Pub Date : 2014-09-28DOI: 10.33899/rengj.2014.100848
B. Mohammed, A. Mahmood
In this paper a special kind of PID controller has been designed and implemented which is called fractional order PID (FOPID) controller whose derivative and integral are fractional rather than integers. The FOPID controller has five parameters which have been tuned by using an intelligent particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm by minimizing the fitness function given as integral of time weighted absolute error (ITAE). The digital fractional order PID (DFOPID) controller in discrete time with suitable sampling period has been attained utilizing special approximation method called continued fraction expansion (CFE) that lead to convert the s domain transfer function into z domain using MATLAB tools. As a case of study the DFOPID controller has been designed and realized by software in C language on PIC microcontroller for DC motor as a position control. The results showed software fulfillment of DFOPID, with alike time domain performance of closed loop system for both continuous and discrete.
{"title":"Digital Fractional Order PID Controller Design And Realization","authors":"B. Mohammed, A. Mahmood","doi":"10.33899/rengj.2014.100848","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33899/rengj.2014.100848","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper a special kind of PID controller has been designed and implemented which is called fractional order PID (FOPID) controller whose derivative and integral are fractional rather than integers. The FOPID controller has five parameters which have been tuned by using an intelligent particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm by minimizing the fitness function given as integral of time weighted absolute error (ITAE). The digital fractional order PID (DFOPID) controller in discrete time with suitable sampling period has been attained utilizing special approximation method called continued fraction expansion (CFE) that lead to convert the s domain transfer function into z domain using MATLAB tools. As a case of study the DFOPID controller has been designed and realized by software in C language on PIC microcontroller for DC motor as a position control. The results showed software fulfillment of DFOPID, with alike time domain performance of closed loop system for both continuous and discrete.","PeriodicalId":339890,"journal":{"name":"AL Rafdain Engineering Journal","volume":"82 3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123235878","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-09-28DOI: 10.33899/RENGJ.2014.89966
S. A. Al-Ta'an, N. Al-Husaini
21 Softened Truss Model Theory for the Analysis of Fibre Reinforced Concrete Deep Beams and Corbels S. A. Al-Ta’an, Professor N. S. H. Al-Husaini, Assistant lecturer Department of Civil Engineering, Dept. of Building and Construction, Mosul University, IRAQ Technical Engineering College, Mosul Corresponding author, S. A. Al-Ta’an, Email: saad.altaan@yahoo.com Abstract Reinforced concrete members may be subjected to axial load, bending moment, shear and torsion. However the behaviour of these members under shear or combined shear and torsion is a complex phenomenon. In this study the softened truss model theory is applied for the analysis of fibre reinforced concrete deep beams and corbels. The theory is more promising than the strut and tie model which satisfies the equilibrium conditions and to some extent materials constitutive relationships. While this theory, considers the equilibrium, compatibility, materials constitutive relationships and the degrading effect of the diagonal tension cracks on the compressive strength of cracked reinforced concrete element when subjected to biaxial compression-tension stresses. The previously developed algorithms for the analysis were modified by incorporating the effect of short discrete steel fibres on the behaviour and strength of concrete subjected to shear. Fibre reinforced concrete deep beams and corbels were analyzed using the adopted algorithm and materials constitutive relationships. The predicted effects of the shear span / depth ratio, volume fraction of steel fibres and the longitudinal steel ratio on the shear strength of fibre reinforced concrete deep beams and corbels showed good agreement with published experimental results.
