首页 > 最新文献

Journal of Islamabad Medical and Dental College最新文献

英文 中文
editorial Title: The Paradigm Shift in Dentistry: Embracing Digital Innovations for Enhanced Patient Care 社论标题:牙科的范式转变:拥抱数字创新以增强患者护理
Pub Date : 2023-10-16 DOI: 10.35787/jimdc.v12i3.1018
Angabeen Anjum, None Prof.Dr. Nauman Sheikh
Advanced technology in the form of computer aided design and computer aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM) was introduced to the dental profession in 1987. Dental providers can utilize digital technology in various practice settings, including private offices and public health centers. Learning how to use new technologies broadens dental and dental hygiene practitioners’ skill sets, strengthens job marketability, expands roles in comprehensive care delivery, and provides opportunities to improve patient comfort and enhance preventive patient education. Implementing advanced technology into clinical practice is essential in order to continually raise the level of care and fuel the evolution of future workforce models.
1987年,以计算机辅助设计和计算机辅助制造(CAD/CAM)形式出现的先进技术被引入牙科行业。& # x0D;牙科服务提供者可以在各种实践环境中使用数字技术,包括私人办公室和公共卫生中心。学习如何使用新技术拓宽了牙科和口腔卫生从业人员的技能,加强了就业市场,扩大了在综合护理服务中的作用,并提供了改善患者舒适度和加强预防性患者教育的机会。为了不断提高护理水平和推动未来劳动力模式的发展,将先进技术应用于临床实践至关重要。
{"title":"editorial Title: The Paradigm Shift in Dentistry: Embracing Digital Innovations for Enhanced Patient Care","authors":"Angabeen Anjum, None Prof.Dr. Nauman Sheikh","doi":"10.35787/jimdc.v12i3.1018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35787/jimdc.v12i3.1018","url":null,"abstract":"Advanced technology in the form of computer aided design and computer aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM) was introduced to the dental profession in 1987. 
 Dental providers can utilize digital technology in various practice settings, including private offices and public health centers. Learning how to use new technologies broadens dental and dental hygiene practitioners’ skill sets, strengthens job marketability, expands roles in comprehensive care delivery, and provides opportunities to improve patient comfort and enhance preventive patient education. Implementing advanced technology into clinical practice is essential in order to continually raise the level of care and fuel the evolution of future workforce models.","PeriodicalId":33701,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Islamabad Medical and Dental College","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136115146","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Association of PVL gene with SCCmec typing in MRSA (both community associated and hospital acquired) from a tertiary care hospital, Lahore 拉合尔三级医院PVL基因与MRSA(社区相关和医院获得性)SCCmec分型的关系
Pub Date : 2023-10-16 DOI: 10.35787/jimdc.v12i3.963
Iqra Jamil
ABSTRACT Introduction: Antibiotic resistance is a major problem in staphylococcal infections. Resistance against methicillin in S. aureus is due to the transfer of mobile cassettes of specific genes in S. aureus called Staphylococcal Cassette Chromosome mec (SCCmec). 13 types of SCCmec have identified till now. Various clinical syndromes are associated with presence of PVL gene. Therefore, the current study was designed to check the prevalence of PVL gene and SCCmec types in CA-MRSA and HA-MRSA. Materials and methods: This cross-sectional descriptive study was done in LGH/PGMI, Lahore. MRSA isolates were phenotypically confirmed by Cefoxitin (30) disc on Mueller- Hinton agar. DNA extraction was done by using Genomic DNA purification kit. Detection of PVl gene and SCCmec types were done with PCR using specific primers. Results: Out of 89 isolates, maximum isolates were from pus swabs (45%), followed by wound swabs (15.5%). It was found that 55 (61.8%) were HA-MRSA isolates while 34 (38.2%) were CA-MRSA isolates. PVl gene was found in 37% isolates. Among PVl positive samples, 36.4% were HA-MRSA while 63.6% were CA-MRSA. Most common SCCmec in HA-MRSA was type III (69%), while in CA-MRSA SCCmec type IVa was predominant (35.4%). Conclusion: The present study provides an insight about the prevalence of PVl gene and different SCCmec types in CA-MRSA and HA-MRSA. Most common SCCmec type linked with HA-MRSA
摘要# x0D;简介:抗生素耐药性是葡萄球菌感染的主要问题。金黄色葡萄球菌对甲氧西林的耐药性是由于金黄色葡萄球菌中特定基因的移动磁带的转移,称为葡萄球菌盒式染色体mec (SCCmec)。目前已经确定了13种SCCmec类型。多种临床综合征与PVL基因的存在有关。因此,本研究旨在检查PVL基因和SCCmec类型在CA-MRSA和HA-MRSA中的患病率。 材料和方法:本横断面描述性研究在拉合尔LGH/PGMI完成。在Mueller- Hinton琼脂上用头孢西丁(30)圆盘证实了MRSA分离株的表型。采用基因组DNA纯化试剂盒进行DNA提取。PVl基因和SCCmec型采用PCR检测,引物为特异性引物。 结果:89株分离株中,脓液拭子分离株最多(45%),伤口拭子次之(15.5%)。HA-MRSA 55株(61.8%),CA-MRSA 34株(38.2%)。PVl基因在37%的分离株中检出。PVl阳性标本中HA-MRSA阳性率为36.4%,CA-MRSA阳性率为63.6%。HA-MRSA中最常见的SCCmec为III型(69%),而CA-MRSA中SCCmec以IVa型为主(35.4%)。结论:本研究揭示了PVl基因在CA-MRSA和HA-MRSA中不同SCCmec类型的流行情况。最常见的SCCmec类型与HA-MRSA相关
{"title":"Association of PVL gene with SCCmec typing in MRSA (both community associated and hospital acquired) from a tertiary care hospital, Lahore","authors":"Iqra Jamil","doi":"10.35787/jimdc.v12i3.963","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35787/jimdc.v12i3.963","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT
 Introduction: Antibiotic resistance is a major problem in staphylococcal infections. Resistance against methicillin in S. aureus is due to the transfer of mobile cassettes of specific genes in S. aureus called Staphylococcal Cassette Chromosome mec (SCCmec). 13 types of SCCmec have identified till now. Various clinical syndromes are associated with presence of PVL gene. Therefore, the current study was designed to check the prevalence of PVL gene and SCCmec types in CA-MRSA and HA-MRSA.
