Purpose: Caries prevention using fissure sealants is directly proportional to their retention. This in vivo study evaluated the effect of preconditioning on retention of glass ionomer (GI) fissure sealant, in maxillary and mandibular primary and permanent teeth. Subjects and Methods: Two hundred and forty teeth in 30 children of 6-8 years age range were involved. In all participants, the second primary and the first permanent molars in each quadrant were investigated following split-mouth design; so that, selected teeth in the right side had their pits and fissures conditioned before GI sealant application (Group A: n = 120 teeth). In the left side, however, the same sealant was applied without preconditioning (Group B: n = 120). According to Simonsen's sealant retention criteria, clinical assessment was performed at 3, 6, and 9 months. Data were gained then statistically analyzed using Chi-square test. Results: A significant difference (P ≤ 0.05) was evident between both groups at the three assessment intervals, with better sealant retention in preconditioned group. Although no significant difference appeared between primary and permanent teeth, maxillary teeth were significantly better in sealant retention than mandibular ones. Conclusions: Preconditioning enhanced GI sealant retention, more durable caries prevention can be thus provided easily with low cost.
{"title":"Effect of preconditioning on retention of glass ionomer pit and fissure sealant: An in vivo 9-month study","authors":"S. Zaghloul, S. El-sayed, E. Mohamed","doi":"10.4103/jnsm.jnsm_20_21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jnsm.jnsm_20_21","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: Caries prevention using fissure sealants is directly proportional to their retention. This in vivo study evaluated the effect of preconditioning on retention of glass ionomer (GI) fissure sealant, in maxillary and mandibular primary and permanent teeth. Subjects and Methods: Two hundred and forty teeth in 30 children of 6-8 years age range were involved. In all participants, the second primary and the first permanent molars in each quadrant were investigated following split-mouth design; so that, selected teeth in the right side had their pits and fissures conditioned before GI sealant application (Group A: n = 120 teeth). In the left side, however, the same sealant was applied without preconditioning (Group B: n = 120). According to Simonsen's sealant retention criteria, clinical assessment was performed at 3, 6, and 9 months. Data were gained then statistically analyzed using Chi-square test. Results: A significant difference (P ≤ 0.05) was evident between both groups at the three assessment intervals, with better sealant retention in preconditioned group. Although no significant difference appeared between primary and permanent teeth, maxillary teeth were significantly better in sealant retention than mandibular ones. Conclusions: Preconditioning enhanced GI sealant retention, more durable caries prevention can be thus provided easily with low cost.","PeriodicalId":33866,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nature and Science of Medicine","volume":"4 1","pages":"343 - 347"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42943359","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
C. Ndukwe, M. Chiemeka, U. Eziagu, Chinwe Ndukwe, J. Uzoigwe
Background: Only a few clinicopathological epidemiological studies detailing histopathologically diagnosed skin diseases have been carried out in Nigeria. Thus, the aim of this study was to retrospectively survey the histopathological spectrum and clinicopathological concordance of histopathologically diagnosed skin diseases in Nigeria over a 16-year period. Materials and Methods: This study involved the assessment of all skin biopsy specimens received at the Department of Histopathology, Nnamdi Azikiwe University Teaching Hospital, Nnewi, Nigeria, from January 2004 to December 2019. Histopathological diagnoses based on these skin biopsies were made by consultant anatomical pathologists using routine hematoxylin and eosin-stained slides. All relevant demographic data and provisional clinical diagnoses were obtained from the histopathology laboratory requisition forms provided with the specimens. The skin lesions were then classified according to the International Classification of Diseases, Tenth revision (2019). Results: A total of 347 skin lesion biopsy specimens were included in this study. Most of the patients were aged 20–39 years old, with a mean age of 34.2 years. One hundred and forty-eight (42.7%) of the patients were males, whereas 199 (57.3%) were females. The most common 1CD-10 categories were disorders of skin appendages (105/347 [30.3%] cases) and papulo squamous disorders (81/347 [23.3%] cases), whereas the least common category was radiation-related disorders of the skin (2/347 [0.6%] cases). The most common disorder of the skin appendage was epidermal inclusion cyst (71/105 [71.4%] cases). Lichen planus was the most common papulosquamous disorder observed (26/81 [32.1%] cases). Only 202 cases included records of the biopsy site. The lower extremities were the most common sites of involvement (48/202 [23.8%] cases). The clinical diagnosis was concordant with the histopathological diagnosis in 55.3% of the cases, whereas it was discordant in the remaining cases. Conclusion: The most common skin diseases observed in this study were disorders of skin appendages and papulosquamous lesions. Our study provides baseline data for future population-targeted studies of nonneoplastic skin diseases.
