Radiation Medicine and Protection最新文献_第2页

Assessing dosimetric performance of HyperArc for thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy radiotherapy 评估HyperArc在甲状腺相关眼病放疗中的剂量学性能

Q1 Health Professions

Radiation Medicine and Protection

Pub Date : 2025-10-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.radmp.2025.09.008

Hongtao Chen, Heli Zhong, Juan Fan, Ding Zhang, Hongli Yang

Objective

To assess the dosimetric performance of HyperArc in comparison with coplanar volumetric modulated arc therapy (c-VMAT) and non-coplanar VMAT (nc-VMAT) in the radiotherapy of thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy (TAO).

Methods

This retrospective study involved 10 patients with TAO who received radiotherapy at our center from December 2021 to December 2023. A single qualified physicist generated treatment plans using c-VMAT, nc-VMAT, and HyperArc techniques on the TrueBeam machine with the Eclipse treatment planning system. We compared the dosimetric parameters for target volumes and organs at risk (OARs) among these planning approaches. Monitor units (MUs) were also evaluated to assess beam efficiency and delivery effectiveness for each plan type.

Results

Compared to c-VMAT and nc-VMAT plans, HyperArc plans achieved the highest conformity index (CI), with increases of 3.35% (t = 3.84, P = 0.004) and 4.05% (t = 5.01, P = 0.001), respectively. They also achieved the lowest gradient index (GI), with decreases of 29.41% (t = −10.41, P < 0.001) and 25.11% (t = −5.55, P < 0.001), respectively, and the lowest R₅₀_%, with decreases of 31.69% (t = −11.74, P < 0.001) and 28.01% (t = −5.50, P < 0.001), respectively. In terms of the dosimetric parameters of OARs, HyperArc plans produced the best results among the three types of plans. Furthermore, HyperArc plans reduced MUs by 31.39% (t = −8.59, P < 0.001) and 20.60% (t = −2.70, P = 0.024) compared to c-VMAT and nc-VMAT plans, respectively.

Conclusions

This study compared c-VMAT, nc-VMAT, and HyperArc for the radiotherapy of TAO and demonstrated the superior dosimetric performance of HyperArc. HyperArc provided better dose conformity for targets, sharper dose falloff outside targets, more effective sparing of OARs, and more efficient utilization and delivery of rays.

目的评价HyperArc与共面体积调节电弧治疗（c-VMAT）和非共面体积调节电弧治疗（nc-VMAT）在甲状腺相关性眼病（TAO）放疗中的剂量学性能。方法回顾性研究于2021年12月至2023年12月在我中心接受放疗的10例TAO患者。一位合格的物理学家在TrueBeam机器上使用c-VMAT、nc-VMAT和HyperArc技术与Eclipse治疗计划系统生成治疗计划。我们比较了这些规划方法中靶体积和危险器官（OARs）的剂量学参数。还对监测单元（MUs）进行了评估，以评估每种计划类型的光束效率和输送效果。结果与c-VMAT和nc-VMAT方案相比，HyperArc方案的符合性指数（CI）最高，分别提高了3.35% （t = 3.84, P = 0.004）和4.05% （t = 5.01, P = 0.001）。梯度指数（GI）最低，分别下降29.41% （t = - 10.41, P < 0.001）和25.11% (t = - 5.55, P < 0.001)， R50%最低，分别下降31.69% （t = - 11.74, P < 0.001）和28.01% （t = - 5.50, P < 0.001）。就OARs的剂量学参数而言，HyperArc方案在三种方案中效果最好。此外，与c-VMAT和nc-VMAT计划相比，HyperArc计划分别减少了31.39% （t =−8.59,P < 0.001）和20.60% （t =−2.70,P = 0.024）的MUs。结论本研究比较了c-VMAT、nc-VMAT和HyperArc在TAO放射治疗中的应用，证实了HyperArc在剂量学上的优势。HyperArc为靶提供了更好的剂量一致性，靶外的剂量衰减更明显，更有效地保留桨，更有效地利用和传递射线。

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引用次数: 0

Radiation dose reduction in abdominopelvic CT using BMI specific low kV protocol 使用BMI特异性低千伏方案降低腹部骨盆CT的辐射剂量

Q1 Health Professions

Radiation Medicine and Protection

Pub Date : 2025-10-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.radmp.2025.09.006

Nitika C. Panakkal , Rajagopal Kadavigere , Suresh Sukumar , N. Ravishankar

Objective

To evaluate the impact of a body mass index (BMI)-adjusted low kV protocol on radiation dose reduction and image quality in contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CECT) scans of abdomen and pelvis.

