{"title":"Intermediate Temperature CO2 Capture for Future Clean Energy Production","authors":"T. Harada, A. Jamal, T. Hatton","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3365565","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3365565","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract not provided to SSRN.","PeriodicalId":340493,"journal":{"name":"Pollution eJournal","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126588298","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Rahul Sharma, S. Nagori, S. Dubey, Sheikh Mohd. Faizan, Y. Kadam
Refrigeration plays an important role in developing countries, primarily for the food preservation, medicinal activities, and for the air conditioning. Conventional refrigeration systems are using Freon and CFC’s as refrigerant. As this chemicals are the main cause for depletion of ozone layer, extensive work is going on alternate refrigeration projects.Thermal separation flow studied and preliminary tests suggest that with the increase in technological advancements, vortex tube refrigeration can be effectively used in place of conventional refrigeration systems. In this paper, comparative study has been done on regular air conditioner and environment friendly refrigeration system. A model is designed and constructed, in the laboratory, for the experiment on the vortex cooling system incorporating the thermoelectric module. Test parameters are the cold fraction from 0 to 1 and an inlet air pressure of 4 bars.
{"title":"Comparative Study Between Vortex Tube Refrigeration System and Regular Air Conditioner","authors":"Rahul Sharma, S. Nagori, S. Dubey, Sheikh Mohd. Faizan, Y. Kadam","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3368815","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3368815","url":null,"abstract":"Refrigeration plays an important role in developing countries, primarily for the food preservation, medicinal activities, and for the air conditioning. Conventional refrigeration systems are using Freon and CFC’s as refrigerant. As this chemicals are the main cause for depletion of ozone layer, extensive work is going on alternate refrigeration projects.Thermal separation flow studied and preliminary tests suggest that with the increase in technological advancements, vortex tube refrigeration can be effectively used in place of conventional refrigeration systems. In this paper, comparative study has been done on regular air conditioner and environment friendly refrigeration system. A model is designed and constructed, in the laboratory, for the experiment on the vortex cooling system incorporating the thermoelectric module. Test parameters are the cold fraction from 0 to 1 and an inlet air pressure of 4 bars.","PeriodicalId":340493,"journal":{"name":"Pollution eJournal","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114490748","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-02-27DOI: 10.11575/SPPP.V12I0.53155
S. Dobson, J. Winter, Brendan Boyd
In this paper we provide a comparison of the coverage of Canadian carbon pricing systems. We define coverage as the proportion and types of emissions priced under the various systems, by emissions source. We compare provincially announced pricing systems to the federal benchmark (the minimum coverage provinces must meet) and the federal backstop, the pricing system that will be imposed on provinces with insufficient coverage or who opt to not develop their own policies. For those provinces that have not yet introduced a carbon price we look only at coverage under the federal benchmark and the federal backstop. We find the majority of provincial pricing systems meet or exceed the federal benchmark. Our results also point to the importance of additional complementary policies to address significant sources of unpriced emissions, primarily in agriculture and fugitive sources.
{"title":"The Greenhouse Gas Emissions Coverage of Carbon Pricing Instruments for Canadian Provinces","authors":"S. Dobson, J. Winter, Brendan Boyd","doi":"10.11575/SPPP.V12I0.53155","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11575/SPPP.V12I0.53155","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper we provide a comparison of the coverage of Canadian carbon pricing systems. We define coverage as the proportion and types of emissions priced under the various systems, by emissions source. We compare provincially announced pricing systems to the federal benchmark (the minimum coverage provinces must meet) and the federal backstop, the pricing system that will be imposed on provinces with insufficient coverage or who opt to not develop their own policies. For those provinces that have not yet introduced a carbon price we look only at coverage under the federal benchmark and the federal backstop. We find the majority of provincial pricing systems meet or exceed the federal benchmark. Our results also point to the importance of additional complementary policies to address significant sources of unpriced emissions, primarily in agriculture and fugitive sources.","PeriodicalId":340493,"journal":{"name":"Pollution eJournal","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134032404","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
textabstractThe problem of plastic pollution in the oceans has been increasingly evident after 1997, when the great concentrations of plastics in the oceans were initially publicized. Still, there is a substantial lack of scientific data and research about the sources of plastic pollution, destinations and consequences to nature and human life. The only certainty is that the amount of plastic that ends up in the ocean is alarming and likely will not decrease anytime soon because of its durability and large range of use. Estimates show that, each year, at least 8 million tons of plastics leak into the ocean and, if no action is taken, this is expected to double by 2030, and quadruple by 2050. As a result, by 2050 there would be more plastic than fish in the ocean. This Article focuses on international legal pathways to face such a problem. It constitutes the basis for further research that aims at constructing a legal framework to adequately face the problem of plastic pollution of the oceans. In order to do so, the first step is to unveil the already existing international instruments—both hard and soft law. It is indispensable to accomplish this intermediate step because a great part of such pollution is in international waters, where the only legal regulations and remedies applicable are those from public international law. Solely through this state-of-the-art approach is it possible to analyze critically its possibilities and limitations, as well as to suggest how to proceed. Therefore, this Article first analyzes whether the international instruments deal with the plastic soup issue, both from the ex ante and from the ex post perspectives. After showing that the current efforts are not compatible with the current harms and threats of plastic pollution of the oceans, we suggest possible pathways and approaches to surpass the obstacles and to start facing the problem of plastic pollution of the oceans.