{"title":"Histopathological spectrum and clinicopathological concordance of nonneoplastic skin lesions at a teaching hospital in South-Eastern Nigeria: A 16-year retrospective study","authors":"C. Ndukwe, M. Chiemeka, U. Eziagu, Chinwe Ndukwe, J. Uzoigwe","doi":"10.4103/jnsm.jnsm_6_21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jnsm.jnsm_6_21","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Only a few clinicopathological epidemiological studies detailing histopathologically diagnosed skin diseases have been carried out in Nigeria. Thus, the aim of this study was to retrospectively survey the histopathological spectrum and clinicopathological concordance of histopathologically diagnosed skin diseases in Nigeria over a 16-year period. Materials and Methods: This study involved the assessment of all skin biopsy specimens received at the Department of Histopathology, Nnamdi Azikiwe University Teaching Hospital, Nnewi, Nigeria, from January 2004 to December 2019. Histopathological diagnoses based on these skin biopsies were made by consultant anatomical pathologists using routine hematoxylin and eosin-stained slides. All relevant demographic data and provisional clinical diagnoses were obtained from the histopathology laboratory requisition forms provided with the specimens. The skin lesions were then classified according to the International Classification of Diseases, Tenth revision (2019). Results: A total of 347 skin lesion biopsy specimens were included in this study. Most of the patients were aged 20–39 years old, with a mean age of 34.2 years. One hundred and forty-eight (42.7%) of the patients were males, whereas 199 (57.3%) were females. The most common 1CD-10 categories were disorders of skin appendages (105/347 [30.3%] cases) and papulo squamous disorders (81/347 [23.3%] cases), whereas the least common category was radiation-related disorders of the skin (2/347 [0.6%] cases). The most common disorder of the skin appendage was epidermal inclusion cyst (71/105 [71.4%] cases). Lichen planus was the most common papulosquamous disorder observed (26/81 [32.1%] cases). Only 202 cases included records of the biopsy site. The lower extremities were the most common sites of involvement (48/202 [23.8%] cases). The clinical diagnosis was concordant with the histopathological diagnosis in 55.3% of the cases, whereas it was discordant in the remaining cases. Conclusion: The most common skin diseases observed in this study were disorders of skin appendages and papulosquamous lesions. Our study provides baseline data for future population-targeted studies of nonneoplastic skin diseases.","PeriodicalId":33866,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nature and Science of Medicine","volume":"4 1","pages":"373 - 378"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45639189","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Objectives: The objectives of the study are to evaluate the medical students' knowledge, awareness, and attitude of genetics and genetic testing in general and premarital screening (PMS) in particular. Materials and Methods: An online predesigned, validated, and self-administered questionnaire was dispensed to all medical students of our university. This included questions regarding sociodemographic data, genetics, genetic testing, and PMS. Results: A total of 302 students responded to the survey with a mean age of 21.68 ± 2.32 (standard deviation) of which 38.7% were males and 61.3% were females. 51 (16.9%) students were from Phase I, 124 (41.1%) from Phase II, 127 (42.1%) from Phase III of College of Medicine KSAU-HS, Jeddah Campus. 224 (74.2%) of the participants had no direct relationship between the parents and 23 (7.6%) had personal history of hereditary disease. About 86.1% of students knew that genetic counseling is available in the Kingdom and 83.4% were familiar with PMS. Majority of students (female = 83.2%; male = 84.6%) did perceive that consanguinity can increase the chance of hereditary diseases. Overwhelming majority (female = 94.1%; male = 85.4%) agreed to make PMS obligatory before marriage, 87.4% of which were Phase III students. However, only a minority of students disagreed with marriage to be allowed even if the result of PMS came incompatible and most agreed to carrying out PMS which contrasts what others have reported. Conclusions: Majority of students had a positive attitude toward PMS, much higher than previously reported, thereby reflecting upon the importance of medical education as a lynchpin between the knowledge and practice.