Methods

Among the patients referred for CECT abdomen and pelvis scans, 120 were scanned using the standard protocol at 120 kV, whereas 96 were scanned according to a BMI-specific low radiation dose protocol. Patients were categorized into 3 BMI groups, low BMI (<18.5 kg/m²) scanned at 80 kV, and normal BMI (18.5–24.9 kg/m²) and high BMI (25–29.9 kg/m²) at 100 kV. Effective dose (E) was recorded for each group. Image quality was assessed in the arterial and portal venous series. Quantitative image quality analysis was performed to estimate the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), contrast to noise ratio (CNR), contrast enhancement index (CEI) and image noise. Qualitative analysis was independently assessed using a 5-point scale.

Results

The study reported higher radiation doses with higher BMI, however, low dose protocol achieved significant reduction in radiation dose across all BMI groups, low BMI, (21 ± 2) vs (10.0 ± 1.7) mSv (P < 0.05); normal BMI, (22.0 ± 2.3) vs (14.0 ± 1.3) mSv (P < 0.05); high BMI, (25.0 ± 2.8) vs (17.0 ± 1.8) mSv (P < 0.05), for the standard and low dose protocols, respectively. Low dose protocols reported to have a higher image noise and CEI, lower SNR and comparable CNR across BMI groups in both arterial and portal venous series. Qualitative scores remain within acceptable diagnostic limits across BMI groups.

Conclusion

The BMI-specific low-kV CT protocols significantly reduced the radiation dose across all BMI groups while maintaining acceptable diagnostic image quality, suggesting that tailored low dose scanning may be feasible for clinical use.

目的评价体重指数（BMI）调整后的低千伏方案对腹部和骨盆对比增强计算机断层扫描（CECT）辐射剂量降低和图像质量的影响。方法在接受CECT腹部和骨盆扫描的患者中，120例采用120kv标准方案扫描，96例采用bmi特异性低辐射剂量方案扫描。将患者分为3组，低BMI组（<18.5 kg/m2）在80 kV扫描，正常BMI组（18.5 - 24.9 kg/m2）和高BMI组（25-29.9 kg/m2）在100 kV扫描。记录各组有效剂量(E)。在动脉和门静脉系列中评估图像质量。定量分析图像质量，估计信噪比（SNR）、噪声对比比（CNR）、对比度增强指数（CEI）和图像噪声。定性分析采用5分制独立评估。结果研究报告BMI越高，辐射剂量越高，而低剂量方案在所有BMI组中均能显著降低辐射剂量，低BMI组（21±2）vs(10.0±1.7)mSv (P < 0.05)；正常体重指数,(22.0±2.3)和(14.0±1.3)mSv (P & lt; 0.05);高BMI，标准和低剂量方案分别为（25.0±2.8）vs(17.0±1.8)mSv （P < 0.05）。据报道，低剂量方案在动脉和门静脉系列的BMI组中具有较高的图像噪声和CEI，较低的信噪比和可比的CNR。在BMI组中，定性评分仍在可接受的诊断范围内。结论BMI特异性低千伏CT方案在保持可接受的诊断图像质量的同时显著降低了所有BMI组的辐射剂量，表明定制的低剂量扫描在临床应用中是可行的。

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引用次数: 0

X-ray beam collimation in radiography: a study of compliance among radiographers 放射照相术中x射线束准直：放射技师依从性的研究

Q1 Health Professions

Radiation Medicine and Protection

Pub Date : 2025-10-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.radmp.2025.09.003

Islam Kleib , Maram Alakhras , Alaa Oteir , Dana S. Al-Mousa

Objective

To assess collimation practices and quantify the irradiated area outside the area of diagnostic interest (ADI).

