When reforms have been proposed, the political majority in Parliament has regardless of political colour voted against and retreated to the original motives for the tax deduction; economic growth and the enlargement of regional labour markets. The interests of Swedish mass motorisation succeeded in finding the arguments to slow down reforms and at the same time reinforce the path dependency by adding new legitimacy to the regulation. If the attempts to reform the tax deduction had been part of a broader reform of the transport sector and the tax system, they might have succeeded in breaking with the old path.
{"title":"A barrier to sustainable transports? Path dependence and the Swedish tax deduction for commuting","authors":"T. Pettersson, Johan Jansson, U. Lindgren","doi":"10.1177/00225266221132710","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00225266221132710","url":null,"abstract":"We explore the decisions in Parliament about the Swedish tax deduction for commuting since the 1980s. The aim is to explain the continuity of the tax regulation despite several attempts from motions in Parliament and public investigations to reform it towards environmental goals, e.g., reduced emissions of CO2. When reforms have been proposed, the political majority in Parliament has regardless of political colour voted against and retreated to the original motives for the tax deduction; economic growth and the enlargement of regional labour markets. The interests of Swedish mass motorisation succeeded in finding the arguments to slow down reforms and at the same time reinforce the path dependency by adding new legitimacy to the regulation. If the attempts to reform the tax deduction had been part of a broader reform of the transport sector and the tax system, they might have succeeded in breaking with the old path.","PeriodicalId":336494,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Transport History","volume":"85 6","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133749863","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-19DOI: 10.1177/00225266221133235
P. Lyth
{"title":"Book Review: Flying Blind: The 737 Max Tragedy and the Fall of Boeing by Peter Robison","authors":"P. Lyth","doi":"10.1177/00225266221133235","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00225266221133235","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":336494,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Transport History","volume":"41 3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123508077","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-11DOI: 10.1177/00225266221124532
Nathan Cardon
{"title":"Book Review: Freedom Beyond Confinement: Travel and Imagination in African American Cultural History and Letters by Michael Ra-Shon Hall","authors":"Nathan Cardon","doi":"10.1177/00225266221124532","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00225266221124532","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":336494,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Transport History","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114606758","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-06DOI: 10.1177/00225266221124081
C. Kopper
{"title":"Book Review: Automobility and the City in Twentieth Century Britain and Japan by Simon Gunn/Susan C. Townsend","authors":"C. Kopper","doi":"10.1177/00225266221124081","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00225266221124081","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":336494,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Transport History","volume":"27 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127156116","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-06DOI: 10.1177/00225266221124051
Sophie Vohra
{"title":"Book Review: Railways & Music by Julia Winterson","authors":"Sophie Vohra","doi":"10.1177/00225266221124051","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00225266221124051","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":336494,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Transport History","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127545261","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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