Computer support for work groups and cooperative work tasks is an area of active research and development. Software products are advertised for facilitating cooperation and collaboration, from collective authoring systems to computer support for multimedia communications and face-to-face meetings. Increasing work group productivity through the use of computer technology requires that the nature of group work practice be well understood. This paper describes a psychodynamic model of group relations and the perspective it provides on the behaviors and motivations of work groups and their larger containing organizations. The paper argues that the systemic and psychological model and insights of the psychodynamic perspective are fundamental to an understanding of the actual day-to-day activities of work groups. Furthermore, utilizing these insights can help develop richer models of work group experience, and provide a more realistic ground for developing effective computer assistance for work groups and their tasks. Since computer systems affect the social conditions of work groups, models and methods of the social sciences must be incorporated into the development practices of computer system engineers. The value of the psychodynamic perspective is described with two examples. First, some current research on computer mediated communication is reviewed in terms of group relations. Second, the application of this model to the changing nature of organizational work is outlined. * Email: Anderson roch817@Xerox. com
{"title":"Group relations psychology and computer supported work some new directions for research and development","authors":"William L. Anderson","doi":"10.1145/122831.122841","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/122831.122841","url":null,"abstract":"Computer support for work groups and cooperative work tasks is an area of active research and development. Software products are advertised for facilitating cooperation and collaboration, from collective authoring systems to computer support for multimedia communications and face-to-face meetings. Increasing work group productivity through the use of computer technology requires that the nature of group work practice be well understood. This paper describes a psychodynamic model of group relations and the perspective it provides on the behaviors and motivations of work groups and their larger containing organizations. The paper argues that the systemic and psychological model and insights of the psychodynamic perspective are fundamental to an understanding of the actual day-to-day activities of work groups. Furthermore, utilizing these insights can help develop richer models of work group experience, and provide a more realistic ground for developing effective computer assistance for work groups and their tasks. Since computer systems affect the social conditions of work groups, models and methods of the social sciences must be incorporated into the development practices of computer system engineers. The value of the psychodynamic perspective is described with two examples. First, some current research on computer mediated communication is reviewed in terms of group relations. Second, the application of this model to the changing nature of organizational work is outlined. * Email: Anderson roch817@Xerox. com","PeriodicalId":338751,"journal":{"name":"Conference on Organizational Computing Systems","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1991-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130931613","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The hypertext style of organizing onlirm information is a promising approach fbr managing Iargc, complex documint sets tl~>t are used and maintained over a long period of time. Such document sets are typically developed in an au(horing-in-the-!arge environment, in which a team of authors works collaboratively in a knowledge-intensive process. l-his paper ciescribcs how knowledge-based software engineering technologies can be app]icd to authoring-in-the-large through a framework called 771J71)oc. The intent of ThyDoc is to move a{ltl~c)ti[lg-iIl-tllc-large into the more struct.urcd discipline of dmmc72t engineering. Thyl)oc treats authoring as a knowledge-acquisition process that captures formally (in terms of a conceptual schema) and informally (through text, grai>hics, and other “natural” forms of information) all the knowledge nccdcd by teams of authors for the anaIysis, dcsi~m, dcveloprncnt, and maintenance of complex hypertext documents. ThyDoc is based on the Telos conceptual modclling language and the ‘1’axis setnantic data mo{lclling language. A prototype ThyDt)c authoring cnvironrncnt has been implemented to illustrate this knowledge-based approach to document engineering.