Methods

1503 radiographs (627 females and 876 males) of seven body regions for patients with age groups (≤1 year, 1–12 years, 13–17 years, 18–65 years, ≥65 years) from three major (A. governmental, B. university affiliated, and C. private) hospitals in northern Jordan were included. For each radiograph, the length and width of the irradiated area and of the ADI were measured. Then the ratio factors (RF), the irradiated area outside ADI, and the percentage of irradiated area outside ADI were calculated. Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney-U tests were used to examine the differences in ADI, the irradiated area outside ADI and RF according to age and gender. A regression analysis identified variables associated with RF and irradiated area outside ADI and its percentage.

Results

The RF ranged from 1.7 to 3.5. Patients aged ≤1 year exhibited significantly higher irradiated area outside ADI (722.1 cm²), RF (3.7), and the percentage of irradiated area outside the ADI (72.7%) compared to other age groups (P < 0.001). The actual collimation, area of ADI, and the irradiated area outside the ADI were significantly higher in males than those in females (P < 0.001). Hospital A had a significantly higher irradiated area outside the ADI (871.4 cm²), RF (3.1), and percentage of irradiated area outside the ADI (67.2%) than other hospitals (P < 0.001), which can be due to high patient volume in governmental hospitals and less time to pay attention to patient protection.

Conclusions

This study found inadequate X-ray beam collimation practice among radiographers in all participating hospitals, the radiation fields were at least two times larger than the ADI. This raises the importance of educating radiographers on collimation techniques and ensuring that all hospitals adhere to standardized collimation practices.

目的评价准直做法，量化诊断感兴趣区（ADI）外的辐照面积。方法选取约旦北部三家主要医院（A.公立医院、B.大学附属医院、C.私立医院）7个身体部位的1503张x线片（女性627张，男性876张），患者年龄分别为≤1岁、1 - 12岁、13-17岁、18-65岁、≥65岁。对于每张x线片，测量照射区域和ADI的长度和宽度。然后计算比值因子（RF）、ADI外照射面积和ADI外照射面积的百分比。采用Kruskal-Wallis和Mann-Whitney-U检验检查ADI、ADI外辐照面积和RF的年龄和性别差异。回归分析确定了RF和ADI外辐照面积及其百分比相关的变量。结果RF值在1.7 ~ 3.5之间。与其他年龄组相比，年龄≤1岁的患者在ADI外的辐照面积（722.1 cm2）、RF（3.7）和ADI外的辐照面积百分比（72.7%）均显著高于其他年龄组（P < 0.001）。男性的实际准直、ADI面积和ADI外的辐照面积均显著高于女性（P < 0.001）。A医院的辐照区外照射面积（871.4 cm2）、RF（3.1）和辐照区外照射面积百分比（67.2%）明显高于其他医院（P < 0.001），这可能是由于公立医院患者数量多，对患者保护的关注时间较少。结论本研究发现所有参与医院的放射技师x射线束准直实践不足，辐射场至少大于ADI的两倍。这提高了对放射技师进行准直技术教育的重要性，并确保所有医院都遵守标准化的准直实践。

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引用次数: 0

Machine learning application in NaI(Tl) gamma-ray spectroscopy for radionuclide identification: A systematic review 机器学习在放射性核素鉴定的NaI(Tl) γ射线光谱中的应用：系统综述

Q1 Health Professions

Radiation Medicine and Protection

Pub Date : 2025-10-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.radmp.2025.09.009

