Pub Date : 2025-08-01Epub Date: 2025-06-30DOI: 10.1016/j.radmp.2025.06.002
Xinyi Yang, Wentao Hu, Guangming Zhou
MicroRNAs (miRNAs), a class of non-coding RNA molecules, play key roles in post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression in various biological processes such as cell differentiation, stress responses, and disease progression. Recent studies have highlighted the mechanisms underlying the dynamic regulation of miRNAs in modulating cellular responses to radiation, along with their potential for clinical applications. Radiation exposure alters the expression of miRNAs, depending on radiation dose, radiation type, and cell specificity. In contrast, miRNAs affect cellular radiosensitivity and the repair of radiation-induced damage by regulating DNA repair, oxidative stress responses, cell cycle progression, and apoptosis pathways. In the context of radiotherapy, specific miRNAs can enhance tumor radiosensitivity or mediate radioresistance by targeting specific genes, serving as new targets for optimizing the efficacy of radiotherapy. In addition, miRNAs, combined with metabolomics and long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) analyses, hold multidimensional potential as biomarkers of radiation injury. However, it is necessary to address challenges posed by the multi-target nature, tissue specificity, and clinical translation bottlenecks of miRNAs using technologies such as single-cell sequencing and gene editing. This paper reviews the molecular mechanisms of miRNAs involved in radiation responses and aims to provide a theoretical basis and propose research directions to enhance the understanding of miRNAs in radiation biology and to promote their clinical applications.
{"title":"Advances in research on the molecular mechanisms of miRNAs in radiation responses","authors":"Xinyi Yang, Wentao Hu, Guangming Zhou","doi":"10.1016/j.radmp.2025.06.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.radmp.2025.06.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>MicroRNAs (miRNAs), a class of non-coding RNA molecules, play key roles in post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression in various biological processes such as cell differentiation, stress responses, and disease progression. Recent studies have highlighted the mechanisms underlying the dynamic regulation of miRNAs in modulating cellular responses to radiation, along with their potential for clinical applications. Radiation exposure alters the expression of miRNAs, depending on radiation dose, radiation type, and cell specificity. In contrast, miRNAs affect cellular radiosensitivity and the repair of radiation-induced damage by regulating DNA repair, oxidative stress responses, cell cycle progression, and apoptosis pathways. In the context of radiotherapy, specific miRNAs can enhance tumor radiosensitivity or mediate radioresistance by targeting specific genes, serving as new targets for optimizing the efficacy of radiotherapy. In addition, miRNAs, combined with metabolomics and long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) analyses, hold multidimensional potential as biomarkers of radiation injury. However, it is necessary to address challenges posed by the multi-target nature, tissue specificity, and clinical translation bottlenecks of miRNAs using technologies such as single-cell sequencing and gene editing. This paper reviews the molecular mechanisms of miRNAs involved in radiation responses and aims to provide a theoretical basis and propose research directions to enhance the understanding of miRNAs in radiation biology and to promote their clinical applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34051,"journal":{"name":"Radiation Medicine and Protection","volume":"6 4","pages":"Pages 196-204"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144896595","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-08-01Epub Date: 2025-07-17DOI: 10.1016/j.radmp.2025.07.001
Yanli Li , Lixing Wang , Xiao Sun , Zhiyun Wang , Feifei Xu , Hongying Wu , Bohai Lyu , Yiliang Li , Wenfeng Gou , Qian Zhao , Wenbin Hou
Objective
To investigate the protective effects of dihydromyricetin (DHM) against radiation-induced intestinal injury (RIII) and its underlying mechanism by both in vivo and in vitro experiments.
Methods
Sixty male mice were randomly divided into 6 groups: control group, whole-abdominal irradiation (WAI)+0.5% sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (CMCNa) group, WAI + DHM (50 mg/kg) group, WAI + DHM (100 mg/kg) group, WAI + DHM (200 mg/kg) group, and WAI + amifostine (100 mg/kg) group. An animal model of RIII was then established by administering 12 Gy abdominal local irradiation to all groups. The protective effects of DHM was evalauted by hematoxylin and eosin staining (HE), villin staining, and the FITC-dextran method. The in vitro radioprotective effects of DHM was further evaluated by colony formation assay. Flow cytometry was used to analyze cell cycle distribution, apoptosis, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels. Western blot assay was used to examine the expression of proteins related to apoptosis, ferroptosis, ROS, DNA damage, and autophagy. Additionally, immunofluorescence staining was performed to detect γ-H2AX foci formation as a marker of DNA double-strand breaks. Finally, the effect of DHM on colon cancer radiosensitivity was tested by in vitro and in vivo colony formation and tumor-bearing experiments.
Results
In the RIII model, DHM showed radioprotective effects by increasing colon length, ameliorating villus injury, promoting crypt cell proliferation, and mitigating mucosal barrier damage (P < 0.05). In vitro experiment indicated that DHM significantly reduced radiation-induced apoptosis (control: 4.27 ± 0.61, DHM: 3.46 ± 1.31, IR: 23.46 ± 0.89, IR + DHM: 12.47 ± 0.36, P < 0.001), ROS accumulation (P < 0.05), and DNA damage (P < 0.001). The radioprotective effects of DHM might be closely associated with autophagy regulation and Nrf2 pathway activation. Moreover, DHM showed antitumor activity against colon cancer cells without conferring radioprotective effects on them.
Conclusions
DHM can effectively alleviate RIII indicated by both in vivo and in vitro experiments, suggesting its potential to be used as a radioprotective agent.