组织在线信息的超文本样式是一种很有前途的方法，可以用于管理需要长时间使用和维护的大型、复杂的文档集。这样的文档集通常是在au中开发的。一个大型的环境，在这个环境中，一组作者在一个知识密集型的过程中协同工作。他的论文描述了基于知识的软件工程技术如何通过一个名为771J71的框架应用于总体创作。ThyDoc的目的是将{ltl~c)ti[lg- il - tlc -large]移动到more结构体中。dmmc72t工程学科。Thyl)oc将创作视为一个知识获取过程，该过程正式地(根据概念模式)和非正式地(通过文本、图形和其他“自然”形式的信息)捕获作者团队为分析、设计、开发和维护复杂的超文本文档所需要的所有知识。ThyDoc基于Telos概念建模语言和“1”轴语义数据建模语言。已经实现了一个原型ThyDt)c创作环境来说明这种基于知识的文档工程方法。
{"title":"A conceptual modelling approach to authoring-in-the-large for hypertext documents","authors":"R. Sobiesiak, J. Mylopoulos","doi":"10.1145/122831.122854","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/122831.122854","url":null,"abstract":"The hypertext style of organizing onlirm information is a promising approach fbr managing Iargc, complex documint sets tl~>t are used and maintained over a long period of time. Such document sets are typically developed in an au(horing-in-the-!arge environment, in which a team of authors works collaboratively in a knowledge-intensive process. l-his paper ciescribcs how knowledge-based software engineering technologies can be app]icd to authoring-in-the-large through a framework called 771J71)oc. The intent of ThyDoc is to move a{ltl~c)ti[lg-iIl-tllc-large into the more struct.urcd discipline of dmmc72t engineering. Thyl)oc treats authoring as a knowledge-acquisition process that captures formally (in terms of a conceptual schema) and informally (through text, grai>hics, and other “natural” forms of information) all the knowledge nccdcd by teams of authors for the anaIysis, dcsi~m, dcveloprncnt, and maintenance of complex hypertext documents. ThyDoc is based on the Telos conceptual modclling language and the ‘1’axis setnantic data mo{lclling language. A prototype ThyDt)c authoring cnvironrncnt has been implemented to illustrate this knowledge-based approach to document engineering.","PeriodicalId":338751,"journal":{"name":"Conference on Organizational Computing Systems","volume":"79 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1991-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128778351","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The view of organizations as open systems has recently received substantial attention. Under this view, an organization is a group of cooperative and competitive units working together to achieve certain individual and social goals. In this abrticle, we propose an approach to formaJize open systems concepts based on ontolo~, the branch of philosophy dealing with models of the world. Specifically, we propose a dual view of organizations – as wholes and as aggregates of components. This duality provides for viewing organizational units as both independently behaving components of the organization, and, in the same time, as subject to organizational constraints or laws. The laws force the components to cooperate, exchange information and coordinate their activities with other units. We conjecture that our proposed approach can provide precise formal definitions for open system concepts.
{"title":"An approach to formalizing organizational open systems concepts","authors":"Y. Wand, C. Woo","doi":"10.1145/122831.122845","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/122831.122845","url":null,"abstract":"The view of organizations as open systems has recently received substantial attention. Under this view, an organization is a group of cooperative and competitive units working together to achieve certain individual and social goals. In this abrticle, we propose an approach to formaJize open systems concepts based on ontolo~, the branch of philosophy dealing with models of the world. Specifically, we propose a dual view of organizations – as wholes and as aggregates of components. This duality provides for viewing organizational units as both independently behaving components of the organization, and, in the same time, as subject to organizational constraints or laws. The laws force the components to cooperate, exchange information and coordinate their activities with other units. We conjecture that our proposed approach can provide precise formal definitions for open system concepts.","PeriodicalId":338751,"journal":{"name":"Conference on Organizational Computing Systems","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1991-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133241369","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This is an exploratory paper in which we describe aspects of management policy which could be modelled as objects in a distributed computer system, in order to enable them to be queried and manipulated. Policies are 'the plans of an organisation to meet its goals'. They are persistent entities which are intended to influence actions, either by motivating actions or by authorising them. This distinction reflects the observation that agents only successfully carry out actions if they are both motivated and empowered to do so. In addition to persistence, policies have other main characteristics: they are directed to subjects; they are typically organised in hierarchies in which the goal of a policy is achieved by creating lower-level policies until identifiable actions are completed; and policies may conflict, so they require to have a precedence ordering. There is a need to represent and manipulate policies, as objects within the computer system, so that they can be used to influence the activities of automated managers within large distributed computer systems. We describe a possible structure for policy objects and the operations which can be performed on them. Their attributes include: modality (positive or negative motivation or authorisation); policy subjects, goals, and target objects; and the constraints which may apply. The method of representation of relationships between policies is left as an open issue. Related work and concepts in the modelling of policies are referred to, including a brief discussion of security models in this context. The open issues raised by this paper are described.