Yuan Sun , Fei Tuo , Wuhui Lin , Qiang Zhou , Baolu Yang

Radionuclide identification using NaI(Tl) gamma-ray spectroscopy is critical in nuclear security, environmental monitoring, and medicine. While cost-effective and efficient, NaI(Tl) detectors are limited by low energy resolution, spectral noise, and environmental variability. This systematic review evaluates how machine learning (ML) advancements address these limitations. Our analysis reveals that deep learning models—particularly convolutional neural networks (CNNs), hybrid architectures, and other advanced Deep Networks—excel in analyzing low-resolution spectra, achieving over 95% accuracy even under complex conditions (e.g., shielding effects, low-count spectra). Hybrid models which integrate CNNs with traditional algorithms demonstrate superior robustness and explainability. Nevertheless, traditional ML methods (e.g., SVMs) remain valuable for limited datasets or real-time applications. Despite these methodological advances, the field continues to face overarching challenges including data scarcity, model generalization, and explainability, necessitating standardized datasets and physics-informed ML frameworks. ML bridges the performance gap between NaI(Tl) and high-resolution detectors, enabling portable, automated solutions. Future research should prioritize hybrid models, dataset standardization, and optimization for field deployment, enhancing nuclear safety and environmental monitoring capabilities.

利用NaI（Tl）伽玛能谱技术进行放射性核素鉴定在核安全、环境监测和医学领域至关重要。虽然具有成本效益和效率，但NaI（Tl）探测器受到低能量分辨率，光谱噪声和环境可变性的限制。本系统综述评估了机器学习（ML）的进步如何解决这些限制。我们的分析表明，深度学习模型——特别是卷积神经网络（cnn）、混合架构和其他先进的深度网络——擅长分析低分辨率光谱，即使在复杂条件下（例如屏蔽效应、低计数光谱），准确率也超过95%。将cnn与传统算法相结合的混合模型具有较好的鲁棒性和可解释性。然而，传统的机器学习方法（例如svm）对于有限的数据集或实时应用仍然有价值。尽管有这些方法上的进步，该领域仍然面临着包括数据稀缺性、模型泛化和可解释性在内的总体挑战，需要标准化的数据集和基于物理的ML框架。ML弥合了NaI（Tl）和高分辨率检测器之间的性能差距，实现了便携式自动化解决方案。未来的研究应优先考虑混合模型、数据集标准化和现场部署优化，提高核安全和环境监测能力。

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引用次数: 0

Unveiling the role of immune response and related cytokines in radiation-induced skin injury: orchestrate inflammation to repair or fibrosis 揭示免疫反应和相关细胞因子在辐射诱导皮肤损伤中的作用：协调炎症修复或纤维化

Q1 Health Professions

Radiation Medicine and Protection

Pub Date : 2025-10-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.radmp.2025.09.005

Jiacheng Li, Yiting Tang, Peijing Chen, Zhenhua Ding, Meijuan Zhou

Radiation-induced skin injury (RISI) poses a significant clinical challenge in radiotherapy, characterized by acute inflammatory responses progressing to chronic fibrosis. Central to its pathogenesis is the dynamic interplay between immune cells and cytokine-mediated cascades following DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) and oxidative stress induced by. This process triggers localized immune activation, radiation-damaged structural cells release DAMPs, triggering resident Langerhans cells and dermal dendritic cells to initiate antigen presentation and cytokine cascades; subsequently, activated macrophages and DCs recruit neutrophils and monocytes, driving acute inflammation that critically determines tissue fate toward regenerative repair or pathological fibrosis. Meanwhile, ultraviolet (UV) radiation primarily drives immunosuppression and photoaging. This review systematically delineates the dual regulatory roles of diverse immune populations—including T lymphocyte subsets, mast cells, and eosinophils—through comprehensive cytokine profiling. We highlight how temporal shifts in immune phenotypes orchestrate inflammation resolution versus fibrotic transformation. By integrating these insights, we provide a mechanistic framework of immune cells and related cytokines for RISI progression.