{"title":"Effect and mechanism of dihydromyricetin protection against radiation-induced intestinal injury","authors":"Yanli Li , Lixing Wang , Xiao Sun , Zhiyun Wang , Feifei Xu , Hongying Wu , Bohai Lyu , Yiliang Li , Wenfeng Gou , Qian Zhao , Wenbin Hou","doi":"10.1016/j.radmp.2025.07.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.radmp.2025.07.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>To investigate the protective effects of dihydromyricetin (DHM) against radiation-induced intestinal injury (RIII) and its underlying mechanism by both <em>in vivo</em> and <em>in vitro</em> experiments.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Sixty male mice were randomly divided into 6 groups: control group, whole-abdominal irradiation (WAI)+0.5% sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (CMCNa) group, WAI + DHM (50 mg/kg) group, WAI + DHM (100 mg/kg) group, WAI + DHM (200 mg/kg) group, and WAI + amifostine (100 mg/kg) group. An animal model of RIII was then established by administering 12 Gy abdominal local irradiation to all groups. The protective effects of DHM was evalauted by hematoxylin and eosin staining (HE), villin staining, and the FITC-dextran method. The <em>in vitro</em> radioprotective effects of DHM was further evaluated by colony formation assay. Flow cytometry was used to analyze cell cycle distribution, apoptosis, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels. Western blot assay was used to examine the expression of proteins related to apoptosis, ferroptosis, ROS, DNA damage, and autophagy. Additionally, immunofluorescence staining was performed to detect γ-H2AX foci formation as a marker of DNA double-strand breaks. Finally, the effect of DHM on colon cancer radiosensitivity was tested by <em>in vitro</em> and <em>in vivo</em> colony formation and tumor-bearing experiments.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>In the RIII model, DHM showed radioprotective effects by increasing colon length, ameliorating villus injury, promoting crypt cell proliferation, and mitigating mucosal barrier damage (<em>P</em> < 0.05). <em>In vitro</em> experiment indicated that DHM significantly reduced radiation-induced apoptosis (control: 4.27 ± 0.61, DHM: 3.46 ± 1.31, IR: 23.46 ± 0.89, IR + DHM: 12.47 ± 0.36, <em>P</em> < 0.001), ROS accumulation (<em>P</em> < 0.05), and DNA damage (<em>P</em> < 0.001). The radioprotective effects of DHM might be closely associated with autophagy regulation and Nrf2 pathway activation. Moreover, DHM showed antitumor activity against colon cancer cells without conferring radioprotective effects on them.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>DHM can effectively alleviate RIII indicated by both <em>in vivo</em> and <em>in vitro</em> experiments, suggesting its potential to be used as a radioprotective agent.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34051,"journal":{"name":"Radiation Medicine and Protection","volume":"6 4","pages":"Pages 231-240"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144896600","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-08-01Epub Date: 2025-07-03DOI: 10.1016/j.radmp.2025.06.004
Wen Wei , Lei Li , Zhenzhen Liu , Xueqin Gao , Xueqing Wang , Jianrong Wang , Yixuan Fang , Na Yuan
Objective
To determine the role of the Beclin-1 (Becn1) protein in radiation-exposed mice.
Methods
A gene targeting strategy was employed to generate Becn1-floxed mice, which were then crossed with Ubc-iCre mice to create preconditional gene knockout mice (also referred to as Becn1f/f;Ubc-iCre mice). Then, tamoxifen (TMXF) induction was used to generate Becn1 knockout mice. Both Becn1 knockout and lethally irradiated mice were euthanized a day before their respective median survival time. Their organs and tissues including the heart, liver, spleen, lung, kidney, and intestine were collected for examination. Furthermore, the Becn1 knockout and lethally irradiated mice were compared through genetic, histological, and functional analyses.
Results
Mice subjected to systemic Becn1 gene knockout and those exposed to a lethal dose of γ-ray irradiation exhibited similar phenotypes, including reduced survival time (median survival: 8–9 d for KO vs. 8–11 d for irradiated), morphological and pathological changes in various tissues and organs, hematopoietic system disruptions, and DNA damage. Hematoxylin and eosin (H&E)-stained sections showed analogous pathological changes in both the Becn1 knockout and lethally irradiated mice, such as the disrupted splenic architecture with decreased white pulp, degenerating thymic follicles, significantly reduced nucleated cells within the femur, and extensively denuding intestinal villi. These mice demonstrated impaired proliferation and differentiation capacities of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs), presenting similar DNA damage indicators, such as heightened reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels and increased γ-H2AX expression in the bone marrow, heart, spleen, and thymus. Notably, the Becn1 protein in the mice underwent rapid degradation within 6 h after radiation exposure.
Conclusion
Whole-body biallelic deletion of Becn1 in adult mice mimics the effects of lethal radiation, indicating that Becn1 is a hyperradiosensitive protein.
