Conventional production methods used in the production process of bricks as a building material causes several impacts on the environment and climate change due to greenhouse gas emissions and waste generation. The life cycle assessment (LCA) methodology is used to determine a material's carbon footprint from cradle to grave, including all production processes from the extraction of raw materials to the disposal of waste materials or re-use of recycled materials. It is important to examine the energy and material flow of the product using the LCA methodology to develop sustainable solutions in the production processes of brick material. This preliminary study aims to review existing LCA approaches about bricks, obtain bibliometric data from the published papers that include the analysis of the life cycle of bricks, and form a basis for the main study by analyzing literature data. Within the scope of this study, the bibliometric analysis method is used to examine available literature about the LCA of bricks, research gaps are investigated, and bibliometric mapping is implemented using several co-occurrences such as authorship, publication years, countries, keywords, etc. Web of Science and Scopus databases are used for bibliometric mapping. The results of the study show that it is an emerging research topic mostly studied in the context of environmental sciences, engineering, and technology that needs further research, especially in Turkey. Also, this topic is generally covered with and related to building materials, sustainability, waste management, biosolids, carbon emission, environmental impacts, recycling, and circular economy.
砖作为一种建筑材料，在生产过程中使用的传统生产方法由于温室气体排放和废物产生，对环境和气候变化造成了一些影响。生命周期评估(LCA)方法用于确定材料从摇篮到坟墓的碳足迹，包括从原材料提取到废物处理或回收材料再利用的所有生产过程。重要的是要使用LCA方法来检查产品的能量和物质流，以在砖材料的生产过程中开发可持续的解决方案。本初步研究旨在回顾现有关于砖的生命周期分析方法，从已发表的包含砖生命周期分析的论文中获取文献计量学数据，并通过文献数据分析为主要研究奠定基础。在本研究范围内，采用文献计量分析方法对砖块的LCA的现有文献进行了检查，调查了研究空白，并使用作者、出版年份、国家、关键词等共现现象实现了文献计量制图。使用Web of Science和Scopus数据库进行文献计量制图。研究结果表明，这是一个新兴的研究课题，主要在环境科学、工程和技术的背景下进行研究，需要进一步研究，特别是在土耳其。此外，该主题通常涉及建筑材料，可持续性，废物管理，生物固体，碳排放，环境影响，回收和循环经济。
{"title":"A Bibliometric Analysis on Life Cycle Assessment of Bricks","authors":"Yusuf Esidir, A. B. Gültekin","doi":"10.3311/ppar.21399","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3311/ppar.21399","url":null,"abstract":"Conventional production methods used in the production process of bricks as a building material causes several impacts on the environment and climate change due to greenhouse gas emissions and waste generation. The life cycle assessment (LCA) methodology is used to determine a material's carbon footprint from cradle to grave, including all production processes from the extraction of raw materials to the disposal of waste materials or re-use of recycled materials. It is important to examine the energy and material flow of the product using the LCA methodology to develop sustainable solutions in the production processes of brick material. This preliminary study aims to review existing LCA approaches about bricks, obtain bibliometric data from the published papers that include the analysis of the life cycle of bricks, and form a basis for the main study by analyzing literature data. Within the scope of this study, the bibliometric analysis method is used to examine available literature about the LCA of bricks, research gaps are investigated, and bibliometric mapping is implemented using several co-occurrences such as authorship, publication years, countries, keywords, etc. Web of Science and Scopus databases are used for bibliometric mapping. The results of the study show that it is an emerging research topic mostly studied in the context of environmental sciences, engineering, and technology that needs further research, especially in Turkey. Also, this topic is generally covered with and related to building materials, sustainability, waste management, biosolids, carbon emission, environmental impacts, recycling, and circular economy.","PeriodicalId":33684,"journal":{"name":"Periodica Polytechnica Architecture","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89258717","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Although the notion of topological interlocking (TI) is not new, today's environment of parametric design tools encourages architects and engineers to reconsider the potential of TI systems and alternative geometries for TI blocks. This paper aims to generate alternatives for TI blocks by increasing the contact surface area of interlocking using X-joints to demonstrate the relationship between contact surface incrementation and structural performance of slab-like TI assemblies. A case study is presented in which two flat vaults with dimensions of 50 × 50 cm were designed using truncated octahedra and a new geometry based on X-joints added to the truncated octahedra. Each flat vault was subjected to a finite element analysis using SimScale to compare structural performances using displacement and von Mises stress maps. According to the findings, there was a 74.7% improvement in displacement and 76.8% reduction in von Mises stresses. Another analysis was conducted over a seven-element system by applying force to the centre element to measure the results on a single element. Results indicated a 41.7% improvement in displacement and a 39% reduction in von Mises stresses. The improved structural performance was demonstrated through these two-stage evaluations.
