Pub Date : 2022-03-31DOI: 10.35787/jimdc.v11i1.490
Shumaila Ali Rai, C. Ali, M. A. Qureshi
ABSTRACT: Objective: To determine the role of amiodarone prophylaxis in the prevention of dysrhythmias following coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) in patients with low ejection fraction (EF). Methods: In this prospective comparative study, we included150 patients who underwent coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) in Multan Institute of Cardiology within a duration of 07 months from Jan-2019 to Aug-2019 having low ejection fraction (EF ≤35%). In the intervention(amiodarone) group (N=75), 3 mg/Kg of amiodarone was given after removal of X-clamp and before weaning from cardiopulmonary bypass. while in the remaining 75 patients no anti-arrhythmic treatment was given in the peri-operative period. Occurrence of postoperative arrhythmia (AF and bradycardia) during the primary hospital stay after surgery was a primary study endpoint. Results: There was no significant difference between the mean age, gender and body mass index (BMI) of patients in the two groups. Regarding per-operative data, there was no significant difference in number of grafts in amiodarone group 3.9±0.53 and control group 3.04±0.50 (p-value 0.20). Frequency of Atrial fibrillation (AF) after the surgery was significantly differenced in both groups. In the amiodarone group, 13 (17.3%) patients developed POAF and in the control group, POAF occurred in 25 (33.3%) patients (p-value 0.024). Conclusion: Amiodarone prophylaxis significantly lower the incidence of POAF after CABG in patients with low EF. Amiodarone is easy to administer and is a valuable adjuvant for prevention of POAF.
{"title":"Role of Prophylactic Use of Amiodarone to Prevent Post-Operative Dysrhythmias in Patients with Low Ejection Fraction (EF ≤35%)","authors":"Shumaila Ali Rai, C. Ali, M. A. Qureshi","doi":"10.35787/jimdc.v11i1.490","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35787/jimdc.v11i1.490","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT: \u0000Objective: \u0000 To determine the role of amiodarone prophylaxis in the prevention of dysrhythmias following coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) in patients with low ejection fraction (EF). \u0000Methods: \u0000 In this prospective comparative study, we included150 patients who underwent coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) in Multan Institute of Cardiology within a duration of 07 months from Jan-2019 to Aug-2019 having low ejection fraction (EF ≤35%). In the intervention(amiodarone) group (N=75), 3 mg/Kg of amiodarone was given after removal of X-clamp and before weaning from cardiopulmonary bypass. while in the remaining 75 patients no anti-arrhythmic treatment was given in the peri-operative period. Occurrence of postoperative arrhythmia (AF and bradycardia) during the primary hospital stay after surgery was a primary study endpoint. \u0000Results: \u0000 There was no significant difference between the mean age, gender and body mass index (BMI) of patients in the two groups. Regarding per-operative data, there was no significant difference in number of grafts in amiodarone group 3.9±0.53 and control group 3.04±0.50 (p-value 0.20). Frequency of Atrial fibrillation (AF) after the surgery was significantly differenced in both groups. In the amiodarone group, 13 (17.3%) patients developed POAF and in the control group, POAF occurred in 25 (33.3%) patients (p-value 0.024). \u0000Conclusion: \u0000 Amiodarone prophylaxis significantly lower the incidence of POAF after CABG in patients with low EF. Amiodarone is easy to administer and is a valuable adjuvant for prevention of POAF.","PeriodicalId":33701,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Islamabad Medical and Dental College","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83805752","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs) are considered a good choice for undergraduate formative assessment as they have higher reliability and are generally feasible. The objective of this study was to evaluate the difficulty index of Multiple-Choice Questions in the end of block examination of preclinical undergraduate medical students at Rawalpindi Medical University. Methodology: This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted at Rawalpindi Medical University. End of Block assessment data was collected from Department of Medical Education, RMU. A total of 60 MCQs scores were randomly selected and the difficulty index was calculated after entering data in MS Excel. Data was then entered in SPSS version 24. Means and standard deviations of Difficulty indices were calculated and compared between first-year and second-year students by independent samples students t-test and between subjects by ANOVA. Results: Out of 120 Multiple Choice Items analyzed, in the first year MBBS block exam, 30% were easy, 65% were acceptable and 5% were difficult. In the second year MBBS block exam, 36.67% were easy, 56.67% were acceptable and 6.67% were difficult. There was no significant difference (p=0.986) between the mean difficulty index of first-year MBBS students and second-year MBBS students. However, the mean difficulty index was highest in physiology (66.53 ± 16.262) followed by biochemistry (64.36 ± 16.756) and anatomy (54.80 ± 17.665), and the mean difference between the subjects was statistically significant (p=0.005). The mean difficulty index in first-year MBBS students was highest for Biochemistry followed by Physiology and Anatomy. In second-year MBBS students, the mean difficulty index was highest in Physiology followed by Biochemistry and Anatomy. Conclusion: The difficulty index of Anatomy MCQs was lower indicating that the students find them more difficult than the other two subjects i.e., Physiology and Biochemistry in the first two years of their undergraduate medical studies.