{"title":"A Beclin1 knockout mouse model mimicking acute radiation syndrome","authors":"Wen Wei , Lei Li , Zhenzhen Liu , Xueqin Gao , Xueqing Wang , Jianrong Wang , Yixuan Fang , Na Yuan","doi":"10.1016/j.radmp.2025.06.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.radmp.2025.06.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>To determine the role of the Beclin-1 (Becn1) protein in radiation-exposed mice.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A gene targeting strategy was employed to generate Becn1-floxed mice, which were then crossed with Ubc-iCre mice to create preconditional gene knockout mice (also referred to as Becn1<sup>f/f</sup>;Ubc-iCre mice). Then, tamoxifen (TMXF) induction was used to generate Becn1 knockout mice. Both Becn1 knockout and lethally irradiated mice were euthanized a day before their respective median survival time. Their organs and tissues including the heart, liver, spleen, lung, kidney, and intestine were collected for examination. Furthermore, the Becn1 knockout and lethally irradiated mice were compared through genetic, histological, and functional analyses.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Mice subjected to systemic Becn1 gene knockout and those exposed to a lethal dose of γ-ray irradiation exhibited similar phenotypes, including reduced survival time (median survival: 8–9 d for KO <em>vs.</em> 8–11 d for irradiated), morphological and pathological changes in various tissues and organs, hematopoietic system disruptions, and DNA damage. Hematoxylin and eosin (H&E)-stained sections showed analogous pathological changes in both the Becn1 knockout and lethally irradiated mice, such as the disrupted splenic architecture with decreased white pulp, degenerating thymic follicles, significantly reduced nucleated cells within the femur, and extensively denuding intestinal villi. These mice demonstrated impaired proliferation and differentiation capacities of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs), presenting similar DNA damage indicators, such as heightened reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels and increased γ-H2AX expression in the bone marrow, heart, spleen, and thymus. Notably, the Becn1 protein in the mice underwent rapid degradation within 6 h after radiation exposure.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Whole-body biallelic deletion of Becn1 in adult mice mimics the effects of lethal radiation, indicating that Becn1 is a hyperradiosensitive protein.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34051,"journal":{"name":"Radiation Medicine and Protection","volume":"6 4","pages":"Pages 210-217"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144896597","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-06-01Epub Date: 2025-05-30DOI: 10.1016/j.radmp.2025.05.001
Radiation Oncology Physician Branch, Chinese Medical Doctor Association , Radiation Oncology Branch, Chinese Medical Association, Professional Commitee of Radiation Oncology, China Anti-Cancer Association, Expert Committee of Esophageal Cancer, Chinese Cancer Radiotherapy Alliance, Radiotherapy Sub-Committee, Professional Commitee of Elderly Oncology, Gerontological Society of China
Approximately 40% of esophageal cancer patients have metastatic disease at the time of initial diagnosis. Although immunotherapy has changed the treatment pattern of advanced, recurrent, or metastatic esophageal cancer, the options for systemic treatment for these patients are still limited, and the prognosis is poor. Oligometastasis is an intermediate stage between locoregional and widespread systemic metastasis. Some studies have shown that combining systemic treatment with local treatment, such as radiotherapy, may improve the survival of patients with oligometastasis in various solid tumors, including esophageal cancer. At present, there is still a lack of data support from large randomized clinical trials on the timing, dose, and technique of radiotherapy for oligometastatic esophageal cancer. Based on recent studies on oligometastatic esophageal cancer, this consensus was jointly developed after in-depth discussions and multiple revisions by experts from the following organizations: Radiation Oncology Treatment Physician Branch, Chinese Medical Doctor Association; Branch of Radiation Oncology Therapy, Chinese Medical Association; Professional Committee of Radiotherapy for Cancer, Chinese Anti-cancer Association; Expert Committee of Esophageal Cancer, Chinese Cancer Radiotherapy Alliance. This consensus provides a relatively clear definition and classification of oligometastatic esophageal cancer. It summarizes common problems in radiotherapy based on current medical evidence to provide reference and academic guidance for the clinical practice of radiotherapy for oligometastatic esophageal cancer.
{"title":"Expert consensus on radiotherapy for oligometastatic esophageal cancer (2025 edition)","authors":"Radiation Oncology Physician Branch, Chinese Medical Doctor Association , Radiation Oncology Branch, Chinese Medical Association, Professional Commitee of Radiation Oncology, China Anti-Cancer Association, Expert Committee of Esophageal Cancer, Chinese Cancer Radiotherapy Alliance, Radiotherapy Sub-Committee, Professional Commitee of Elderly Oncology, Gerontological Society of China","doi":"10.1016/j.radmp.2025.05.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.radmp.2025.05.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Approximately 40% of esophageal cancer patients have metastatic disease at the time of initial diagnosis. Although immunotherapy has changed the treatment pattern of advanced, recurrent, or metastatic esophageal cancer, the options for systemic treatment for these patients are still limited, and the prognosis is poor. Oligometastasis is an intermediate stage between locoregional and widespread systemic metastasis. Some studies have shown that combining systemic treatment with local treatment, such as radiotherapy, may improve the survival of patients with oligometastasis in various solid tumors, including esophageal cancer. At present, there is still a lack of data support from large randomized clinical trials on the timing, dose, and technique of radiotherapy for oligometastatic esophageal cancer. Based on recent studies on oligometastatic esophageal cancer, this consensus was jointly developed after in-depth discussions and multiple revisions by experts from the following organizations: Radiation Oncology Treatment Physician Branch, Chinese Medical Doctor Association; Branch of Radiation Oncology Therapy, Chinese Medical Association; Professional Committee of Radiotherapy for Cancer, Chinese Anti-cancer Association; Expert Committee of Esophageal Cancer, Chinese Cancer Radiotherapy Alliance. This consensus provides a relatively clear definition and classification of oligometastatic esophageal cancer. It summarizes common problems in radiotherapy based on current medical evidence to provide reference and academic guidance for the clinical practice of radiotherapy for oligometastatic esophageal cancer.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34051,"journal":{"name":"Radiation Medicine and Protection","volume":"6 3","pages":"Pages 119-131"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144480528","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-06-01Epub Date: 2025-05-06DOI: 10.1016/j.radmp.2025.04.004
