Serving as a cultural center and a border and a university town, Edirne is an important city of Turkey. Edirne also has historical significance as one of the three historical capitals of the Ottoman Empire (the other two are Bursa and Istanbul, respectively). The history of Edirne dates back to the 35th century BCE. This historically prosperous city hosts many monuments from the Ottoman period; however, there are only a few urban and architectural remains from other periods.The creation of the form of the city of Edirne is an example of synoecism, by which a group of small elements in an open pattern of organization, i.e., not subject to a rigid preconceived order, coalesce over time to form a larger entity.The form of Edirne is the result of three distinct types of urban development that are characteristic of three eras in the city's history: Roman/Byzantine, Ottoman, and Modern. The Roman/Byzantine form was incorporated into the Ottoman city that, in turn, was converted into a more homogeneous form in the modern era. Both the Roman/Byzantine and Ottoman patterns persist in the modern city. In this article, the city of Edirne is considered as a whole and the morphology of Edirne is shown to be an organic urban development model.
{"title":"The Urban Morphology of Edirne","authors":"Nevnihal Erdoğan","doi":"10.3311/ppar.23190","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3311/ppar.23190","url":null,"abstract":"Serving as a cultural center and a border and a university town, Edirne is an important city of Turkey. Edirne also has historical significance as one of the three historical capitals of the Ottoman Empire (the other two are Bursa and Istanbul, respectively). The history of Edirne dates back to the 35th century BCE. This historically prosperous city hosts many monuments from the Ottoman period; however, there are only a few urban and architectural remains from other periods.The creation of the form of the city of Edirne is an example of synoecism, by which a group of small elements in an open pattern of organization, i.e., not subject to a rigid preconceived order, coalesce over time to form a larger entity.The form of Edirne is the result of three distinct types of urban development that are characteristic of three eras in the city's history: Roman/Byzantine, Ottoman, and Modern. The Roman/Byzantine form was incorporated into the Ottoman city that, in turn, was converted into a more homogeneous form in the modern era. Both the Roman/Byzantine and Ottoman patterns persist in the modern city. In this article, the city of Edirne is considered as a whole and the morphology of Edirne is shown to be an organic urban development model.","PeriodicalId":33684,"journal":{"name":"Periodica Polytechnica Architecture","volume":"41 25","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141109698","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Urban spaces, as the material representatives of past capital accumulation strategies, survive or get replaced on the basis of actors' strategies and partnerships. Periodization allows conceptualising these decisions and subsequent spatial change with respect to evolving local and national settings. The study focuses on expanding such approaches to Türkiye's experience beyond the two primate cities Istanbul and Ankara by the example of a secondary city, Bursa. The study uses maps, plans, official documents and newspapers corresponding to the periods and literature to form the connections between the actors' decisions and the spatial changes. The results highlight that while the previous periods' urban fabric and heritage is being replaced during the neoliberal era in parallel with the national experience, the problems faced as a secondary centre in close proximity to a primate city reduces local agency much more severely, leaving the urban space more vulnerable to exogenous influences.