放射诱导的皮肤损伤（RISI）在放射治疗中提出了重大的临床挑战，其特征是急性炎症反应进展为慢性纤维化。其发病机制的核心是DNA双链断裂（dsb）和氧化应激诱导的免疫细胞和细胞因子介导的级联反应之间的动态相互作用。这一过程触发局部免疫激活，辐射损伤的结构细胞释放DAMPs，触发常驻朗格汉斯细胞和真皮树突状细胞启动抗原呈递和细胞因子级联反应；随后，活化的巨噬细胞和dc招募中性粒细胞和单核细胞，驱动急性炎症，这对组织走向再生修复或病理性纤维化至关重要。同时，紫外线（UV）辐射主要导致免疫抑制和光老化。本文通过全面的细胞因子分析系统地描述了不同免疫群体（包括T淋巴细胞亚群、肥大细胞和嗜酸性粒细胞）的双重调节作用。我们强调免疫表型的时间变化如何协调炎症消退与纤维化转化。通过整合这些见解，我们提供了RISI进展的免疫细胞和相关细胞因子的机制框架。

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引用次数: 0

Radiation Medicine and Protection – contributions to the UN SDGs 辐射医学和防护——对联合国可持续发展目标的贡献

Q1 Health Professions

Radiation Medicine and Protection

Pub Date : 2025-10-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.radmp.2025.09.001

Jing Chen , Qiuju Guo , Shinji Tokonami , Weihai Zhuo

引用次数: 0

Preliminary assessment of excess life time cancer risk due to radon exposure in small scale Tanzanite mines in Tanzania 坦桑尼亚小型坦桑石矿氡暴露引起的超长寿命癌症风险的初步评估

Q1 Health Professions

Radiation Medicine and Protection

Pub Date : 2025-10-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.radmp.2025.09.007

Shovi Furaeli Sawe

Objective

To assess the excess life time cancer risk (ELCR) due to radon exposure in small scale Tanzanite mines in Northern Tanzania.

Methods

Radon concentrations were measured using the solid state nuclear track detectors (SSNTD) type CR-39. Three to six CR-39 detectors were placed in the underground working environment of each mine for a period of four months then removed and sent to Niton laboratory in Italy for processing and determination of radon concentrations. The obtained radon concentrations were used to estimate exposure to radon progenies, excess relative risk (ERR) of developing lung cancer, total lung cancer risk (TCR) and excess lifetime cancer risk (ELCR) using standard equations.

Results

The radon levels in 58% of the assessed mines were below the action level of 300 Bq/m³ recommended by the International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP) while 42% were above this limit. The estimated mean exposure to radon and its progenies ranged from 0.08 to 1.18 WLM corresponding to annual effective doses of 0.8 and 11.8 mSv/year, for the minimum and maximum values respectively. These values are below the annual limit of 20 mSv for occupational exposure recommended by the ICRP. The ELCR estimated using simplified linear model from BEIR IV report ranged from 0 to 0.03% which is below the U.S. EPA action level of 1.3% due to radon exposure of 148 Bq/m³.

Conclusion

The ELCR due to exposure to radon in the assessed mines is negligible. However, follow up studies are recommended as the depths of the mines increase especially in the mines were radon concentrations exceeded the action level.

目的评价坦桑尼亚北部小型坦桑石矿山氡暴露的过量寿命致癌风险（ELCR）。方法采用CR-39型固体核径迹检测器（SSNTD）测定氡浓度。在每个矿井的地下工作环境中放置三至六个CR-39探测器，为期四个月，然后取出并送到意大利的Niton实验室处理和确定氡浓度。获得的氡浓度用于使用标准方程估计氡子体暴露、发生肺癌的超额相对危险度（ERR）、肺癌总危险度（TCR）和超额终身癌症危险度（ELCR）。结果58%的矿区氡水平低于国际放射防护委员会（ICRP）建议的300 Bq/m3的限值，42%的矿区氡水平高于该限值。氡及其子代的估计平均暴露量为0.08至1.18毫西弗，对应于年有效剂量分别为0.8毫西弗/年和11.8毫西弗/年，为最小值和最大值。这些数值低于ICRP建议的每年20毫西弗的职业暴露限值。根据BEIR IV报告的简化线性模型估计的ELCR范围为0至0.03%，低于美国环保署的行动水平1.3%，因为氡暴露为148 Bq/m3。结论评价矿区氡暴露的ELCR可以忽略不计。但是，随着地雷深度的增加，特别是在氡浓度超过行动水平的地雷中，建议进行后续研究。