{"title":"The representation of policies as system objects","authors":"J. Moffett, M. Sloman","doi":"10.1145/122831.122850","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/122831.122850","url":null,"abstract":"This is an exploratory paper in which we describe aspects of management policy which could be modelled as objects in a distributed computer system, in order to enable them to be queried and manipulated. Policies are 'the plans of an organisation to meet its goals'. They are persistent entities which are intended to influence actions, either by motivating actions or by authorising them. This distinction reflects the observation that agents only successfully carry out actions if they are both motivated and empowered to do so. In addition to persistence, policies have other main characteristics: they are directed to subjects; they are typically organised in hierarchies in which the goal of a policy is achieved by creating lower-level policies until identifiable actions are completed; and policies may conflict, so they require to have a precedence ordering. There is a need to represent and manipulate policies, as objects within the computer system, so that they can be used to influence the activities of automated managers within large distributed computer systems. We describe a possible structure for policy objects and the operations which can be performed on them. Their attributes include: modality (positive or negative motivation or authorisation); policy subjects, goals, and target objects; and the constraints which may apply. The method of representation of relationships between policies is left as an open issue. Related work and concepts in the modelling of policies are referred to, including a brief discussion of security models in this context. The open issues raised by this paper are described.","PeriodicalId":338751,"journal":{"name":"Conference on Organizational Computing Systems","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1991-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133846274","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper presents a goal oriented office form system. Comparing to the previous developed office form $ystems, two contributions have been made by this system. First, basedon the AI frame system and the unification process, an office form pattern language k developed. This pattern language can handle the association of a form to hasubforms which have a group of repetitions of the same structure. Second, an AI planner which can directly manipulate the office forms is achieved. The specific difficulty for developing a ptanner to directly manipulate office forms is the frame problem [Hayes, 1975]. Since office form entity can no longer be represented by a symbol ora relation, the situation representation in the planning network has to consider not only the changes of some office forms against the whole office form base, but also the changes of the attributes against the form in which the attributes are located. The goal oriented office form system is developed based on constraint manipulation.
本文提出了一个目标导向的办公表单系统。与以往开发的office form $系统相比，本系统做出了两个贡献。首先，基于AI框架体系和统一过程，开发了办公表单模式语言k。这种模式语言可以处理表单与具有相同结构的一组重复的子表单之间的关联。其次，实现了一个可以直接操作办公表单的人工智能规划器。开发一个直接操作办公表格的程序的具体困难是框架问题[Hayes, 1975]。由于办公形式实体不能再用符号或关系来表示，规划网络中的态势表示不仅要考虑某些办公形式相对于整个办公形式基础的变化，还要考虑属性相对于属性所在的形式的变化。基于约束操作，开发了面向目标的办公表单系统。
{"title":"A goal oriented office form system","authors":"Heyun Liu, Ian Dranffan, F. Poole","doi":"10.1145/122831.122842","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/122831.122842","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents a goal oriented office form system. Comparing to the previous developed office form $ystems, two contributions have been made by this system. First, basedon the AI frame system and the unification process, an office form pattern language k developed. This pattern language can handle the association of a form to hasubforms which have a group of repetitions of the same structure. Second, an AI planner which can directly manipulate the office forms is achieved. The specific difficulty for developing a ptanner to directly manipulate office forms is the frame problem [Hayes, 1975]. Since office form entity can no longer be represented by a symbol ora relation, the situation representation in the planning network has to consider not only the changes of some office forms against the whole office form base, but also the changes of the attributes against the form in which the attributes are located. The goal oriented office form system is developed based on constraint manipulation.","PeriodicalId":338751,"journal":{"name":"Conference on Organizational Computing Systems","volume":"122 4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1991-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124526649","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Object-oriented knowledge representation systems allow an organization to be modeled in an understandable way. User interaction with such a system is enhanced if the graphic representations normally used, such as organization charts and room layout plans, are supported through visual languages directly generating the underlying knowledge structures. The operational and problem-solving procedures of an organization expressed visually within this framework become overt and accessible, and their implementation and consequences can be automated and evaluated. This paper reports some experience in the design and implementation of a lightweight, objectoriented knowledge representation server, and its application to organizational modeling and problem solving. The primary user interface is through a formal visual language implemented as a drawing environment on graphic workstations. The open architecture implementation of the server allows it to be integrated with existing applications, such as corporate database and accounting systems, and also allows functionality to be added through self-contained modules requiring no changes in the kernel system.