{"title":"Imperial Past, Neoliberal Present, Dependent Future: A Political-Economic Approach to Urban Development of Bursa","authors":"Arda Tuncer, Alper Gönül","doi":"10.3311/ppar.23057","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3311/ppar.23057","url":null,"abstract":"Urban spaces, as the material representatives of past capital accumulation strategies, survive or get replaced on the basis of actors' strategies and partnerships. Periodization allows conceptualising these decisions and subsequent spatial change with respect to evolving local and national settings. The study focuses on expanding such approaches to Türkiye's experience beyond the two primate cities Istanbul and Ankara by the example of a secondary city, Bursa. The study uses maps, plans, official documents and newspapers corresponding to the periods and literature to form the connections between the actors' decisions and the spatial changes. The results highlight that while the previous periods' urban fabric and heritage is being replaced during the neoliberal era in parallel with the national experience, the problems faced as a secondary centre in close proximity to a primate city reduces local agency much more severely, leaving the urban space more vulnerable to exogenous influences.","PeriodicalId":33684,"journal":{"name":"Periodica Polytechnica Architecture","volume":"15 15","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140966713","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The environmental, economic, and social sustainability of construction project management was researched through a literature review in this study. This paper aimed to analyze the trends in studies about issues in sustainable project management and to research the importance and components of environmental, economic, and social sustainability and their interrelationships. In the scope of the bibliometric analysis, the articles were analyzed by their publication years, authors, authors' countries, authors' organizations, and keyword occurrences. Then, the problems in ensuring the sustainability of construction project management and suggestions for overcoming these problems were reviewed. In previous studies, high energy and raw material consumption and waste became the main factors that prevented environmental sustainability. A strong relationship was found between economic sustainability and life cycle cost assessment, and effective stakeholder engagement is considered the major contributor to the social sustainability of construction management. Sustainability regulations and policies, managerial capabilities, and organizational learning also have critical significance for achieving sustainable construction. The dimensions of sustainability in construction management are closely related to one another, and each one is crucial to achieving the other aspects of sustainability in construction projects. Therefore, a comprehensive strategy that takes into account social, economic, and environmental sustainability criteria should be adopted in construction project management.
{"title":"Bibliometric Analysis of Key Issues and Objectives in Environmental, Economic, and Social Sustainable Project Management","authors":"Ahmet Burak Koçak, A. Toprakli","doi":"10.3311/ppar.22807","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3311/ppar.22807","url":null,"abstract":"The environmental, economic, and social sustainability of construction project management was researched through a literature review in this study. This paper aimed to analyze the trends in studies about issues in sustainable project management and to research the importance and components of environmental, economic, and social sustainability and their interrelationships. In the scope of the bibliometric analysis, the articles were analyzed by their publication years, authors, authors' countries, authors' organizations, and keyword occurrences. Then, the problems in ensuring the sustainability of construction project management and suggestions for overcoming these problems were reviewed. In previous studies, high energy and raw material consumption and waste became the main factors that prevented environmental sustainability. A strong relationship was found between economic sustainability and life cycle cost assessment, and effective stakeholder engagement is considered the major contributor to the social sustainability of construction management. Sustainability regulations and policies, managerial capabilities, and organizational learning also have critical significance for achieving sustainable construction. The dimensions of sustainability in construction management are closely related to one another, and each one is crucial to achieving the other aspects of sustainability in construction projects. Therefore, a comprehensive strategy that takes into account social, economic, and environmental sustainability criteria should be adopted in construction project management.","PeriodicalId":33684,"journal":{"name":"Periodica Polytechnica Architecture","volume":" 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140998768","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Built Environment Education (BEE) plays an important role in urban sustainability as citizens who are more aware of the surrounding architectural heritage have better opportunities to develop a sense of place and place attachment. Themes and stories make the architectural fabric of a city more legible that is why urban walking tours are such a popular format for BEE initiatives. These experience-based educative events are originally constructed for visitors (mainly tourists) of a city to receive in-situ impressions of the built heritage during their visit. But in recent years, the new phenomenon of proximity tourism appeared, inviting locals to participate in walking tours to discover their own neighbourhood, rendering this tourist-focused activity into a BEE tool for adults.Urban walks have been used in architectural education at the university level for quite some time, and recently organisations focusing on BEE have adapted the format as well, which therefore can reach a wide range of audiences. This research presents the quantitative and geo-referenced analysis of 449 photos taken during the walking tours by participants and a qualitative content analysis of the photos. The results of a questionnaire completed by 119 students upon the end of their walking tour are presented and analysed to determine the effectiveness of this BEE methodology. Results show that the experience-based format of urban walking tours in the context of BEE can contribute to the forming of sense of place for participants, and therefore should be considered as an educational tool.
