Pub Date : 2025-06-01Epub Date: 2025-04-30DOI: 10.1016/j.radmp.2025.04.003
Chen Li , Liqiu Ma
Radiation-induced vascular damage has attracted significant attention in various fields, including healthcare (radiotherapy), the nuclear industry (nuclear facilities and devices), and space exploration. Recent studies have indicated a close relationship between such damage and aging, involving multiple signaling pathways and biological targets. This review aims to summarize the potential mechanisms underlying radiation-induced vascular damage, explore key molecular targets and related signaling pathways during the aging process, and provide a theoretical foundation for developing future therapeutic strategies. The review discusses direct mechanisms of radiation-induced vascular damage, such as apoptosis, necrosis, endothelial dysfunction, and alterations in the extracellular matrix. It also delves into the biological links between vascular damage and aging, including changes in the expression of aging markers, telomere shortening, and immune responses. Key molecular targets, such as the p53 pathway, nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) signaling pathway, and silent information regulator 2-related enzyme 1 (SIRT1), are examined for their roles in mediating vascular damage and aging. Additionally, major signaling pathways such as MAPK, PI3K/Akt, and Wnt/β-catenin are analyzed for their involvement in cellular stress responses and vascular repair mechanisms. The review also summarizes the evaluation of current clinical treatments, discusses the potential therapeutic value of new targets, and outlines future research directions and challenges in the field.
{"title":"Radiation-induced vascular damage and aging: a review of potential therapeutic targets and key signaling pathways","authors":"Chen Li , Liqiu Ma","doi":"10.1016/j.radmp.2025.04.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.radmp.2025.04.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Radiation-induced vascular damage has attracted significant attention in various fields, including healthcare (radiotherapy), the nuclear industry (nuclear facilities and devices), and space exploration. Recent studies have indicated a close relationship between such damage and aging, involving multiple signaling pathways and biological targets. This review aims to summarize the potential mechanisms underlying radiation-induced vascular damage, explore key molecular targets and related signaling pathways during the aging process, and provide a theoretical foundation for developing future therapeutic strategies. The review discusses direct mechanisms of radiation-induced vascular damage, such as apoptosis, necrosis, endothelial dysfunction, and alterations in the extracellular matrix. It also delves into the biological links between vascular damage and aging, including changes in the expression of aging markers, telomere shortening, and immune responses. Key molecular targets, such as the p53 pathway, nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) signaling pathway, and silent information regulator 2-related enzyme 1 (SIRT1), are examined for their roles in mediating vascular damage and aging. Additionally, major signaling pathways such as MAPK, PI3K/Akt, and Wnt/β-catenin are analyzed for their involvement in cellular stress responses and vascular repair mechanisms. The review also summarizes the evaluation of current clinical treatments, discusses the potential therapeutic value of new targets, and outlines future research directions and challenges in the field.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34051,"journal":{"name":"Radiation Medicine and Protection","volume":"6 3","pages":"Pages 140-146"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144480530","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-04-01Epub Date: 2025-03-05DOI: 10.1016/j.radmp.2025.03.001
Xindi Wei , Wei Chen , Jin Wang , Zihao Zhang , Yuji Miao , Yuanyuan Zhou , Xiangyong Fan , Jinhan Wang , Yeqing Gu
Objective
To investigate the relationship between occupational X-ray exposure and cancer risk in medical X-ray diagnostic workers, a cohort study was conducted in medical X-ray diagnostic workers in Jiangsu province, China, based on Chinese Medical X-ray Workers Cohort, in order to provide scientific evidence for the improvement of occupational radiation protection in medical X-ray diagnostic workers.
Methods
From 2011 to 2021, a retrospective cohort study was conducted in 2,984 medical X-ray diagnostic workers who worked in the radiology departments of all hospitals in Jiangsu during 1950–1980 and were alive by June 30, 2011 (radiation group) and 2,601 medical workers who worked in other departments of the same hospitals during the same period and were alive by June 30, 2011 (control group). Basic information and cancer incidence were collected from the study participants. The person-years of observation in the study participants during 2011–2021 was calculated. Cox regression model was used to calculate the relative risk for cancers such as solid cancer, lung cancer, and lymphomas in the radiation group after adjustment for sex, age, year of birth, and year to start working, and stratified analyses on the risks for total cancer and solid cancer in the radiation group were performed for confounders such as sex.