 Materials and methods: This cross-sectional descriptive study was done in LGH/PGMI, Lahore. MRSA isolates were phenotypically confirmed by Cefoxitin (30) disc on Mueller- Hinton agar. DNA extraction was done by using Genomic DNA purification kit. Detection of PVl gene and SCCmec types were done with PCR using specific primers.
 Results: Out of 89 isolates, maximum isolates were from pus swabs (45%), followed by wound swabs (15.5%). It was found that 55 (61.8%) were HA-MRSA isolates while 34 (38.2%) were CA-MRSA isolates. PVl gene was found in 37% isolates. Among PVl positive samples, 36.4% were HA-MRSA while 63.6% were CA-MRSA. Most common SCCmec in HA-MRSA was type III (69%), while in CA-MRSA SCCmec type IVa was predominant (35.4%).
 Conclusion: The present study provides an insight about the prevalence of PVl gene and different SCCmec types in CA-MRSA and HA-MRSA. Most common SCCmec type linked with HA-MRSA","PeriodicalId":33701,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Islamabad Medical and Dental College","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136112267","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Patterns of Developmental Delay in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Perspective from a Developing Country. 自闭症谱系障碍儿童发育迟缓的模式:来自发展中国家的视角。
Pub Date : 2023-10-16 DOI: 10.35787/jimdc.v12i3.814
Syed Hashim Raza, Rehamana Waris, Ramish Riaz
Background: Autism Spectrum Disorder is a developmental disorder characterized by difficulties in social interaction, initiating conversations, delay in language skills, play skills and stereotypic behaviours. Children with severe developmental delay and those with global developmental delays are needed to be identified as they may have long term problems and disabilities. Materials & Methods: All children below age of 5 years coming first time for assessment of ASD and diagnosed using ADI-R and ADOS-2 were included in the study. Total 334 children met the criterion. All children having performance deficit below 2SD on age appropriate mean were considered as having developmental delay. Those having delay in two or more than two domains were labelled as having global developmental delay. Detailed clinical and developmental assessment was performed. Data was entered and analysed via SPSS v26. Results: Mean age of children at time of presentation was 3.6±1.10 years with male to female ratio of 3.5:1. According to developmental assessment using Schedule for growing Scales II, most affected area was speech and language (51.5%) followed by cognitive skills (50.7%), social interactive skills (49.9%), visual skills (46.9%), hearing and language skills, (38.3%), self-care social skills (26.2%), manipulative skills (13.5%) and gross motor skills (0.4%). Global Developmental Delay was found to be present in half of the children for which there was no other possible explanation. Conclusion: Most of the children with Autism Spectrum Disorder from developmental delay of some sort. Therefore, every child with Autism Spectrum Disorder must be evaluated for Developmental Delay and supported.
背景:自闭症谱系障碍是一种发育障碍,其特征是社会交往困难、发起对话、语言技能、游戏技能延迟和刻板行为。严重发育迟缓的儿童和全面发育迟缓的儿童需要加以识别,因为他们可能有长期的问题和残疾。材料,方法:所有5岁以下首次进行ASD评估并使用ADI-R和ADOS-2诊断的儿童纳入研究。共有334名儿童符合标准。所有年龄平均低于2SD的儿童均被认为有发育迟缓。那些在两个或两个以上领域有延迟的人被称为全面发育迟缓。进行了详细的临床和发育评估。数据通过SPSS v26. 进行录入和分析;结果:患儿就诊时平均年龄为3.6±1.10岁,男女比例为3.5:1。根据成长量表II的发育评估,受影响最大的领域是言语和语言(51.5%),其次是认知技能(50.7%)、社会互动技能(49.9%)、视觉技能(46.9%)、听力和语言技能(38.3%)、自理社交技能(26.2%)、操作技能(13.5%)和大肌肉运动技能(0.4%)。在没有其他可能解释的情况下,发现一半的儿童存在全面发育迟缓。结论:自闭症谱系障碍患儿多表现为发育迟缓。因此,每个患有自闭症谱系障碍的儿童都必须接受发育迟缓的评估和支持。
{"title":"Patterns of Developmental Delay in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Perspective from a Developing Country.","authors":"Syed Hashim Raza, Rehamana Waris, Ramish Riaz","doi":"10.35787/jimdc.v12i3.814","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35787/jimdc.v12i3.814","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Autism Spectrum Disorder is a developmental disorder characterized by difficulties in social interaction, initiating conversations, delay in language skills, play skills and stereotypic behaviours. Children with severe developmental delay and those with global developmental delays are needed to be identified as they may have long term problems and disabilities.
 Materials & Methods: All children below age of 5 years coming first time for assessment of ASD and diagnosed using ADI-R and ADOS-2 were included in the study. Total 334 children met the criterion. All children having performance deficit below 2SD on age appropriate mean were considered as having developmental delay. Those having delay in two or more than two domains were labelled as having global developmental delay. Detailed clinical and developmental assessment was performed. Data was entered and analysed via SPSS v26.
 Results: Mean age of children at time of presentation was 3.6±1.10 years with male to female ratio of 3.5:1. According to developmental assessment using Schedule for growing Scales II, most affected area was speech and language (51.5%) followed by cognitive skills (50.7%), social interactive skills (49.9%), visual skills (46.9%), hearing and language skills, (38.3%), self-care social skills (26.2%), manipulative skills (13.5%) and gross motor skills (0.4%). Global Developmental Delay was found to be present in half of the children for which there was no other possible explanation.