{"title":"The Urban Walking Tour as an Experience-based Methodology for Built Environment Education in Budapest","authors":"János Klaniczay","doi":"10.3311/ppar.23235","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3311/ppar.23235","url":null,"abstract":"Built Environment Education (BEE) plays an important role in urban sustainability as citizens who are more aware of the surrounding architectural heritage have better opportunities to develop a sense of place and place attachment. Themes and stories make the architectural fabric of a city more legible that is why urban walking tours are such a popular format for BEE initiatives. These experience-based educative events are originally constructed for visitors (mainly tourists) of a city to receive in-situ impressions of the built heritage during their visit. But in recent years, the new phenomenon of proximity tourism appeared, inviting locals to participate in walking tours to discover their own neighbourhood, rendering this tourist-focused activity into a BEE tool for adults.Urban walks have been used in architectural education at the university level for quite some time, and recently organisations focusing on BEE have adapted the format as well, which therefore can reach a wide range of audiences. This research presents the quantitative and geo-referenced analysis of 449 photos taken during the walking tours by participants and a qualitative content analysis of the photos. The results of a questionnaire completed by 119 students upon the end of their walking tour are presented and analysed to determine the effectiveness of this BEE methodology. Results show that the experience-based format of urban walking tours in the context of BEE can contribute to the forming of sense of place for participants, and therefore should be considered as an educational tool.","PeriodicalId":33684,"journal":{"name":"Periodica Polytechnica Architecture","volume":" 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140690495","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The concept of user-centered design has recently been accepted in contemporary design teachings and has created new perspectives in the design field. This article aims to evaluate the contemporary mosques built in Türkiye from a user-centered perspective. In this context, first of all, the concept of user-centered design was included and the necessity of a pluralistic environment in decision-making processes was emphasized in order to create an ideal publicity phenomenon. In the context of the conceptual framework created, contemporary mosque examples built in the 21st century were selected and presented to the preference of architect and non-architect participant groups. Decision criteria that are thought to affect the choice of participants are aesthetic value, material and workmanship, dimensions of the building, religious symbols in the building, and the brand value of the building. These factors, which may be effective in the choice of contemporary mosques, were evaluated with the Analytic Hierarchy Process method. Accordingly, it was observed that the main criteria constituting the contemporary mosque preferences of the architect group were aesthetics, the brand value of the building, material, and workmanship criteria. On the other hand, the main criterion constituting the contemporary mosque preferences of the non-architect group was the presence of religious symbols. Accordingly, it was observed that architectural profession ideologies affected and differentiated the reasons for preference. As a result, it was concluded that the ideology of the architectural profession is effective in the construction process of the contemporary built environment.
{"title":"Determining the Criteria Related to the Preference of Contemporary Mosques by the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) Method within the Context of User-centered Design","authors":"Beyza Onur, Ömer Özeren","doi":"10.3311/ppar.22729","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3311/ppar.22729","url":null,"abstract":"The concept of user-centered design has recently been accepted in contemporary design teachings and has created new perspectives in the design field. This article aims to evaluate the contemporary mosques built in Türkiye from a user-centered perspective. In this context, first of all, the concept of user-centered design was included and the necessity of a pluralistic environment in decision-making processes was emphasized in order to create an ideal publicity phenomenon. In the context of the conceptual framework created, contemporary mosque examples built in the 21st century were selected and presented to the preference of architect and non-architect participant groups. Decision criteria that are thought to affect the choice of participants are aesthetic value, material and workmanship, dimensions of the building, religious symbols in the building, and the brand value of the building. These factors, which may be effective in the choice of contemporary mosques, were evaluated with the Analytic Hierarchy Process method. Accordingly, it was observed that the main criteria constituting the contemporary mosque preferences of the architect group were aesthetics, the brand value of the building, material, and workmanship criteria. On the other hand, the main criterion constituting the contemporary mosque preferences of the non-architect group was the presence of religious symbols. Accordingly, it was observed that architectural profession ideologies affected and differentiated the reasons for preference. As a result, it was concluded that the ideology