Results
The total number of person-years of follow-up was 52,327, and the loss to follow-up rate was 3.15%. A total of 544 cancer cases were detected in follow-up during this period. Compared with the control group, the hazard ratio (HR) of total cancer was 1.13 (95% CI: 0.93–1.37), and the HR of solid cancer was 1.11 (95% CI: 0.91–1.36) in the radiation group. Compared with the control group, the radiation group had significantly higher risk for lymphoma (HR = 10.36, 95% CI:1.27–84.27). Stratified analyses showed that the medical X-ray workers who started to working before 1970 had higher risks for solid cancer (HR = 1.26, 95% CI:1.01–1.59) and total cancer (HR = 1.29, 95% CI:1.04–1.62) compared with those who started working after 1970.
Conclusion
The risk for lymphoma was high in the medical X-ray workers in Jiangsu, suggesting that it is necessaryt to strengthen the occupational radiation protection for medical X-ray workers.
{"title":"Analysis on occupational exposure associated cancer risk in medical X-ray diagnostic workers in Jiangsu province, China, 2011–2021: A cohort study","authors":"Xindi Wei , Wei Chen , Jin Wang , Zihao Zhang , Yuji Miao , Yuanyuan Zhou , Xiangyong Fan , Jinhan Wang , Yeqing Gu","doi":"10.1016/j.radmp.2025.03.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.radmp.2025.03.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>To investigate the relationship between occupational X-ray exposure and cancer risk in medical X-ray diagnostic workers, a cohort study was conducted in medical X-ray diagnostic workers in Jiangsu province, China, based on Chinese Medical X-ray Workers Cohort, in order to provide scientific evidence for the improvement of occupational radiation protection in medical X-ray diagnostic workers.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>From 2011 to 2021, a retrospective cohort study was conducted in 2,984 medical X-ray diagnostic workers who worked in the radiology departments of all hospitals in Jiangsu during 1950–1980 and were alive by June 30, 2011 (radiation group) and 2,601 medical workers who worked in other departments of the same hospitals during the same period and were alive by June 30, 2011 (control group). Basic information and cancer incidence were collected from the study participants. The person-years of observation in the study participants during 2011–2021 was calculated. Cox regression model was used to calculate the relative risk for cancers such as solid cancer, lung cancer, and lymphomas in the radiation group after adjustment for sex, age, year of birth, and year to start working, and stratified analyses on the risks for total cancer and solid cancer in the radiation group were performed for confounders such as sex.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The total number of person-years of follow-up was 52,327, and the loss to follow-up rate was 3.15%. A total of 544 cancer cases were detected in follow-up during this period. Compared with the control group, the hazard ratio (<em>HR)</em> of total cancer was 1.13 (95% <em>CI</em>: 0.93–1.37), and the <em>HR</em> of solid cancer was 1.11 (95% <em>CI</em>: 0.91–1.36) in the radiation group. Compared with the control group, the radiation group had significantly higher risk for lymphoma (<em>HR</em> = 10.36, 95% <em>CI</em>:1.27–84.27). Stratified analyses showed that the medical X-ray workers who started to working before 1970 had higher risks for solid cancer (<em>HR</em> = 1.26, 95% <em>CI</em>:1.01–1.59) and total cancer (<em>HR</em> = 1.29, 95% <em>CI</em>:1.04–1.62) compared with those who started working after 1970.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>The risk for lymphoma was high in the medical X-ray workers in Jiangsu, suggesting that it is necessaryt to strengthen the occupational radiation protection for medical X-ray workers.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34051,"journal":{"name":"Radiation Medicine and Protection","volume":"6 2","pages":"Pages 69-74"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143847621","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-04-01Epub Date: 2025-01-06DOI: 10.1016/j.radmp.2025.01.001
Liren Qian, Yu Liu, Xiaoxuan Lu, Jiaxin Liu
Objective
To investigate the therapeutic effects of non-preconditioning allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) on acute radiation injury.