 Conclusion: Most of the children with Autism Spectrum Disorder from developmental delay of some sort. Therefore, every child with Autism Spectrum Disorder must be evaluated for Developmental Delay and supported.","PeriodicalId":33701,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Islamabad Medical and Dental College","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136115383","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The Comparison of Fetal and Maternal outcome in Active vs Conservative Management of Prelabor Premature Rupture Of Membranes ( PPROM) at 34 to 37 weeks of gestation. 妊娠34 ~ 37周产前胎膜早破(PPROM)主动与保守治疗的胎母结局比较
Pub Date : 2023-10-16 DOI: 10.35787/jimdc.v12i3.958
Sidra Tul Muntaha, Dr Sadaf Asma Asma, Dr sara Hayat, Dr Farhan Hassan Muntaha
ABSTRACT: Background: The precise management of obstetrical crisis like preterm premature rupture of membrane is necessary to be designed for an optimum outcome. Both maternal and fetal morbidity and mortality rate can be decreased by accurate approach of clinical management as it is not still established yet. This study was designed to compare the maternal or fetal outcome in conservative management with active management of prelabor premature rupture of membranes at 34 – 37 weeks of gestation. STUDY DESIGN: Randomized control trial SUBJECTS & METHODS: The patient’s data was collected from the department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, F G Polyclinic Hospital and PIMS Islamabad from July 2019 to March 2020. Two groups were made and 90 cases were included in each group on the basis of active or conservative management accordingly. Fetal and maternal morbidity and mortality was judged on the basis of number of fetal distresses, chorioamnionitis and mode of delivery. RESULTS: 180 fetuses, a total of 140 survived. In group A, with conservative management, of the 17 (18.89%) mortalities, 9 (10%) developed fetal infections, 2 (2.22%) delivered prematurely, 3 (3.33%) had RDS. In group B, the active management was observed, 23 (25.55%) babies were expired, 5 (5.55%) contacted infections and died, 9 (10%) were diagnosed to have RDS, 6 (6.66%) deaths were due to prematurity with low birth weight. In conservative management group days of admission was significantly (p-value < 0.05) higher compared to active group. The duration of NICU stay was significantly (p-value < 0.05) higher in active management group (8.88% vs. 15.55%) as compared to conservative group (table 7). The rate of respiratory distress was also significantly (p-value < 0.05) in active management group (5.55% vs. 20%) as compared to conservative group. The mortality rate (25.5%) was bit higher in active management group as compare to (18.89%) in conservative management group but this difference was not statistically significant (p-value >0.05). Conclusion: Conservative management of premature preterm rupture of membranes is more appropriate choice of management than active treatment if decided earlier
文摘:& # x0D;背景:对早产、胎膜早破等产科危象的精确处理是获得最佳结局的必要措施。准确的临床管理方法可以降低孕产妇和胎儿的发病率和死亡率,但尚未建立。本研究的目的是比较在妊娠34 - 37周采用保守治疗和积极治疗的产前胎膜早破的母婴结局。研究设计:随机对照试验受试者;方法:患者数据收集于2019年7月至2020年3月在F G综合医院和伊斯兰堡PIMS妇产科。根据积极或保守治疗方法分为两组,每组90例。胎儿和产妇的发病率和死亡率是根据胎儿窘迫的数量,绒毛膜羊膜炎和分娩方式判断的。结果:180胎,140胎成活。A组采用保守治疗,17例死亡(18.89%)中发生胎儿感染9例(10%),早产2例(2.22%),RDS 3例(3.33%)。B组患儿积极管理,死亡23例(25.55%),接触感染死亡5例(5.55%),诊断为RDS 9例(10%),早产低出生体重死亡6例(6.66%)。保守治疗组入院天数显著(p值<0.05),高于活性组。新生儿重症监护病房住院时间显著(p值<0.05),积极治疗组呼吸窘迫发生率显著高于保守治疗组(8.88% vs. 15.55%)(表7)。0.05),与保守组相比,积极管理组(5.55% vs. 20%)。积极治疗组的死亡率(25.5%)略高于保守治疗组(18.89%),但差异无统计学意义(p值0.05)。结论:如果及早决定,保守治疗比积极治疗更为合适
{"title":"The Comparison of Fetal and Maternal outcome in Active vs Conservative Management of Prelabor Premature Rupture Of Membranes ( PPROM) at 34 to 37 weeks of gestation.","authors":"Sidra Tul Muntaha, Dr Sadaf Asma Asma, Dr sara Hayat, Dr Farhan Hassan Muntaha","doi":"10.35787/jimdc.v12i3.958","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35787/jimdc.v12i3.958","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT:&#x0D; Background: The precise management of obstetrical crisis like preterm premature rupture of membrane is necessary to be designed for an optimum outcome. Both maternal and fetal morbidity and mortality rate can be decreased by accurate approach of clinical management as it is not still established yet. This study was designed to compare the maternal or fetal outcome in conservative management with active management of prelabor premature rupture of membranes at 34 – 37 weeks of gestation. STUDY DESIGN: Randomized control trial SUBJECTS &amp; METHODS: The patient’s data was collected from the department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, F G Polyclinic Hospital and PIMS Islamabad from July 2019 to March 2020. Two groups were made and 90 cases were included in each group on the basis of active or conservative management accordingly. Fetal and maternal morbidity and mortality was judged on the basis of number of fetal distresses, chorioamnionitis and mode of delivery. RESULTS: 180 fetuses, a total of 140 survived. In group A, with conservative management, of the 17 (18.89%) mortalities, 9 (10%) developed fetal infections, 2 (2.22%) delivered prematurely, 3 (3.33%) had RDS. In group B, the active management was observed, 23 (25.55%) babies were expired, 5 (5.55%) contacted infections and died, 9 (10%) were diagnosed to have RDS, 6 (6.66%) deaths were due to prematurity with low birth weight. In conservative management group days of admission was significantly (p-value < 0.05) higher compared to active group. The duration of NICU stay was significantly (p-value < 0.05) higher in active management group (8.88% vs. 15.55%) as compared to conservative group (table 7). The rate of respiratory distress was also significantly (p-value < 0.05) in active management group (5.55% vs. 20%) as compared to conservative group. The mortality rate (25.5%) was bit higher in active management group as compare to (18.89%) in conservative management group but this difference was not statistically significant (p-value >0.05).&#x0D; Conclusion: Conservative management of premature preterm rupture of membranes is more appropriate choice of management than active treatment if decided earlier","PeriodicalId":33701,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Islamabad Medical and Dental College","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136116359","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Establishment of Surgical Oncology Services at ANTH: Challenges & Outcomes ANTH外科肿瘤服务的建立:挑战& & &结果
Pub Date : 2023-10-16 DOI: 10.35787/jimdc.v12i3.1047
None Dr. Usman Waheed (Ph.D.), Rizwan Aziz
.
