Pub Date : 2023-12-01DOI: 10.3389/frwa.2023.1279444
Shuangxiao Luo, Chunqiao Song
Lake water level is an important variable to indicate lake hydrological balances and climate change impacts. Benefiting from the launch of the laser altimeters ICESat and ICESat-2, higher spatial-resolution elevation measurements have opened new possibilities for monitoring lake levels globally over the past two decades. However, uncertainties on the combined use of two-generation satellite laser measurements have not yet been investigated specifically. This study aimed to summarize the important technique notes on water level data processing by integrating the ICESat and ICESat-2 altimetry measurements. We mainly focused on the effect of geoid height, water masks for extracting altimetry footprints, and the 9-year data gap between the two generations of satellites on water level change estimates. We compared the influences of the above three factors in different situations by selecting typical lakes worldwide as study cases. The results showed that: (1) In the combination of ICESat and ICESat-2 products, geoid heights need to be recalculated for each footprint based on its longitude and latitude in order to replace the geoid values of the original products when calculating orthometric heights. It is necessary because the default geoids in both generations of products (ICESat and ICESat-2) exhibit a systematic deviation; (2) To balance the accuracy and efficiency, the small water mask in the low-level year is recommended to extract the potential footprints in comparison with the laborious processing of time-varying water masks; (3) The 9-year data gap between ICESat and ICESat-2 observations may cause inevitable overestimations or underestimations of the long-term change rate of lake levels with a non-linear trajectory, yet it has few effects on lakes with (near) linear trending or fluctuating changes.
{"title":"Uncertainties on the combined use of ICESat and ICESat-2 observations to monitor lake levels","authors":"Shuangxiao Luo, Chunqiao Song","doi":"10.3389/frwa.2023.1279444","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/frwa.2023.1279444","url":null,"abstract":"Lake water level is an important variable to indicate lake hydrological balances and climate change impacts. Benefiting from the launch of the laser altimeters ICESat and ICESat-2, higher spatial-resolution elevation measurements have opened new possibilities for monitoring lake levels globally over the past two decades. However, uncertainties on the combined use of two-generation satellite laser measurements have not yet been investigated specifically. This study aimed to summarize the important technique notes on water level data processing by integrating the ICESat and ICESat-2 altimetry measurements. We mainly focused on the effect of geoid height, water masks for extracting altimetry footprints, and the 9-year data gap between the two generations of satellites on water level change estimates. We compared the influences of the above three factors in different situations by selecting typical lakes worldwide as study cases. The results showed that: (1) In the combination of ICESat and ICESat-2 products, geoid heights need to be recalculated for each footprint based on its longitude and latitude in order to replace the geoid values of the original products when calculating orthometric heights. It is necessary because the default geoids in both generations of products (ICESat and ICESat-2) exhibit a systematic deviation; (2) To balance the accuracy and efficiency, the small water mask in the low-level year is recommended to extract the potential footprints in comparison with the laborious processing of time-varying water masks; (3) The 9-year data gap between ICESat and ICESat-2 observations may cause inevitable overestimations or underestimations of the long-term change rate of lake levels with a non-linear trajectory, yet it has few effects on lakes with (near) linear trending or fluctuating changes.","PeriodicalId":33801,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Water","volume":"5 13","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138625335","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-29DOI: 10.3389/frwa.2023.1325300
A. R. Newton, Rajesh Melaram
Harmful algal blooms (HABs) have garnered increasing attention due to their adverse effects on water quality, aquatic ecosystems, and animal and human health. Prior research suggests that HAB-contaminated water containing toxins can significantly affect the development of plant structures and inhibit essential physiological processes. However, the potential benefits and risks of using HAB-contaminated water sourced from local water bodies for agricultural irrigation is not completely understood. This perspective paper delves into the origins and impacts of HABs, the environmental and agricultural repercussions of their use in irrigation, and management strategies to mitigate associated risks of HAB-contaminated water in sustainable agriculture. Future studies are needed to validate the practical benefits of HABs in agricultural irrigation for the enhancement of soil health and overall crop growth and productivity.