{"title":"Knowledge, awareness, and attitude of medical students concerning genetics and premarital screening","authors":"S. Aga, Yara Alghamdi, A. Alghamdi, Muhammad Khan","doi":"10.4103/jnsm.jnsm_47_21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jnsm.jnsm_47_21","url":null,"abstract":"Objectives: The objectives of the study are to evaluate the medical students' knowledge, awareness, and attitude of genetics and genetic testing in general and premarital screening (PMS) in particular. Materials and Methods: An online predesigned, validated, and self-administered questionnaire was dispensed to all medical students of our university. This included questions regarding sociodemographic data, genetics, genetic testing, and PMS. Results: A total of 302 students responded to the survey with a mean age of 21.68 ± 2.32 (standard deviation) of which 38.7% were males and 61.3% were females. 51 (16.9%) students were from Phase I, 124 (41.1%) from Phase II, 127 (42.1%) from Phase III of College of Medicine KSAU-HS, Jeddah Campus. 224 (74.2%) of the participants had no direct relationship between the parents and 23 (7.6%) had personal history of hereditary disease. About 86.1% of students knew that genetic counseling is available in the Kingdom and 83.4% were familiar with PMS. Majority of students (female = 83.2%; male = 84.6%) did perceive that consanguinity can increase the chance of hereditary diseases. Overwhelming majority (female = 94.1%; male = 85.4%) agreed to make PMS obligatory before marriage, 87.4% of which were Phase III students. However, only a minority of students disagreed with marriage to be allowed even if the result of PMS came incompatible and most agreed to carrying out PMS which contrasts what others have reported. Conclusions: Majority of students had a positive attitude toward PMS, much higher than previously reported, thereby reflecting upon the importance of medical education as a lynchpin between the knowledge and practice.","PeriodicalId":33866,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nature and Science of Medicine","volume":"4 1","pages":"356 - 365"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47428708","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Improving public health and national transformation in Saudi Arabia: Leveraging with one health entomology","authors":"S. Fagbo, Mohammad Solaiman Al-Sabi","doi":"10.4103/jnsm.jnsm_69_21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jnsm.jnsm_69_21","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":33866,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nature and Science of Medicine","volume":"4 1","pages":"315 - 316"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49264558","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-10-01DOI: 10.4103/jnsm.jnsm_170_20
Abdulaziz A. Alodhayani, Abdulelah Alhussain, Fahad Alshughaithry, Saad Aloqile, Saad Alowaimer, Khaled Showail, S. Basalem
Background: Smoking is one of the leading risk factors that raised mortalities and morbidities significantly. Smoking cessations programs were implemented to reduce the number of smokers. Many factors may influence the smoking cessation including factors related to the treating physician. Objective: To determine smokers' perception and attitude towards smoking cessation when knowing the physician is a smoker. Methods: This was an observational cross-sectional survey study that has been conducted among smokers' patients at King Khalid University Hospital in Riyadh, the estimated sample size was 200 participants. Results: The participants who saw a smoking physician were 90% and 8.8% of them were supported by physicians to quit smoking. The remaining 10% participants reported that they did not see a smoking physician and 15.8% of them were supported by physicians to quit smoking. There was significant correlation between attitude toward smoking cessation and the smoking status and the highest score was found among current smokers and lowest score among ex-smokers (P-value= 0.012). Moreover, the score was highest among those who have history of failed attempt to quit smoking. Lastly, there was no statistically significant difference in scores based on perception and attitude towards smoking cessations when knowing the physician is a smoker. Conclusion: The present study assessed the level of perception and attitude among smokers and the results suggest a different impact of smoker physicians and compared it according to characteristics of smoking. Also, this study showed variations in the behaviors of smoking and cessation, smoking-related barriers that prevent patients from stopping smoking based on physician smoking status.
