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Issues with Senior Workers in Hong Kong Construction Industry: Preliminary Observations and Intervention Opportunities 香港建造业高龄工人的问题:初步观察及干预机会
Pub Date : 2020-05-19 DOI: 10.3311/ppar.15582
T. Koh, S. Rowlinson, S. Pollock
There is an increasingly larger proportion of workforce 50 years of age or older. This ageing trend is prevalent in the Hong Kong construction industry. The implications of this ageing trend for the construction industry are the decline in workforce productivity due to old age, compromised health, safety, and well-being; and the shortage of workforce. Coupled with various organisational and institutional shortcomings in the industry that lead to unfavourable working environment, these situations not only negatively affect the economic viability of the construction industry but also give rise to other psychosocial problems experienced by the older workers. Despite these situations, we know very little of the conditions older construction workers experience in the construction industry.There is therefore a need to investigate such issues and propose possible interventions to improve the working conditions of the senior workers. With these objectives, in this paper, we first report the findings of a small scale survey on the care of older workers in Hong Kong construction industry, and second propose potential intervention by combining the findings of the survey and our industry observations of the practices implemented by progressive contracting firms in Hong Kong. The findings reveal that despite the industry under appreciation of the ageing workforce, there are interventions implemented by progressive contracting firms that can potentially provide health and safety protection to the workforce of all ages although these firms are small in number. This article is an extended version of a conference paper that appeared as Koh et al. (2019).
50岁或以上的劳动力比例越来越大。这种老化趋势在香港建造业普遍存在。这种老龄化趋势对建筑业的影响是,由于老龄化、健康、安全和福祉受到损害,劳动力生产率下降;劳动力短缺。再加上行业中的各种组织和制度缺陷导致不利的工作环境,这些情况不仅对建筑行业的经济可行性产生负面影响,而且还引起了老年工人所经历的其他社会心理问题。尽管有这些情况,我们对老年建筑工人在建筑行业的经历知之甚少。因此,有必要调查这些问题,并提出可能的干预措施,以改善老年工人的工作条件。有了这些目标,在本文中,我们首先报告了一项关于香港建造业老年工人护理的小规模调查的结果,然后通过结合调查结果和我们对香港渐进式承包公司实施的做法的行业观察,提出了可能的干预措施。调查结果表明,尽管该行业受到劳动力老龄化的重视,但进步承包公司实施了一些干预措施,可能为所有年龄段的劳动力提供健康和安全保护,尽管这些公司数量不多。本文是Koh et al.(2019)发表的一篇会议论文的扩展版本。
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引用次数: 0
The Foam Concretes on the Activated Mixing Water 活化水对泡沫混凝土的影响
Pub Date : 2020-04-17 DOI: 10.3311/ppar.13287
N. Karpenko, V. Erofeev, D. Emelyanov, V. Fomichev, A. Bulgakov, A. Matvievskiy, I. Tretiakov
The paper presents the results of studies of the physical and mechanical properties of foam concrete on activated mixing water. Corrosion resistance of reinforcing steel in foam concrete with the use of activated water in the presence of mineral additives was studied. The use of activated with the electromagnetic field and electric current water of mixing enhances strength characteristics and reduce shrinkage deformation of composites. The increase of water resistance of foam concretes prepared on activated water of mixing compared with control compositions it was established. The comparative characteristic of foam concrete on the two types of foaming agent is given. The results of the anodic behavior of steel in activated water, characterizing the degree of aggressive influence on the steel depending on the activation mode and the chemical composition of mineral additives. This paper is a revised version of the paper (study) published earlier in the proceedings of the Creative Construction Conference 2018 (Karpenko et al., 2018).
本文介绍了活化水对泡沫混凝土物理力学性能的影响。研究了活性水对泡沫混凝土中钢筋在矿物添加剂作用下的耐腐蚀性能。采用具有电磁场和电流的活化水混合,增强了复合材料的强度特性,减少了收缩变形。通过对掺入活性水制备的泡沫混凝土与对照成分的比较,确定了其抗水性能的提高。给出了两种发泡剂对泡沫混凝土性能的影响。钢在活化水中阳极行为的结果,表征了根据活化方式和矿物添加剂的化学成分对钢的侵蚀影响程度。本文是2018年创意建设会议(Karpenko et al., 2018)早些时候发表的论文(研究)的修订版。
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引用次数: 1
Socialist Content in National Form: A Guiding Principle of the "Communist Project" in Romanian Architecture 国家形式中的社会主义内容:罗马尼亚建筑“共产主义工程”的指导原则
Pub Date : 2020-03-30 DOI: 10.3311/ppar.14771
Horia Mihai-Coman
The article follows the theme of "socialist content in national form" in Romanian architecture during a period stretching from approximately 1944 to 1989 – a time interval that is usually associated with the specific political agenda that dominated society in a decisive and profound way throughout the era, which is usually indicated as "communism". This time interval can also be indicated by using other keywords and concepts, such as "socialism", "state socialism", "totalitarianism" or others, sometimes in association with the keyword "communism". For reasons that will be presented in the introduction, the title of the article will prefer the use of the term "the communist project" for indicating the chronological focus of the article; the word "project" also holds a conceptual meaning – therefore being considered appropriate in the context of a mostly conceptual discussion that the article focusses on – as it tries to examine one of the most powerful and influential key concepts of the era: "socialist content in national form".