{"title":"International Law Instruments To Address The Plastic Soup","authors":"Luisa Cortat Simonetti Goncalves, M. Faure","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3405968","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3405968","url":null,"abstract":"textabstractThe problem of plastic pollution in the oceans has been increasingly \u0000evident after 1997, when the great concentrations of plastics in the \u0000oceans were initially publicized. Still, there is a substantial lack of scientific \u0000data and research about the sources of plastic pollution, destinations and \u0000consequences to nature and human life. The only certainty is that the \u0000amount of plastic that ends up in the ocean is alarming and likely will \u0000not decrease anytime soon because of its durability and large range of use. \u0000Estimates show that, each year, at least 8 million tons of plastics leak into \u0000the ocean and, if no action is taken, this is expected to double by 2030, and \u0000quadruple by 2050. As a result, by 2050 there would be more plastic than \u0000fish in the ocean. This Article focuses on international legal pathways to \u0000face such a problem. It constitutes the basis for further research that \u0000aims at constructing a legal framework to adequately face the problem of \u0000plastic pollution of the oceans. In order to do so, the first step is to unveil \u0000the already existing international instruments—both hard and soft law. \u0000It is indispensable to accomplish this intermediate step because a great \u0000part of such pollution is in international waters, where the only legal regulations \u0000and remedies applicable are those from public international law. \u0000Solely through this state-of-the-art approach is it possible to analyze \u0000critically its possibilities and limitations, as well as to suggest how to \u0000proceed. Therefore, this Article first analyzes whether the international \u0000instruments deal with the plastic soup issue, both from the ex ante and \u0000from the ex post perspectives. After showing that the current efforts are \u0000not compatible with the current harms and threats of plastic pollution of \u0000the oceans, we suggest possible pathways and approaches to surpass the \u0000obstacles and to start facing the problem of plastic pollution of the oceans.","PeriodicalId":340493,"journal":{"name":"Pollution eJournal","volume":"657 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-02-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123353639","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This research examines the relevance of inclusive development in modulating the role of governance on environmental degradation. The study focuses on forty-four countries in sub-Saharan Africa for the period 2000-2012. The Generalised Method of Moments is employed as the empirical strategy and CO2 emissions per capita is used to measure environmental pollution. Bundled and unbundled governance dynamics are employed, notably: political governance (consisting of political stability/no violence and “voice and accountability”), economic governance (encompassing government effectiveness and regulation quality), institutional governance (entailing corruption-control and the rule of law), and general governance (a composite measure of political governance, economic governance and institutional governance). The following main findings are established. First, the underlying net effect in the moderating role of inclusive development in the governance-CO2 emissions nexus is not significant in regressions pertaining to political governance and economic governance. Second, there are positive net effects from the relevance of inclusive development in modulating the effects of regulation quality, economic governance and general governance on CO2 emissions. The significant and insignificant effects are elucidated. Policy implications are discussed.