of the architectural profession is effective in the construction process of the contemporary built environment.","PeriodicalId":33684,"journal":{"name":"Periodica Polytechnica Architecture","volume":"54 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140730095","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Moisture in historic built heritage is one of the main degenerative agents, because it supports or manifests itself through multiple pathologies. Current knowledge allows for the diagnosis and assessment of the problem, but there are deficiencies in the evaluation of corrective systems due to the time it takes for moisture to become significant. In response, this study proposes an experimental methodology that aims to reproduce the accelerated aging of real scale specimens under laboratory conditions. Thereby improving the understanding of the impact of moisture related deterioration on masonry structures. To achive this, eight masonry walls were constructed and subjected to eight cycles of sulfate crystallization. They were saturated with different sulfate concentrations (5% or 10%) and exposed to different drying conditions (outdoor or solar dehydrator) in order to identify the factors favoring sulfate crystallization and the resulting deterioration. The progress of the experiments was monitored using a hygrometer, a thermographic camera and photogrammetry. The results indicate that it is possible to induce efflorescence in real scale specimens. Temperature and moisture monitoring helped identify the solar dehydrator as a more effective drying treatment. While digital photogrammetry was considered inefficient for quantifying volumetric damage, since this technique can present errors greater than 2%, a value exceeding the observed wear. Reason why the weight of material detached at the end of the experiment was recorded and a positive correlation between the increase in sulfate concentration and the use of the dehydrator was observed. Finally, pertinent considerations are made to improve the experimental conditions.
{"title":"Crystallization Cycles in Masonry Walls: Experimental Technique to Develop Accelerated Aging on a Real Scale","authors":"Isaías Edén Vizcaíno Hernández, Alejandro Acosta Collazo, Ernesto Cervantes López","doi":"10.3311/ppar.23348","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3311/ppar.23348","url":null,"abstract":"Moisture in historic built heritage is one of the main degenerative agents, because it supports or manifests itself through multiple pathologies. Current knowledge allows for the diagnosis and assessment of the problem, but there are deficiencies in the evaluation of corrective systems due to the time it takes for moisture to become significant. In response, this study proposes an experimental methodology that aims to reproduce the accelerated aging of real scale specimens under laboratory conditions. Thereby improving the understanding of the impact of moisture related deterioration on masonry structures. To achive this, eight masonry walls were constructed and subjected to eight cycles of sulfate crystallization. They were saturated with different sulfate concentrations (5% or 10%) and exposed to different drying conditions (outdoor or solar dehydrator) in order to identify the factors favoring sulfate crystallization and the resulting deterioration. The progress of the experiments was monitored using a hygrometer, a thermographic camera and photogrammetry. The results indicate that it is possible to induce efflorescence in real scale specimens. Temperature and moisture monitoring helped identify the solar dehydrator as a more effective drying treatment. While digital photogrammetry was considered inefficient for quantifying volumetric damage, since this technique can present errors greater than 2%, a value exceeding the observed wear. Reason why the weight of material detached at the end of the experiment was recorded and a positive correlation between the increase in sulfate concentration and the use of the dehydrator was observed. Finally, pertinent considerations are made to improve the experimental conditions.","PeriodicalId":33684,"journal":{"name":"Periodica Polytechnica Architecture","volume":"12 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140264182","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The increase in the elderly population all over the world has made it necessary for many disciplines, from health to psychology, from economics to humanities, to conduct field-oriented studies. Architecture is one of the disciplines that play an important role in old age in terms of its relationship with the built environment. This study aims to reveal the intellectual structure, research topics, and trends of scientific studies on elderly users in the discipline of architecture. In this study, in which bibliometric analysis of articles for older adults was made in the Web of Science database between 1975 and 2022, the structure of the field and relations were analyzed by creating science maps through performance analysis and VOSviewer software. In the analyzes made, it has been seen that the number of articles on the elderly has increased in recent years. Although it has a wide distribution in terms of subject variety; housing, aging in place, age-friendly environment, and accessibility are the current topics in the field. This study contributes to the literature by presenting the current course of elderly user-oriented studies in architecture from a bibliographic perspective. On the other hand, it is thought to be a guide for new research by revealing the deficiencies in the field.