文章遵循了罗马尼亚建筑在大约1944年至1989年期间的“国家形式的社会主义内容”的主题,这段时间通常与整个时代以决定性和深刻的方式主导社会的特定政治议程有关,通常被称为“共产主义”。这个时间间隔也可以通过使用其他关键词和概念来表示,例如“社会主义”、“国家社会主义”、“极权主义”或其他,有时与关键词“共产主义”联系在一起。由于将在引言中介绍的原因,文章的标题将倾向于使用术语“共产主义项目”来表明文章的时间重点;“项目”一词还具有概念性含义——因此,在本文所关注的主要是概念性讨论的背景下,它被认为是合适的——因为它试图考察这个时代最有力和最有影响力的关键概念之一:“国家形式的社会主义内容”。
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引用次数: 0
The Perspective of Turkey in the Post Occupancy Evaluation Studies 土耳其在占领后评价研究中的视角
Pub Date : 2020-03-02 DOI: 10.3311/ppar.15318
Sena Işıklar Bengi, A. Topraklı
From past to present, the evaluation of structures has been the subject of both academic studies and practices through different systematic methods. One of these methods is the "Post Occupancy Evaluation". The method, whose first implementations date back to the 1960s, enables to process hard-to-evaluate data that is based on the dynamic structure of the user. It focuses on detecting the gaps between user satisfaction and physical environment. POE provides advantages in certain subjects such as comprehending the relationship among the use, attitude, and evaluation of the building performance, and making conscious decisions about the future building designs. In this study, a review was conducted about the definition and advantages of the "Post Occupancy Evaluation" as well as its introduction into the literature and its place in the literature. Subsequently, progressing further, the studies of this model in Turkey were presented. Concerning the studies conducted since the evaluation was introduced into the academy in Turkey, the qualifications, objectives and types of buildings they focused on were cited. It was determined that the majority of the studies were conducted on several building types, and mainly focused on design evaluations, user evaluations, energy performance evaluations, and IEQ evaluations that are defined as the direct objectives of the POE studies. By evaluating the findings, the deficiencies were discovered in the implementation of the method in Turkey and the development of country-specific evaluation protocols, the importance of the evaluation method was emphasized, and the need to improve the deficiencies was stated.
从过去到现在,结构评价一直是学术研究和实践的主题,通过不同的系统方法。其中一种方法是“使用后评价”。该方法的首次实现可以追溯到20世纪60年代,它能够处理基于用户动态结构的难以评估的数据。它侧重于检测用户满意度和物理环境之间的差距。POE在理解建筑性能的使用、态度和评价之间的关系,以及对未来建筑设计做出有意识的决策等方面具有优势。本研究对“入住后评价”的定义、优势、文献介绍及在文献中的地位进行了综述。随后,进一步介绍了在土耳其对这一模式进行的研究。关于自土耳其学院引进评价以来所进行的研究,列举了它们所侧重的建筑物的资格、目标和类型。经确定,大多数研究是针对几种建筑类型进行的,主要集中于设计评价、用户评价、能源绩效评价和环境质量评价,这些被定义为环境评价项目研究的直接目标。通过评价调查结果,发现了在土耳其执行该方法和制定针对具体国家的评价议定书方面的不足之处,强调了评价方法的重要性,并指出需要改进这些不足之处。
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引用次数: 2
Design For Six Sigma (DFSS) Approach for Creating CLEAR Lessons Learned Database 六西格玛设计(DFSS)方法创建清晰的经验教训数据库
Pub Date : 2020-02-14 DOI: 10.3311/ppar.15442
Siddharth Banerjee, E. Jaselskis, Abdullah Alsharef
Project personnel working in construction sites fail to transfer invaluable experiences gained mostly due to the absence of a formalized process to record such information. Construction projects are seldom repetitive in nature and this highlights the need for organizations to have in place robust data repositories to facilitate knowledge sharing. This paper describes an effort in creating a new internal-only web-based lessons learned database named Communicate Lessons, Exchange Advice, Record (CLEAR) for the North Carolina Department of Transportation (NCDOT). A Design For Six Sigma (DFSS) approach of Identify, Define, Develop, Optimize, and Verify (IDDOV) model was used. Findings from this study will help NCDOT to institutionalize knowledge and improve project cost variations and schedule predictability. In conjunction with this database, a data dashboard is envisioned to provide effective visualizations for the upper management to make informed decisions based on the lessons information in the database. The dashboard will include success metrics such as detecting reduced numbers of claims and claims amounts, witnessing periodical increase in lessons uploaded into the database, and enhanced communication among specialized staff. This approach is a significant contribution to the existing body of knowledge in lessons learned database implementation for construction applications. The anticipated outcome of this new application will be a more efficient and effective public organization through reduced claims, improved designs, and construction workflows, and improved policies and standards. Future researchers can make use of information presented in this paper to build new robust lessons learned systems to improve organizational efficiency.