{"title":"Harmful algal blooms in agricultural irrigation: risks, benefits, and management","authors":"A. R. Newton, Rajesh Melaram","doi":"10.3389/frwa.2023.1325300","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/frwa.2023.1325300","url":null,"abstract":"Harmful algal blooms (HABs) have garnered increasing attention due to their adverse effects on water quality, aquatic ecosystems, and animal and human health. Prior research suggests that HAB-contaminated water containing toxins can significantly affect the development of plant structures and inhibit essential physiological processes. However, the potential benefits and risks of using HAB-contaminated water sourced from local water bodies for agricultural irrigation is not completely understood. This perspective paper delves into the origins and impacts of HABs, the environmental and agricultural repercussions of their use in irrigation, and management strategies to mitigate associated risks of HAB-contaminated water in sustainable agriculture. Future studies are needed to validate the practical benefits of HABs in agricultural irrigation for the enhancement of soil health and overall crop growth and productivity.","PeriodicalId":33801,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Water","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2023-11-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139209513","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-29DOI: 10.3389/frwa.2023.1292564
Carol J. Friedland, F. Orooji, Ayat Al Assi, Matthew L. Flynn, Rubayet Bin Mostafiz
Much of the U.S. petrochemical infrastructure is heavily concentrated along the western coast of the Gulf of Mexico within the impact zone of major tropical cyclone events. Flood impacts of recent tropical disturbances have been exacerbated by an overall lack of recognition of the vulnerabilities to process systems from water intrusion, as well as insufficient disaster mitigation planning. Vulnerability assessment methods currently call for the aggregation of qualitative data to survey the susceptibility of industrial systems to floodwater damage. A means to quantify these consequences is less often employed, resulting in a poor translation of the threat of flood hazards to a crucial element of the economy. This paper reviews flood damage assessment for industrial facilities and presents a component-level conceptual methodology to assess the consequences of flood events. To more effectively communicate loss potential from flood events, the proposed methodology utilizes synthetic estimation to calculate repair requirements, shutdown time, and direct cost.
{"title":"Flood damage and shutdown times for industrial process facilities: a vulnerability assessment process framework","authors":"Carol J. Friedland, F. Orooji, Ayat Al Assi, Matthew L. Flynn, Rubayet Bin Mostafiz","doi":"10.3389/frwa.2023.1292564","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/frwa.2023.1292564","url":null,"abstract":"Much of the U.S. petrochemical infrastructure is heavily concentrated along the western coast of the Gulf of Mexico within the impact zone of major tropical cyclone events. Flood impacts of recent tropical disturbances have been exacerbated by an overall lack of recognition of the vulnerabilities to process systems from water intrusion, as well as insufficient disaster mitigation planning. Vulnerability assessment methods currently call for the aggregation of qualitative data to survey the susceptibility of industrial systems to floodwater damage. A means to quantify these consequences is less often employed, resulting in a poor translation of the threat of flood hazards to a crucial element of the economy. This paper reviews flood damage assessment for industrial facilities and presents a component-level conceptual methodology to assess the consequences of flood events. To more effectively communicate loss potential from flood events, the proposed methodology utilizes synthetic estimation to calculate repair requirements, shutdown time, and direct cost.","PeriodicalId":33801,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Water","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2023-11-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139212961","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-23DOI: 10.3389/frwa.2023.1241622
Se Jong Cho, D. Karwan, K. Skalak, James Pizzuto, Max E. Huffman
Sediment connectivity is a conceptualization for the transfer and storage of sediment among different geomorphic compartments across upland landscapes and channel networks. Sediment connectivity and dysconnectivity are linked to the water cycle and hydrologic systems with the associated multiscale interactions with climate, soil, topography, ecology, and landuse/landcover under natural variability and human intervention. We review current sediment connectivity and modeling approaches evaluating and quantifying water and sediment transfer in catchment systems. Many studies highlight the interaction between sediment and water in defining landscape connectivity, but many efforts to quantify and/or simulate sediment connectivity rely on the topographic/structural controls on sediment erosion and delivery. More recent modeling efforts integrate functional and structural connectivity to capture hydrologic properties influencing sediment delivery. Though the