背景:选择题被认为是大学生形成性评估的一个很好的选择，因为它们具有较高的可靠性和通常的可行性。本研究的目的是评估拉瓦尔品第医科大学临床预科本科学生分组考试结束时选择题的难度指数。方法:这项描述性横断面研究在拉瓦尔品第医科大学进行。组末评估数据收集自RMU医学教育系。随机抽取60个mcq分数，在MS Excel中输入数据后计算难度指数。然后在SPSS version 24中输入数据。采用独立样本学生t检验计算一年级和二年级学生难度指数的均值和标准差，采用方差分析比较被试之间的难度指数。结果:在分析的120个选择题中，在第一年的MBBS块考试中，30%是容易的，65%是可接受的，5%是困难的。在第二年MBBS模块考试中，容易的占36.67%，可接受的占56.67%，难的占6.67%。MBBS一年级与二年级学生的平均难度指数差异无统计学意义(p=0.986)。平均难度指数以生理学科最高(66.53±16.262)，其次为生化学科(64.36±16.756)，解剖学科(54.80±17.665)，各学科间平均差异有统计学意义(p=0.005)。MBBS一年级学生的平均难度指数最高的科目是生物化学，其次是生理学和解剖学。在MBBS二年级的学生中，生理学的平均难度指数最高，其次是生物化学和解剖学。结论:解剖mcq难度指数较低，说明学生对解剖mcq的难度高于医学本科前两年的生理、生化两门学科。
{"title":"Determination of Difficulty Index in End of Block Examinations of Preclinical Undergraduate Medical Students","authors":"Ifra Saeed, Arsalan Manzoor Mughal, Sidra Hamid, Tehmina Qamar, Ayesha Yousaf, Aneela jamil","doi":"10.35787/jimdc.v11i1.731","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35787/jimdc.v11i1.731","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs) are considered a good choice for undergraduate formative assessment as they have higher reliability and are generally feasible. The objective of this study was to evaluate the difficulty index of Multiple-Choice Questions in the end of block examination of preclinical undergraduate medical students at Rawalpindi Medical University. \u0000Methodology: This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted at Rawalpindi Medical University. End of Block assessment data was collected from Department of Medical Education, RMU. A total of 60 MCQs scores were randomly selected and the difficulty index was calculated after entering data in MS Excel. Data was then entered in SPSS version 24. Means and standard deviations of Difficulty indices were calculated and compared between first-year and second-year students by independent samples students t-test and between subjects by ANOVA. \u0000Results: Out of 120 Multiple Choice Items analyzed, in the first year MBBS block exam, 30% were easy, 65% were acceptable and 5% were difficult. In the second year MBBS block exam, 36.67% were easy, 56.67% were acceptable and 6.67% were difficult. There was no significant difference (p=0.986) between the mean difficulty index of first-year MBBS students and second-year MBBS students. However, the mean difficulty index was highest in physiology (66.53 ± 16.262) followed by biochemistry (64.36 ± 16.756) and anatomy (54.80 ± 17.665), and the mean difference between the subjects was statistically significant (p=0.005). The mean difficulty index in first-year MBBS students was highest for Biochemistry followed by Physiology and Anatomy. In second-year MBBS students, the mean difficulty index was highest in Physiology followed by Biochemistry and Anatomy. \u0000Conclusion: The difficulty index of Anatomy MCQs was lower indicating that the students find them more difficult than the other two subjects i.e., Physiology and Biochemistry in the first two years of their undergraduate medical studies. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 ","PeriodicalId":33701,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Islamabad Medical and Dental College","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72536802","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-31DOI: 10.35787/jimdc.v11i1.644
A. Wali, T. Siddiqui, Naqibullah Ajmir
The objective of the study was to evaluate research-oriented Knowledge, Attitude, and Practices amongst undergraduates and house surgeons of Dental College. Karachi. A cross-sectional study was conducted amongst undergraduate Dental students and house surgeons during the time between November-December 2018. Ethical approval was obtained from the ethical committee. The students from 1st year, 2nd year, 3rd year, final year and house surgeons were included in the study. Sample size was calculated by taking 50% prevalence rate and computed using open Epi version 3.03 at 95% confidence interval and =5%. The sample size obtained was 243. A convenience sampling technique was employed and a pretested Questionnaire was distributed to the dental students and house surgeons and were informed about the purpose of the study. The study included 243 undergraduate dental students and house surgeons out of which 84 were males and 159 were females. Forty six (90.2%) of the 2nd year students responded “yes” when asked about confident in interpreting and writing research paper. One hundred and five (41.2%) of the respondents preferred Google scholar for literature search. The present study concluded that most of the undergraduate students had more knowledge regarding research than house surgeons.