{"title":"Organizational modelling and problem solving using object-oriented knowledge representation server and visual language","authors":"B. Gaines","doi":"10.1145/122831.122839","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/122831.122839","url":null,"abstract":"Object-oriented knowledge representation systems allow an organization to be modeled in an understandable way. User interaction with such a system is enhanced if the graphic representations normally used, such as organization charts and room layout plans, are supported through visual languages directly generating the underlying knowledge structures. The operational and problem-solving procedures of an organization expressed visually within this framework become overt and accessible, and their implementation and consequences can be automated and evaluated. This paper reports some experience in the design and implementation of a lightweight, objectoriented knowledge representation server, and its application to organizational modeling and problem solving. The primary user interface is through a formal visual language implemented as a drawing environment on graphic workstations. The open architecture implementation of the server allows it to be integrated with existing applications, such as corporate database and accounting systems, and also allows functionality to be added through self-contained modules requiring no changes in the kernel system.","PeriodicalId":338751,"journal":{"name":"Conference on Organizational Computing Systems","volume":"91 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1991-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127222788","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
past research on interactions of inditiiduals located in separate locations has provided little evidence of a beneficial effect for video co-presence. The current study required users to work in pairs on a cooperative task. College students used a variety of information to select an apartment to rent. The desktop conferencing arrangement included the presence or not of video of the partners. The results revealed a significant difference as a function of gender . Video co-presence influenced the access of information for women, but not for men. Women also felt that the final choice agreed upon was their individual first choice, while men did not. The findings are discussed in terms of the potential role of video in desktop conferencing.
{"title":"The influence of video in desktop computer interactions","authors":"Ronald H. Nowaczyk, Terri L. Thomas, D. O. White","doi":"10.1145/122831.122840","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/122831.122840","url":null,"abstract":"past research on interactions of inditiiduals located in separate locations has provided little evidence of a beneficial effect for video co-presence. The current study required users to work in pairs on a cooperative task. College students used a variety of information to select an apartment to rent. The desktop conferencing arrangement included the presence or not of video of the partners. The results revealed a significant difference as a function of gender . Video co-presence influenced the access of information for women, but not for men. Women also felt that the final choice agreed upon was their individual first choice, while men did not. The findings are discussed in terms of the potential role of video in desktop conferencing.","PeriodicalId":338751,"journal":{"name":"Conference on Organizational Computing Systems","volume":"492 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1991-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134000870","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Experiments with technology for locating and tracking people and things are occurring in computer science research centers in Europe and the United States. Although in its early stages, this location capability is viewed as an enabler for nextgeneration distributed computing systems in offices, universities, and perhaps the wider world. Such systems will no longer shackle users to their desktop PC or leave them stranded, unconnected, when using portable and notebook systems. Instead, ubiquitous wireless networks will track users and machines, delivering information and services as needed to people on the go [SciAm91 ].
{"title":"Locator technology in distributed systems: the Active Badge","authors":"Kenneth A. Pier","doi":"10.1145/122831.122858","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/122831.122858","url":null,"abstract":"Experiments with technology for locating and tracking people and things are occurring in computer science research centers in Europe and the United States. Although in its early stages, this location capability is viewed as an enabler for nextgeneration distributed computing systems in offices, universities, and perhaps the wider world. Such systems will no longer shackle users to their desktop PC or leave them stranded, unconnected, when using portable and notebook systems. Instead, ubiquitous wireless networks will track users and machines, delivering information and services as needed to people on the go [SciAm91 ].","PeriodicalId":338751,"journal":{"name":"Conference on Organizational Computing Systems","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1991-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123579765","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The major challenge in the design of an efficient distributed multimedia system is the integration and support of a wide variety of applications. Investigating the basic issues involved in the design and specification of distributed muttimcdia systems is the focus of this paper. A basic layered network architecture is proposed as the uniform framework for the investigation of different levels of functionality typically associated with the communication network that supports multimedia communication. Within this framework, we propose to identify the communication requirements for multimedia applications and characterize a set of communication primitives which specify different qualities of scrvicc to reflect different real-time rcquircmcnts. ‘Ilis investigation is guided by an efficient and flexible multi-level specification model. We will characterize this model and show that the model can be amenable to the construction of a set of communication primitives that support synchronization and communication of multimedia applications.