Xiao Sun , Feifei Xu , Zhiyun Wang , Wenfeng Gou , Yanli Li , Hongying Wu , Yiliang Li , Wenbin Hou
<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>To investigate the potential protective effects of dihydromyricetin (DHM), a primary bioactive compound derived from <em>Ampelopsis grossedentata</em>, against radiation-induced hematopoietic damage.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>The <em>in virto</em> antioxidant capacity of DHM was evaluated using the 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2ʹ-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) assays. Survival rate and hematopoietic damage experiments were conducted on 130 mice. To assess the protective effects of DHM, a lethal dose of 7.5 Gy was delivered to 60 mice, and their 30-d survival rates were assessed and survival time were recorded. The mice were divided into 6 groups in survival analysis: DHM-only (200 mg/kg), IR, IR + low-dose DHM (50 mg/kg), IR + moderate-dose DHM (100 mg/kg), IR + high-dose DHM (200 mg/kg), and IR + amifostine (200 mg/kg). Subsequently, a hematopoietic injury model was established by subjecting 70 mice to whole-body irradiation (WBI) at a dose of 4 Gy. The mice were divided into 7 groups in the hematopoietic damage experiment: control, DHM-only (200 mg/kg), IR, IR + low-dose DHM (50 mg/kg), IR + moderate-dose DHM (100 mg/kg), IR + high-dose DHM (200 mg/kg), and IR + amifostine (200 mg/kg), with 10 mice in each group. The effects of DHM on body weights, blood routine indices, femoral nucleated cell counts, organ indices, and splenic nodules were analyzed. Using hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining, the effects of DHM on the spleen and bone marrow were examined. Furthermore, the antioxidant effects of DHM were evaluated by measuring biochemical markers including glutathione (GSH) and superoxide dismutase (SOD).</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>DHM exhibited strong <em>in vitro</em> antioxidant activity (92.17 % in the ABTS assay and 90.75% in the DPPH assay). It significantly improved both the survival time and rates of mice exposed to irradiation at a lethal dose (20% for the IR + low-dose DHM group, 40% for the IR + moderate-dose DHM group, and 50% for the IR + high-dose DHM group; <em>P</em> < 0.05). In the hematopoietic injury experiment, DHM greatly improved blood routine indices, including the white blood cell count and the lymphocyte percentage (<em>P</em> < 0.01). Moreover, DHM considerably increased organ indices, the number of splenic nodules, and the nucleated cell count in the femoral bone marrow. H&E staining revealed that DHM significantly alleviated radiation-induced damage to the spleen and bone marrow. Additionally, DHM treatment greatly enhanced the hepatic GSH and SOD levels of the irradiated mice, reaching 219.01 μmol/g prot and 199.53 U/mg prot, respectively (<em>P</em> < 0.05).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Owing to its free radical scavenging potential, DHM can enhance the survival rates of mice exposed to radiation at a lethal dose and mitigate radiation-induced damage to the he
{"title":"Protective effects of dihydromyricetin against radiation-induced injury to the hematopoietic system","authors":"Xiao Sun , Feifei Xu , Zhiyun Wang , Wenfeng Gou , Yanli Li , Hongying Wu , Yiliang Li , Wenbin Hou","doi":"10.1016/j.radmp.2025.04.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.radmp.2025.04.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>To investigate the potential protective effects of dihydromyricetin (DHM), a primary bioactive compound derived from <em>Ampelopsis grossedentata</em>, against radiation-induced hematopoietic damage.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>The <em>in virto</em> antioxidant capacity of DHM was evaluated using the 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2ʹ-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) assays. Survival rate and hematopoietic damage experiments were conducted on 130 mice. To assess the protective effects of DHM, a lethal dose of 7.5 Gy was delivered to 60 mice, and their 30-d survival rates were assessed and survival time were recorded. The mice were divided into 6 groups in survival analysis: DHM-only (200 mg/kg), IR, IR + low-dose DHM (50 mg/kg), IR + moderate-dose DHM (100 mg/kg), IR + high-dose DHM (200 mg/kg), and IR + amifostine (200 mg/kg). Subsequently, a hematopoietic injury model was established by subjecting 70 mice to whole-body irradiation (WBI) at a dose of 4 Gy. The mice were divided into 7 groups in the hematopoietic damage experiment: control, DHM-only (200 mg/kg), IR, IR + low-dose DHM (50 mg/kg), IR + moderate-dose DHM (100 mg/kg), IR + high-dose DHM (200 mg/kg), and IR + amifostine (200 mg/kg), with 10 mice in each group. The effects of DHM on body weights, blood routine indices, femoral nucleated cell counts, organ indices, and splenic nodules were analyzed. Using hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining, the effects of DHM on the spleen and bone marrow were examined. Furthermore, the antioxidant effects of DHM were evaluated by measuring biochemical markers including glutathione (GSH) and superoxide dismutase (SOD).</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>DHM exhibited strong <em>in vitro</em> antioxidant activity (92.17 % in the ABTS assay and 90.75% in the DPPH assay). It significantly improved both the survival time and rates of mice exposed to irradiation at a lethal dose (20% for the IR + low-dose DHM group, 40% for the IR + moderate-dose DHM group, and 50% for the IR + high-dose DHM group; <em>P</em> < 0.05). In the hematopoietic injury experiment, DHM greatly improved blood routine indices, including the white blood cell count and the lymphocyte percentage (<em>P</em> < 0.01). Moreover, DHM considerably increased organ indices, the number of splenic nodules, and the nucleated cell count in the femoral bone marrow. H&E staining revealed that DHM significantly alleviated radiation-induced damage to the spleen and bone marrow. Additionally, DHM treatment greatly enhanced the hepatic GSH and SOD levels of the irradiated mice, reaching 219.01 μmol/g prot and 199.53 U/mg prot, respectively (<em>P</em> < 0.05).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Owing to its free radical scavenging potential, DHM can enhance the survival rates of mice exposed to radiation at a lethal dose and mitigate radiation-induced damage to the he","PeriodicalId":34051,"journal":{"name":"Radiation Medicine and Protection","volume":"6 3","pages":"Pages 147-155"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144480532","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-06-01Epub Date: 2025-04-25DOI: 10.1016/j.radmp.2025.04.002
Hongtao Chen, Lijun Wang, Zhuangling Li, Shihai Wu, Zihuang Li
Objective
To assess the dosimetric performance of HyperArc and volumetric modulated arc radiotherapy (VMAT) techniques, using either full or ipsilateral arcs, for the radiotherapy of unilateral temporal lobe tumor, in order to quantify and analyze differences among these planning approaches using various dosimetric parameters.