recent modeling development is encouraging, a comprehensive sediment connectivity framework, which integrates geomorphic and hydrologic processes across spatiotemporal scales, has not yet been accomplished. Such an effort requires understanding the hydrologic and geomorphic processes that control sediment source, storage, and transport at different spatiotemporal scales and across various geophysical conditions. We propose a path for developing this new understanding through an integrated hydrologic and sediment connectivity conceptual model that broadly categorizes dominant processes and patterns relevant to understanding sediment flux dynamics. The conceptual model describes hydrologic–sediment connectivity regimes through spatial-temporal feedback between hydrologic processes and geomorphic drivers. We propose that in combining hydrologic and sediment connectivity into a single conceptual model, patterns emerge such that catchments will exist in a single characteristic behavior at a particular instance, which would shift with space and time, and with landscape disturbances. Using the conceptual model as a “thinking” tool, we extract case studies from a multidisciplinary literature review—from hydrology, geomorphology, biogeochemistry, and watershed modeling to remote-sensing technology—that correspond to each of the dominant hydrologic–sediment connectivity regimes. Sediment and water interactions in real-world examples through various observational and modeling techniques illustrate the advancements in the spatial and temporal scales of landscape connectivity observations and simulations. The conceptual model and case studies provide a foundation for advancing the understanding and predictive capability of watershed sediment processes at multiple spatiotemporal scales. Plain language summary: Soil erosion and movement across the landscape are closely linked to rain events and flow pathways. Landscape connectivity is a way to consider how soil erosion from different parts of the landscape is conn
{"title":"Sediment sources and connectivity linked to hydrologic pathways and geomorphic processes: a conceptual model to specify sediment sources and pathways through space and time","authors":"Se Jong Cho, D. Karwan, K. Skalak, James Pizzuto, Max E. Huffman","doi":"10.3389/frwa.2023.1241622","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/frwa.2023.1241622","url":null,"abstract":"Sediment connectivity is a conceptualization for the transfer and storage of sediment among different geomorphic compartments across upland landscapes and channel networks. Sediment connectivity and dysconnectivity are linked to the water cycle and hydrologic systems with the associated multiscale interactions with climate, soil, topography, ecology, and landuse/landcover under natural variability and human intervention. We review current sediment connectivity and modeling approaches evaluating and quantifying water and sediment transfer in catchment systems. Many studies highlight the interaction between sediment and water in defining landscape connectivity, but many efforts to quantify and/or simulate sediment connectivity rely on the topographic/structural controls on sediment erosion and delivery. More recent modeling efforts integrate functional and structural connectivity to capture hydrologic properties influencing sediment delivery. Though the recent modeling development is encouraging, a comprehensive sediment connectivity framework, which integrates geomorphic and hydrologic processes across spatiotemporal scales, has not yet been accomplished. Such an effort requires understanding the hydrologic and geomorphic processes that control sediment source, storage, and transport at different spatiotemporal scales and across various geophysical conditions. We propose a path for developing this new understanding through an integrated hydrologic and sediment connectivity conceptual model that broadly categorizes dominant processes and patterns relevant to understanding sediment flux dynamics. The conceptual model describes hydrologic–sediment connectivity regimes through spatial-temporal feedback between hydrologic processes and geomorphic drivers. We propose that in combining hydrologic and sediment connectivity into a single conceptual model, patterns emerge such that catchments will exist in a single characteristic behavior at a particular instance, which would shift with space and time, and with landscape disturbances. Using the conceptual model as a “thinking” tool, we extract case studies from a multidisciplinary literature review—from hydrology, geomorphology, biogeochemistry, and watershed modeling to remote-sensing technology—that correspond to each of the dominant hydrologic–sediment connectivity regimes. Sediment and water interactions in real-world examples through various observational and modeling techniques illustrate the advancements in the spatial and temporal scales of landscape connectivity observations and simulations. The conceptual model and case studies provide a foundation for advancing the understanding and predictive capability of watershed sediment processes at multiple spatiotemporal scales. Plain language summary: Soil erosion and movement across the landscape are closely linked to rain events and flow pathways. Landscape connectivity is a way to consider how soil erosion from different parts of the landscape is conn","PeriodicalId":33801,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Water","volume":"24 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2023-11-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139243422","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-23DOI: 10.3389/frwa.2023.1091871