{"title":"Research –Oriented Knowledge, Attitude and Practices amongst Dental Students and House Surgeons.","authors":"A. Wali, T. Siddiqui, Naqibullah Ajmir","doi":"10.35787/jimdc.v11i1.644","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35787/jimdc.v11i1.644","url":null,"abstract":"The objective of the study was to evaluate research-oriented Knowledge, Attitude, and Practices amongst undergraduates and house surgeons of Dental College. Karachi. \u0000A cross-sectional study was conducted amongst undergraduate Dental students and house surgeons during the time between November-December 2018. Ethical approval was obtained from the ethical committee. The students from 1st year, 2nd year, 3rd year, final year and house surgeons were included in the study. Sample size was calculated by taking 50% prevalence rate and computed using open Epi version 3.03 at 95% confidence interval and =5%. The sample size obtained was 243. A convenience sampling technique was employed and a pretested Questionnaire was distributed to the dental students and house surgeons and were informed about the purpose of the study. The study included 243 undergraduate dental students and house surgeons out of which 84 were males and 159 were females. Forty six (90.2%) of the 2nd year students responded “yes” when asked about confident in interpreting and writing research paper. One hundred and five (41.2%) of the respondents preferred Google scholar for literature search. The present study concluded that most of the undergraduate students had more knowledge regarding research than house surgeons.","PeriodicalId":33701,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Islamabad Medical and Dental College","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72513208","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-31DOI: 10.35787/jimdc.v11i1.716
Dr. Shahnaz Memon, Dr. Sajjad Ali Almani, Dr. Muhammad Saqib Baloch, Dr. Samreen Ali, Tanveer Ahmed Talpur, Harender Kumar
Background and Objective: Resveratrol is a poly-hydroxyphenol plant toxin that alleviates oxidative stress by increasing endogenous antioxidant levels and prevents tissue damage. The study aimed to investigate the anti-oxidative role of Resveratrol by histochemical, ultrastructural, and biochemical methods in Cisplatin-induced testicular toxicity in Wistar Albino rats. Material and Methods: Quasi-experimental study was conducted at the Department of Pharmacology, Anatomy and Postgraduate Laboratory of ISRA University Hyderabad from October 2020 to March 2021. Twenty-four male, normal adult Wistar albino rats were recruited and distributed equally into; Group-A (Control), Group-B (Experimental group or Cisplatin group), Group-C (Experimental group or Cisplatin + Resveratrol combination group). Pre and post-experimental body weight, analysis of oxidative markers, semen parameters, and histomorphology were carried out in all three groups. SPSS version 24.0 was used for the analysis of Data. Results: A statistically significant decline in the body weight and testicular weight in group B and C respectively (p<0.05). While reduction in sperm count, motility and viability was observed in Group-B compared with Group-C (p<0.05). Oxidative markers were also significantly depleted in Group-B in comparison to Group-C (p<0.05). Evident changes were observed in the testicular histology of Group-B compared with Group-C (p<0.05). Irregular, regressive, and atrophic seminiferous tubules were seen in Group-B. Most seminiferous tubules having normal morphology were observed in Group-C while the number of atrophic and degenerative seminiferous tubules also decreased significantly. Conclusion: Resveratrol is a potent protective agent with promising results in attenuating cisplatin-induced oxidative stress and eventually testicular toxicity.