{"title":"Structural Performance of Topologically Interlocked Flat Vaults According to Joint Details","authors":"Aybala Tuba Kurucu, Z. İlerisoy","doi":"10.3311/ppar.19509","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3311/ppar.19509","url":null,"abstract":"Although the notion of topological interlocking (TI) is not new, today's environment of parametric design tools encourages architects and engineers to reconsider the potential of TI systems and alternative geometries for TI blocks. This paper aims to generate alternatives for TI blocks by increasing the contact surface area of interlocking using X-joints to demonstrate the relationship between contact surface incrementation and structural performance of slab-like TI assemblies. A case study is presented in which two flat vaults with dimensions of 50 × 50 cm were designed using truncated octahedra and a new geometry based on X-joints added to the truncated octahedra. Each flat vault was subjected to a finite element analysis using SimScale to compare structural performances using displacement and von Mises stress maps. According to the findings, there was a 74.7% improvement in displacement and 76.8% reduction in von Mises stresses. Another analysis was conducted over a seven-element system by applying force to the centre element to measure the results on a single element. Results indicated a 41.7% improvement in displacement and a 39% reduction in von Mises stresses. The improved structural performance was demonstrated through these two-stage evaluations.","PeriodicalId":33684,"journal":{"name":"Periodica Polytechnica Architecture","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89290674","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In the present study, we analysed the laser-scanned point cloud of the stellar vault of the Inner City Parish Church of Budapest's Matthias oratorio. Our analysis concerned the global geometry of the rib network, as well as the webbing. During the study of the rib system, we reconstructed a probable construction method of the late 15th – early 16th-century vault, which seems to be a self-contained construction system in regard to the rib system's plan, the height of the junction points and the curvature of the individual ribs. We found, that to the latter the widely known "Prinzipalbogen" theory applies, however, the "theory of the longest route", which is often mentioned together with the former, most likely was not used. Mapping the webbing and the ribs allowed us to examine the building technique of the webs too.
{"title":"A Self-contained Stellar Vault Construction Method. The Vault of the Matthias Oratorio in the Inner City Parish Church of Budapest","authors":"Eszter Jobbik, J. Krähling","doi":"10.3311/ppar.21454","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3311/ppar.21454","url":null,"abstract":"In the present study, we analysed the laser-scanned point cloud of the stellar vault of the Inner City Parish Church of Budapest's Matthias oratorio. Our analysis concerned the global geometry of the rib network, as well as the webbing. During the study of the rib system, we reconstructed a probable construction method of the late 15th – early 16th-century vault, which seems to be a self-contained construction system in regard to the rib system's plan, the height of the junction points and the curvature of the individual ribs. We found, that to the latter the widely known \"Prinzipalbogen\" theory applies, however, the \"theory of the longest route\", which is often mentioned together with the former, most likely was not used. Mapping the webbing and the ribs allowed us to examine the building technique of the webs too.","PeriodicalId":33684,"journal":{"name":"Periodica Polytechnica Architecture","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90505974","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Damaged infrastructure and society's sense of ownership has to be rebuilt simultaneously during the aftermath of civil conflicts. Otherwise, heritage can become a barrier rather than an aid to integrated recovery.Syrian heritage is protected and monitored by the Antiquities Law; however, this law has not been updated since 1999. Thus, it is unable to deal appropriately with the post-war situation. When international actors and funders started reconstructing heritage sites in 2016, they could not rely on a central governmental heritage strategy, so many developed their strategies and agendas. The fragility of Syrian law compared to the international agendas resulted in various treatments and actions. While some projects have achieved a high quality of protection, others have not considered integration within recovery plans. This led to a research gap on the best ways to carry out heritage protection activities in Syria.This paper fills this gap in knowledge by describing the policy environment in Syria regarding the most frequently applied treatment and action methods while differentiating the treatment models and patterns that align modern purposes with authenticity. The results include a comparative classification strategy showcasing the Syrian conservation practice, highlighting the shared ideals, aims, and parameters. The developed assessment method and classification system can be applied to objectively determine the best ways to deal with any new heritage project in the Syrian context.