{"title":"Establishment of Surgical Oncology Services at ANTH: Challenges &amp; Outcomes","authors":"None Dr. Usman Waheed (Ph.D.), Rizwan Aziz","doi":"10.35787/jimdc.v12i3.1047","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35787/jimdc.v12i3.1047","url":null,"abstract":".","PeriodicalId":33701,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Islamabad Medical and Dental College","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136112425","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Relationship between Inflammatory Markers and Disease Outcome in COVID-19 COVID-19患者炎症标志物与疾病转归的关系
Pub Date : 2023-07-06 DOI: 10.35787/jimdc.v12i2.943
Sarah Shah, Dr savida ilyas dar Dar, DR Faridullah Shah Shah, Dr farhan aslam Aslam, Dr hareema saeed khan Khan, Dr anber saleem Saleem
Background: Coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) has been labelled as a global pandemic and a cause of documented high mortality rates among severe or critical patients. This has been linked with hyperinflammation of the innate and adaptive immune systems and the resulting cytokine storm. Our study aims to evaluate the relationship between inflammatory markers and disease outcomes in COVID-19. Methodology: This cross-sectional study was conducted at Federal Government Polyclinic (FGPC) Hospital, Islamabad for a period of 3 months. All the patients who had either RT-PCR for COVID-19 or HRCT findings suggestive of COVID were included in the study. The inflammatory markers like C-reactive protein (CRP), D-Dimers, and Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) were done and a combined score DLC was calculated. The need for Oxygen (litres/min), Bilevel positive airway pressure (BIPAP), or Mechanical Invasive Ventilation was documented. Results: The study was conducted on 213 patients which included 119(56%) male patients and 94(44%) female patients. COVID-19 PCR was positive in 193(90.6%) while 20 patients (9.4%) had a negative PCR but HRCT suggestive of COVID. HRCT was done in a total of 46 patients out of the 213 patients and 45 had features suggestive of COVID-19. The AUROC was 0.686(0.61-0.75) for D dimers, 0.688(0.61-0.75) for LDH, and 0.649(0.517-0.72) for CRP respectively, and Spearman rho values of (0.326, 0.328 and 0.266) respectively with a p-value (0.000). Conclusion: D-dimer, LDH and CRP individually as well as a combined score of the inflammatory markers (DLC) and Oxygen requirement had a significant correlation with the mortality of the COVID-19 patients. Key words: COVID-19, CRP, LDH, D dimers, DLC score.
背景:冠状病毒病-2019 (COVID-19)已被列为全球大流行,也是严重或危重患者死亡率高的原因之一。这与先天免疫系统和适应性免疫系统的过度炎症以及由此产生的细胞因子风暴有关。我们的研究旨在评估COVID-19炎症标志物与疾病结局之间的关系。方法:本横断面研究在伊斯兰堡联邦政府综合医院(FGPC)进行,为期3个月。所有RT-PCR检测COVID-19或HRCT结果提示COVID的患者均纳入研究。检测c反应蛋白(CRP)、d -二聚体(D-Dimers)、乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)等炎症标志物,并计算DLC综合评分。记录需氧量(升/分钟)、双水平气道正压通气(BIPAP)或机械有创通气。结果:共纳入213例患者,其中男性119例(56%),女性94例(44%)。PCR阳性193例(90.6%),PCR阴性20例(9.4%),HRCT提示新冠肺炎。213例患者中有46例患者进行了HRCT检查,其中45例具有COVID-19的特征。D二聚体、LDH和CRP的AUROC分别为0.686(0.61 ~ 0.75)、0.688(0.61 ~ 0.75)和0.649(0.517 ~ 0.72),Spearman rho值分别为0.326、0.328和0.266,p值为0.000。结论:d -二聚体、LDH、CRP以及炎症标志物(DLC)和需氧量的综合评分与COVID-19患者的死亡率有显著相关性。关键词:COVID-19, CRP, LDH, D二聚体,DLC评分
{"title":"Relationship between Inflammatory Markers and Disease Outcome in COVID-19","authors":"Sarah Shah, Dr savida ilyas dar Dar, DR Faridullah Shah Shah, Dr farhan aslam Aslam, Dr hareema saeed khan Khan, Dr anber saleem Saleem","doi":"10.35787/jimdc.v12i2.943","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35787/jimdc.v12i2.943","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) has been labelled as a global pandemic and a cause of documented high mortality rates among severe or critical patients. This has been linked with hyperinflammation of the innate and adaptive immune systems and the resulting cytokine storm. Our study aims to evaluate the relationship between inflammatory markers and disease outcomes in COVID-19. \u0000Methodology: This cross-sectional study was conducted at Federal Government Polyclinic (FGPC) Hospital, Islamabad for a period of 3 months. All the patients who had either RT-PCR for COVID-19 or HRCT findings suggestive of COVID were included in the study. The inflammatory markers like C-reactive protein (CRP), D-Dimers, and Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) were done and a combined score DLC was calculated. The need for Oxygen (litres/min), Bilevel positive airway pressure (BIPAP), or Mechanical Invasive Ventilation was documented. \u0000Results: The study was conducted on 213 patients which included 119(56%) male patients and 94(44%) female patients. COVID-19 PCR was positive in 193(90.6%) while 20 patients (9.4%) had a negative PCR but HRCT suggestive of COVID. HRCT was done in a total of 46 patients out of the 213 patients and 45 had features suggestive of COVID-19. The AUROC was 0.686(0.61-0.75) for D dimers, 0.688(0.61-0.75) for LDH, and 0.649(0.517-0.72) for CRP respectively, and Spearman rho values of (0.326, 0.328 and 0.266) respectively with a p-value (0.000). \u0000Conclusion: D-dimer, LDH and CRP individually as well as a combined score of the inflammatory markers (DLC) and Oxygen requirement had a significant correlation with the mortality of the COVID-19 patients. \u0000Key words: COVID-19, CRP, LDH, D dimers, DLC score.","PeriodicalId":33701,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Islamabad Medical and Dental College","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80210254","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Actinomycosis, A Rare Cause of Perianal Fistula 放线菌病,肛门周围瘘的罕见原因
