Pub Date : 2024-01-19DOI: 10.1109/OJEMB.2024.3356177
Dean M. Corva;Egan H. Doeven;Brenna Parke;Scott D. Adams;Susannah J. Tye;Parastoo Hashemi;Michael Berk;Abbas Z. Kouzani
Goal: Dynamically monitoring serotonin in real-time within target brain regions would significantly improve the diagnostic and therapeutic approaches to a variety of neurological and psychiatric disorders. Current systems for measuring serotonin lack immediacy and portability and are bulky and expensive. Methods: We present a new miniaturised device, named SmartFSCV, designed to monitor dynamic changes of serotonin using fast-scan cyclic voltammetry (FSCV). This device outputs a precision voltage potential between −3 to +3 V, and measures current between −1.5 to +1.5 μA with nano-ampere accuracy. The device can output modifiable arbitrary waveforms for various measurements and uses an N-shaped waveform at a scan-rate of 1000 V/s for sensing serotonin. Results: Four experiments were conducted to validate SmartFSCV: static bench test, dynamic serotonin test and two artificial intelligence (AI) algorithm tests. Conclusions: These tests confirmed the ability of SmartFSCV to accurately sense and make informed decisions about the presence of serotonin using AI.
{"title":"SmartFSCV: An Artificial Intelligence Enabled Miniaturised FSCV Device Targeting Serotonin","authors":"Dean M. Corva;Egan H. Doeven;Brenna Parke;Scott D. Adams;Susannah J. Tye;Parastoo Hashemi;Michael Berk;Abbas Z. Kouzani","doi":"10.1109/OJEMB.2024.3356177","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OJEMB.2024.3356177","url":null,"abstract":"<italic>Goal:</i>\u0000 Dynamically monitoring serotonin in real-time within target brain regions would significantly improve the diagnostic and therapeutic approaches to a variety of neurological and psychiatric disorders. Current systems for measuring serotonin lack immediacy and portability and are bulky and expensive. \u0000<italic>Methods:</i>\u0000 We present a new miniaturised device, named SmartFSCV, designed to monitor dynamic changes of serotonin using fast-scan cyclic voltammetry (FSCV). This device outputs a precision voltage potential between −3 to +3 V, and measures current between −1.5 to +1.5 μA with nano-ampere accuracy. The device can output modifiable arbitrary waveforms for various measurements and uses an N-shaped waveform at a scan-rate of 1000 V/s for sensing serotonin. \u0000<italic>Results:</i>\u0000 Four experiments were conducted to validate SmartFSCV: static bench test, dynamic serotonin test and two artificial intelligence (AI) algorithm tests. \u0000<italic>Conclusions:</i>\u0000 These tests confirmed the ability of SmartFSCV to accurately sense and make informed decisions about the presence of serotonin using AI.","PeriodicalId":33825,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Open Journal of Engineering in Medicine and Biology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2024-01-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10409530","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139937064","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Goal: Auto-injectors for self-administration of drugs are usually refrigerated. If not warmed up prior to the injection, ejection of the total drug volume is not guaranteed, as their spring and plunger mechanism cannot adjust for a change in viscosity of the drug. Here, we develop piezoelectric micro diaphragm pump that allows these modifications possible while investigating the effectiveness of this alternative dosing method. Methods: The dosing of highly viscous liquid of 25 mPa·s is made possible using application-specific micropump design. By comparing the analytical with experimental results, the practicality of the concept is verified. Results: Using a powerful piezoelectric stack actuator, the micropump achieves high fluid pressures of up to (368 ± 17) kPa. In order to assess the influence of viscosity, we characterize the fluidic performance of the designed micropump through 27G gauge needle for various water-glycerin mixtures. We find maximum flow rates of 2 mL/min for viscosities of up to 25 mPa·s. Conclusions: The developed micro diaphragm pump enables the development of smart auto-injectors with flow rate regulation to achieve drug delivery for high viscosity drugs through 27G needles.