21纤维钢筋混凝土深梁与桁架分析的软化桁架模型理论S. A. Al-Ta 'an, N. S. H. Al-Husaini教授，摩苏尔大学，伊拉克摩苏尔技术工程学院，建筑工程系土木工程系助理讲师，通讯作者，S. A. Al-Ta 'an, Email: saad.altaan@yahoo.com摘要钢筋混凝土构件可承受轴向荷载、弯矩、剪力和扭转。然而，这些构件在剪切或剪切和扭转联合作用下的行为是一个复杂的现象。本文将软化桁架模型理论应用于纤维混凝土深梁和深梁的分析。该理论比满足平衡条件和一定程度上满足材料本构关系的杆系模型更有前景。而该理论则考虑了平衡、相容性、材料本构关系以及受双轴压拉应力作用时斜拉裂缝对开裂钢筋混凝土单元抗压强度的退化效应。先前开发的分析算法通过纳入短离散钢纤维对受剪切混凝土的行为和强度的影响进行了修改。采用所采用的算法和材料本构关系对纤维混凝土深梁和深梁进行了分析。预测的抗剪跨深比、钢纤维体积分数和纵钢比对纤维混凝土深梁和深梁抗剪强度的影响与已发表的试验结果吻合较好。
{"title":"Softened Truss Model Theory for the Analysis of Fibre Reinforced Concrete Deep Beams and Corbels - E","authors":"S. A. Al-Ta'an, N. Al-Husaini","doi":"10.33899/RENGJ.2014.89966","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33899/RENGJ.2014.89966","url":null,"abstract":"21 Softened Truss Model Theory for the Analysis of Fibre Reinforced Concrete Deep Beams and Corbels S. A. Al-Ta’an, Professor N. S. H. Al-Husaini, Assistant lecturer Department of Civil Engineering, Dept. of Building and Construction, Mosul University, IRAQ Technical Engineering College, Mosul Corresponding author, S. A. Al-Ta’an, Email: saad.altaan@yahoo.com Abstract Reinforced concrete members may be subjected to axial load, bending moment, shear and torsion. However the behaviour of these members under shear or combined shear and torsion is a complex phenomenon. In this study the softened truss model theory is applied for the analysis of fibre reinforced concrete deep beams and corbels. The theory is more promising than the strut and tie model which satisfies the equilibrium conditions and to some extent materials constitutive relationships. While this theory, considers the equilibrium, compatibility, materials constitutive relationships and the degrading effect of the diagonal tension cracks on the compressive strength of cracked reinforced concrete element when subjected to biaxial compression-tension stresses. The previously developed algorithms for the analysis were modified by incorporating the effect of short discrete steel fibres on the behaviour and strength of concrete subjected to shear. Fibre reinforced concrete deep beams and corbels were analyzed using the adopted algorithm and materials constitutive relationships. The predicted effects of the shear span / depth ratio, volume fraction of steel fibres and the longitudinal steel ratio on the shear strength of fibre reinforced concrete deep beams and corbels showed good agreement with published experimental results.","PeriodicalId":339890,"journal":{"name":"AL Rafdain Engineering Journal","volume":"12 2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116651493","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-09-28DOI: 10.33899/rengj.2014.101498
R. A. Khalil, R. Antar
In this work, neural network control theory is applied to identify and control the robot arm with two links conformed by two equations of second order which alternate their operation simultaneous. A neural network is trained to learn the robot arm in the dynamic behavior. The simulation results of the neural network controller based on model reference that used to identify and control the robot arm give very close results.