Methods
Irradiated mice were randomly divided into six groups, i.e., the control group, the irradiation group, and groups treated with transplantation at 0, 4, 8, and 12 d post-irradiation, with 10 mice in each group. The survival rates, graft versus host disease (GvHD), and chimerism of the mice in various groups were assessed.
Results
The maximum 60 d survival rate of mice treated with non-preconditioning allo-HSCT at 0, 4, and 8 d after 6.5 Gy radiation increased to 70% and 80%, respectively, significantly higher than that of mice that did not undergo non-preconditioning allo-HSCT (50%; P < 0.05). The survival rate of mice undergoing non-preconditioning allo-HSCT at 12 d after radiation no longer significantly decreased. No pronounced GvHD was observed in the mice. The mice treated with non-preconditioning allo-HSCT at 0, 4, 8, and 12 d post-radiation exhibited chimerism rates of 80.53%, 92.75%, 80.46%, and 80.87%, respectively, at 56 d post-transplantation. At 28 d after non-preconditioning allo-HSCT, the donor-derived fluorescent cells in recipient mice increased significantly (P < 0.05).
Conclusions
This study will fill the gap in the field of radiation medicine and hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) by addressing challenges that hinder the application of traditional HSCT, such as donor shortage, toxicity of preconditioning chemotherapy, the occurrence of GvHD, and the administration of post-transplantation immunosuppressants. The results would provide theoretical value and application prospects for research on radiation medicine and HSCT.
{"title":"Therapeutic effects of non-preconditioning allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation on acute radiation injury","authors":"Liren Qian, Yu Liu, Xiaoxuan Lu, Jiaxin Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.radmp.2025.01.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.radmp.2025.01.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>To investigate the therapeutic effects of non-preconditioning allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) on acute radiation injury.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Irradiated mice were randomly divided into six groups, i.e., the control group, the irradiation group, and groups treated with transplantation at 0, 4, 8, and 12 d post-irradiation, with 10 mice in each group. The survival rates, graft versus host disease (GvHD), and chimerism of the mice in various groups were assessed.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The maximum 60 d survival rate of mice treated with non-preconditioning allo-HSCT at 0, 4, and 8 d after 6.5 Gy radiation increased to 70% and 80%, respectively, significantly higher than that of mice that did not undergo non-preconditioning allo-HSCT (50%; <em>P <</em> 0.05). The survival rate of mice undergoing non-preconditioning allo-HSCT at 12 d after radiation no longer significantly decreased. No pronounced GvHD was observed in the mice. The mice treated with non-preconditioning allo-HSCT at 0, 4, 8, and 12 d post-radiation exhibited chimerism rates of 80.53%, 92.75%, 80.46%, and 80.87%, respectively, at 56 d post-transplantation. At 28 d after non-preconditioning allo-HSCT, the donor-derived fluorescent cells in recipient mice increased significantly (<em>P</em> < 0.05).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>This study will fill the gap in the field of radiation medicine and hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) by addressing challenges that hinder the application of traditional HSCT, such as donor shortage, toxicity of preconditioning chemotherapy, the occurrence of GvHD, and the administration of post-transplantation immunosuppressants. The results would provide theoretical value and application prospects for research on radiation medicine and HSCT.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34051,"journal":{"name":"Radiation Medicine and Protection","volume":"6 2","pages":"Pages 103-106"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143847483","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-04-01Epub Date: 2024-09-05DOI: 10.1016/j.radmp.2024.09.001
Haiying Wang, Weijin Zou, Yi Cao
Bioelectromagnetic signaling, a fundamental aspect of biological systems, has gained increasing attention in recent years. This review synthesizes current knowledge and recent advancements in bioelectromagnetic research, covering principles, evidence, and emerging applications. We discuss the generation, reception, and roles of bioelectromagnetic fields in living organisms, focusing on intercellular and organism-level communication. The review also examines therapeutic applications, and technological innovations arising from our understanding of bioelectromagnetic phenomena. Finally, we outline future research directions that promise to deepen our comprehension of life's electromagnetic dimensions and potentially revolutionize medicine and technology.