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引用次数: 0

Normal cell responses to 3D-CRT, VMAT, and helical tomotherapy: A comparative study 正常细胞对3D-CRT、VMAT和螺旋断层治疗的反应：一项比较研究

Q1 Health Professions

Radiation Medicine and Protection

Pub Date : 2025-10-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.radmp.2025.09.002

Rinwarat Phumsankhot , Phanwadee Kasetthamrongrat , Aphidet Duangya , Anirut Watcharawipha , Wannapha Nobnop , Narongchai Autsavapromporn

Objective

To evaluate the dosimetric parameters and radiobiological effects in both irradiated and non-irradiated bystander cells of early- and late-responding normal tissues using three radiotherapy (RT) techniques: Three-dimensional conformal RT (3D-CRT), Volumetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT), and Helical Tomotherapy (HT).

Methods

HaCaT cells, representing early-responding normal tissue with a high α/β ratio, and BEAS-2B cells, representing late-responding normal tissue characterized by a low α/β ratio, were irradiated with a 2 Gy across three RT techniques. A water phantom was utilized for treatment planning to maintain uniform target coverage and ensure dosimetric comparability among all RT modalities. Various radiobiological endpoints were analyzed to assess cell responses in both irradiated and bystander cells.

Results

Although the dosimetric parameters (D₉₅_% ≈ 2.0 Gy, D₂ _% ≈ 2.1 Gy, D_mean ≈ 2.0 Gy, HI = 0.04–0.35, beam-on time = 27–254 s, MU rate = 270–1936) were broadly comparable across the three RT techniques, the biological responses differed depending on cell type and irradiation method. HT irradiation induced the most pronounced cellular damage in HaCaT cells, with the survival fraction (SF) reduced to 0.31 ± 0.09 in irradiated cells and cell viability of (93.5 ± 3.7) % in bystander cells. In contrast, for BEAS-2B cells, VMAT predominantly affected irradiated cells (SF: 0.36 ± 0.04), whereas bystander responses were more evident following HT irradiation [cell viability: (95.0 ± 6.3) %]. These observations likely reflect an interplay between biological variables (such as, cellular phenotype, DNA repair capability, and cell cycle distribution), and physical parameters, including beam delivery characteristics, beam on time and MU rate.

Conclusion

These findings may help inform decision-making by radiation oncologists and support the development of individualized RT approaches aimed at maximizing treatment efficacy while minimizing long-term toxicity.

目的探讨三维适形放射治疗（3D-CRT）、体积调制弧线治疗（VMAT）和螺旋放射治疗（HT）三种放射治疗技术对早期和晚期正常组织中放疗和未放疗的旁观者细胞的剂量学参数和放射生物学效应。方法采用三种放射治疗技术，分别对具有高α/β比的早期反应正常组织shacat细胞和具有低α/β比的晚期反应正常组织BEAS-2B细胞进行2 Gy辐射。水影用于治疗计划，以保持统一的目标覆盖范围，并确保所有放射治疗方式之间的剂量学可比性。分析了各种放射生物学终点，以评估辐照细胞和旁观者细胞的细胞反应。结果虽然三种放射治疗方法的剂量学参数（D95%≈2.0 Gy, D2 %≈2.1 Gy, Dmean≈2.0 Gy, HI = 0.04 ~ 0.35，照射时间= 27 ~ 254 s， MU率= 270 ~ 1936）大致相当，但生物学反应因细胞类型和照射方式而异。高温辐射对HaCaT细胞的损伤最为明显，照射细胞的存活分数（SF）降至0.31±0.09，旁观者细胞的细胞活力降至（93.5±3.7）%。相比之下，对于BEAS-2B细胞，VMAT主要影响辐照细胞（SF: 0.36±0.04），而HT照射后的旁观者反应更为明显[细胞存活率：（95.0±6.3）%]。这些观察结果可能反映了生物变量（如细胞表型、DNA修复能力和细胞周期分布）和物理参数（包括光束输送特性、光束到达时间和MU率）之间的相互作用。结论：这些发现可能有助于为放射肿瘤学家的决策提供信息，并支持个体化放疗方法的发展，旨在最大化治疗效果，同时最小化长期毒性。