{"title":"Impact of Resveratrol in Attenuating Cisplatin Induced Testicular Toxicity in Male adult Rats","authors":"Dr. Shahnaz Memon, Dr. Sajjad Ali Almani, Dr. Muhammad Saqib Baloch, Dr. Samreen Ali, Tanveer Ahmed Talpur, Harender Kumar","doi":"10.35787/jimdc.v11i1.716","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35787/jimdc.v11i1.716","url":null,"abstract":"Background and Objective: Resveratrol is a poly-hydroxyphenol plant toxin that alleviates oxidative stress by increasing endogenous antioxidant levels and prevents tissue damage. The study aimed to investigate the anti-oxidative role of Resveratrol by histochemical, ultrastructural, and biochemical methods in Cisplatin-induced testicular toxicity in Wistar Albino rats. \u0000Material and Methods: Quasi-experimental study was conducted at the Department of Pharmacology, Anatomy and Postgraduate Laboratory of ISRA University Hyderabad from October 2020 to March 2021. Twenty-four male, normal adult Wistar albino rats were recruited and distributed equally into; Group-A (Control), Group-B (Experimental group or Cisplatin group), Group-C (Experimental group or Cisplatin + Resveratrol combination group). Pre and post-experimental body weight, analysis of oxidative markers, semen parameters, and histomorphology were carried out in all three groups. SPSS version 24.0 was used for the analysis of Data. \u0000Results: A statistically significant decline in the body weight and testicular weight in group B and C respectively (p<0.05). While reduction in sperm count, motility and viability was observed in Group-B compared with Group-C (p<0.05). Oxidative markers were also significantly depleted in Group-B in comparison to Group-C (p<0.05). Evident changes were observed in the testicular histology of Group-B compared with Group-C (p<0.05). Irregular, regressive, and atrophic seminiferous tubules were seen in Group-B. Most seminiferous tubules having normal morphology were observed in Group-C while the number of atrophic and degenerative seminiferous tubules also decreased significantly. \u0000Conclusion: Resveratrol is a potent protective agent with promising results in attenuating cisplatin-induced oxidative stress and eventually testicular toxicity.","PeriodicalId":33701,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Islamabad Medical and Dental College","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76324001","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-31DOI: 10.35787/jimdc.v11i1.711
Mohi Ud Din, Syed Fawad Mashhadi, Shahrob Khan, Tehreem Safdar, Bilal Ashraf, Zeeshan Khalid Awan
Objective: To assess the prevalence of internet use for medical purposes by the general public and to correlate it with anxiety levels. Materials and methods: An analytical cross-sectional study was conducted in tertiary care hospitals of Rawalpindi from August to December 2020. Ethical approval was taken. A sample size of 385 was calculated through Rao software. Non-probability convenient sampling technique was used. Informed consent was taken. A validated questionnaire was used. The data was analysed using IBM SPSS Statistics Version 25. Frequencies and percentages were calculated. Chi-square test of significance was applied. P-value less than .05 was considered as statistically significant. Results: A majority of the participants used the internet to obtain health-related information. Majority of the subjects stated that the health-related searches exacerbated their anxiety. The negative effects of excessive or inappropriate internet use are stronger in women than in men. Participants from lower income groups were more prone to anxiety, however participants from higher income groups were slightly more likely to visit a doctor for a perceived health condition. The internet was helpful in understanding the terminology used by doctors for majority of the participants. Conclusion: The study found that most people who use the internet also use it for health related searches. There is a positive correlation between excessive health-related internet use and health anxiety. This correlation is stronger in women. Looking up medical terminology on the internet makes it easier for patients to communicate with doctors and understand their condition. Keywords: Anxiety, web searches, internet, cyberchondria