在建筑工地工作的项目人员无法传递宝贵的经验,主要原因是缺乏记录这些信息的正式程序。构建项目在本质上很少是重复的,这突出了组织需要有健壮的数据存储库来促进知识共享。本文描述了为北卡罗莱纳交通部(NCDOT)创建一个名为“交流经验教训,交换建议,记录”(CLEAR)的新的内部仅基于网络的经验教训数据库的工作。采用识别、定义、开发、优化和验证(IDDOV)模型的六西格玛设计(DFSS)方法。这项研究的结果将有助于NCDOT将知识制度化,改善项目成本变化和进度可预测性。与此数据库相结合,数据仪表板将为上层管理人员提供有效的可视化,以便根据数据库中的课程信息做出明智的决策。仪表板将包括成功指标,如检测索赔数量和索赔金额的减少,见证上传到数据库的课程的周期性增长,以及加强专业人员之间的沟通。这种方法对构建应用程序的数据库实现的经验教训中的现有知识体系做出了重大贡献。通过减少索赔、改进设计和施工工作流程以及改进政策和标准,这一新应用程序的预期结果将是一个更高效和有效的公共组织。未来的研究人员可以利用本文提供的信息来构建新的强大的经验教训系统,以提高组织效率。
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引用次数: 4
Sustainable Street Furniture 可持续发展的街道家具
Pub Date : 2020-02-13 DOI: 10.3311/ppar.12674
E. Allameh, Mohammadali Heidari
Street furniture are installed in different locations of a city, are daily used by a large public, and have the closest contact and most dynamic interaction with people and the environment. Hence, they have a great responsibility to benefit the society and urban development. In this paper, we focus on street furniture for adopting the concept of sustainability through the local cities. This paper presents an experiment which is conducted at Art University of Isfahan (AUI) in order to explore the promises and challenges of designing for deep sustainability within different contexts of the city (Isfahan). The main objective of the experiment is to develop design interventions which affect and guide the community toward sustainability. Specifically students are asked to design street furniture or define an urban intervention which is not neutral but improves sustainability within the context. Finally, the proposed design interventions are evaluated based on their level of success for establishing sustainability. Final results indicate that although a common approach was applied for all the projects in in this experiment, the developed design interventions are not equally contributed to sustainability. While some of the projects only focused on eco-design strategies, some projects succeeded to provide a higher level of sustainability within their context and developed more influential and longer-term sustainable design interventions. It is achieved by the projects that conducted behavioral, social and contextual analysis in order to enhance environmental responsible behavior among the public (e.g. raise public awareness of sustainability, sensate or educate people, or support sustainable behavior). This paper is the extended version of the paper that has been published in the proceedings of the Creative Construction Conference 2018 (Allameh and Heidari, 2018).