{"title":"Neural Network Based on Model Reference Using for Robot Arm Identification and Control","authors":"R. A. Khalil, R. Antar","doi":"10.33899/rengj.2014.101498","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33899/rengj.2014.101498","url":null,"abstract":"In this work, neural network control theory is applied to identify and control the robot arm with two links conformed by two equations of second order which alternate their operation simultaneous. A neural network is trained to learn the robot arm in the dynamic behavior. The simulation results of the neural network controller based on model reference that used to identify and control the robot arm give very close results.","PeriodicalId":339890,"journal":{"name":"AL Rafdain Engineering Journal","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132405014","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-09-28DOI: 10.33899/RENGJ.2014.89972
M. Amin, M. Khidir, A. Taher
{"title":"Manufacturing of Bricks from Soil and Crushed Limestone by Compression- E","authors":"M. Amin, M. Khidir, A. Taher","doi":"10.33899/RENGJ.2014.89972","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33899/RENGJ.2014.89972","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":339890,"journal":{"name":"AL Rafdain Engineering Journal","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130971526","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-09-28DOI: 10.33899/rengj.2014.101518
A. Al-Jameel, Assda A. H. Al-Tuhafi
This research focuses on defining and clarifying the property of similarity which characterizes the Traditional Houses Architecture, as previous related literature, which has dealt with this issue almost implicitly, is characterized with inadequate and unclear knowledge regarding this property in the plans of traditional houses in old Mosul city. The research aims at studying and elaborating the property of similarity and testing the principle hypothesis that the plans of traditional houses of old Mosul city may be characterized by certain patterns of similarity on both the level of the overall plan composition and the level of plan parts. The research achieved its goal via four stages; the first stage includes the deffinitions of similarity and its related aspects. In the second stage the related previous literature is reviewed in relation with the issue of similarity, while the third stage focuses on introducing elaborated theoretical framework of the research variables within various compositional levels. The fourth stage is dedicated to practical study procedures, presenting and discussing results and finally introducing the conclusions which support the hypothesis of the research and introduce a more detailed definition of the similarity patterns within the plans of traditional houses in old Mosul city in the light of the measured variables and the related recommendations.
{"title":"The Property of Similarity in the Plans of Traditional Houses inOld Mosul City","authors":"A. Al-Jameel, Assda A. H. Al-Tuhafi","doi":"10.33899/rengj.2014.101518","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33899/rengj.2014.101518","url":null,"abstract":"This research focuses on defining and clarifying the property of similarity which characterizes the Traditional Houses Architecture, as previous related literature, which has dealt with this issue almost implicitly, is characterized with inadequate and unclear knowledge regarding this property in the plans of traditional houses in old Mosul city. The research aims at studying and elaborating the property of similarity and testing the principle hypothesis that the plans of traditional houses of old Mosul city may be characterized by certain patterns of similarity on both the level of the overall plan composition and the level of plan parts. The research achieved its goal via four stages; the first stage includes the deffinitions of similarity and its related aspects. In the second stage the related previous literature is reviewed in relation with the issue of similarity, while the third stage focuses on introducing elaborated theoretical framework of the research variables within various compositional levels. The fourth stage is dedicated to practical study procedures, presenting and discussing results and finally introducing the conclusions which support the hypothesis of the research and introduce a more detailed definition of the similarity patterns within the plans of traditional houses in old Mosul city in the light of the measured variables and the related recommendations.","PeriodicalId":339890,"journal":{"name":"AL Rafdain Engineering Journal","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114354852","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-07-28DOI: 10.33899/rengj.2014.88204
Amer Abdullah Fathi Al-Azawi
General pre-planning was available only for some buildings of universities in the world. University of Mosul and its buildings are cumulative development university, therefore, many of its old buildings today witness big changes in various of its utilities, and the phenomenon of changing the entries' location of some of its educational buildings may considered as the most important of these changes especially these building are occupied by the same science departments, hence the research problem is defined, which is the fuzziness of the impact of changing the entries' location on the spatial configuration features for the educational buildings in the university of Mosul, due to the importance of the spatial configuration which reflects the human organizing and behaviour that created this configuration, the research aim was defined as trying to illustrate this impact, and some of educational buildings are chosen, which their entries are changed, then their features of spatial configurations are studied before and after change by using the space syntax methodology. The research reached at the originated entries allowed to increase integration degree and decreasing the depth rate value for the educational administrative and servant departments in their relation with exterior on the contrary of the particular part of the teaching staff rooms in the research buildings sample. :ملتسأ 13 – 1 2013 :لبق 23 – 9 2013 Al-Rafidain Engineering Vol.22 No. 3 April 2014