{"title":"Dealing with Heritage in Syria: The Analysis of the Conflict Period (2011–2021)","authors":"Mai Zugaibi","doi":"10.3311/ppar.20422","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3311/ppar.20422","url":null,"abstract":"Damaged infrastructure and society's sense of ownership has to be rebuilt simultaneously during the aftermath of civil conflicts. Otherwise, heritage can become a barrier rather than an aid to integrated recovery.Syrian heritage is protected and monitored by the Antiquities Law; however, this law has not been updated since 1999. Thus, it is unable to deal appropriately with the post-war situation. When international actors and funders started reconstructing heritage sites in 2016, they could not rely on a central governmental heritage strategy, so many developed their strategies and agendas. The fragility of Syrian law compared to the international agendas resulted in various treatments and actions. While some projects have achieved a high quality of protection, others have not considered integration within recovery plans. This led to a research gap on the best ways to carry out heritage protection activities in Syria.This paper fills this gap in knowledge by describing the policy environment in Syria regarding the most frequently applied treatment and action methods while differentiating the treatment models and patterns that align modern purposes with authenticity. The results include a comparative classification strategy showcasing the Syrian conservation practice, highlighting the shared ideals, aims, and parameters. The developed assessment method and classification system can be applied to objectively determine the best ways to deal with any new heritage project in the Syrian context.","PeriodicalId":33684,"journal":{"name":"Periodica Polytechnica Architecture","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89794086","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This article examines the construction of Baku city, which has undergone rapid change in recent years following the effects of globalisation, and where many new and iconic buildings have been built. These buildings have influenced the formation of Baku's new city image. The study focuses on how the texture of the newly built (2009-2018) contemporary buildings, primarily medium and large-scale projects, in intense development areas have affected the city's architectural identity.The selected 27 buildings were examined according to seven developed design criteria that examine the features affecting architectural identity. The results obtained with the findings are presented in the tables. Within the examination of the architectural development of Baku, the regions where the new buildings are mostly built, the west coast of the Caspian Sea and the urban development area Haydar Aliyev Street are discussed. While the still young 27-year-old republic focused on the intense modern city image, there were losses in the interesting urban and architectural texture during the period.