{"title":"Smokers' perception, attitudes towards smoking cessation when visiting a smoker physician","authors":"Abdulaziz A. Alodhayani, Abdulelah Alhussain, Fahad Alshughaithry, Saad Aloqile, Saad Alowaimer, Khaled Showail, S. Basalem","doi":"10.4103/jnsm.jnsm_170_20","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jnsm.jnsm_170_20","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Smoking is one of the leading risk factors that raised mortalities and morbidities significantly. Smoking cessations programs were implemented to reduce the number of smokers. Many factors may influence the smoking cessation including factors related to the treating physician. Objective: To determine smokers' perception and attitude towards smoking cessation when knowing the physician is a smoker. Methods: This was an observational cross-sectional survey study that has been conducted among smokers' patients at King Khalid University Hospital in Riyadh, the estimated sample size was 200 participants. Results: The participants who saw a smoking physician were 90% and 8.8% of them were supported by physicians to quit smoking. The remaining 10% participants reported that they did not see a smoking physician and 15.8% of them were supported by physicians to quit smoking. There was significant correlation between attitude toward smoking cessation and the smoking status and the highest score was found among current smokers and lowest score among ex-smokers (P-value= 0.012). Moreover, the score was highest among those who have history of failed attempt to quit smoking. Lastly, there was no statistically significant difference in scores based on perception and attitude towards smoking cessations when knowing the physician is a smoker. Conclusion: The present study assessed the level of perception and attitude among smokers and the results suggest a different impact of smoker physicians and compared it according to characteristics of smoking. Also, this study showed variations in the behaviors of smoking and cessation, smoking-related barriers that prevent patients from stopping smoking based on physician smoking status.","PeriodicalId":33866,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nature and Science of Medicine","volume":"4 1","pages":"366 - 372"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44038495","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-10-01DOI: 10.4103/jnsm.jnsm_175_20
M. Soliman, Maha AlGhamdi, A. Shadid, F. Alsaif, Lamia Alkuwaiz, Maisa Alaql, Mohammad Khdary, Ali Basfar, F. Alsohime, S. Aldhahri, Khalid Neel
Background: The coronavirus disease of 2019 (COVID-19) has challenged and disrupted medical education worldwide. Objective structured clinical examination (OSCE) is one of the types of assessment for undergraduate medical students that has been conducted for first-year medical students in the College of Medicine. Peer student training on participating in OSCE has been conducted prior to the pandemic. The aim of this study was to assess medical students' perception of online virtual peer student video training on participating in the OSCE. Methods: Medical student's council team prepared a video demonstration on the steps of participating in OSCE. In October 2020, the video was provided online for first-year medical students (n = 302) prior to their OSCE. After the completion of the OSCE exam, a 10 – item questionnaire was distributed on the students' perception on the impact of the peer student video demonstration on students' orientation about the OSCE. The questionnaire was sent by Google Forms. The results were expressed as a percentage on a Likert scale. Results: About 74.17% (n = 224) of students responded to the online questionnaire. More than half of the students (n = 126, 56%) found the steps of conduction of the OSCE well explained, provided the sufficient orientation (n = 121, 54%), and found the video stimulating (n = 122, 54%). In addition, the majority of students (n = 160, 71%) learned and understood the steps of the OSCE and 152 students (68%) found that the video helped introducing them to the concept of OSCE. Almost half the students found that the video helped lowering the stress level before the OSCE (n = 91, 41%), eased the steps of the OSCE (n = 113, 50%), and found that the materials were well prepared and explained (n = 126, 56%). Conclusions: The virtual video demonstration of the OSCE during the COVID-19 pandemic had an overall positive perception from first-year medical students. However, peer student's orientation on the OSCE will continue after the pandemic. Further supports for first-year medical students are needed during the pandemic.