街道家具安装在城市的不同位置,每天被大量公众使用,与人与环境有着最密切的联系和最动态的互动。因此,他们有责任造福社会和城市发展。在本文中,我们将重点放在街道家具上,通过当地城市来采用可持续发展的概念。本文介绍了在伊斯法罕艺术大学(AUI)进行的一项实验,目的是探索在城市(伊斯法罕)的不同背景下设计深度可持续性的承诺和挑战。实验的主要目的是开发影响和引导社区走向可持续发展的设计干预措施。具体来说,学生被要求设计街道家具或定义一个城市干预,这不是中性的,但在背景下提高可持续性。最后,根据其建立可持续性的成功程度来评估所提出的设计干预措施。最后的结果表明,尽管在本实验中所有项目都采用了一种共同的方法,但开发的设计干预措施对可持续性的贡献并不相同。虽然有些项目只关注生态设计策略,但有些项目成功地在其背景下提供了更高水平的可持续性,并开发了更具影响力和更长期的可持续设计干预措施。它是通过进行行为,社会和背景分析以增强公众对环境负责的行为(例如提高公众对可持续发展的认识,感知或教育人们,或支持可持续发展行为)的项目来实现的。本文是2018年创意建设会议(Allameh and Heidari, 2018)上发表的论文的扩展版本。
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引用次数: 4
Space Syntax's Relation to Seating Choices from an Evolutionary Approach 从演化的角度看空间句法与座位选择的关系
Pub Date : 2019-11-28 DOI: 10.3311/ppar.14251
Barbara Keszei, Balint G. Halász, Anna Losonczi, A. Dúll
Space syntax provides information on the probabilities of certain behaviour types (e.g., seating choice, movement) depending on the configuration of space. The evolutionary approach (e.g. Appleton’s prospect-refuge theory) in environmental psychology can help designers in creating spaces by providing a better understanding why certain parts of an open space or a building are avoided or occupied, why good "observation points" or "hiding places” are preferred. Our research aimed to explore how different space syntax variables predict specific behaviours – the seating choices of 216 participants – in a 3D virtual model of a lounge area and how the prospect-refuge theory relates to these predictions. The participants had to choose a seat in simulated spaces in two social situations, which differed in the degree of focused work and concentration: one of the situations implied seeing others and being seen, while the other highlighted focused work and hiding. The results show that there was a variation in the seating choices depending on the goal of the situation (user: trying to be seen or hiding). The expected significant correlations with the space syntax measurements were presented in the situations where being seen was the goal of the participants. However, in the situations where hiding was induced, our results need further clarification. Our future goal is to provide quantitative, evidence-based reflection on the prospect-refuge and space syntax theories, and to investigate the psychological factors (e.g., goal of the user) that need further consideration when applying these theories in the design practice.
空间语法提供了特定行为类型(例如,座位选择,移动)的概率信息,这取决于空间的配置。环境心理学中的进化方法(如Appleton的前景-避难所理论)可以帮助设计师更好地理解为什么开放空间或建筑的某些部分被避开或占用,为什么好的“观察点”或“藏身之地”是首选,从而创造空间。我们的研究旨在探索不同的空间语法变量如何预测特定行为- 216名参与者的座位选择-在休息区的3D虚拟模型中,以及前景避难所理论如何与这些预测相关联。参与者必须在两种不同的社交情境中选择一个模拟空间的座位,这两种情境的专注程度不同:一种情境意味着看到别人和被人看到,而另一种情境则强调专注工作和隐藏。结果表明,根据情况的目标(用户:试图被看到或隐藏),座位的选择有所不同。在参与者的目标是被看到的情况下,与空间语法测量的预期显著相关性被呈现出来。然而,在诱导隐藏的情况下,我们的结果需要进一步澄清。我们未来的目标是对前景庇护和空间句法理论进行定量的、循证的反思,并探讨在设计实践中应用这些理论时需要进一步考虑的心理因素(如用户的目标)。
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引用次数: 4
Product Service Systems in Construction Supply Chains 建筑供应链中的产品服务系统
Pub Date : 2019-11-28 DOI: 10.3311/CCC2018-084
N. Andersson, Jerker Lessing
The shipbuilding, automotive and aerospace industries are examples of industries offering product service systems (PSS) to their customers, i.e. they combine physical products with services to add increased value. While product service systems are well established in many manufacturing industries, it has barely emerged in the fragmented and project-based organisation of construction. The objective of this study is to identify and critically review examples of product service systems in construction supply chains, with the purpose of describing how it challenges prevailing business systems and organisation of construction work. The study rests upon two case studies carried out at Gyproc Saint-Gobain in Denmark and Celsa Steel Service in Sweden. The findings reveal significant challenges related to the implementation and marketing of the product service systems provided. Companies that develop and expand their business offers by providing new product service systems tend to find themselves operating in two parallel market segments, i.e. the traditional market of construction components and the new market of product service systems. The PSS-offers reviewed in the case studies show a strong focus and emphasis on the development of the offer and the operational platform, while the companies’ market positions remain unchanged. Thus, the case study companies organise and operate their businesses and market relations as before the implementation of the product service system. The conclusion is that development and implementation of product service systems in construction supply chains requires awareness in the companies’ offer of products and services, well-established operational platforms, and particularly, a renewed market position.