Pub Date : 2023-07-06 DOI: 10.35787/jimdc.v12i2.922
N. Nabi, Umer Mehmood, N. Ahmed
Perianal fistula (fistula-in-ano) is one of the most common anorectal diseases. It is an abnormal connection between the anal canal and the perianal skin and is lined with granulation tissue. Although benign, the condition can cause significant distress and embarrassment to the patient. Major causes of an anal fistula are clogged anal glands forming anal abscesses. Other, much less common, conditions are infections, trauma and tumors. The treatment of an anal fistula depends on the etiology and location of the fistula. Most fistulas are treated surgically, through a variety of different procedures. Actinomycosis which is a gram positive bacteria can rarely cause perianal fistulas which is difficult to diagnose clinically so can result in mismanagement and recurrences leading to repeated surgeries. Key words: Actinomycosis, Fistula in ano, Gram positive bacteria.
肛周瘘是最常见的肛肠疾病之一。它是肛管和肛周皮肤之间的异常连接,内衬肉芽组织。虽然是良性的,但这种情况会给病人带来巨大的痛苦和尴尬。肛瘘的主要原因是堵塞的肛门腺形成肛门脓肿。其他不太常见的情况是感染、创伤和肿瘤。肛瘘的治疗取决于肛瘘的病因和位置。大多数瘘管通过手术治疗,通过各种不同的程序。放线菌病是一种革兰氏阳性细菌,很少引起肛门周围瘘管,临床上很难诊断,因此可能导致处理不当和复发,导致反复手术。关键词:放线菌病,瘘管,革兰氏阳性菌
{"title":"Actinomycosis, A Rare Cause of Perianal Fistula","authors":"N. Nabi, Umer Mehmood, N. Ahmed","doi":"10.35787/jimdc.v12i2.922","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35787/jimdc.v12i2.922","url":null,"abstract":"Perianal fistula (fistula-in-ano) is one of the most common anorectal diseases. It is an abnormal connection between the anal canal and the perianal skin and is lined with granulation tissue. Although benign, the condition can cause significant distress and embarrassment to the patient. Major causes of an anal fistula are clogged anal glands forming anal abscesses. Other, much less common, conditions are infections, trauma and tumors. The treatment of an anal fistula depends on the etiology and location of the fistula. Most fistulas are treated surgically, through a variety of different procedures. Actinomycosis which is a gram positive bacteria can rarely cause perianal fistulas which is difficult to diagnose clinically so can result in mismanagement and recurrences leading to repeated surgeries. \u0000Key words: Actinomycosis, Fistula in ano, Gram positive bacteria.","PeriodicalId":33701,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Islamabad Medical and Dental College","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78139438","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Challenge of Multidrug-resistant Strains of Enterobacteriaceae Isolated from Clinical Samples 临床分离肠杆菌科多药耐药菌株的拮抗
Pub Date : 2023-07-06 DOI: 10.35787/jimdc.v12i2.978
Farhat Khurshid
Background: The rising level of antimicrobial resistance among bacterial pathogens is one of the most significant public health problems worldwide. Antibiotic resistance of clinically important bacteria, the types and levels of resistance and multidrug resistance (MDR) among pathogens is extremely important. With the rise of infections caused by ESBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae (ESBL-E) and with their co-resistance to many other antibiotic classes, carbapenems have been considered to be the last and life-saving agents against these life-threatening infections. The current study was carried out to determine the frequency, disease burden and therapeutic challenge of infections caused by multidrug resistant strains of Enterobacteriaceae with particular reference to Extended-Spectrum Beta-lactamase-producing Enterobacteriaceae (ESBL-E), Carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE) and the emerging infections caused by Extended-Spectrum Beta-lactamase-producing Carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (ESBL-CRE) Methodology: This cross-sectional study was carried out in the Microbiology Department of Islamabad Diagnostic Centre over a period of two years, from January 2018 to December 2020. Enterobacteriaceae isolated on culture from clinical samples were identified using appropriate characterization tests including the selective use of API 20E. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST) and ESBL detection was performed on Vitek 2 compact system by Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) methodology. Isolates that were resistant to more than one carbapenem were identified as Carbapenem-Resistant Enterobacteriaceae ( CRE). Results: Out of 7270 specimens that yielded the growth of Enterobacteriaceae, 2943 (40.5%) were ESBL positive (ESBL-E) and 487 (6.7%) were carbapenem resistant (CRE). Further analysis of CRE revealed 247/487 as non-ESBL-CRE and 240/487 as ESBL-producing CRE (ESBL-CRE). Maximum number of CRE isolates - both non-ESBL and ESBL CRE - were from urine specimens. Klebsiella species followed by Eschcerichia coli and Enterobacter were the dominant ESBL-CRE isolates. Admission to a health care facility was the major risk factor followed by advancing age. Conclusion: Besides ESBL-E, Carbapenum-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE), particularly those co-producing Extended-Spectrum Beta-lactamase (ESBL-CRE), (wherein resistance mechanisms to both carbapenems as well as to beta-lactam antibiotics are concomitantly expressed in the same organism), have emerged as the major pathogens of concern. The later appears to have introduced a new dimension in the resistance profile of infections caused by multidrug-resistant enterobacteriaceae. Key words: Carbapenem Resistant Enterobacteriaceae, Extended-Spectrum Beta-Lactamase, ESBL-producing Carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella, Multi-drug Resistant Enterobacteriaceae.  