{"title":"Perception of first-year medical students of virtual video demonstration of the objective structured clinical examination at king saud university medical college in Saudi Arabia during the COVID-19 pandemic","authors":"M. Soliman, Maha AlGhamdi, A. Shadid, F. Alsaif, Lamia Alkuwaiz, Maisa Alaql, Mohammad Khdary, Ali Basfar, F. Alsohime, S. Aldhahri, Khalid Neel","doi":"10.4103/jnsm.jnsm_175_20","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jnsm.jnsm_175_20","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The coronavirus disease of 2019 (COVID-19) has challenged and disrupted medical education worldwide. Objective structured clinical examination (OSCE) is one of the types of assessment for undergraduate medical students that has been conducted for first-year medical students in the College of Medicine. Peer student training on participating in OSCE has been conducted prior to the pandemic. The aim of this study was to assess medical students' perception of online virtual peer student video training on participating in the OSCE. Methods: Medical student's council team prepared a video demonstration on the steps of participating in OSCE. In October 2020, the video was provided online for first-year medical students (n = 302) prior to their OSCE. After the completion of the OSCE exam, a 10 – item questionnaire was distributed on the students' perception on the impact of the peer student video demonstration on students' orientation about the OSCE. The questionnaire was sent by Google Forms. The results were expressed as a percentage on a Likert scale. Results: About 74.17% (n = 224) of students responded to the online questionnaire. More than half of the students (n = 126, 56%) found the steps of conduction of the OSCE well explained, provided the sufficient orientation (n = 121, 54%), and found the video stimulating (n = 122, 54%). In addition, the majority of students (n = 160, 71%) learned and understood the steps of the OSCE and 152 students (68%) found that the video helped introducing them to the concept of OSCE. Almost half the students found that the video helped lowering the stress level before the OSCE (n = 91, 41%), eased the steps of the OSCE (n = 113, 50%), and found that the materials were well prepared and explained (n = 126, 56%). Conclusions: The virtual video demonstration of the OSCE during the COVID-19 pandemic had an overall positive perception from first-year medical students. However, peer student's orientation on the OSCE will continue after the pandemic. Further supports for first-year medical students are needed during the pandemic.","PeriodicalId":33866,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nature and Science of Medicine","volume":"4 1","pages":"333 - 336"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48161446","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-10-01DOI: 10.4103/jnsm.jnsm_173_20
Khalifa Binkhamis, Abdulelah H Alsaeed, Sultan N. Alfehaid, Rakan Almetary, A. Alshahrani, Abdulrahman H Alduhayyim, Waleed Alanazi
Objectives: The objective of this study is to determine the possible associations between acute otitis media (AOM) and shisha smoking, cigarette smoking, and vaping in adults. Materials and Methods: The study was carried out from August 2019 to April 2020 using a case-control design. The sample consisted of 144 male participants from King Saud University Medical City aged 18–55 years, of whom 72 were cases, i. e., diagnosed by a physician with AOM, and 72 were controls, i.e. diagnosed with a physical injury with no history of AOM. The participants were interviewed over the phone based on a validated questionnaire by the WHO and were evaluated for shisha smoking, cigarettes smoking, and vaping status. Results: Of the 144 patients originally contacted, 136 (67 cases and 69 controls) were included in the analysis. The total number of participants who smoked any type of tobacco was 51 (37.5%). Among the 51 general smokers, 54.9% had a history of AOM with odds ratio of 1.436 (confidence interval [CI] 0.715–2.884, P = 0.308). Among shisha smokers, 70% developed AOM with odds ratio of 2.774 (CI 0.996–7.721, P = 0.045). Among cigarette smokers, 53.6% had a history of AOM with odds ratio of 1.287 (CI 0.617–2.681, P = 0.501). The number of vape users was too low to produce any significant results. Conclusion: The study found a significant association between shisha smoking and AOM among adult men in Riyadh. This finding correlates with what previous studies found about the dangers of tobacco consumption.