造船、汽车和航空航天工业是向客户提供产品服务系统(PSS)的行业的例子,即他们将物理产品与服务结合起来以增加价值。虽然产品服务体系在许多制造业中已经建立起来,但在分散的、以项目为基础的建筑组织中,它几乎没有出现。本研究的目的是识别和批判性地审查建筑供应链中产品服务系统的例子,目的是描述它如何挑战现行的商业系统和建筑工作的组织。这项研究基于在丹麦圣戈班Gyproc和瑞典塞尔萨钢铁服务公司进行的两个案例研究。调查结果揭示了与所提供的产品服务系统的实施和营销有关的重大挑战。通过提供新的产品服务系统来发展和扩大业务的公司往往会发现自己在两个平行的细分市场中运作,即传统的建筑部件市场和新的产品服务系统市场。案例研究中审查的pss报价显示出对报价和运营平台发展的强烈关注和强调,而公司的市场地位保持不变。因此,本案例研究公司在实施产品服务体系之前组织和运作其业务和市场关系。结论是,在建筑供应链中开发和实施产品服务系统需要对公司提供的产品和服务有清醒的认识,需要完善的运营平台,特别是需要一个新的市场地位。
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引用次数: 5
Remarks on the Proportions and Dimensions Used in the Design of the Medieval Church of Zsámbék 中世纪教堂Zsámbék设计中比例与尺寸的运用
Pub Date : 2019-11-28 DOI: 10.3311/ppar.14621
K. Fehér, B. Halmos
Since the 19th century, the church of Zsambek was continuously a focus of scholars' interest. The present paper intends to research the church ruins with a new aspect. Using an accurate terrestrial laser scan survey, the geometry of the plan is analysed in order to find proportions among the dimensions. The main goal of the study is to gather information about the design logic of the first masters of the 13th-century Premonstratensian abbey. In addition, our goal was to detect contributions to the 13th-century construction history of the church, that cannot be found in archives of graphic sources. The latest archaeological excavation achieved excellent results concerning several crucial historical points; however, the periodization of the church is still not entirely clarified. From the 19th century, different scholars have proposed various hypotheses about this topic, without consensus.
自19世纪以来,Zsambek教堂一直是学者们关注的焦点。本文试图从一个新的角度对教堂遗址进行研究。利用精确的地面激光扫描测量,分析了平面的几何形状,以便找到各尺寸之间的比例。这项研究的主要目的是收集有关13世纪普雷蒙特拉特修道院第一批大师的设计逻辑的信息。此外,我们的目标是发现对13世纪教堂建筑历史的贡献,这在图形资源档案中找不到。最新的考古发掘在几个关键的历史要点上取得了优异的成果;然而,教会的分期仍然没有完全澄清。从19世纪开始,不同的学者对这个话题提出了各种各样的假设,但没有达成共识。
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引用次数: 4
Organizational Culture and Stakeholder Success Criteria in Construction Projects 建筑项目中的组织文化与利益相关者成功标准
Pub Date : 2019-11-07 DOI: 10.3311/CCC2018-081
Ahmed Alhiddi, A. Osborne, K. Anyigor
This paper presents the findings of a theoretical investigation into the association between organizational culture and stakeholder management. With an aspect focused on international construction projects, the study explores the relationship between the cultural origin of key stakeholders and the cultural context in which projects are realized. Emphasis is placed on the examination of project outcomes and the factors that influence cultural domain. Secondary data suggests stakeholder management and corporate culture are critical areas that decide an organization’s success. The importance of these areas will inevitably grow in the future as projects continue to be procured in a global economy. Identifiable theoretical associations between the constructs have been found that provide early evidence that stakeholders and culture influence project life-cycles. Stakeholders—organizations and their representatives—must be informed of the distinct types of cultures and success criteria to ensure they manage them efficiently alongside traditional and long-accepted project variables.
本文对组织文化与利益相关者管理之间的关系进行了理论研究。本研究以国际建设项目为重点,探讨了关键利益相关者的文化起源与项目实现的文化背景之间的关系。重点放在项目成果的检查和影响文化领域的因素。二手数据表明,利益相关者管理和企业文化是决定组织成功的关键领域。随着项目继续在全球经济中采购,这些领域的重要性将不可避免地在未来增长。这些结构之间可识别的理论关联已经被发现,为利益相关者和文化影响项目生命周期提供了早期证据。利益相关者——组织和他们的代表——必须被告知不同类型的文化和成功标准,以确保他们有效地管理它们以及传统的和长期接受的项目变量。
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引用次数: 1
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Periodica Polytechnica Architecture
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