{"title":"The Impact of Changing the Entries' Location on the Spatial Configuration Features for the Educational Buildings in the University of Mosul","authors":"Amer Abdullah Fathi Al-Azawi","doi":"10.33899/rengj.2014.88204","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33899/rengj.2014.88204","url":null,"abstract":"General pre-planning was available only for some buildings of universities in the world. University of Mosul and its buildings are cumulative development university, therefore, many of its old buildings today witness big changes in various of its utilities, and the phenomenon of changing the entries' location of some of its educational buildings may considered as the most important of these changes especially these building are occupied by the same science departments, hence the research problem is defined, which is the fuzziness of the impact of changing the entries' location on the spatial configuration features for the educational buildings in the university of Mosul, due to the importance of the spatial configuration which reflects the human organizing and behaviour that created this configuration, the research aim was defined as trying to illustrate this impact, and some of educational buildings are chosen, which their entries are changed, then their features of spatial configurations are studied before and after change by using the space syntax methodology. The research reached at the originated entries allowed to increase integration degree and decreasing the depth rate value for the educational administrative and servant departments in their relation with exterior on the contrary of the particular part of the teaching staff rooms in the research buildings sample. :ملتسأ 13 – 1 2013 :لبق 23 – 9 2013 Al-Rafidain Engineering Vol.22 No. 3 April 2014","PeriodicalId":339890,"journal":{"name":"AL Rafdain Engineering Journal","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-07-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121645402","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-07-28DOI: 10.33899/rengj.2014.88214
Loma Akram Hamdai, A. F. Mahmood
Video surveillance systems is a powerful tool for public safety and with the increasing need for more security in airports, banks, schools and other critical environments, the demand for video system is growing rapidly. Sides from the intrinsic usefulness of begin able to segment video streams into moving and background components, detecting moving blobs provide a focus of attention for recognition, classification and activity analysis, making these later processes more efficient since only “moving” pixels need to be considered. In this paper an efficient moving object detection method using modified Horprasert model for video surveillance system is present. The modified dynamic thresholds are able to detect a new object with it's shadow through different video stream in terms of light conditions. It consists of background model, distortion of brightness, color calculations and classification. Four regions are segmented depending on the thresholds foreground (moving object), background, highlight background and shadow. The proposed automatic threshold depends on background computations of brightness and is thus expected to achieved better classification performance. Keywords: Horprasert model; background subtraction; background model; Video Surveillance
{"title":"A Robust Method for New Object Detection in Video Surveillance Systems","authors":"Loma Akram Hamdai, A. F. Mahmood","doi":"10.33899/rengj.2014.88214","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33899/rengj.2014.88214","url":null,"abstract":"Video surveillance systems is a powerful tool for public safety and with the increasing need for more security in airports, banks, schools and other critical environments, the demand for video system is growing rapidly. Sides from the intrinsic usefulness of begin able to segment video streams into moving and background components, detecting moving blobs provide a focus of attention for recognition, classification and activity analysis, making these later processes more efficient since only “moving” pixels need to be considered. In this paper an efficient moving object detection method using modified Horprasert model for video surveillance system is present. The modified dynamic thresholds are able to detect a new object with it's shadow through different video stream in terms of light conditions. It consists of background model, distortion of brightness, color calculations and classification. Four regions are segmented depending on the thresholds foreground (moving object), background, highlight background and shadow. The proposed automatic threshold depends on background computations of brightness and is thus expected to achieved better classification performance. Keywords: Horprasert model; background subtraction; background model; Video Surveillance","PeriodicalId":339890,"journal":{"name":"AL Rafdain Engineering Journal","volume":"36 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-07-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125270360","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-05-25DOI: 10.33899/RENGJ.2014.88463