{"title":"The Role of Globalisation in Baku's New City","authors":"Gumru Mırzaliyeva, N. Erdoğan","doi":"10.3311/ppar.20022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3311/ppar.20022","url":null,"abstract":"This article examines the construction of Baku city, which has undergone rapid change in recent years following the effects of globalisation, and where many new and iconic buildings have been built. These buildings have influenced the formation of Baku's new city image. The study focuses on how the texture of the newly built (2009-2018) contemporary buildings, primarily medium and large-scale projects, in intense development areas have affected the city's architectural identity.The selected 27 buildings were examined according to seven developed design criteria that examine the features affecting architectural identity. The results obtained with the findings are presented in the tables. Within the examination of the architectural development of Baku, the regions where the new buildings are mostly built, the west coast of the Caspian Sea and the urban development area Haydar Aliyev Street are discussed. While the still young 27-year-old republic focused on the intense modern city image, there were losses in the interesting urban and architectural texture during the period.","PeriodicalId":33684,"journal":{"name":"Periodica Polytechnica Architecture","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87240051","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The advent of digital not only fosters new possibilities in creation but also in conservation. Architectural preservation evoked in the Modern period, when mimicry, a standard method of creation was paused and the intention to preserve past notations of architecture awakened. Now, what is the future of Modernism in the Digital archive?Digital Modern manifests the revival of this objective with actual tools. Digital proposes a new approach to history and the treatment of the past by keeping all records recallable to the present. Cloud computing proposes timeless history, where previous memory stored in algorithms is available at the level of representation. This essay shows how Modern architectural notations are explicitly inherited by the Computational era and introduce the correlation between typology and digital patterns. The period influenced by the industrial revolution and universal solutions prepared the platform for the current era influenced by the digital revolution.To understand the relationship between the two dominant epochs, this essay relies on the notions of mimicry, rules, models and methods as modes of repetition and creation crosslinked with different stages of technological development in history. This will lead to the understanding how virtual copies create a new chapter in mimesis and provokes a new chronological approach. The research methodology does not follow a linear timeline but builds on simultaneous perspectives of the Digital Modern phenomenon.
{"title":"Reprogramming Modernism","authors":"Melinda Bognár","doi":"10.3311/ppar.20748","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3311/ppar.20748","url":null,"abstract":"The advent of digital not only fosters new possibilities in creation but also in conservation. Architectural preservation evoked in the Modern period, when mimicry, a standard method of creation was paused and the intention to preserve past notations of architecture awakened. Now, what is the future of Modernism in the Digital archive?Digital Modern manifests the revival of this objective with actual tools. Digital proposes a new approach to history and the treatment of the past by keeping all records recallable to the present. Cloud computing proposes timeless history, where previous memory stored in algorithms is available at the level of representation. This essay shows how Modern architectural notations are explicitly inherited by the Computational era and introduce the correlation between typology and digital patterns. The period influenced by the industrial revolution and universal solutions prepared the platform for the current era influenced by the digital revolution.To understand the relationship between the two dominant epochs, this essay relies on the notions of mimicry, rules, models and methods as modes of repetition and creation crosslinked with different stages of technological development in history. This will lead to the understanding how virtual copies create a new chapter in mimesis and provokes a new chronological approach. The research methodology does not follow a linear timeline but builds on simultaneous perspectives of the Digital Modern phenomenon.","PeriodicalId":33684,"journal":{"name":"Periodica Polytechnica Architecture","volume":"189 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83054068","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Throughout history, water has been one of the defining elements of life in all cultures. In line with the needs of society, public spaces have been designed for their access to water. Baths are also structures built for faith, cleanliness and health. The study examines the spatial organisation in the Ottoman Period baths through examples. Following this, the baths in Erzurum, a winter city, are discussed. Within the scope of the study, 13 baths in the Yakutiye district of Erzurum, which still exists today, were examined through literature and plan drawings. As a result of the evaluations, it was determined that, in some, the function has changed, while others have undergone spatial changes. Only two of Erzurum's hammams have undergone a function change, namely Askeri Hammam and Şeyhler Hammam. Although Gümrük Hammam continues to preserve its function, it is no longer operational. Other hammams, however, still operate in the same way. This study draws attention to the baths that had particular importance for cleanliness, health and rituals during the period. The study area is located in Eastern Anatolia, home to many Ottoman-era baths in Turkey; it is bordered by the city of Erzurum, which has been home to many civilisations. This study contributes to the literature on how the culturally important baths of the Ottoman Period are organised as a place.