{"title":"Multi-level specification and protocol design for distributed multimedia communication","authors":"T. Znati, Yi Deng, Brian Field, Shi-Kuo Chang","doi":"10.1145/122831.122856","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/122831.122856","url":null,"abstract":"The major challenge in the design of an efficient distributed multimedia system is the integration and support of a wide variety of applications. Investigating the basic issues involved in the design and specification of distributed muttimcdia systems is the focus of this paper. A basic layered network architecture is proposed as the uniform framework for the investigation of different levels of functionality typically associated with the communication network that supports multimedia communication. Within this framework, we propose to identify the communication requirements for multimedia applications and characterize a set of communication primitives which specify different qualities of scrvicc to reflect different real-time rcquircmcnts. ‘Ilis investigation is guided by an efficient and flexible multi-level specification model. We will characterize this model and show that the model can be amenable to the construction of a set of communication primitives that support synchronization and communication of multimedia applications.","PeriodicalId":338751,"journal":{"name":"Conference on Organizational Computing Systems","volume":"59 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1991-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124500058","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Recently, there has been considerable interest in the development of computer systems for use in negotiations. However, these systems are exclusively focussed on joint problem solving in cooperative settings. This paper concentrates on negotiation situations that are marked by conflict. Using a social-theoretic framework we identify the scope of computer assistance for negotiation in non-cooperative situations. We focus on the descriptive part of Raiffa’s asymmetric descriptive/prescriptive strategy for competitive decision-making. An outline of a software system is presented. Such a system can help build a database of negotiation case histories that can be represented graphically. We explore its use in competitive bargaining situations where the system can provide a descriptive model of the opponents’ bargaining behavior and help classify a negotiator in terms of negotiation strategies he is inclined to use. This allows the user to adopt a prescriptive approach in t~. process of concession-making in negotiations. The principles of a computer program FACILITATOR to facilitate the process of negotiation are also presented. * chaudhur@umb sky.bitnet ** mgmtrao@acsu.buffalo.edu *** sukuntar@emx.utex as.edu Permission to copy without fee all or part of this material is granted provided that the copies are not made or distributed for direct commercial advantage, the ACM copyright notice and the title of the publication and its date appear, and notice is given that copying is by permission of the Association for Computing Machinery. To copy otherwise, or to republish, requires a fee and/or specific permission. a 1991 ACM 0-89791-456-2/91 /0010 /0269... $ 1.50
{"title":"What can computer programs do to facilitate negotiation processes?","authors":"A. Chaudhury, H. R. Rao, S. Rathnam","doi":"10.1145/122831.122857","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/122831.122857","url":null,"abstract":"Recently, there has been considerable interest in the development of computer systems for use in negotiations. However, these systems are exclusively focussed on joint problem solving in cooperative settings. This paper concentrates on negotiation situations that are marked by conflict. Using a social-theoretic framework we identify the scope of computer assistance for negotiation in non-cooperative situations. We focus on the descriptive part of Raiffa’s asymmetric descriptive/prescriptive strategy for competitive decision-making. An outline of a software system is presented. Such a system can help build a database of negotiation case histories that can be represented graphically. We explore its use in competitive bargaining situations where the system can provide a descriptive model of the opponents’ bargaining behavior and help classify a negotiator in terms of negotiation strategies he is inclined to use. This allows the user to adopt a prescriptive approach in t~. process of concession-making in negotiations. The principles of a computer program FACILITATOR to facilitate the process of negotiation are also presented. * chaudhur@umb sky.bitnet ** mgmtrao@acsu.buffalo.edu *** sukuntar@emx.utex as.edu Permission to copy without fee all or part of this material is granted provided that the copies are not made or distributed for direct commercial advantage, the ACM copyright notice and the title of the publication and its date appear, and notice is given that copying is by permission of the Association for Computing Machinery. To copy otherwise, or to republish, requires a fee and/or specific permission. a 1991 ACM 0-89791-456-2/91 /0010 /0269... $ 1.50","PeriodicalId":338751,"journal":{"name":"Conference on Organizational Computing Systems","volume":"91 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1991-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123284700","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：