{"title":"Microfluidic Delivery of High Viscosity Liquids Using Piezoelectric Micropumps for Subcutaneous Drug Infusion Applications","authors":"Nivedha Surendran;Claudia Patricia Durasiewicz;Thalia Hoffmann;Axel Wille;Agnes Beate Bussmann;Martin Richter","doi":"10.1109/OJEMB.2024.3355692","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OJEMB.2024.3355692","url":null,"abstract":"<italic>Goal:</i>\u0000 Auto-injectors for self-administration of drugs are usually refrigerated. If not warmed up prior to the injection, ejection of the total drug volume is not guaranteed, as their spring and plunger mechanism cannot adjust for a change in viscosity of the drug. Here, we develop piezoelectric micro diaphragm pump that allows these modifications possible while investigating the effectiveness of this alternative dosing method. \u0000<italic>Methods:</i>\u0000 The dosing of highly viscous liquid of 25 mPa·s is made possible using application-specific micropump design. By comparing the analytical with experimental results, the practicality of the concept is verified. \u0000<italic>Results:</i>\u0000 Using a powerful piezoelectric stack actuator, the micropump achieves high fluid pressures of up to (368 ± 17) kPa. In order to assess the influence of viscosity, we characterize the fluidic performance of the designed micropump through 27G gauge needle for various water-glycerin mixtures. We find maximum flow rates of 2 mL/min for viscosities of up to 25 mPa·s. \u0000<italic>Conclusions:</i>\u0000 The developed micro diaphragm pump enables the development of smart auto-injectors with flow rate regulation to achieve drug delivery for high viscosity drugs through 27G needles.","PeriodicalId":33825,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Open Journal of Engineering in Medicine and Biology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2024-01-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10403971","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139937084","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-17DOI: 10.1109/OJEMB.2024.3355301
Omid Yaghmazadeh
High-power microwave applications are growing for both military and civil purposes, yet they can induce brain-related risks and raise important public health concerns. High-power sub-millisecond radio frequency energy pulses have been demonstrated to be able to induce neurological and neuropathological changes in the brain while being compliant with current regulatory guidelines’ limits, highlighting the necessity of revising them.
{"title":"Pulsed High-Power Radio Frequency Energy Can Cause Non-Thermal Harmful Effects on the BRAIN","authors":"Omid Yaghmazadeh","doi":"10.1109/OJEMB.2024.3355301","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OJEMB.2024.3355301","url":null,"abstract":"High-power microwave applications are growing for both military and civil purposes, yet they can induce brain-related risks and raise important public health concerns. High-power sub-millisecond radio frequency energy pulses have been demonstrated to be able to induce neurological and neuropathological changes in the brain while being compliant with current regulatory guidelines’ limits, highlighting the necessity of revising them.","PeriodicalId":33825,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Open Journal of Engineering in Medicine and Biology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2024-01-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10402080","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139942785","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-17DOI: 10.1109/OJEMB.2024.3355286
Omar T. Abdoun;Mark Yim
Steerable needles are a novel technology that offers a wide range of uses in medical diagnostics and therapeutics. Currently, there exist several steerable needle designs in the literature, however, they are limited in their use by the number of possible turns, turn radius, and tissue damage. We introduce a novel design of a tape spring steerable needle, capable of multiple turns, that minimizes tissue damage. In this study, we measure the turning radius of our steerable needle in porcine liver tissue in vitro with ultrasound and estimate tissue damage in gel blocks using image analysis and 3D plaster casting. We were able to demonstrate our steerable needle's ability to steer through biological tissue, as well as introduce a novel method for estimating tissue damage. Our findings show that our needle design showed lower damage compared to similar designs in literature, as well as tissue stiffness being a protective factor against tissue damage.