目的:评估公众为医疗目的使用互联网的流行程度，并将其与焦虑水平联系起来。材料与方法:本研究于2020年8月至12月在拉瓦尔品第三级医院进行分析性横断面研究。通过了伦理审批。通过Rao软件计算样本容量为385人。采用非概率方便抽样技术。采取知情同意。使用了一份有效的问卷。使用IBM SPSS Statistics Version 25对数据进行分析。计算频率和百分比。采用卡方显著性检验。p值小于0.05认为有统计学意义。结果:大多数参与者使用互联网获取健康相关信息。大多数受试者表示，与健康相关的搜索加剧了他们的焦虑。过度或不适当使用互联网的负面影响在女性中比在男性中更强烈。来自低收入群体的参与者更容易焦虑，而来自高收入群体的参与者则更有可能因为自己的健康状况而去看医生。对于大多数参与者来说，互联网有助于理解医生使用的术语。结论:研究发现，大多数使用互联网的人也使用互联网进行与健康相关的搜索。过度使用与健康相关的互联网与健康焦虑之间存在正相关。这种相关性在女性身上更为明显。在互联网上查找医学术语使患者更容易与医生沟通并了解自己的病情。关键词:焦虑，网络搜索，互联网，网络疑病症
{"title":"Experiences of Web Searches for Medical Information Purposes on Health Anxiety in the general population reporting to tertiary care hospitals of Rawalpindi","authors":"Mohi Ud Din, Syed Fawad Mashhadi, Shahrob Khan, Tehreem Safdar, Bilal Ashraf, Zeeshan Khalid Awan","doi":"10.35787/jimdc.v11i1.711","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35787/jimdc.v11i1.711","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: To assess the prevalence of internet use for medical purposes by the general public and to correlate it with anxiety levels. \u0000Materials and methods: An analytical cross-sectional study was conducted in tertiary care hospitals of Rawalpindi from August to December 2020. Ethical approval was taken. A sample size of 385 was calculated through Rao software. Non-probability convenient sampling technique was used. Informed consent was taken. A validated questionnaire was used. The data was analysed using IBM SPSS Statistics Version 25. Frequencies and percentages were calculated. Chi-square test of significance was applied. P-value less than .05 was considered as statistically significant. \u0000Results: A majority of the participants used the internet to obtain health-related information. Majority of the subjects stated that the health-related searches exacerbated their anxiety. The negative effects of excessive or inappropriate internet use are stronger in women than in men. Participants from lower income groups were more prone to anxiety, however participants from higher income groups were slightly more likely to visit a doctor for a perceived health condition. The internet was helpful in understanding the terminology used by doctors for majority of the participants. \u0000Conclusion: The study found that most people who use the internet also use it for health related searches. There is a positive correlation between excessive health-related internet use and health anxiety. This correlation is stronger in women. Looking up medical terminology on the internet makes it easier for patients to communicate with doctors and understand their condition. \u0000Keywords: Anxiety, web searches, internet, cyberchondria","PeriodicalId":33701,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Islamabad Medical and Dental College","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81293229","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-31DOI: 10.35787/jimdc.v11i1.867
Admin Jimdc
{"title":"Challenges for the Academia for producing future doctors","authors":"Admin Jimdc","doi":"10.35787/jimdc.v11i1.867","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35787/jimdc.v11i1.867","url":null,"abstract":" ","PeriodicalId":33701,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Islamabad Medical and Dental College","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84691890","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-03DOI: 10.35787/jimdc.v10i4.770
Maria Shahzadi, Muhammad Bilal
{"title":"Quantum Physics: A Doorway for the Potential Treatment of Cancer","authors":"Maria Shahzadi, Muhammad Bilal","doi":"10.35787/jimdc.v10i4.770","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35787/jimdc.v10i4.770","url":null,"abstract":" \u0000 \u0000 ","PeriodicalId":33701,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Islamabad Medical and Dental College","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70000447","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-31DOI: 10.35787/jimdc.v10i4.826
Nadia Triq