Divya Subramanian
Dense cities in developing nations face rapid urban sprawl. This alters the local ecology and contributes significantly to the local temperature variation. Gray infrastructure (GI) includes vital processes of sewage treatment and wastewater pumping stations. GI is attributed to large greenhouse gas emissions and high energy utilization, contributing to the local urban heat island effect. A knowledge gap exists in assessing GI contribution to the local temperature variation in megacities of developing nations like India.In this study, the Thermal Variance Index (TVI) was derived around a buffer zone for 7 Sewage Treatment Plants (STPs) in Mumbai. Landsat 8 remote sensing imagery was used with summer and winter variation for alternate years from 2014 to 2021.Three STPs set within densely built surroundings showed a cooling profile. Four STPs located among wetlands displayed a heating profile. The surrounding built spaces showed significant influence on the TVI recorded. The STP Cooling Effect (CE) was further quantified by deducing its Cooling Range (CR) and Cooling Intensity (CI). STPs within densely built areas showed higher Cooling Range and Cooling Intensity. Regression analysis models indicated a high positive correlation for the Normalized Difference Built-up Index (NDBI), Landscape Shape Index (LSI), and STP capacity. Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), Modified Normalized Difference Water Index (MNDWI), and STP area showed a strong negative correlation.
{"title":"Quantifying thermal variation around gray infrastructure in urban India","authors":"Divya Subramanian","doi":"10.3389/frwa.2023.1091871","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/frwa.2023.1091871","url":null,"abstract":"Dense cities in developing nations face rapid urban sprawl. This alters the local ecology and contributes significantly to the local temperature variation. Gray infrastructure (GI) includes vital processes of sewage treatment and wastewater pumping stations. GI is attributed to large greenhouse gas emissions and high energy utilization, contributing to the local urban heat island effect. A knowledge gap exists in assessing GI contribution to the local temperature variation in megacities of developing nations like India.In this study, the Thermal Variance Index (TVI) was derived around a buffer zone for 7 Sewage Treatment Plants (STPs) in Mumbai. Landsat 8 remote sensing imagery was used with summer and winter variation for alternate years from 2014 to 2021.Three STPs set within densely built surroundings showed a cooling profile. Four STPs located among wetlands displayed a heating profile. The surrounding built spaces showed significant influence on the TVI recorded. The STP Cooling Effect (CE) was further quantified by deducing its Cooling Range (CR) and Cooling Intensity (CI). STPs within densely built areas showed higher Cooling Range and Cooling Intensity. Regression analysis models indicated a high positive correlation for the Normalized Difference Built-up Index (NDBI), Landscape Shape Index (LSI), and STP capacity. Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), Modified Normalized Difference Water Index (MNDWI), and STP area showed a strong negative correlation.","PeriodicalId":33801,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Water","volume":"52 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2023-11-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139245189","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-22DOI: 10.3389/frwa.2023.1278306
Guia Marie M. Mortel, Chandra A. Madramootoo
Sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum) is a traditional major crop and export of Guyana. This study aims to assess the current irrigation scenario and propose scenarios to maximize the yield and water use efficiency of sugarcane (S. officinarum) in Guyana, using the AquaCrop model. Field-measured climate and soil data, and local crop parameters were used in the simulations. The crop simulations were calibrated with actual yields from 2005 to 2008. The calibrated parameters were then validated using the 2009 to 2012 yield dataset. The good agreement (RMSE of 7.15%) with the recorded yield during validation and the low sensitivity of calibrated parameters indicate the acceptability of AquaCrop and the parameters used for simulations. During calibration, the yield was weakly sensitive (0.6–2% ΔRMSEn) to changes in crop parameter values with the highest sensitivity observed for the maximum canopy cover (CCx) and the crop coefficient (kcmax). Several irrigation scenarios were then simulated, of which no significant reduction or increase in yield was observed between the scenarios 50% to 100% of the total available water (TAW). A threshold of 50%TAW is advised during dry periods to avoid significant yield loss. It is recommended that this scenario be validated with field experiments. The results of this study will assist in maintaining high sugarcane yields even during dry conditions.