{"title":"Inclusive Development in Environmental Sustainability in Sub-Saharan Africa: Insights from Governance Mechanisms","authors":"S. Asongu, N. Odhiambo","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3328011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3328011","url":null,"abstract":"This research examines the relevance of inclusive development in modulating the role of governance on environmental degradation. The study focuses on forty-four countries in sub-Saharan Africa for the period 2000-2012. The Generalised Method of Moments is employed as the empirical strategy and CO2 emissions per capita is used to measure environmental pollution. Bundled and unbundled governance dynamics are employed, notably: political governance (consisting of political stability/no violence and “voice and accountability”), economic governance (encompassing government effectiveness and regulation quality), institutional governance (entailing corruption-control and the rule of law), and general governance (a composite measure of political governance, economic governance and institutional governance). The following main findings are established. First, the underlying net effect in the moderating role of inclusive development in the governance-CO2 emissions nexus is not significant in regressions pertaining to political governance and economic governance. Second, there are positive net effects from the relevance of inclusive development in modulating the effects of regulation quality, economic governance and general governance on CO2 emissions. The significant and insignificant effects are elucidated. Policy implications are discussed.","PeriodicalId":340493,"journal":{"name":"Pollution eJournal","volume":"11 8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-02-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125765886","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This Article investigates the role of cost-benefit analysis in an antiregulatory regime. The first two years of the Trump Administration have seen the first vigorous use by Congress of its power to overturn recently issued regulations and the creation of novel deregulatory mechanisms layered on top of cost-benefit analysis. There have also been dramatic examples of sharply reversed CBAs, in which regulations that were said to have large net benefits under Obama are instead said to have net costs under Trump. The Trump Administration’s regulatory review initiatives focus heavily on costs, with limited attention to benefits. Case studies of three regulations show that the economic analysis of one is seriously defective, another admits to having severe limitations, and a third seems makes a concerted effort to reduce the weight of benefits. Some of these characteristics may be analytically defensible, others seemingly are not. It is even harder to connect Congress’s recent uses of the Congressional Review Act to either a concern about net benefits or a desire to reduce the economic burdens of regulation. Thus, cost-benefit analysis seems overall a marginal part of current regulatory policy. This lack of interest in regulatory analysis seems to be a characteristic not only of the Trump Administration but of the Republican Congress.
{"title":"Regulatory Review in Anti-Regulatory Times","authors":"D. Farber","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3302206","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3302206","url":null,"abstract":"This Article investigates the role of cost-benefit analysis in an antiregulatory regime. The first two years of the Trump Administration have seen the first vigorous use by Congress of its power to overturn recently issued regulations and the creation of novel deregulatory mechanisms layered on top of cost-benefit analysis. There have also been dramatic examples of sharply reversed CBAs, in which regulations that were said to have large net benefits under Obama are instead said to have net costs under Trump. The Trump Administration’s regulatory review initiatives focus heavily on costs, with limited attention to benefits. Case studies of three regulations show that the economic analysis of one is seriously defective, another admits to having severe limitations, and a third seems makes a concerted effort to reduce the weight of benefits. Some of these characteristics may be analytically defensible, others seemingly are not. It is even harder to connect Congress’s recent uses of the Congressional Review Act to either a concern about net benefits or a desire to reduce the economic burdens of regulation. Thus, cost-benefit analysis seems overall a marginal part of current regulatory policy. This lack of interest in regulatory analysis seems to be a characteristic not only of the Trump Administration but of the Republican Congress.","PeriodicalId":340493,"journal":{"name":"Pollution eJournal","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115551065","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract Unconventional gas development (fracking) is controversial in large part because of environmental and health concerns. We consider the concern that fracking leads to more carcinogenic radon gas in nearby buildings. Our empirical approach estimates treatment effects where treatment is continuous (number of wells) and varies in intensity (distance to the wells) and in duration of exposure (the time since wells were drilled). The approach allows any potential effect of fracking to vary non-linearly with the distance between the well and test site and, holding distance constant, the time between drilling and testing. Our main model gives a precisely estimated zero effect of wells on radon concentrations in nearby buildings. It also reveals that energy firms drilled wells in places with higher pre-existing radon levels, which, if ignored, makes it appear that wells within 2 km increase indoor radon but wells 3 km away do not. This explains the finding of a prior study showing a link between drilling and indoor radon.
{"title":"Fracking and Indoor Radon: Spurious Correlation or Cause for Concern?","authors":"K. Black, S. McCoy, Jeremy G. Weber","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3269889","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3269889","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Unconventional gas development (fracking) is controversial in large part because of environmental and health concerns. We consider the concern that fracking leads to more carcinogenic radon gas in nearby buildings. Our empirical approach estimates treatment effects where treatment is continuous (number of wells) and varies in intensity (distance to the wells) and in duration of exposure (the time since wells were drilled). The approach allows any potential effect of fracking to vary non-linearly with the distance between the well and test site and, holding distance constant, the time between drilling and testing. Our main model gives a precisely estimated zero effect of wells on radon concentrations in nearby buildings. It also reveals that energy firms drilled wells in places with higher pre-existing radon levels, which, if ignored, makes it appear that wells within 2 km increase indoor radon but wells 3 km away do not. This explains the finding of a prior study showing a link between drilling and indoor radon.","PeriodicalId":340493,"journal":{"name":"Pollution eJournal","volume":"102 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132078662","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
We derive the optimal contributions to global climate policy when countries differ with respect to income level and pollution intensity. Countries growth rates are determined endogenously, and abatement efficiency is improved by technical progress. We show that country heterogeneity has a crucial impact on optimal policy contributions: more developed countries have to make a larger effort while less developed countries are allowed to graduate under a less stringent environmental regime. The optimal allocation of pollution permits depends on international trade. In the absence of international permit trade, more developed countries should receive more permits than the less developed countries but permit prices are higher in the rich countries. With international permit trade, more developed countries receive less permits than the less developed. When global distribution of physical capital is uneven and the aggregate pollution ceiling is low, poor countries receive all the permits and incomes do not converge, even with free trade.