Methods
This retrospective study reviewed 30 patients with unilateral temporal lobe tumors treated with radiotherapy in the Department of Radiation Oncology, Shenzhen People's Hospital from August 2020 to December 2023. Using the Eclipse treatment plan system with the Truebeam machine model, HyperArc and VMAT plans were designed with full or ipsilateral arcs, respectively Dosimetric parameters for the planning target volume (PTV) and organs at risk (OARs) were computed and analyzed. Additionally, the monitor units (MU) of four types of plans were calculated for consideration of rays utilization and delivery efficiency.
Results
HyperArc demonstrated superior dosimetric performance for PTV and OARs compared to VMAT (P < 0.05), with exceptions noted for the low dose volume (V5 Gy) of the healthy brain and mean dose of ipsilateral cochlea. Ipsilateral arcs and full arcs showed similar efficacy in sparing OARs adjacent to PTV. Furthermore, full arcs improved PTV conformity compared with ipsilateral arcs (P < 0.05), while ipsilateral arcs reduced the dose to contralateral OARs, mean dose and the middle-to-low dose volume of the healthy brain (P < 0.05). Regarding MU, HyperArc (full) plans exhibited the minimum values among the four plan types, with overall MU for HyperArc plans being less than those for VMAT.
Conclusions
This study not only highlights the outstanding performance of the HyperArc technique with respect to VMAT but also underscores the advantages of employing ipsilateral arcs over full arcs in the radiotherapy of unilateral temporal lobe tumor. Additionally, the HyperArc technique demonstrated higher efficiency of ray utilization and delivery. The findings of this study can aid in selecting appropriate techniques and guiding arcs arrangements for the radiotherapy of unilateral temporal lobe tumor.
{"title":"Dosimetric performance of HyperArc and VMAT techniques using full or ipsilateral arcs for unilateral temporal lobe tumor radiotherapy","authors":"Hongtao Chen, Lijun Wang, Zhuangling Li, Shihai Wu, Zihuang Li","doi":"10.1016/j.radmp.2025.04.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.radmp.2025.04.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>To assess the dosimetric performance of HyperArc and volumetric modulated arc radiotherapy (VMAT) techniques, using either full or ipsilateral arcs, for the radiotherapy of unilateral temporal lobe tumor, in order to quantify and analyze differences among these planning approaches using various dosimetric parameters.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>This retrospective study reviewed 30 patients with unilateral temporal lobe tumors treated with radiotherapy in the Department of Radiation Oncology, Shenzhen People's Hospital from August 2020 to December 2023. Using the Eclipse treatment plan system with the Truebeam machine model, HyperArc and VMAT plans were designed with full or ipsilateral arcs, respectively Dosimetric parameters for the planning target volume (PTV) and organs at risk (OARs) were computed and analyzed. Additionally, the monitor units (MU) of four types of plans were calculated for consideration of rays utilization and delivery efficiency.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>HyperArc demonstrated superior dosimetric performance for PTV and OARs compared to VMAT (<em>P</em> < 0.05), with exceptions noted for the low dose volume (<em>V</em><sub>5 Gy</sub>) of the healthy brain and mean dose of ipsilateral cochlea. Ipsilateral arcs and full arcs showed similar efficacy in sparing OARs adjacent to PTV. Furthermore, full arcs improved PTV conformity compared with ipsilateral arcs (<em>P</em> < 0.05), while ipsilateral arcs reduced the dose to contralateral OARs, mean dose and the middle-to-low dose volume of the healthy brain (<em>P</em> < 0.05). Regarding MU, HyperArc (full) plans exhibited the minimum values among the four plan types, with overall MU for HyperArc plans being less than those for VMAT.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>This study not only highlights the outstanding performance of the HyperArc technique with respect to VMAT but also underscores the advantages of employing ipsilateral arcs over full arcs in the radiotherapy of unilateral temporal lobe tumor. Additionally, the HyperArc technique demonstrated higher efficiency of ray utilization and delivery. The findings of this study can aid in selecting appropriate techniques and guiding arcs arrangements for the radiotherapy of unilateral temporal lobe tumor.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34051,"journal":{"name":"Radiation Medicine and Protection","volume":"6 3","pages":"Pages 163-168"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144482399","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-06-01Epub Date: 2025-05-02DOI: 10.1016/j.radmp.2025.04.006
Yan Zhang , Qibin Fu , Xiaorui Huang , Tuchen Huang
Objective
To systematically review the relevant literature on the effects of photons on the invasion and migration of lung cancer cells through a meta-analysis, in order to quantitatively evaluate the effects of radiation-related factors and cellular biological factors on the invasion and migration responses.