{"title":"Assessing Tissue Damage Around a Tape Spring Steerable Needle With Sharp Turn Radii","authors":"Omar T. Abdoun;Mark Yim","doi":"10.1109/OJEMB.2024.3355286","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OJEMB.2024.3355286","url":null,"abstract":"Steerable needles are a novel technology that offers a wide range of uses in medical diagnostics and therapeutics. Currently, there exist several steerable needle designs in the literature, however, they are limited in their use by the number of possible turns, turn radius, and tissue damage. We introduce a novel design of a tape spring steerable needle, capable of multiple turns, that minimizes tissue damage. In this study, we measure the turning radius of our steerable needle in porcine liver tissue in vitro with ultrasound and estimate tissue damage in gel blocks using image analysis and 3D plaster casting. We were able to demonstrate our steerable needle's ability to steer through biological tissue, as well as introduce a novel method for estimating tissue damage. Our findings show that our needle design showed lower damage compared to similar designs in literature, as well as tissue stiffness being a protective factor against tissue damage.","PeriodicalId":33825,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Open Journal of Engineering in Medicine and Biology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2024-01-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10401958","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139937140","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-15DOI: 10.1109/OJEMB.2024.3354208
Ellen W. McGinnis;Bryn Loftness;Shania Lunna;Isabel Berman;Skylar Bagdon;Genevieve Lewis;Michael Arnold;Christopher M. Danforth;Peter S. Dodds;Matthew Price;William E. Copeland;Ryan S. McGinnis
Objective: Panic attacks are an impairing mental health problem that affects 11% of adults every year. Current criteria describe them as occurring without warning, despite evidence suggesting individuals can often identify attack triggers. We aimed to prospectively explore qualitative and quantitative factors associated with the onset of panic attacks. Results: Of 87 participants, 95% retrospectively identified a trigger for their panic attacks. Worse individually reported mood and state-level mood, as indicated by Twitter ratings, were related to greater likelihood of next-day panic attack. In a subsample of participants who uploaded their wearable sensor data (n = 32), louder ambient noise and higher resting heart rate were related to greater likelihood of next-day panic attack. Conclusions: These promising results suggest that individuals who experience panic attacks may be able to anticipate their next attack which could be used to inform future prevention and intervention efforts.
{"title":"Expecting the Unexpected: Predicting Panic Attacks From Mood, Twitter, and Apple Watch Data","authors":"Ellen W. McGinnis;Bryn Loftness;Shania Lunna;Isabel Berman;Skylar Bagdon;Genevieve Lewis;Michael Arnold;Christopher M. Danforth;Peter S. Dodds;Matthew Price;William E. Copeland;Ryan S. McGinnis","doi":"10.1109/OJEMB.2024.3354208","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OJEMB.2024.3354208","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: Panic attacks are an impairing mental health problem that affects 11% of adults every year. Current criteria describe them as occurring without warning, despite evidence suggesting individuals can often identify attack triggers. We aimed to prospectively explore qualitative and quantitative factors associated with the onset of panic attacks. Results: Of 87 participants, 95% retrospectively identified a trigger for their panic attacks. Worse individually reported mood and state-level mood, as indicated by Twitter ratings, were related to greater likelihood of \u0000<italic>next-day</i>\u0000 panic attack. In a subsample of participants who uploaded their wearable sensor data (n = 32), louder ambient noise and higher resting heart rate were related to greater likelihood of \u0000<italic>next-day</i>\u0000 panic attack. Conclusions: These promising results suggest that individuals who experience panic attacks may be able to anticipate their next attack which could be used to inform future prevention and intervention efforts.","PeriodicalId":33825,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Open Journal of Engineering in Medicine and Biology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2024-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10399901","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139937192","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Goal: Microbubbles (MBs) are known to occur within the circuits of cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) systems, and higher-order dysfunction after cardiac surgery may be caused by MBs as well as atheroma dispersal associated with cannula insertion. As complete MB elimination is not possible, monitoring MB count rates is critical. We propose an online detection system with a neural network-based model to estimate MB count rate using five parameters: suction flow rate, venous reservoir level, perfusion flow rate, hematocrit level, and blood temperature. Methods: Perfusion experiments were performed using an actual CPB circuit, and MB count rates were measured using the five varying parameters. Results: Bland–Altman analysis indicated a high estimation accuracy ( R2 > 0.95, p < 0.001) with no significant systematic error. In clinical practice, although the inclusion of clinical procedures slightly decreased the estimation accuracy, a high coefficient of determination for 30 clinical cases ( R2 = 0.8576) was achieved between measured and estimated MB count rates. Conclusions: Our results highlight the potential of this system to improve patient outcomes and reduce MB-associated complication risk.