背景:细菌性病原体中抗菌素耐药性水平的上升是世界范围内最重要的公共卫生问题之一。临床重要细菌的抗生素耐药、耐药类型和水平以及病原体间的多药耐药(MDR)极为重要。随着产esbl肠杆菌科(ESBL-E)引起的感染的增加,以及它们对许多其他抗生素类的共同耐药性,碳青霉烯类被认为是对抗这些危及生命的感染的最后和拯救生命的药物。本研究旨在确定多药耐药菌株引起的肠杆菌科感染的频率、疾病负担和治疗挑战,特别是针对广谱β -内酰胺酶产肠杆菌科(ESBL-E)、碳青霉烯耐药肠杆菌科(CRE)和广谱β -内酰胺酶产碳青霉烯耐药肠杆菌科(ESBL-CRE)引起的新发感染。这项横断面研究于2018年1月至2020年12月在伊斯兰堡诊断中心微生物学系进行,为期两年。通过适当的特性测试,包括选择性使用API 20E,从临床样品培养中分离出肠杆菌科。采用最小抑菌浓度法(MIC)对Vitek 2紧密型培养基进行抗菌药敏试验(AST)和ESBL检测。对一种以上碳青霉烯耐药的分离株被鉴定为碳青霉烯耐药肠杆菌科(CRE)。结果:7270份肠杆菌科细菌标本中,ESBL阳性2943份(40.5%),碳青霉烯耐药487份(6.7%)。进一步分析发现247/487为非ESBL-CRE, 240/487为产ESBL-CRE。最大数量的CRE分离株(非ESBL和ESBL CRE)来自尿液标本。ESBL-CRE的优势菌株为克雷伯菌,其次为大肠杆菌和肠杆菌。进入卫生保健机构是主要的风险因素,其次是年龄增长。结论:除了ESBL-E外,碳青霉烯耐药肠杆菌科(CRE),特别是共同产生广谱β -内酰胺酶(ESBL-CRE)的肠杆菌科(其对碳青霉烯类和β -内酰胺类抗生素的耐药机制在同一生物体中同时表达)已成为令人关注的主要病原体。后者似乎在多重耐药肠杆菌科引起的感染的耐药概况中引入了一个新的维度。关键词:耐碳青霉烯肠杆菌科,广谱β -内酰胺酶,产esbl耐碳青霉烯肠杆菌科,大肠杆菌,克雷伯氏菌,多重耐药肠杆菌科
{"title":"Challenge of Multidrug-resistant Strains of Enterobacteriaceae Isolated from Clinical Samples","authors":"Farhat Khurshid","doi":"10.35787/jimdc.v12i2.978","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35787/jimdc.v12i2.978","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The rising level of antimicrobial resistance among bacterial pathogens is one of the most significant public health problems worldwide. Antibiotic resistance of clinically important bacteria, the types and levels of resistance and multidrug resistance (MDR) among pathogens is extremely important. With the rise of infections caused by ESBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae (ESBL-E) and with their co-resistance to many other antibiotic classes, carbapenems have been considered to be the last and life-saving agents against these life-threatening infections. The current study was carried out to determine the frequency, disease burden and therapeutic challenge of infections caused by multidrug resistant strains of Enterobacteriaceae with particular reference to Extended-Spectrum Beta-lactamase-producing Enterobacteriaceae (ESBL-E), Carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE) and the emerging infections caused by Extended-Spectrum Beta-lactamase-producing Carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (ESBL-CRE) \u0000Methodology: This cross-sectional study was carried out in the Microbiology Department of Islamabad Diagnostic Centre over a period of two years, from January 2018 to December 2020. Enterobacteriaceae isolated on culture from clinical samples were identified using appropriate characterization tests including the selective use of API 20E. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST) and ESBL detection was performed on Vitek 2 compact system by Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) methodology. Isolates that were resistant to more than one carbapenem were identified as Carbapenem-Resistant Enterobacteriaceae ( CRE). \u0000Results: Out of 7270 specimens that yielded the growth of Enterobacteriaceae, 2943 (40.5%) were ESBL positive (ESBL-E) and 487 (6.7%) were carbapenem resistant (CRE). Further analysis of CRE revealed 247/487 as non-ESBL-CRE and 240/487 as ESBL-producing CRE (ESBL-CRE). Maximum number of CRE isolates - both non-ESBL and ESBL CRE - were from urine specimens. Klebsiella species followed by Eschcerichia coli and Enterobacter were the dominant ESBL-CRE isolates. Admission to a health care facility was the major risk factor followed by advancing age. \u0000Conclusion: Besides ESBL-E, Carbapenum-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE), particularly those co-producing Extended-Spectrum Beta-lactamase (ESBL-CRE), (wherein resistance mechanisms to both carbapenems as well as to beta-lactam antibiotics are concomitantly expressed in the same organism), have emerged as the major pathogens of concern. The later appears to have introduced a new dimension in the resistance profile of infections caused by multidrug-resistant enterobacteriaceae. \u0000Key words: Carbapenem Resistant Enterobacteriaceae, Extended-Spectrum Beta-Lactamase, ESBL-producing Carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella, Multi-drug Resistant Enterobacteriaceae.  ","PeriodicalId":33701,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Islamabad Medical and Dental College","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85797143","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
A Case Report on Abdominal Cocoon Syndrome 腹部茧状综合征1例报告
Pub Date : 2023-07-06 DOI: 10.35787/jimdc.v12i2.988
Sidra Rauf, Fahad Akhtar, Kanza Farrukh, Aiman Noor, Manzer Mehmood
Abdominal cocoon syndrome (ACS) is encapsulation of the abdominal organs by thick fibro-collagenous material forming cocoons. On the basis of the part of abdominal organ encapsulated, ACS is classified into three types. Patients with this condition usually present with intestinal obstruction. We present a case who presented to us with features of intestinal obstruction and was diagnosed as a rare case of abdominal cocoon syndrome on CT scan. He was managed operatively where adhenolysis was performed and patient had uneventful recovery. CT scan is found to be the investigation of choice. Laparotomy with excision of membrane overlying bowel loops is the treatment most commonly adopted by surgeons and it has satisfactory results. Key words: Cocoon syndrome, Computed tomography, Intestinal obstruction.