{"title":"Spatial Analysis of Ottoman Hammams in Erzurum","authors":"Firdevs Kulak Torun, Semiha İsmailoğlu","doi":"10.3311/ppar.20556","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3311/ppar.20556","url":null,"abstract":"Throughout history, water has been one of the defining elements of life in all cultures. In line with the needs of society, public spaces have been designed for their access to water. Baths are also structures built for faith, cleanliness and health. The study examines the spatial organisation in the Ottoman Period baths through examples. Following this, the baths in Erzurum, a winter city, are discussed. Within the scope of the study, 13 baths in the Yakutiye district of Erzurum, which still exists today, were examined through literature and plan drawings. As a result of the evaluations, it was determined that, in some, the function has changed, while others have undergone spatial changes. Only two of Erzurum's hammams have undergone a function change, namely Askeri Hammam and Şeyhler Hammam. Although Gümrük Hammam continues to preserve its function, it is no longer operational. Other hammams, however, still operate in the same way. This study draws attention to the baths that had particular importance for cleanliness, health and rituals during the period. The study area is located in Eastern Anatolia, home to many Ottoman-era baths in Turkey; it is bordered by the city of Erzurum, which has been home to many civilisations. This study contributes to the literature on how the culturally important baths of the Ottoman Period are organised as a place.","PeriodicalId":33684,"journal":{"name":"Periodica Polytechnica Architecture","volume":"351 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72422352","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In international conservation documents, adaptation is considered an important conservation process for culturally important places. It is especially important when the cultural context changes, as is the case with medieval castles, many of which were altered or built for military and domestic use in the Middle Ages. Medieval castles which are no longer used for their initial functions, are mostly non-functional today, and non-functional buildings often disintegrate into nature and disappear in time. Therefore, maintaining their relevance and cultural significance depends on appropriate adaptation strategies. When adapting a historic building, it is essential to design for the current use and needs, referring to conservation principles. It is also important to blend cultural heritage consciousness with creativity, and this can be achieved by balancing conservation and design practices. Therefore, in addition to design parameters, characteristics of the existing building should be meticulously analysed, and design concepts should be predicated on sustaining the existing values and meanings while adding contemporary ones. It is the purpose of this research to discuss and contribute to the theory of adaptation regarding medieval castle conversions by analysing three related case studies from Northern Italy. The findings lead to the proposal of a diagram, the focus of which is on the conceptual parameters of the multi-dimensional theory of adaptive (re)use, to be used for the design process of historic buildings.
{"title":"Conservation and Adaptation for Medieval Castles: The Case of Messner Mountain Museums","authors":"A. Özmen","doi":"10.3311/ppar.20604","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3311/ppar.20604","url":null,"abstract":"In international conservation documents, adaptation is considered an important conservation process for culturally important places. It is especially important when the cultural context changes, as is the case with medieval castles, many of which were altered or built for military and domestic use in the Middle Ages. Medieval castles which are no longer used for their initial functions, are mostly non-functional today, and non-functional buildings often disintegrate into nature and disappear in time. Therefore, maintaining their relevance and cultural significance depends on appropriate adaptation strategies. When adapting a historic building, it is essential to design for the current use and needs, referring to conservation principles. It is also important to blend cultural heritage consciousness with creativity, and this can be achieved by balancing conservation and design practices. Therefore, in addition to design parameters, characteristics of the existing building should be meticulously analysed, and design concepts should be predicated on sustaining the existing values and meanings while adding contemporary ones. It is the purpose of this research to discuss and contribute to the theory of adaptation regarding medieval castle conversions by analysing three related case studies from Northern Italy. The findings lead to the proposal of a diagram, the focus of which is on the conceptual parameters of the multi-dimensional theory of adaptive (re)use, to be used for the design process of historic buildings.","PeriodicalId":33684,"journal":{"name":"Periodica Polytechnica Architecture","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80610144","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In the contemporary understanding of architectural design, the concept is essential in that it drives the creative aspect of a designer, provides design a wealth of meaning, and initiates and shapes the design process. Based on the importance of the concept in architectural design, this study aimed to examine the factors affecting the concept formation of architect candidates/architects in design education and practice. For this purpose, a pilot study in the first phase of the study tested a survey distributed to two groups of participants, namely architecture undergraduate students and practising architects in Ankara, the capital of Turkey. The data obtained from the survey were analyzed with the SPSS software and measurement tools were identified and then, weights of the factors were determined using the Structural Equation Model (SEM). According to the analysis results, the factors affecting concept formation in architectural design are the design problem, context, designer-induced values, and user-induced values according to their weighted importance. One of the main reasons the design problem and context are pioneers in determining concept is that these factors hold a strong place in the traditions and teachings of design education. In addition, depending on the way architecture students and practicing architects experience the profession, their attitudes towards creating concepts in their designs may vary.