{"title":"Improving water use efficiency of surface irrigated sugarcane","authors":"Guia Marie M. Mortel, Chandra A. Madramootoo","doi":"10.3389/frwa.2023.1278306","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/frwa.2023.1278306","url":null,"abstract":"Sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum) is a traditional major crop and export of Guyana. This study aims to assess the current irrigation scenario and propose scenarios to maximize the yield and water use efficiency of sugarcane (S. officinarum) in Guyana, using the AquaCrop model. Field-measured climate and soil data, and local crop parameters were used in the simulations. The crop simulations were calibrated with actual yields from 2005 to 2008. The calibrated parameters were then validated using the 2009 to 2012 yield dataset. The good agreement (RMSE of 7.15%) with the recorded yield during validation and the low sensitivity of calibrated parameters indicate the acceptability of AquaCrop and the parameters used for simulations. During calibration, the yield was weakly sensitive (0.6–2% ΔRMSEn) to changes in crop parameter values with the highest sensitivity observed for the maximum canopy cover (CCx) and the crop coefficient (kcmax). Several irrigation scenarios were then simulated, of which no significant reduction or increase in yield was observed between the scenarios 50% to 100% of the total available water (TAW). A threshold of 50%TAW is advised during dry periods to avoid significant yield loss. It is recommended that this scenario be validated with field experiments. The results of this study will assist in maintaining high sugarcane yields even during dry conditions.","PeriodicalId":33801,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Water","volume":"46 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2023-11-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139249740","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-17DOI: 10.3389/frwa.2023.1304646
Fang Yenn Teo, Ming Fai Chow, Chun Kiat Chang
{"title":"Editorial: Sustainable urban stormwater management under a changing climate","authors":"Fang Yenn Teo, Ming Fai Chow, Chun Kiat Chang","doi":"10.3389/frwa.2023.1304646","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/frwa.2023.1304646","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":33801,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Water","volume":"88 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2023-11-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139264065","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-08DOI: 10.3389/frwa.2023.1280528
Carl F. Weems, Cristina Poleacovschi, Kaoru Ikuma
Reliable access to safe water is essential for health, wellbeing, and the livelihoods of people. However, water security innovations benefit when engineering and geoscience decisions consider systemic human, social, and organizational realities, needs, and goals. Indeed, true innovation that leads to water security requires intensively inclusive and iterative processes to occur at multiple scales of analysis across diverse sciences—for this, expertise and knowledge across the varied sciences is essential to facilitate such convergent, transdisciplinary research. Here, we articulate our perspective for identifying points of intersection and working across disciplinary boundaries to address water crises. Our perspective takes a multidimensional view of community, organization, family, and individual resilience in the face of natural and human hazards. It builds upon previous models of cumulative water related risk by nuancing the relationships amongst levels of analysis, and expanding the idea of cumulative impacts to include interactive impacts (e.g., buffering, enhancing, effects and other moderators), mediated effects (i.e., mechanisms of impact), as well as additive and suppressive linkages amongst risk and protective factors.