{"title":"Optimal Carbon Policies in a Dynamic Heterogenous World","authors":"K. Borissov, L. Bretschger","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3264548","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3264548","url":null,"abstract":"We derive the optimal contributions to global climate policy when countries differ with respect to income level and pollution intensity. Countries growth rates are determined endogenously, and abatement efficiency is improved by technical progress. We show that country heterogeneity has a crucial impact on optimal policy contributions: more developed countries have to make a larger effort while less developed countries are allowed to graduate under a less stringent environmental regime. The optimal allocation of pollution permits depends on international trade. In the absence of international permit trade, more developed countries should receive more permits than the less developed countries but permit prices are higher in the rich countries. With international permit trade, more developed countries receive less permits than the less developed. When global distribution of physical capital is uneven and the aggregate pollution ceiling is low, poor countries receive all the permits and incomes do not converge, even with free trade.","PeriodicalId":340493,"journal":{"name":"Pollution eJournal","volume":"94 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116601923","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Olayinka, Wilson Nwankwo, T. C. Olayinka, Mo Osiele
Electronic dumping is a global challenge and fortunately majority of these wastes could be recycled can provide an economically viable and healthy environment as well as offer new insights on how potential sources of environmental hazards could be transformed into useful products. In this paper, we present data used during the creation of an automated power outlet system from electronic wastes. Automated power control and distribution systems are important in reducing the cost of energy utilization in homes, offices, and in industrial environment. Usually, as energy utilization increases, the costs increases. The need to prioritize and conserve scarce energy becomes imminent especially in low income earning environments. Often times, the cost of acquisition of such devices may be high. This paper reflects on how components extracted from electronic wastes could be harnessed to produce computer-controlled power outlet system.
{"title":"Implementing Automated Power Outlet Distribution Control System Using Electronic Wastes","authors":"A. Olayinka, Wilson Nwankwo, T. C. Olayinka, Mo Osiele","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3331507","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3331507","url":null,"abstract":"Electronic dumping is a global challenge and fortunately majority of these wastes could be recycled can provide an economically viable and healthy environment as well as offer new insights on how potential sources of environmental hazards could be transformed into useful products. In this paper, we present data used during the creation of an automated power outlet system from electronic wastes. Automated power control and distribution systems are important in reducing the cost of energy utilization in homes, offices, and in industrial environment. Usually, as energy utilization increases, the costs increases. The need to prioritize and conserve scarce energy becomes imminent especially in low income earning environments. Often times, the cost of acquisition of such devices may be high. This paper reflects on how components extracted from electronic wastes could be harnessed to produce computer-controlled power outlet system.","PeriodicalId":340493,"journal":{"name":"Pollution eJournal","volume":"57 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134011833","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
We study how countries’ financial structure affects their transition to low-carbon growth. Using global industry-level data, we document that carbon-intensive industries reduce emissions faster in economies with deeper stock markets. The main channel underpinning this stylised fact is that stock markets facilitate green innovation in carbon-intensive sectors, resulting in lower carbon emissions per unit of output. More tentative evidence indicates that stock markets also help to reallocate investment towards more energy-efficient sectors. Cross-border spill-overs are limited: less than five percent of these industry-level reductions in domestic emissions are offset by carbon embedded in imports. A firm-level analysis of an exogenous shock to the cost of equity in Belgium confirms our findings.
{"title":"Finance and Green Growth","authors":"R. de Haas, A. Popov","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3214528","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3214528","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 We study how countries’ financial structure affects their transition to low-carbon growth. Using global industry-level data, we document that carbon-intensive industries reduce emissions faster in economies with deeper stock markets. The main channel underpinning this stylised fact is that stock markets facilitate green innovation in carbon-intensive sectors, resulting in lower carbon emissions per unit of output. More tentative evidence indicates that stock markets also help to reallocate investment towards more energy-efficient sectors. Cross-border spill-overs are limited: less than five percent of these industry-level reductions in domestic emissions are offset by carbon embedded in imports. A firm-level analysis of an exogenous shock to the cost of equity in Belgium confirms our findings.","PeriodicalId":340493,"journal":{"name":"Pollution eJournal","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-07-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116835497","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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