{"title":"The Number of Microbubbles Generated During Cardiopulmonary Bypass Can Be Estimated Using Machine Learning From Suction Flow Rate, Venous Reservoir Level, Perfusion Flow Rate, Hematocrit Level, and Blood Temperature","authors":"Satoshi Miyamoto;Zu Soh;Shigeyuki Okahara;Akira Furui;Taiichi Takasaki;Keijiro Katayama;Shinya Takahashi;Toshio Tsuji","doi":"10.1109/OJEMB.2024.3350922","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OJEMB.2024.3350922","url":null,"abstract":"Goal: Microbubbles (MBs) are known to occur within the circuits of cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) systems, and higher-order dysfunction after cardiac surgery may be caused by MBs as well as atheroma dispersal associated with cannula insertion. As complete MB elimination is not possible, monitoring MB count rates is critical. We propose an online detection system with a neural network-based model to estimate MB count rate using five parameters: suction flow rate, venous reservoir level, perfusion flow rate, hematocrit level, and blood temperature. Methods: Perfusion experiments were performed using an actual CPB circuit, and MB count rates were measured using the five varying parameters. Results: Bland–Altman analysis indicated a high estimation accuracy (\u0000<italic>R<sup>2</sup></i>\u0000 > 0.95, \u0000<italic>p</i>\u0000 < 0.001) with no significant systematic error. In clinical practice, although the inclusion of clinical procedures slightly decreased the estimation accuracy, a high coefficient of determination for 30 clinical cases (\u0000<italic>R<sup>2</sup></i>\u0000 = 0.8576) was achieved between measured and estimated MB count rates. Conclusions: Our results highlight the potential of this system to improve patient outcomes and reduce MB-associated complication risk.","PeriodicalId":33825,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Open Journal of Engineering in Medicine and Biology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2024-01-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10382573","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139937107","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-27DOI: 10.1109/OJEMB.2023.3345733
Frankangel Servin;Jarrod A. Collins;Jon S. Heiselman;Katherine C. Frederick-Dyer;Virginia B. Planz;Sunil K. Geevarghese;Daniel B. Brown;William R. Jarnagin;Michael I. Miga
Emerging computational tools such as healthcare digital twin modeling are enabling the creation of patient-specific surgical planning, including microwave ablation to treat primary and secondary liver cancers. Healthcare digital twins (DTs) are anatomically one-to-one biophysical models constructed from structural, functional, and biomarker-based imaging data to simulate patient-specific therapies and guide clinical decision-making. In microwave ablation (MWA), tissue-specific factors including tissue perfusion, hepatic steatosis, and fibrosis affect therapeutic extent, but current thermal dosing guidelines do not account for these parameters. This study establishes an MR imaging framework to construct three-dimensional biophysical digital twins to predict ablation delivery in livers with 5 levels of fat content in the presence of a tumor. Four microwave antenna placement strategies were considered, and simulated microwave ablations were then performed using 915 MHz and 2450 MHz antennae in Tumor Naïve DTs (control), and Tumor Informed DTs at five grades of steatosis. Across the range of fatty liver steatosis grades, fat content was found to significantly increase ablation volumes by approximately 29–l42% in the Tumor Naïve and 55–60% in the Tumor Informed DTs in 915 MHz and 2450 MHz antenna simulations. The presence of tumor did not significantly affect ablation volumes within the same steatosis grade in 915 MHz simulations, but did significantly increase ablation volumes within mild-, moderate-, and high-fat steatosis grades in 2450 MHz simulations. An analysis of signed distance to agreement for placement strategies suggests that accounting for patient-specific tumor tissue properties significantly impacts ablation forecasting for the preoperative evaluation of ablation zone coverage.