{"title":"Concept as the Activist of Creativity in Architectural Design: Exploring Factors Affecting Concept Formation Using the Structural Equation Model","authors":"Beyza Onur","doi":"10.3311/ppar.19143","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3311/ppar.19143","url":null,"abstract":"In the contemporary understanding of architectural design, the concept is essential in that it drives the creative aspect of a designer, provides design a wealth of meaning, and initiates and shapes the design process. Based on the importance of the concept in architectural design, this study aimed to examine the factors affecting the concept formation of architect candidates/architects in design education and practice. For this purpose, a pilot study in the first phase of the study tested a survey distributed to two groups of participants, namely architecture undergraduate students and practising architects in Ankara, the capital of Turkey. The data obtained from the survey were analyzed with the SPSS software and measurement tools were identified and then, weights of the factors were determined using the Structural Equation Model (SEM). According to the analysis results, the factors affecting concept formation in architectural design are the design problem, context, designer-induced values, and user-induced values according to their weighted importance. One of the main reasons the design problem and context are pioneers in determining concept is that these factors hold a strong place in the traditions and teachings of design education. In addition, depending on the way architecture students and practicing architects experience the profession, their attitudes towards creating concepts in their designs may vary.","PeriodicalId":33684,"journal":{"name":"Periodica Polytechnica Architecture","volume":"40 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88373453","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The funerary structures known as kümbets emerged as a unique typology during the Anatolian Seljuk period (1077–1307). The term "kümbet" refers to a monumental tomb that has a tetrahedral, polyhedral, or conical cap. Although the majority of Anatolian Seljuk kümbets underwent renovation work in the 20th century, a lack of guidance and insufficient documentation has resulted in very few of them retaining their original characteristics. To support the decision-making processes of experts in future renovation work, this study introduces a machine learning (ML)-based model that predicts the cap geometry of kümbets through the use of section drawings. The model development process begins with the determination of the methods to be employed (Pix2Pix and SSIM). This is followed by data collection, data preparation and refinement, and the training of the machine learning model. Finally, there is testing and validation of the model. The results of both a two-step validation process and objective evaluations show that the ML-based model presented in this study has the potential to use section data to provide predictions of the cap geometries of kümbets.
{"title":"A Machine Learning-based Model to Predict the Cap Geometry of Anatolian Seljuk Kümbets","authors":"Orkan Zeynel Güzelci","doi":"10.3311/ppar.20112","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3311/ppar.20112","url":null,"abstract":"The funerary structures known as kümbets emerged as a unique typology during the Anatolian Seljuk period (1077–1307). The term \"kümbet\" refers to a monumental tomb that has a tetrahedral, polyhedral, or conical cap. Although the majority of Anatolian Seljuk kümbets underwent renovation work in the 20th century, a lack of guidance and insufficient documentation has resulted in very few of them retaining their original characteristics. To support the decision-making processes of experts in future renovation work, this study introduces a machine learning (ML)-based model that predicts the cap geometry of kümbets through the use of section drawings. The model development process begins with the determination of the methods to be employed (Pix2Pix and SSIM). This is followed by data collection, data preparation and refinement, and the training of the machine learning model. Finally, there is testing and validation of the model. The results of both a two-step validation process and objective evaluations show that the ML-based model presented in this study has the potential to use section data to provide predictions of the cap geometries of kümbets.","PeriodicalId":33684,"journal":{"name":"Periodica Polytechnica Architecture","volume":"10 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74173226","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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