Methods
The type of radiation, energy, dose, and subtype of lung cancer cells were recorded, as well as biological endpoints, such as invasion and migration. Quantitative comparisons of various studies were conducted through the inclusion of effect size (ES) indicators. The influence of various physical and biological factors on the response to radiation-induced metastasis was clarified by subgroup analysis and One-way analysis of variance.
Results
In terms of radiation types, the promotion effect induced by γ-rays can reach as high as 90%, while X-rays exhibited both promotion (33%) and inhibition effects (55%). For X-rays, the probability of inhibition gradually increased with the increase in dose, ranging from 10% at low doses (0< D ≤ 0.5 Gy), to 52% at medium doses (0.5 Gy < D ≤ 6 Gy), and to 70% at high doses (6 Gy < D < 20 Gy). Additionally, from low energy (100–250 kV) to high energy (4–10 MV), the inhibition rate decreased from 58% to 48%, while the probability of promotion slightly increased from 27% to 31%. Low-energy X-rays with high linear energy transfer (LET) and high relative biological effectiveness (RBE) exhibited a higher proportion of their inhibitory effect than high-energy X-rays.
Conclusion
The γ-rays exhibited more consistent effects than X-rays, especially the promoting effects. However, X-rays showed diverse effects, such as inhibitory effects and promoting effects. Furthermore, for X-rays, the probability of inhibition was related to the dose and energy. These research findings indicated that the quantities related to radiation type, energy and dose, such as LET and RBE, may play a significant role in influencing the different responses of lung cancer cells to photons. This work can enhance the understanding of the impact of photons on cancer metastasis.
{"title":"A meta-analysis of the diverse invasion and migration responses of lung cancer cells to photon irradiation","authors":"Yan Zhang , Qibin Fu , Xiaorui Huang , Tuchen Huang","doi":"10.1016/j.radmp.2025.04.006","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.radmp.2025.04.006","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>To systematically review the relevant literature on the effects of photons on the invasion and migration of lung cancer cells through a meta-analysis, in order to quantitatively evaluate the effects of radiation-related factors and cellular biological factors on the invasion and migration responses.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>The type of radiation, energy, dose, and subtype of lung cancer cells were recorded, as well as biological endpoints, such as invasion and migration. Quantitative comparisons of various studies were conducted through the inclusion of effect size (ES) indicators. The influence of various physical and biological factors on the response to radiation-induced metastasis was clarified by subgroup analysis and One-way analysis of variance.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>In terms of radiation types, the promotion effect induced by γ-rays can reach as high as 90%, while X-rays exhibited both promotion (33%) and inhibition effects (55%). For X-rays, the probability of inhibition gradually increased with the increase in dose, ranging from 10% at low doses (0< <em>D</em> ≤ 0.5 Gy), to 52% at medium doses (0.5 Gy < <em>D</em> ≤ 6 Gy), and to 70% at high doses (6 Gy < <em>D</em> < 20 Gy). Additionally, from low energy (100–250 kV) to high energy (4–10 MV), the inhibition rate decreased from 58% to 48%, while the probability of promotion slightly increased from 27% to 31%. Low-energy X-rays with high linear energy transfer (LET) and high relative biological effectiveness (RBE) exhibited a higher proportion of their inhibitory effect than high-energy X-rays.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>The γ-rays exhibited more consistent effects than X-rays, especially the promoting effects. However, X-rays showed diverse effects, such as inhibitory effects and promoting effects. Furthermore, for X-rays, the probability of inhibition was related to the dose and energy. These research findings indicated that the quantities related to radiation type, energy and dose, such as LET and RBE, may play a significant role in influencing the different responses of lung cancer cells to photons. This work can enhance the understanding of the impact of photons on cancer metastasis.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34051,"journal":{"name":"Radiation Medicine and Protection","volume":"6 3","pages":"Pages 156-162"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144482398","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-06-01Epub Date: 2025-05-23DOI: 10.1016/j.radmp.2025.05.002
Haiying Wang, Weijin Zou, Yi Cao
Cellular responses to radiation exposure involve complex and dynamic signaling networks that coordinately regulate cell fate. Senescent cells exhibit irreversible growth arrest and functional alterations, while adaptive response confers cellular protection against subsequent radiation insults. The intricate interplay between the two processes influences radiation resistance and genomic stability, with implications for understanding molecular mechanisms of radiotherapy and cellular stress responses. This review systematically investigates the molecular triggers and signaling pathways underlying radiation-induced cellular senescence and adaptive response, and elucidates the molecular interactions between these phenomena. The findings have significant implications for understanding of cellular stress responses, optimizing radiotherapy protocols, and mitigating radiation-induced cellular dysfunction.