世界各地老年人口的增加使得许多学科，从健康到心理学，从经济学到人文科学，都有必要进行面向实地的研究。就建筑与建筑环境的关系而言，建筑是在老年生活中发挥重要作用的学科之一。本研究旨在揭示建筑学科中老年用户的智力结构、研究课题和科学研究趋势。本研究对1975 - 2022年Web of Science数据库中老年人文章进行了文献计量分析，通过性能分析和VOSviewer软件创建科学地图，分析了该领域的结构和关系。从所做的分析中可以看出，近年来关于老年人的文章数量有所增加。虽然在题材种类上分布广泛;住房、老龄化到位、老年人友好环境和无障碍是该领域当前的主题。本研究通过从书目的角度介绍当前以老年用户为导向的建筑研究的进程，为文献做出了贡献。另一方面，通过揭示该领域的不足之处，它被认为是新研究的指南。
{"title":"Reading the Older People Researches in Architecture through Bibliometric Analysis (1975-2022)","authors":"Reyhan MİDİLLİ SARI, Hande Eyüboğlu","doi":"10.3311/ppar.22097","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3311/ppar.22097","url":null,"abstract":"The increase in the elderly population all over the world has made it necessary for many disciplines, from health to psychology, from economics to humanities, to conduct field-oriented studies. Architecture is one of the disciplines that play an important role in old age in terms of its relationship with the built environment. This study aims to reveal the intellectual structure, research topics, and trends of scientific studies on elderly users in the discipline of architecture. In this study, in which bibliometric analysis of articles for older adults was made in the Web of Science database between 1975 and 2022, the structure of the field and relations were analyzed by creating science maps through performance analysis and VOSviewer software. In the analyzes made, it has been seen that the number of articles on the elderly has increased in recent years. Although it has a wide distribution in terms of subject variety; housing, aging in place, age-friendly environment, and accessibility are the current topics in the field. This study contributes to the literature by presenting the current course of elderly user-oriented studies in architecture from a bibliographic perspective. On the other hand, it is thought to be a guide for new research by revealing the deficiencies in the field.","PeriodicalId":33684,"journal":{"name":"Periodica Polytechnica Architecture","volume":"54 17","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138588028","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Throughout history different kinds of composite materials were used for several reasons. Mixing components with different properties the emerging new material can show highly improved material characteristics. This article copes with Advanced Fiber Reinforced Polymer (FRP) as structural material. The trend of the utilization of FRP is continuously increasing not only in transportation or sport industry but also in building industry. Beside the traditionally used base materials new fiber and resin materials are still developing. This paper reviews the brief history of FRP and its often-used base materials. Material properties, advantages and disadvantages, production methods are also discussed.
{"title":"Brief History of Fiber Reinforced Polymers as Structural Material","authors":"Cecília Nemessanyi","doi":"10.3311/ppar.23291","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3311/ppar.23291","url":null,"abstract":"Throughout history different kinds of composite materials were used for several reasons. Mixing components with different properties the emerging new material can show highly improved material characteristics. This article copes with Advanced Fiber Reinforced Polymer (FRP) as structural material. The trend of the utilization of FRP is continuously increasing not only in transportation or sport industry but also in building industry. Beside the traditionally used base materials new fiber and resin materials are still developing. This paper reviews the brief history of FRP and its often-used base materials. Material properties, advantages and disadvantages, production methods are also discussed.","PeriodicalId":33684,"journal":{"name":"Periodica Polytechnica Architecture","volume":"207 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139242559","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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