腹茧综合征(ACS)是由厚厚的纤维胶原物质形成茧包裹腹部器官。根据被包被的腹部器官的不同,ACS可分为三种类型。此病患者通常表现为肠梗阻。我们报告一个以肠梗阻为特征的病例,在CT扫描上被诊断为罕见的腹部茧状综合征。他接受了手术治疗,并进行了粘连溶解术,患者顺利康复。发现CT扫描是调查的首选。剖腹手术切除肠袢上的膜是外科医生最常用的治疗方法,其效果令人满意。关键词:茧状综合征,计算机断层扫描,肠梗阻。
{"title":"A Case Report on Abdominal Cocoon Syndrome","authors":"Sidra Rauf, Fahad Akhtar, Kanza Farrukh, Aiman Noor, Manzer Mehmood","doi":"10.35787/jimdc.v12i2.988","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35787/jimdc.v12i2.988","url":null,"abstract":"Abdominal cocoon syndrome (ACS) is encapsulation of the abdominal organs by thick fibro-collagenous material forming cocoons. On the basis of the part of abdominal organ encapsulated, ACS is classified into three types. Patients with this condition usually present with intestinal obstruction. We present a case who presented to us with features of intestinal obstruction and was diagnosed as a rare case of abdominal cocoon syndrome on CT scan. He was managed operatively where adhenolysis was performed and patient had uneventful recovery. CT scan is found to be the investigation of choice. Laparotomy with excision of membrane overlying bowel loops is the treatment most commonly adopted by surgeons and it has satisfactory results. \u0000Key words: Cocoon syndrome, Computed tomography, Intestinal obstruction.","PeriodicalId":33701,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Islamabad Medical and Dental College","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73655341","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The Spectrum of Biochemical Changes in Thyroid Function Tests, Performed at Sahiwal Medical College, Sahiwal 甲状腺功能测试的生化变化谱,在萨希瓦尔医学院进行
Pub Date : 2023-07-06 DOI: 10.35787/jimdc.v12i2.842
M. Rafiq, Amna Arooj, A. Siddiqa, N. Khan, S. Khan, Rabia Saeed
Background: Thyroid disorders are among one the leading causes of endocrine problems worldwide. Hypothyroidism is very common and usually is more prevalent in females. Thyroid function tests (TFTs) play a vital role in the diagnosis and monitoring of thyroid diseases. Methodology: This cross-sectional study was conducted at Sahiwal Medical College, Sahiwal after approval from the Institutional review board. The results of 2281 specimens tested for TFTs in the Pathology laboratory between August 2018 to December 2020 were included. Samples were analyzed by immunochemiluminescent assay method on an Access 2 analyzer by Beckman Coulter. Data were analyzed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 25. A chi-square test was applied. P-value <0.05 was considered significant. Results: A total of 2281 patient data was included in the study. The mean age of participants was 38.86±15.30 years and the majority were females. 64.1% of results were within the normal limit (euthyroid) while the remaining 35.9% had abnormal thyroid profiles. Hyperthyroidism was the most common abnormality (9.5%) followed by subclinical hypothyroidism (8.9%). Chi-square test revealed a statistically significant difference in age groups, with p-value of 0.004. Conclusion: Thyroid diseases are quite common. Hyperthyroidism is slightly more prevalent than hypothyroidism in our community.  Key words: Hypothyroidism, Hyperthyroidism, Thyroid disorders, Subclinical thyroid disease.