{"title":"Radiation-induced cellular senescence and adaptive response: mechanistic interplay and implications","authors":"Haiying Wang, Weijin Zou, Yi Cao","doi":"10.1016/j.radmp.2025.05.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.radmp.2025.05.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Cellular responses to radiation exposure involve complex and dynamic signaling networks that coordinately regulate cell fate. Senescent cells exhibit irreversible growth arrest and functional alterations, while adaptive response confers cellular protection against subsequent radiation insults. The intricate interplay between the two processes influences radiation resistance and genomic stability, with implications for understanding molecular mechanisms of radiotherapy and cellular stress responses. This review systematically investigates the molecular triggers and signaling pathways underlying radiation-induced cellular senescence and adaptive response, and elucidates the molecular interactions between these phenomena. The findings have significant implications for understanding of cellular stress responses, optimizing radiotherapy protocols, and mitigating radiation-induced cellular dysfunction.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34051,"journal":{"name":"Radiation Medicine and Protection","volume":"6 3","pages":"Pages 132-139"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144480529","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-06-01Epub Date: 2025-04-16DOI: 10.1016/j.radmp.2025.04.001
Jie Chen , Lou Liu , Yi Fu, Lu Zhang, Shuyue Li, Juying Zhou, Chenying Ma
Objective
To predict the recurrence risk of cervical cancer after radiotherapy using multi-sequence magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) radiomics.
Methods
A total of 90 cervical cancer patients treated in the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University from January 2018 to January 2023 were enrolled in this retrospective study, comprising 29 cases with recurrence and 61 cases without recurrence. The cohort was divided into a training set of 60 cases and a test set of 30 cases. Tumor regions of interest (ROI) were delineated using MRI radiomics scans before and after treatment, and image features were extracted to build predictive models. Ten models were used to predict recurrence risk in the test set, named as combined model T1-weighted imaging (T1WI) sequence, combined model fast gradient-recalled echo (FGRE) sequence, combined model T2 fat suppression sequence, combined model-epi sequence, FGRE sequence-T1WI sequence model, FGRE sequence-T2 fat suppression sequence, FGRE sequence-epi sequence model, T2 fat suppression sequence-T1WI sequence model, T2 fat suppression sequence-epi sequence model and the combined multi-sequence model.
Results
In the training set, compared with the combined multi-sequence model, the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves of the T1WI sequence, FGRE sequence, and T2 fat suppression sequence combined with the T1WI sequence model were significantly different (Z = 2.25, 2.66,2.54, P < 0.05). In the test set, the ROC curve of the T1WI sequence model also showed a statistically significant difference from the combined model (Z = 2.21, P < 0.05). The T1WI sequence, FGRE sequence, T2 fat suppression sequence, EPI sequence, and the combined model were all effective in predicting post-radiotherapy cervical cancer recurrence [area under curve (AUC) = 0.731, 0.705, 0.823, 0.754, 0.871, P < 0.05]. Compared with the single-sequence models, the combined multi-sequence model showed the highest AUC value, accuracy, and precision in the ROC curve (AUC = 0.854, P < 0.05).
Conclusion
Multi-sequence MRI radiomics could effectively predict the risk of cervical cancer recurrence after radiotherapy, and the combined multi-sequence model demonstrates enhanced predictive performance.
目的应用多序列磁共振成像（MRI）放射组学技术预测宫颈癌放疗后复发风险。方法回顾性分析2018年1月至2023年1月苏州大学第一附属医院收治的90例宫颈癌患者，其中复发29例，未复发61例。该队列分为训练组60例和测试组30例。在治疗前后使用MRI放射组学扫描描绘肿瘤感兴趣区域（ROI），并提取图像特征以建立预测模型。使用10个模型预测测试集中的复发风险，分别为组合模型t1加权成像（T1WI）序列、组合模型快速梯度回忆回波（FGRE）序列、组合模型T2脂肪抑制序列、组合模型-epi序列、FGRE序列-T1WI序列模型、FGRE序列-T2脂肪抑制序列、FGRE序列-epi序列模型、T2脂肪抑制序列-T1WI序列模型。T2脂肪抑制序列-epi序列模型及多序列组合模型。结果在训练集中，与多序列联合模型相比，T1WI序列、FGRE序列和T2脂肪抑制序列与T1WI序列模型联合的受试者工作特征（ROC）曲线差异有统计学意义(Z = 2.25、2.66、2.54,P <；0.05)。在检验集中，T1WI序列模型的ROC曲线与组合模型的差异也有统计学意义(Z = 2.21, P <；0.05)。T1WI序列、FGRE序列、T2脂肪抑制序列、EPI序列及联合模型预测放疗后宫颈癌复发均有效[曲线下面积(AUC) = 0.731、0.705、0.823、0.754、0.871,P <；0.05]。与单序列模型相比，多序列组合模型在ROC曲线上的AUC值、准确度和精密度最高(AUC = 0.854, P <；0.05)。结论多序列MRI放射组学可有效预测宫颈癌放疗后复发风险，多序列联合模型预测效果更佳。
{"title":"Prediction of recurrence risk of cervical cancer after radiotherapy using multi-sequence MRI radiomics","authors":"Jie Chen , Lou Liu , Yi Fu, Lu Zhang, Shuyue Li, Juying Zhou, Chenying Ma","doi":"10.1016/j.radmp.2025.04.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.radmp.2025.04.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>To predict the recurrence risk of cervical cancer after radiotherapy using multi-sequence magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) radiomics.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A total of 90 cervical cancer patients treated in the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University from January 2018 to January 2023 were enrolled in this retrospective study, comprising 29 cases with recurrence and 61 cases without recurrence. The cohort was divided into a training set of 60 cases and a test set of 30 cases. Tumor regions of interest (ROI) were delineated using MRI radiomics scans before and after treatment, and image features were extracted to build predictive models. Ten models were used to predict recurrence risk in the test set, named as combined model T1-weighted imaging (T1WI) sequence, combined model fast gradient-recalled echo (FGRE) sequence, combined model T2 fat suppression sequence, combined model-epi sequence, FGRE sequence-T1WI sequence model, FGRE sequence-T2 fat suppression sequence, FGRE sequence-epi sequence model, T2 fat suppression sequence-T1WI sequence model, T2 fat suppression sequence-epi sequence model and the combined multi-sequence model.