Ziad M. Al-Makhyoul
A numerical study of the performance of longitudinal fin exposed to wet air has been carried out using finite difference technique. The temperature distribution over the fin surface was determined by using a third-degree polynomial correlation for the relationship between dry bulb temperature and humidity ratio for the saturated air at relative humidity of (0, 25, 50 and 100)% and length of fin from (0.01 to 0.1)m. Also, fin efficiency, fin effectiveness and heat transfer have been calculated. The effect of the atmospheric pressure was also considered. The study showed that the fin effectiveness and fin efficiency of a fin in the case of fully wet fin was found to be smaller than those in the dry fin and the temperature gradient at the tip for a dry fin was greater than that for the wet fin. Key words: Longitudinal fins, relative humidity, heat transfer
{"title":"Heat Characteristics and Performance of Longitudinal Fin Exposed to Wet Air","authors":"Ziad M. Al-Makhyoul","doi":"10.33899/RENGJ.2014.88463","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33899/RENGJ.2014.88463","url":null,"abstract":"A numerical study of the performance of longitudinal fin exposed to wet air has been carried out using finite difference technique. The temperature distribution over the fin surface was determined by using a third-degree polynomial correlation for the relationship between dry bulb temperature and humidity ratio for the saturated air at relative humidity of (0, 25, 50 and 100)% and length of fin from (0.01 to 0.1)m. Also, fin efficiency, fin effectiveness and heat transfer have been calculated. The effect of the atmospheric pressure was also considered. The study showed that the fin effectiveness and fin efficiency of a fin in the case of fully wet fin was found to be smaller than those in the dry fin and the temperature gradient at the tip for a dry fin was greater than that for the wet fin. Key words: Longitudinal fins, relative humidity, heat transfer","PeriodicalId":339890,"journal":{"name":"AL Rafdain Engineering Journal","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-05-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123968066","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-05-25DOI: 10.33899/RENGJ.2014.88215
Y. Ali, A. Qader
In this paper dual-band microstrip antenna for Global Positioning System (GPS) application is designed.This design contents on two circular patch ( upper circular patch, lower circular patch) printed on a two-layer substrate of an FR4 dielectric layer, and cutting a crossed-slot in the upper patch and four I slots in the lower patch. The antenna can work at GPS Ll band (1.575GHz) and L2 band (1.227GHz). The design achieved an approximately impedance bandwidth of 15.8 MHz for L1 for two ports, while L2 band is 11.8 MHz for two ports with maximum gain of 2.54dBi and 1.177dBi in the L1 and L2 band respectively for two ports. The resulting circular polarization (with axial ratio ≤ 3 dB) has been found to meet that required for this application. The VSWR is approximately1.1 (VSWR ≤ 2) for L1 and 1.2 for L2. Results were obtained above using the software CST, which shows that this antenna can meet the demands of the signals of satellite navigation system.The antenna dimensions are (70*70 mm 2 ). The structure is compact and has a good application prospect. The results with low-profile characteristics make the antenna suitable for GPS applications. Keywords: microstrip antenna, GPS antenna, Circular polarization, dual-band antenna, Global Positioning System.
{"title":"Design of Dual Band Circular Polarization Stacked Microstrip Antenna for GPS Applications","authors":"Y. Ali, A. Qader","doi":"10.33899/RENGJ.2014.88215","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33899/RENGJ.2014.88215","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper dual-band microstrip antenna for Global Positioning System (GPS) application is designed.This design contents on two circular patch ( upper circular patch, lower circular patch) printed on a two-layer substrate of an FR4 dielectric layer, and cutting a crossed-slot in the upper patch and four I slots in the lower patch. The antenna can work at GPS Ll band (1.575GHz) and L2 band (1.227GHz). The design achieved an approximately impedance bandwidth of 15.8 MHz for L1 for two ports, while L2 band is 11.8 MHz for two ports with maximum gain of 2.54dBi and 1.177dBi in the L1 and L2 band respectively for two ports. The resulting circular polarization (with axial ratio ≤ 3 dB) has been found to meet that required for this application. The VSWR is approximately1.1 (VSWR ≤ 2) for L1 and 1.2 for L2. Results were obtained above using the software CST, which shows that this antenna can meet the demands of the signals of satellite navigation system.The antenna dimensions are (70*70 mm 2 ). The structure is compact and has a good application prospect. The results with low-profile characteristics make the antenna suitable for GPS applications. Keywords: microstrip antenna, GPS antenna, Circular polarization, dual-band antenna, Global Positioning System.","PeriodicalId":339890,"journal":{"name":"AL Rafdain Engineering Journal","volume":"37 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-05-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130002524","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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