{"title":"Simulation of Image-Guided Microwave Ablation Therapy Using a Digital Twin Computational Model","authors":"Frankangel Servin;Jarrod A. Collins;Jon S. Heiselman;Katherine C. Frederick-Dyer;Virginia B. Planz;Sunil K. Geevarghese;Daniel B. Brown;William R. Jarnagin;Michael I. Miga","doi":"10.1109/OJEMB.2023.3345733","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OJEMB.2023.3345733","url":null,"abstract":"Emerging computational tools such as healthcare digital twin modeling are enabling the creation of patient-specific surgical planning, including microwave ablation to treat primary and secondary liver cancers. Healthcare digital twins (DTs) are anatomically one-to-one biophysical models constructed from structural, functional, and biomarker-based imaging data to simulate patient-specific therapies and guide clinical decision-making. In microwave ablation (MWA), tissue-specific factors including tissue perfusion, hepatic steatosis, and fibrosis affect therapeutic extent, but current thermal dosing guidelines do not account for these parameters. This study establishes an MR imaging framework to construct three-dimensional biophysical digital twins to predict ablation delivery in livers with 5 levels of fat content in the presence of a tumor. Four microwave antenna placement strategies were considered, and simulated microwave ablations were then performed using 915 MHz and 2450 MHz antennae in \u0000<italic>Tumor Naïve DTs</i>\u0000 (control), and \u0000<italic>Tumor Informed DTs</i>\u0000 at five grades of steatosis. Across the range of fatty liver steatosis grades, fat content was found to significantly increase ablation volumes by approximately 29–l42% in the Tumor Naïve and 55–60% in the \u0000<italic>Tumor Informed DTs</i>\u0000 in 915 MHz and 2450 MHz antenna simulations. The presence of tumor did not significantly affect ablation volumes within the same steatosis grade in 915 MHz simulations, but did significantly increase ablation volumes within mild-, moderate-, and high-fat steatosis grades in 2450 MHz simulations. An analysis of signed distance to agreement for placement strategies suggests that accounting for patient-specific tumor tissue properties significantly impacts ablation forecasting for the preoperative evaluation of ablation zone coverage.","PeriodicalId":33825,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Open Journal of Engineering in Medicine and Biology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2023-12-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10375319","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139937193","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
High-density multielectrode catheters are becoming increasingly popular in cardiac electrophysiology for advanced characterisation of the cardiac tissue, due to their potential to identify impaired sites. These are often characterised by abnormal electrical conduction, which may cause locally disorganised propagation wavefronts. To quantify it, a novel heterogeneity parameter based on vector field analysis is proposed, utilising finite differences to measure direction changes between adjacent cliques. The proposed Vector Field Heterogeneity metric has been evaluated on a set of simulations with controlled levels of organisation in vector maps, and a variety of grid sizes. Furthermore, it has been tested on animal experimental models of isolated Langendorff-perfused rabbit hearts. The proposed parameter exhibited superior capturing ability of heterogeneous propagation wavefronts compared to the classical Spatial Inhomogeneity Index, and simulations proved that the metric effectively captures gradual increments in disorganisation in propagation patterns. Notably, it yielded robust and consistent outcomes for $mathbf {4times 4}$ grid sizes, underscoring its suitability for the latest generation of orientation-independent cardiac catheters.