{"title":"Health Care Challenges in Pakistan","authors":"Nadia Triq","doi":"10.35787/jimdc.v10i4.826","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35787/jimdc.v10i4.826","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":33701,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Islamabad Medical and Dental College","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48121566","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-31DOI: 10.35787/jimdc.v10i4.673
A. Ikram, Sidrah Saleem, Muhammad Imran, Ayesha Ghazal
ABSTRACT: Background: Failure of treatment with antibiotics occurs due to increase in number of Multidrug resistant gram negative bacteria, worldwide. The objective of this study was to find out the antimicrobial activity of crude ethanolic extract and its further three fractions by Ocimum basilicum leaves against multi drug resistant gram negative rods. Material and Methods: This descriptive study was conducted in the Department of Microbiology, University of Health Sciences, Lahore from 1st july 2016 to 30th june 2017. Total 80 multidrug resistant gram negative rods were included in this study. Agar dilution method was performed to determine MIC of crude ethanolic extract and different fractions i-e n-hexane, chloroform and ethyl acetate of Ocimum basilicum leaves against multidrug resistant gram negative rods i-e ESBLs and carbapenemase producers. Muti-inoculater was used for inoculation. Results: The mean MICs of crude ethanolic extract, n-hexane fraction, chloroform fraction, and ethyl acetate fraction of Ocimum basilicum against ESBLs were 100.0±8.00, 168.13±8.00, 176.88±8.00 41.75±8.00 respectively. Similarly, the mean MICs of crude ethanolic extract, n-hexane fraction, chloroform fraction, and ethyl acetate fraction of Ocimum basilicum against carbapenemase producers were 77.50±8.00, 113.75±8.00, 132.50±8.00 and 29.50±8.00 respectively. Conclusions: Ethyl acetate fraction and crude ethanolic extract from leaves of Ocimum basilicum showed good antibacterial effectiveness against ESBLs and carbapenem resistant organisms than other fractions. This finding may also promote the effective use of O. basilicum herb and its components in modern medicine.
{"title":"Antimicrobial activity by solvents extracted from Ocimum basilicum herb against multidrug resistant gram negative rods.","authors":"A. Ikram, Sidrah Saleem, Muhammad Imran, Ayesha Ghazal","doi":"10.35787/jimdc.v10i4.673","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35787/jimdc.v10i4.673","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT: \u0000Background: Failure of treatment with antibiotics occurs due to increase in number of Multidrug resistant gram negative bacteria, worldwide. The objective of this study was to find out the antimicrobial activity of crude ethanolic extract and its further three fractions by Ocimum basilicum leaves against multi drug resistant gram negative rods. \u0000Material and Methods: This descriptive study was conducted in the Department of Microbiology, University of Health Sciences, Lahore from 1st july 2016 to 30th june 2017. Total 80 multidrug resistant gram negative rods were included in this study. Agar dilution method was performed to determine MIC of crude ethanolic extract and different fractions i-e n-hexane, chloroform and ethyl acetate of Ocimum basilicum leaves against multidrug resistant gram negative rods i-e ESBLs and carbapenemase producers. Muti-inoculater was used for inoculation. \u0000Results: The mean MICs of crude ethanolic extract, n-hexane fraction, chloroform fraction, and ethyl acetate fraction of Ocimum basilicum against ESBLs were 100.0±8.00, 168.13±8.00, 176.88±8.00 41.75±8.00 respectively. Similarly, the mean MICs of crude ethanolic extract, n-hexane fraction, chloroform fraction, and ethyl acetate fraction of Ocimum basilicum against carbapenemase producers were 77.50±8.00, 113.75±8.00, 132.50±8.00 and 29.50±8.00 respectively. \u0000Conclusions: Ethyl acetate fraction and crude ethanolic extract from leaves of Ocimum basilicum showed good antibacterial effectiveness against ESBLs and carbapenem resistant organisms than other fractions. This finding may also promote the effective use of O. basilicum herb and its components in modern medicine.","PeriodicalId":33701,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Islamabad Medical and Dental College","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49238853","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-31DOI: 10.35787/jimdc.v10i4.603