{"title":"A perspective for identifying intersections among the social, engineering, and geosciences to address water crises","authors":"Carl F. Weems, Cristina Poleacovschi, Kaoru Ikuma","doi":"10.3389/frwa.2023.1280528","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/frwa.2023.1280528","url":null,"abstract":"Reliable access to safe water is essential for health, wellbeing, and the livelihoods of people. However, water security innovations benefit when engineering and geoscience decisions consider systemic human, social, and organizational realities, needs, and goals. Indeed, true innovation that leads to water security requires intensively inclusive and iterative processes to occur at multiple scales of analysis across diverse sciences—for this, expertise and knowledge across the varied sciences is essential to facilitate such convergent, transdisciplinary research. Here, we articulate our perspective for identifying points of intersection and working across disciplinary boundaries to address water crises. Our perspective takes a multidimensional view of community, organization, family, and individual resilience in the face of natural and human hazards. It builds upon previous models of cumulative water related risk by nuancing the relationships amongst levels of analysis, and expanding the idea of cumulative impacts to include interactive impacts (e.g., buffering, enhancing, effects and other moderators), mediated effects (i.e., mechanisms of impact), as well as additive and suppressive linkages amongst risk and protective factors.","PeriodicalId":33801,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Water","volume":"355 13","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135392445","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-07DOI: 10.3389/frwa.2023.1212361
Epiphania B. Magwilang, Annie Lourie Yawan Paredes, Francisco C. Armas, Helen Grace P. Bugnay, Rose D. Dagupen
Domestic water is indispensable for daily use, yet its effective management encounters numerous challenges that impact household consumers. This study aims to identify the challenges leading to supply inadequacy and uneven distribution, while proposing interventions to enhance water supply for households. The study employed surveys, interviews, and focus group discussions to gather comprehensive data on domestic water supply issues in rural communities in Bontoc, Philippines. The findings reveal two primary issues in these rural communities: supply inadequacy and unequal distribution. Supply inadequacy is attributed to factors such as wasteful water use, water scarcity during prolonged dry seasons, limited water sources, and population growth. Uneven distribution results from factors like landslides, illegal tapping, irregular water quality, insufficient monitoring of quantity and pressure, and inadequacies in the water distribution network layout. The study suggests several crucial actions for the local government unit (LGU) of Bontoc. These include augmenting water sources, implementing regular water supply monitoring, ensuring timely repairs, replacing old pipes, optimizing distribution pipeline layouts, enhancing water pressure, and rigorously enforcing municipal water ordinances. Furthermore, the study emphasizes the importance of household water management practices, such as responsible consumption, supply conservation, and recycling. The effective implementation of these interventions, through collaboration between the LGU and households, has the potential to ameliorate the constraints in domestic water supply and distribution. This collaborative approach is essential for improving supply management and addressing the current challenges faced by domestic water consumers.
{"title":"Challenges faced by the municipal water works management in improving water supply adequacy and distribution in Bontoc, Philippines","authors":"Epiphania B. Magwilang, Annie Lourie Yawan Paredes, Francisco C. Armas, Helen Grace P. Bugnay, Rose D. Dagupen","doi":"10.3389/frwa.2023.1212361","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/frwa.2023.1212361","url":null,"abstract":"Domestic water is indispensable for daily use, yet its effective management encounters numerous challenges that impact household consumers. This study aims to identify the challenges leading to supply inadequacy and uneven distribution, while proposing interventions to enhance water supply for households. The study employed surveys, interviews, and focus