{"title":"Vector Field Heterogeneity for the Assessment of Locally Disorganised Cardiac Electrical Propagation Wavefronts From High-Density Multielectrodes","authors":"Lucía Pancorbo;Samuel Ruipérez-Campillo;Álvaro Tormos;Antonio Guill;Raquel Cervigón;Antonio Alberola;Francisco Javier Chorro;José Millet;Francisco Castells","doi":"10.1109/OJEMB.2023.3344349","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OJEMB.2023.3344349","url":null,"abstract":"High-density multielectrode catheters are becoming increasingly popular in cardiac electrophysiology for advanced characterisation of the cardiac tissue, due to their potential to identify impaired sites. These are often characterised by abnormal electrical conduction, which may cause locally disorganised propagation wavefronts. To quantify it, a novel heterogeneity parameter based on vector field analysis is proposed, utilising finite differences to measure direction changes between adjacent cliques. The proposed Vector Field Heterogeneity metric has been evaluated on a set of simulations with controlled levels of organisation in vector maps, and a variety of grid sizes. Furthermore, it has been tested on animal experimental models of isolated Langendorff-perfused rabbit hearts. The proposed parameter exhibited superior capturing ability of heterogeneous propagation wavefronts compared to the classical Spatial Inhomogeneity Index, and simulations proved that the metric effectively captures gradual increments in disorganisation in propagation patterns. Notably, it yielded robust and consistent outcomes for \u0000<inline-formula><tex-math>$mathbf {4times 4}$</tex-math></inline-formula>\u0000 grid sizes, underscoring its suitability for the latest generation of orientation-independent cardiac catheters.","PeriodicalId":33825,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Open Journal of Engineering in Medicine and Biology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2023-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10367768","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139937191","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Goal: To evaluate suitability of respiratory signals derived from clinical 12-lead electrocardiograms (ECGs) and wearable 1-lead ECG to identify different respiration types. Methods: ECGs were simultaneously acquired through the M12R ECG Holter by Global Instrumentation and the chest strap BioHarness 3.0 by Zephyr from 42 healthy subjects alternating normal breathing, breath holding, and deep breathing. Respiration signals were derived from the ECGs through the Segmented-Beat Modulation Method (SBMM)-based algorithm and the algorithms by Van Gent, Charlton, Soni and Sarkar, and characterized in terms of breathing rate and amplitude. Respiration classification was performed through a linear support vector machine and evaluated by F1 score. Results: Best F1 scores were 86.59%(lead V2) and 80.57%, when considering 12-lead and 1-lead ECGs, respectively, and using SBMM-based algorithm. Conclusion: ECG-derived respiratory signals allow reliable identification of different respiration types even when acquired through wearable sensors, if associated to appropriate processing algorithms, such as the SBMM-based algorithm.
目标：评估从临床 12 导联心电图（ECG）和可穿戴 1 导联心电图中提取的呼吸信号是否适合用于识别不同的呼吸类型。方法通过 Global Instrumentation 公司的 M12R 心电图 Holter 和 Zephyr 公司的胸带 BioHarness 3.0 同时采集 42 名健康受试者的心电图，受试者交替进行正常呼吸、屏气和深呼吸。呼吸信号通过基于分段节拍调制法（SBMM）的算法和 Van Gent、Charlton、Soni 和 Sarkar 的算法从心电图中提取，并以呼吸频率和振幅为特征。呼吸分类通过线性支持向量机进行，并以 F1 分数进行评估。结果考虑到 12 导联和 1 导联心电图，并使用基于 SBMM 的算法，最佳 F1 分数分别为 86.59%（V2 导联）和 80.57%。结论如果采用适当的处理算法，如基于 SBMM 的算法，即使是通过可穿戴传感器获取的心电图呼吸信号，也能可靠地识别不同的呼吸类型。
{"title":"Identification of Respiration Types Through Respiratory Signal Derived From Clinical and Wearable Electrocardiograms","authors":"Agnese Sbrollini;Micaela Morettini;Ennio Gambi;Laura Burattini","doi":"10.1109/OJEMB.2023.3343557","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OJEMB.2023.3343557","url":null,"abstract":"Goal: To evaluate suitability of respiratory signals derived from clinical 12-lead electrocardiograms (ECGs) and wearable 1-lead ECG to identify different respiration types. Methods: ECGs were simultaneously acquired through the M12R ECG Holter by Global Instrumentation and the chest strap BioHarness 3.0 by Zephyr from 42 healthy subjects alternating normal