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引用次数: 0

The need to implement better integrated and reasonably optimized protection strategy – One Protection 需要实施更好的一体化、合理优化的保护策略——“一体保护”

Q1 Health Professions

Radiation Medicine and Protection

Pub Date : 2025-08-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.radmp.2025.06.006

Jing Chen

We are surrounded by various hazards and threats to the health of people, animals and the environment. Therefore, the protection work is multifaceted and needs to consider all potential hazards, and balance all potential impacts to the extent practicable. Whilst separated sectorial protections have proved capable of delivering adequate levels of protection for various risks we are facing, it is crucially important that protective activities of various sectors and disciplines be better integrated into a more holistic and reasonably optimized protection strategy – One Protection. Even though the holistic approach has been in practice for decades, more has to be done for better integration with the aim to achieve net health and societal benefits “as optimal as reasonably achievable” (AOARA). In this paper, radiological protection is taken as an example to discuss challenges when sector-specific protective activities are not well integrated and lack prioritization and optimization. It demonstrates the need for better integrated and reasonably optimized protective practices to achieve the objectives of One World One Health and the UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs).

我们生活在各种危害人类、动物和环境健康的危险和威胁之中。因此，保护工作是多方面的，需要考虑所有潜在的危害，并在可行的范围内平衡所有潜在的影响。虽然分离的部门保护已被证明能够为我们面临的各种风险提供足够的保护水平，但至关重要的是，将不同部门和学科的保护活动更好地整合到一个更全面、更合理优化的保护战略中-一个保护。尽管整体方法已经实践了几十年，但还需要做更多的工作，以便更好地将其与实现“尽可能合理可行的最佳”净健康和社会效益（AOARA）的目标结合起来。本文以放射防护为例，讨论了部门防护活动没有很好地整合、缺乏优先级和优化时所面临的挑战。它表明需要更好地综合和合理优化保护措施，以实现“同一个世界，同一个健康”的目标和联合国可持续发展目标。

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引用次数: 0

Understanding of FLASH radiotherapy through physical to biological interpretation 从物理到生物学的解释来理解FLASH放疗

Q1 Health Professions

Radiation Medicine and Protection

Pub Date : 2025-08-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.radmp.2025.07.002

Yuqi Yang , Fang-Fang Yin

This study presents a unified framework, systematically shows a detailed visual representation and emphasizes the understanding via various key factors throughout physical-chemical-biological stages underlying the irradiation process in FLASH radiotherapy (FLASH-RT) from the review of previous published studies. To develop this framework, we pay close attention to the time scale of irradiation process, to incorporated methodologies from current hypotheses documented by in vitro and vivo studies. Concurrently, the framework illustrates the potential differences in tumor and normal cells induced by FLASH-RT. This synthesis of the literature reveals the potential research points in existing hypotheses which lack of consideration on the entire responses and interactions of each stage from initial physical to biological process. Our interpretation provides both a structured overview and a conceptual explanation, facilitating current understanding and further investigation that could be validated in future experimental settings in FLASH-RT research.

本研究提出了一个统一的框架，系统地展示了详细的可视化表示，并强调了通过对先前发表的研究的回顾，通过物理-化学-生物阶段的各种关键因素来理解FLASH放疗（FLASH- rt）照射过程。为了发展这一框架，我们密切关注辐照过程的时间尺度，并从体外和体内研究中记录的当前假设中纳入方法。同时，该框架说明了FLASH-RT诱导的肿瘤细胞和正常细胞的潜在差异。这种文献的综合揭示了现有假设中潜在的研究点，这些假设缺乏对从最初的物理过程到生物过程的每个阶段的整个反应和相互作用的考虑。我们的解释提供了结构化的概述和概念性的解释，促进了当前的理解和进一步的调查，可以在未来的FLASH-RT研究的实验设置中进行验证。

引用次数: 0