{"title":"Association of shisha smoking with acute otitis media in men: A case-control study","authors":"Khalifa Binkhamis, Abdulelah H Alsaeed, Sultan N. Alfehaid, Rakan Almetary, A. Alshahrani, Abdulrahman H Alduhayyim, Waleed Alanazi","doi":"10.4103/jnsm.jnsm_173_20","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jnsm.jnsm_173_20","url":null,"abstract":"Objectives: The objective of this study is to determine the possible associations between acute otitis media (AOM) and shisha smoking, cigarette smoking, and vaping in adults. Materials and Methods: The study was carried out from August 2019 to April 2020 using a case-control design. The sample consisted of 144 male participants from King Saud University Medical City aged 18–55 years, of whom 72 were cases, i. e., diagnosed by a physician with AOM, and 72 were controls, i.e. diagnosed with a physical injury with no history of AOM. The participants were interviewed over the phone based on a validated questionnaire by the WHO and were evaluated for shisha smoking, cigarettes smoking, and vaping status. Results: Of the 144 patients originally contacted, 136 (67 cases and 69 controls) were included in the analysis. The total number of participants who smoked any type of tobacco was 51 (37.5%). Among the 51 general smokers, 54.9% had a history of AOM with odds ratio of 1.436 (confidence interval [CI] 0.715–2.884, P = 0.308). Among shisha smokers, 70% developed AOM with odds ratio of 2.774 (CI 0.996–7.721, P = 0.045). Among cigarette smokers, 53.6% had a history of AOM with odds ratio of 1.287 (CI 0.617–2.681, P = 0.501). The number of vape users was too low to produce any significant results. Conclusion: The study found a significant association between shisha smoking and AOM among adult men in Riyadh. This finding correlates with what previous studies found about the dangers of tobacco consumption.","PeriodicalId":33866,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nature and Science of Medicine","volume":"4 1","pages":"352 - 355"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41429155","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Barry, Bader Zawawi, Moath AlGhusoon, A. Alarifi, S. Alhothaly, Omar A Fatani
Objective: The objective of the study is to identify associations between the sociodemographic characteristics and the level of knowledge, scope of attitudes, and self-reported practices among adults during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic in Riyadh. Methods: A quantitative, cross-sectional study of adults was conducted using a multistage participatory approach between May 31 and June 7, 2020, in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Results: Of 1364 study participants, 73.9% knew the descriptive type of COVID-19. Females showed a statistically significant higher knowledge composite (P < 0.0001), and the majority had higher sufficient knowledge scores than males. Only 24.9% agreed that individuals could be tested positive for influenza and COVID-19 at the same time. Negative attitudes were highly prevalent among younger, unmarried, non-Saudi, male participants (P < 0.05). 72.9% reported placing masks on infants or children under 2 years. Similarly, older age groups and Saudi females were better at practicing risk-based preventive controls for COVID-19 than younger age groups and non-Saudi males (P < 0.0001). 60% expressed that if a vaccine would be available this year, they would feel it was rushed, while 56% would consider receiving it but would wait to see what happens to others. Conclusion: These findings could be helpful in guiding machine learning models in groups more affected by knowledge insufficiency, gaps in attitudes, and behavioral compliance.
{"title":"Assessment of knowledge, attitudes, practices, and vaccine acceptance for coronavirus disease 2019 among the public in a MERS-CoV-endemic country","authors":"M. Barry, Bader Zawawi, Moath AlGhusoon, A. Alarifi, S. Alhothaly, Omar A Fatani","doi":"10.4103/jnsm.jnsm_51_21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jnsm.jnsm_51_21","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: The objective of the study is to identify associations between the sociodemographic characteristics and the level of knowledge, scope of attitudes, and self-reported practices among adults during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic in Riyadh. Methods: A quantitative, cross-sectional study of adults was conducted using a multistage participatory approach between May 31 and June 7, 2020, in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Results: Of 1364 study participants, 73.9% knew the descriptive type of COVID-19. Females showed a statistically significant higher knowledge composite (P < 0.0001), and the majority had higher sufficient knowledge scores than males. Only 24.9% agreed that individuals could be tested positive for influenza and COVID-19 at the same time. Negative attitudes were highly prevalent among younger, unmarried, non-Saudi, male participants (P < 0.05). 