breathing, breath holding, and deep breathing. Respiration signals were derived from the ECGs through the Segmented-Beat Modulation Method (SBMM)-based algorithm and the algorithms by Van Gent, Charlton, Soni and Sarkar, and characterized in terms of breathing rate and amplitude. Respiration classification was performed through a linear support vector machine and evaluated by F1 score. Results: Best F1 scores were 86.59%(lead V2) and 80.57%, when considering 12-lead and 1-lead ECGs, respectively, and using SBMM-based algorithm. Conclusion: ECG-derived respiratory signals allow reliable identification of different respiration types even when acquired through wearable sensors, if associated to appropriate processing algorithms, such as the SBMM-based algorithm.","PeriodicalId":33825,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Open Journal of Engineering in Medicine and Biology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2023-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10361548","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139061275","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-14DOI: 10.1109/OJEMB.2023.3343083
Mohamed A. Bahloul;Yasser Aboelkassem;Zehor Belkhatir;Taous-Meriem Laleg-Kirati
Goal: The goal of this study is to investigate the application of fractional-order calculus in modeling arterial compliance in human vascular aging. Methods: A novel fractional-order modified arterial Windkessel model that incorporates a fractional-order capacitor (FOC) element is proposed to capture the complex and frequency-dependent properties of arterial compliance. The model's performance is evaluated by verifying it using data collected from three different human subjects, with a specific focus on aortic pressure and flow rates. Results: The results show that the FOC model accurately captures the dynamics of arterial compliance, providing a flexible means to estimate central blood pressure distribution and arterial stiffness. Conclusions: This study demonstrates the potential of fractional-order calculus in advancing the modeling and characterization of arterial compliance in human vascular aging. The proposed FOC model can improve our understanding of the physiological changes in arterial compliance associated with aging and help to identify potential interventions for age-related cardiovascular diseases.
{"title":"Fractional-Order Modeling of Arterial Compliance in Vascular Aging: A Computational Biomechanical Approach for Investigating Cardiovascular Dynamics","authors":"Mohamed A. Bahloul;Yasser Aboelkassem;Zehor Belkhatir;Taous-Meriem Laleg-Kirati","doi":"10.1109/OJEMB.2023.3343083","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OJEMB.2023.3343083","url":null,"abstract":"<italic>Goal:</i>\u0000 The goal of this study is to investigate the application of fractional-order calculus in modeling arterial compliance in human vascular aging. \u0000<italic>Methods:</i>\u0000 A novel fractional-order modified arterial Windkessel model that incorporates a fractional-order capacitor (FOC) element is proposed to capture the complex and frequency-dependent properties of arterial compliance. The model's performance is evaluated by verifying it using data collected from three different human subjects, with a specific focus on aortic pressure and flow rates. \u0000<italic>Results:</i>\u0000 The results show that the FOC model accurately captures the dynamics of arterial compliance, providing a flexible means to estimate central blood pressure distribution and arterial stiffness. \u0000<italic>Conclusions:</i>\u0000 This study demonstrates the potential of fractional-order calculus in advancing the modeling and characterization of arterial compliance in human vascular aging. The proposed FOC model can improve our understanding of the physiological changes in arterial compliance associated with aging and help to identify potential interventions for age-related cardiovascular diseases.","PeriodicalId":33825,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Open Journal of Engineering in Medicine and Biology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2023-12-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10360232","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141991502","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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