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>In the training set, compared with the combined multi-sequence model, the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves of the T1WI sequence, FGRE sequence, and T2 fat suppression sequence combined with the T1WI sequence model were significantly different (<em>Z</em> = 2.25, 2.66,2.54, <em>P</em> < 0.05). In the test set, the ROC curve of the T1WI sequence model also showed a statistically significant difference from the combined model (<em>Z</em> = 2.21, <em>P</em> < 0.05). The T1WI sequence, FGRE sequence, T2 fat suppression sequence, EPI sequence, and the combined model were all effective in predicting post-radiotherapy cervical cancer recurrence [area under curve (AUC) = 0.731, 0.705, 0.823, 0.754, 0.871, <em>P</em> < 0.05]. Compared with the single-sequence models, the combined multi-sequence model showed the highest AUC value, accuracy, and precision in the ROC curve (AUC = 0.854, <em>P</em> < 0.05).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Multi-sequence MRI radiomics could effectively predict the risk of cervical cancer recurrence after radiotherapy, and the combined multi-sequence model demonstrates enhanced predictive performance.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34051,"journal":{"name":"Radiation Medicine and Protection","volume":"6 3","pages":"Pages 169-174"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144482400","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
To perform a comprehensive physical-level assessment of 13 contrast agents, including those with potential applications in CT imaging, focusing on their radiation shielding characteristics and transport behaviors—such as energy deposition, collision frequency, and attenuation performance—under low-energy X-ray conditions.
Methods
A dual-method framework was adopted. Geant4 Monte Carlo simulations were used to construct an X-ray tube model and simulate contrast agent interactions in a breast-equivalent water phantom, enabling analysis of microscopic radiation transport parameters including energy deposition, track length, and collision frequency. In parallel, Phy-X/PSD software was used to calculate macroscopic attenuation indices, including the linear attenuation coefficient (LAC), mass attenuation coefficient (MAC), mean free path (MFP), half-value layer (HVL), and exposure buildup factor (EBF), over a wide photon energy range.
Results
The study revealed a strong consistency between radiation shielding metrics and transport characteristics across the same energy ranges. For instance, iothalamate meglumine exhibited the highest energy deposition (0.085 60 MeV), shortest MFP (1.13 cm), and highest collision frequency (5.24 × 108), indicating excellent attenuation potential in the low-energy CT range. Gadolinium- and iron-based agents, while traditionally used in MR imaging, showed distinctive and stable transport behavior at medium-to-high energies, suggesting promising utility in CT or dual-modality applications.
Conclusions
These findings highlight the importance of integrating microscopic transport analysis with macroscopic shielding evaluation to fully characterize contrast agent performance. The study provides a validated theoretical foundation for contrast agent screening and optimization in X-ray imaging, and supports future research into clinical applicability and biological safety of emerging contrast materials.
{"title":"Comprehensive physical evaluation of potential CT contrast agents: Integrating Monte Carlo transport simulation and radiation shielding Analysis","authors":"Yadong Zhang, Jinjia Cao, Yulong Zhang, Xiaochang Zheng, Wei Chen, Yanjun Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.radmp.2025.04.005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.radmp.2025.04.005","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>To perform a comprehensive physical-level assessment of 13 contrast agents, including those with potential applications in CT imaging, focusing on their radiation shielding characteristics and transport behaviors—such as energy deposition, collision frequency, and attenuation performance—under low-energy X-ray conditions.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A dual-method framework was adopted. Geant4 Monte Carlo simulations were used to construct an X-ray tube model and simulate contrast agent interactions in a breast-equivalent water phantom, enabling analysis of microscopic radiation transport parameters including energy deposition, track length, and collision frequency. In parallel, Phy-X/PSD software was used to calculate macroscopic attenuation indices, including the linear attenuation coefficient (LAC), mass attenuation coefficient (MAC), mean free path (MFP), half-value layer (HVL), and exposure buildup factor (EBF), over a wide photon energy range.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The study revealed a strong consistency between radiation shielding metrics and transport characteristics across the same energy ranges. For instance, iothalamate meglumine exhibited the highest energy deposition (0.085 60 MeV), shortest MFP (1.13 cm), and highest collision frequency (5.24 × 10<sup>8</sup>), indicating excellent attenuation potential in the low-energy CT range. Gadolinium- and iron-based agents, while traditionally used in MR imaging, showed distinctive and stable transport behavior at medium-to-high energies, suggesting promising utility in CT or dual-modality applications.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>These findings highlight the importance of integrating microscopic transport analysis with macroscopic shielding evaluation to fully characterize contrast agent performance. The study provides a validated theoretical foundation for contrast agent screening and optimization in X-ray imaging, and supports future research into clinical applicability and biological safety of emerging contrast materials.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34051,"journal":{"name":"Radiation Medicine and Protection","volume":"6 3","pages":"Pages 175-182"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144480527","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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