72.9% reported placing masks on infants or children under 2 years. Similarly, older age groups and Saudi females were better at practicing risk-based preventive controls for COVID-19 than younger age groups and non-Saudi males (P < 0.0001). 60% expressed that if a vaccine would be available this year, they would feel it was rushed, while 56% would consider receiving it but would wait to see what happens to others. Conclusion: These findings could be helpful in guiding machine learning models in groups more affected by knowledge insufficiency, gaps in attitudes, and behavioral compliance.","PeriodicalId":33866,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nature and Science of Medicine","volume":"4 1","pages":"317 - 323"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42292986","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-10-01DOI: 10.4103/jnsm.jnsm_106_20
Khalid A. Al-Nasser, Abdullah Neel, F. Alyami, Khalid M. Al-Barraq, Muaath M. Alsheheli, M. Alomar, Abdulaziz M. Althunayan, S. Binsaleh, R. Almannie
Context: Urinary tract stones are a highly prevalent problem affecting public health worldwide. Studying demographic variability in urolithiasis across different geographical areas in terms of prevalence, age, sex, stone composition, climate, and comorbidities can aid in differentiating between varieties of stone types and identifying high-risk populations. Aims: We conducted this study to identify correlations and demonstrate the demographic variability in urinary tract stone cases in Saudi Arabia. Settings and Design: We retrospectively reviewed the data of all patients who underwent stone analysis in our institution between May 2015 and June 2017. Subjects and Methods: We used Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy for stone analysis to analyze the chemical composition of each stone. We recorded the different seasons when the stones were initially analyzed and the demographics of our patients, including age, sex, general comorbidities such as hypertension, diabetes, and other patient-specific comorbidities, and stone type. Statistical Analysis Used: We analyzed our data using the statistical data analysis software IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows, version 25.0 (Armonk, NY, USA: IBM Corp). Results: We divided the ages of the patients into seven distinct age groups (0–14, 15–24, 25–34, 35–44, 45–54, 55–64, and + 65) to easily define and compare the incidence of stones within each age group and between sexes. We divided the year into hot and cold seasons according to the annual climate in Saudi Arabia. We also defined patients' coexisting comorbidities in our results. Conclusion: We found that the incidence of some types of urinary tract stones could be predicted by the presence of chronic illnesses in the middle-aged population in Saudi Arabia.
背景：尿路结石是影响全球公众健康的一个非常普遍的问题。研究不同地理区域尿石症在患病率、年龄、性别、结石成分、气候和合并症方面的人口统计学变异性，有助于区分结石类型的多样性和识别高危人群。目的：我们进行了这项研究，以确定沙特阿拉伯尿路结石病例的相关性并证明其人口统计学变异性。设置和设计：我们回顾性回顾了2015年5月至2017年6月期间在我们机构接受结石分析的所有患者的数据。受试者和方法：采用傅立叶变换红外光谱法对每块结石进行化学成分分析。我们记录了最初分析结石的不同季节以及患者的人口统计数据，包括年龄、性别、高血压、糖尿病等一般合并症和其他患者特有的合并症，以及结石类型。使用的统计分析：我们使用统计数据分析软件IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows 25.0版（Armonk，NY，USA：IBM Corp）分析我们的数据。结果：我们将患者的年龄分为七个不同的年龄组（0-14、15-24、25-34、35-44、45-54、55-64和+65），以方便定义和比较每个年龄组和性别之间的结石发生率。根据沙特阿拉伯的年度气候，我们将一年分为炎热和寒冷两个季节。我们还在研究结果中定义了患者共存的合并症。结论：我们发现，沙特阿拉伯中年人群中慢性疾病的存在可以预测某些类型尿路结石的发病率。
{"title":"Demographic variability of urinary tract stones in Saudi Arabia","authors":"Khalid A. Al-Nasser, Abdullah Neel, F. Alyami, Khalid M. Al-Barraq, Muaath M. Alsheheli, M. Alomar, Abdulaziz M. Althunayan, S. Binsaleh, R. Almannie","doi":"10.4103/jnsm.jnsm_106_20","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jnsm.jnsm_106_20","url":null,"abstract":"Context: Urinary tract stones are a highly prevalent problem affecting public health worldwide. Studying demographic variability in urolithiasis across different geographical areas in terms of prevalence, age, sex, stone composition, climate, and comorbidities can aid in differentiating between varieties of stone types and identifying high-risk populations. Aims: We conducted this study to identify correlations and demonstrate the demographic variability in urinary tract stone cases in Saudi Arabia. Settings and Design: We retrospectively reviewed the data of all patients who underwent stone analysis in our institution between May 2015 and June 2017. Subjects and Methods: We used Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy for stone analysis to analyze the chemical composition of each stone. We recorded the different seasons when the stones were initially analyzed and the demographics of our patients, including age, sex, general comorbidities such as hypertension, diabetes, and other patient-specific comorbidities, and stone type. Statistical Analysis Used: We analyzed our data using the statistical data analysis software IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows, version 25.0 (Armonk, NY, USA: IBM Corp). Results: We divided the ages of