Dr Fizah Mahnoor Khan, Dr Tehmina Gul, Dr Syeda Farah Naqvi, Dr.Sumaiyah Obaid, Dr Mahwish Haye
Introduction .Objectives of the study are:- 1) To determine the frequency of stress incontinence in pregnant females, 2) To determine the frequency of urinary incontinence is increased in primigravida (pregnant for first time), or multigravida. 3) To determine how many of the females are referred for physiotherapy. Methodology: A Cross-sectional survey was conducted among 600 pregnant females from January to June 2018 selected via the convenience sampling technique. Data was collected from different major cities of Pakistan using validated questionnaires including “The Questionnaire for Urinary Incontinence Diagnosis” (QUID) and “International consultation on incontinence questionnaire” (ICIQ-SF) and self-structured questions assessing the reference of pregnant women to physiotherapy, for urinary incontinence. Subjects were selected according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria with the consent and approval of the participants. Statistical analysis was done using SPSS v.20. Results Out of 600 females, 84.3% (506/600) had experienced stress urinary incontinence in pregnancy and a 64.5% urinary incontinence was found in multigravida females. According to the results, the complaints of urinary incontinence were increased during the 9th month to 35.5%. 6.2% of the participants were referred to a physiotherapist for exercise, out of which, 3.7% were prescribed daily exercise and 1% followed the exercise regime regularly. Conclusion This Study concludes that the frequency of stress urinary incontinence in third-trimester pregnant women especially during 9th-month multigravida is severed. Referral to physiotherapy for urinary incontinence in pregnancy is extremely low.
{"title":"Frequency of Stress Urinary Incontinence during Third Trimester in pregnant female with Referral for the Physiotherapy","authors":"Dr Fizah Mahnoor Khan, Dr Tehmina Gul, Dr Syeda Farah Naqvi, Dr.Sumaiyah Obaid, Dr Mahwish Haye","doi":"10.35787/jimdc.v10i4.603","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35787/jimdc.v10i4.603","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction \u0000.Objectives of the study are:- \u00001) To determine the frequency of stress incontinence in pregnant females, \u00002) To determine the frequency of urinary incontinence is increased in primigravida (pregnant for first time), or multigravida. \u00003) To determine how many of the females are referred for physiotherapy. \u0000Methodology: \u0000A Cross-sectional survey was conducted among 600 pregnant females from January to June 2018 selected via the convenience sampling technique. Data was collected from different major cities of Pakistan using validated questionnaires including “The Questionnaire for Urinary Incontinence Diagnosis” (QUID) and “International consultation on incontinence questionnaire” (ICIQ-SF) and self-structured questions assessing the reference of pregnant women to physiotherapy, for urinary incontinence. Subjects were selected according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria with the consent and approval of the participants. Statistical analysis was done using SPSS v.20. \u0000Results \u0000Out of 600 females, 84.3% (506/600) had experienced stress urinary incontinence in pregnancy and a 64.5% urinary incontinence was found in multigravida females. According to the results, the complaints of urinary incontinence were increased during the 9th month to 35.5%. 6.2% of the participants were referred to a physiotherapist for exercise, out of which, 3.7% were prescribed daily exercise and 1% followed the exercise regime regularly. \u0000Conclusion \u0000This Study concludes that the frequency of stress urinary incontinence in third-trimester pregnant women especially during 9th-month multigravida is severed. Referral to physiotherapy for urinary incontinence in pregnancy is extremely low.","PeriodicalId":33701,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Islamabad Medical and Dental College","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43843171","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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