背景:甲状腺疾病是世界范围内内分泌问题的主要原因之一。甲状腺功能减退症很常见,通常在女性中更为普遍。甲状腺功能检查在甲状腺疾病的诊断和监测中起着至关重要的作用。方法:经机构审查委员会批准,本横断面研究在Sahiwal医学院进行。纳入2018年8月至2020年12月病理实验室检测TFTs标本2281例。样品在Access 2型贝克曼库尔特分析仪上采用免疫化学发光法进行分析。数据分析使用社会科学统计软件包(SPSS)版本25。采用卡方检验。p值<0.05被认为是显著的。结果:共纳入2281例患者资料。参与者的平均年龄为38.86±15.30岁,以女性为主。64.1%的结果在正常范围内(甲状腺正常),其余35.9%的结果为甲状腺异常。甲亢是最常见的异常(9.5%),其次是亚临床甲状腺功能减退(8.9%)。卡方检验显示各年龄组间差异有统计学意义,p值为0.004。结论:甲状腺疾病较为常见。在我们的社区中,甲状腺功能亢进比甲状腺功能减退更普遍。关键词:甲状腺功能减退,甲亢,甲状腺疾病,亚临床甲状腺疾病
{"title":"The Spectrum of Biochemical Changes in Thyroid Function Tests, Performed at Sahiwal Medical College, Sahiwal","authors":"M. Rafiq, Amna Arooj, A. Siddiqa, N. Khan, S. Khan, Rabia Saeed","doi":"10.35787/jimdc.v12i2.842","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35787/jimdc.v12i2.842","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Thyroid disorders are among one the leading causes of endocrine problems worldwide. Hypothyroidism is very common and usually is more prevalent in females. Thyroid function tests (TFTs) play a vital role in the diagnosis and monitoring of thyroid diseases. \u0000Methodology: This cross-sectional study was conducted at Sahiwal Medical College, Sahiwal after approval from the Institutional review board. The results of 2281 specimens tested for TFTs in the Pathology laboratory between August 2018 to December 2020 were included. Samples were analyzed by immunochemiluminescent assay method on an Access 2 analyzer by Beckman Coulter. Data were analyzed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 25. A chi-square test was applied. P-value <0.05 was considered significant. \u0000Results: A total of 2281 patient data was included in the study. The mean age of participants was 38.86±15.30 years and the majority were females. 64.1% of results were within the normal limit (euthyroid) while the remaining 35.9% had abnormal thyroid profiles. Hyperthyroidism was the most common abnormality (9.5%) followed by subclinical hypothyroidism (8.9%). Chi-square test revealed a statistically significant difference in age groups, with p-value of 0.004. \u0000Conclusion: Thyroid diseases are quite common. Hyperthyroidism is slightly more prevalent than hypothyroidism in our community. \u0000 Key words: Hypothyroidism, Hyperthyroidism, Thyroid disorders, Subclinical thyroid disease.","PeriodicalId":33701,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Islamabad Medical and Dental College","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78275148","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
期刊
Journal of Islamabad Medical and Dental College
全部 Acc. Chem. Res. ACS Applied Bio Materials ACS Appl. Electron. Mater. ACS Appl. Energy Mater. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces ACS Appl. Nano Mater. ACS Appl. Polym. Mater. ACS BIOMATER-SCI ENG ACS Catal. ACS Cent. Sci. ACS Chem. Biol. ACS Chemical Health & Safety ACS Chem. Neurosci. ACS Comb. Sci. ACS Earth Space Chem. ACS Energy Lett. ACS Infect. Dis. ACS Macro Lett. ACS Mater. Lett. ACS Med. Chem. Lett. ACS Nano ACS Omega ACS Photonics ACS Sens. ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng. ACS Synth. Biol. Anal. Chem. BIOCHEMISTRY-US Bioconjugate Chem. BIOMACROMOLECULES Chem. Res. Toxicol. Chem. Rev. Chem. Mater. CRYST GROWTH DES ENERG FUEL Environ. Sci. Technol. Environ. Sci. Technol. Lett. Eur. J. Inorg. Chem. IND ENG CHEM RES Inorg. Chem. J. Agric. Food. Chem. J. Chem. Eng. Data J. Chem. Educ. J. Chem. Inf. Model. J. Chem. Theory Comput. J. Med. Chem. J. Nat. Prod. J PROTEOME RES J. Am. Chem. Soc. LANGMUIR MACROMOLECULES Mol. Pharmaceutics Nano Lett. Org. Lett. ORG PROCESS RES DEV ORGANOMETALLICS J. Org. Chem. J. Phys. Chem. J. Phys. Chem. A J. Phys. Chem. B J. Phys. Chem. C J. Phys. Chem. Lett. Analyst Anal. Methods Biomater. Sci. Catal. Sci. Technol. Chem. Commun. Chem. Soc. Rev. CHEM EDUC RES PRACT CRYSTENGCOMM Dalton Trans. Energy Environ. Sci. ENVIRON SCI-NANO ENVIRON SCI-PROC IMP ENVIRON SCI-WAT RES Faraday Discuss. Food Funct. Green Chem. Inorg. Chem. Front. Integr. Biol. J. Anal. At. Spectrom. J. Mater. Chem. A J. Mater. Chem. B J. Mater. Chem. C Lab Chip Mater. Chem. Front. Mater. Horiz. MEDCHEMCOMM Metallomics Mol. Biosyst. Mol. Syst. Des. Eng. Nanoscale Nanoscale Horiz. Nat. Prod. Rep. New J. Chem. Org. Biomol. Chem. Org. Chem. Front. PHOTOCH PHOTOBIO SCI PCCP Polym. Chem.
×
引用
GB/T 7714-2015
复制
MLA
复制
APA
复制
导出至
BibTeX EndNote RefMan NoteFirst NoteExpress
×
0
微信
客服QQ
Book学术公众号 扫码关注我们
反馈
×
意见反馈
请填写您的意见或建议
请填写您的手机或邮箱
×
提示
您的信息不完整,为了账户安全,请先补充。
现在去补充
×
提示
您因"违规操作"
具体请查看互助需知
我知道了
×
提示
现在去查看 取消
×
提示
确定
Book学术官方微信
Book学术文献互助
Book学术文献互助群
群 号:481959085
Book学术
文献互助 智能选刊 最新文献 互助须知 联系我们:info@booksci.cn
Book学术提供免费学术资源搜索服务,方便国内外学者检索中英文文献。致力于提供最便捷和优质的服务体验。
Copyright © 2023 Book学术 All rights reserved.
ghs 京公网安备 11010802042870号 京ICP备2023020795号-1