group discussions to gather comprehensive data on domestic water supply issues in rural communities in Bontoc, Philippines. The findings reveal two primary issues in these rural communities: supply inadequacy and unequal distribution. Supply inadequacy is attributed to factors such as wasteful water use, water scarcity during prolonged dry seasons, limited water sources, and population growth. Uneven distribution results from factors like landslides, illegal tapping, irregular water quality, insufficient monitoring of quantity and pressure, and inadequacies in the water distribution network layout. The study suggests several crucial actions for the local government unit (LGU) of Bontoc. These include augmenting water sources, implementing regular water supply monitoring, ensuring timely repairs, replacing old pipes, optimizing distribution pipeline layouts, enhancing water pressure, and rigorously enforcing municipal water ordinances. Furthermore, the study emphasizes the importance of household water management practices, such as responsible consumption, supply conservation, and recycling. The effective implementation of these interventions, through collaboration between the LGU and households, has the potential to ameliorate the constraints in domestic water supply and distribution. This collaborative approach is essential for improving supply management and addressing the current challenges faced by domestic water consumers.","PeriodicalId":33801,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Water","volume":"106 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135476424","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-02DOI: 10.3389/frwa.2023.1250068
Alberto Zannella, Karin Eklöf, Emma Lannergård, Hjalmar Laudon, Eliza Maher Hasselquist, Marcus B. Wallin
Boreal watercourses are large emitters of carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) to the atmosphere. For forestry intensive areas of the Nordic and Baltic countries, a high share of these watercourses are man-made ditches, created to improve drainage and increase forest productivity. Previous studies have suggested that terrestrial sources sustain the CO 2 in these ditches and variability in hydrology is the main temporal control. However, few studies have explored ditch CO 2 dynamics and its associated controls in catchments being exposed to forest harvest. An altered hydrology, increased nutrient export and light availability following forest harvest are all factors that potentially can change both levels, dynamics, and source controls of ditch CO 2 . Here, high-frequency (30 min) CO 2 concentration dynamics together with other hydrochemical variables were studied in a forest ditch draining a fully harvested catchment in the Trollberget Experimental Area, northern Sweden. We collected data during the snow-free season from May to October. Ditch CO 2 concentrations displayed a clear seasonal pattern with higher CO 2 concentrations during summer than in spring and autumn. Concentrations ranged from 1.8 to 3.5 mg C L −1 (median: 2.4 mg C L −1 , IQR = 0.5 mg C L −1 ). Strong diel cycles in CO 2 developed during early summer, with daily amplitudes in CO 2 reaching up to 1.1 mg C L −1 . These pronounced daily cycles in CO 2 were closely related to the daily sum of shortwave radiation and water temperature. Variations in hydrology had generally a low impact on the CO 2 dynamics but did vary among seasons and between individual hydrological events. It was evident from our study that growing season CO 2 concentrations in a forest ditch affected by clear-cut harvest were highly variable and mainly controlled by light and temperature induced metabolism. These high dynamics and the associated controls need to be considered when scaling up ditch CO 2 emissions across boreal landscapes affected by intensive forestry.
北方水道向大气排放大量二氧化碳(CO 2)。在北欧和波罗的海国家的林业密集地区，这些水道中有很大一部分是人为的沟渠，目的是改善排水和提高森林生产力。以前的研究表明，陆地来源维持了这些沟渠中的二氧化碳，水文变化是主要的时间控制因素。然而，很少有研究探讨了受到森林采伐影响的集水区的沟渠二氧化碳动态及其相关控制。改变的水文、增加的养分输出和森林采伐后的光照供应都是可能改变沟渠二氧化碳水平、动态和来源控制的因素。在瑞典北部的Trollberget实验区，研究了高频(30分钟)co2浓度动态以及其他水化学变量，这些变化发生在排水完全收获的集水区的森林沟渠中。我们在5月至10月的无雪季节收集数据。沟渠co2浓度表现出明显的季节特征，夏季co2浓度高于春季和秋季。浓度范围为1.8 ~ 3.5 mg C L−1(中位数:2.4 mg C L−1,IQR = 0.5 mg C L−1)。在初夏，CO 2的强烈日循环发展，CO 2的日振幅达到1.1 mg C L−1。这些显著的CO 2日循环与短波辐射日和水温密切相关。水文变化对co2动态的影响一般较低，但在季节和个别水文事件之间确实存在差异。研究表明，受采伐影响的林沟生长季co2浓度变化较大，主要受光和温度诱导代谢的控制。在受集约化林业影响的北方地区扩大沟渠二氧化碳排放时，需要考虑这些高动态和相关的控制措施。
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