the patients into seven distinct age groups (0–14, 15–24, 25–34, 35–44, 45–54, 55–64, and + 65) to easily define and compare the incidence of stones within each age group and between sexes. We divided the year into hot and cold seasons according to the annual climate in Saudi Arabia. We also defined patients' coexisting comorbidities in our results. Conclusion: We found that the incidence of some types of urinary tract stones could be predicted by the presence of chronic illnesses in the middle-aged population in Saudi Arabia.","PeriodicalId":33866,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nature and Science of Medicine","volume":"4 1","pages":"328 - 332"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49307879","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. Aljarallah, M. Bedaiwi, Rashed Alrashed, M. Omair, M. Soliman, A. Alfadda
Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has challenged medical education and resulted in a rapid and unexpected global shift toward online education. The study presents the experience of the College of Medicine of King Saud University in delivering a comprehensive internal medicine course for final-year medical students, which includes the implementation of novel methods of assessment. Methods: A 2-week revision of the internal medicine course was conducted for 70 pregraduation medical students. Lectures and focused case-based tutorials were conducted online. Novel assessment methods included brief written essays summarizing the tutorials, open-book short-answer question (SAQ) examination, and a virtual standardized oral examination (vSOE). A questionnaire was sent to the students (n = 70) on the contents of the course, clarity of objectives, duration, and online platform. Results: The response rate was 99.3%. Students scored higher in the SAQs compared with traditional multiple-choice tests (mean score: 92.3% vs. 69.8%). The vSOE was efficient, and grades were comparable to traditional objective structured clinical examination. The majority of students (93%) reported the scientific content as good or excellent, whereas approximately 30% found the course goals lacked a clear description. The majority (76%) found the course length appropriate, and 94% reported the online platform installation and operation easy or very easy. Conclusions: The comprehensive online internal medicine course was successfully delivered to pregraduation students. Innovative online examination methods can be a reasonable alternative in the case of lockdown. This modality of teaching and assessment was considered useful and met the expectations of students.
{"title":"Pregraduation online curriculum delivery of internal medicine course during the COVID-19 pandemic: Experience of a medical college in Saudi Arabia","authors":"S. Aljarallah, M. Bedaiwi, Rashed Alrashed, M. Omair, M. Soliman, A. Alfadda","doi":"10.4103/jnsm.jnsm_11_21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jnsm.jnsm_11_21","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has challenged medical education and resulted in a rapid and unexpected global shift toward online education. The study presents the experience of the College of Medicine of King Saud University in delivering a comprehensive internal medicine course for final-year medical students, which includes the implementation of novel methods of assessment. Methods: A 2-week revision of the internal medicine course was conducted for 70 pregraduation medical students. Lectures and focused case-based tutorials were conducted online. Novel assessment methods included brief written essays summarizing the tutorials, open-book short-answer question (SAQ) examination, and a virtual standardized oral examination (vSOE). A questionnaire was sent to the students (n = 70) on the contents of the course, clarity of objectives, duration, and online platform. Results: The response rate was 99.3%. Students scored higher in the SAQs compared with traditional multiple-choice tests (mean score: 92.3% vs. 69.8%). The vSOE was efficient, and grades were comparable to traditional objective structured clinical examination. The majority of students (93%) reported the scientific content as good or excellent, whereas approximately 30% found the course goals lacked a clear description. The majority (76%) found the course length appropriate, and 94% reported the online platform installation and operation easy or very easy. Conclusions: The comprehensive online internal medicine course was successfully delivered to pregraduation students. Innovative online examination methods can be a reasonable alternative in the case of lockdown. This modality of teaching and assessment was considered useful and met the expectations of students.","PeriodicalId":33866,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nature and Science of Medicine","volume":"4 1","pages":"337 - 342"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44384746","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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