{"title":"Bioelectromagnetic fields as signaling currents of life","authors":"Haiying Wang, Weijin Zou, Yi Cao","doi":"10.1016/j.radmp.2024.09.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.radmp.2024.09.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Bioelectromagnetic signaling, a fundamental aspect of biological systems, has gained increasing attention in recent years. This review synthesizes current knowledge and recent advancements in bioelectromagnetic research, covering principles, evidence, and emerging applications. We discuss the generation, reception, and roles of bioelectromagnetic fields in living organisms, focusing on intercellular and organism-level communication. The review also examines therapeutic applications, and technological innovations arising from our understanding of bioelectromagnetic phenomena. Finally, we outline future research directions that promise to deepen our comprehension of life's electromagnetic dimensions and potentially revolutionize medicine and technology.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34051,"journal":{"name":"Radiation Medicine and Protection","volume":"6 2","pages":"Pages 112-118"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143847485","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-04-01Epub Date: 2025-02-27DOI: 10.1016/j.radmp.2025.02.003
S. Semghouli , M. El Fahssi , M. Zerfaoui , A. Hadaoui , B. Amaoui
Objective
To explore the perception of Moroccan medical physicists regarding the use of Artificial Intelligent (AI) in medical imaging and in radiotherapy.
Methods
A standardized anonymous questionnaire of 24 questions was sent to our target population, medical physics PhDs (G1), medical physics PhD students (G2) and Master's students in medical physics (G3). It covers their knowledge and skills in artificial intelligence, their training in the field as well as their practices, and the threats and limits of AI.
Results
The three groups shared almost the same opinions on the training program for medical physicists and that more than 87.50% of the three groups thought that AI should be taught in their training program. Over 81.3% of the three groups share the same opinion regarding the role of AI in medical physicists. They strongly agreed or agreed that they were ready to learn and apply AI in their practice. In addition, 50% of G1s, 68.8% of G2s, and 87.5% of G3s strongly agree or agree that more and more tasks, such as quality control and treatment planning, will be performed by AI. Furthermore, 62.5% of G1s, 81.3% of G2s, and 75.0% of G3s strongly agree or agree that AI solutions will make it possible to considerably reduce radiation doses in the field of imaging in the next few years.
Conclusion
The reinforcement of continuous training and the introduction of training modules in the curriculum of Moroccan medical physicists’ as well as a broad awareness of the benefits of AI are guarantees for the successful implementation of this innovative technology.
{"title":"Knowledge and perceptions of Moroccan medical physicists regarding the contribution of artificial intelligence in medical imaging and radiotherapy","authors":"S. Semghouli , M. El Fahssi , M. Zerfaoui , A. Hadaoui , B. Amaoui","doi":"10.1016/j.radmp.2025.02.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.radmp.2025.02.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>To explore the perception of Moroccan medical physicists regarding the use of Artificial Intelligent (AI) in medical imaging and in radiotherapy.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A standardized anonymous questionnaire of 24 questions was sent to our target population, medical physics PhDs (G1), medical physics PhD students (G2) and Master's students in medical physics (G3). It covers their knowledge and skills in artificial intelligence, their training in the field as well as their practices, and the threats and limits of AI.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The three groups shared almost the same opinions on the training program for medical physicists and that more than 87.50% of the three groups thought that AI should be taught in their training program. Over 81.3% of the three groups share the same opinion regarding the role of AI in medical physicists. They strongly agreed or agreed that they were ready to learn and apply AI in their practice. In addition, 50% of G1s, 68.8% of G2s, and 87.5% of G3s strongly agree or agree that more and more tasks, such as quality control and treatment planning, will be performed by AI. Furthermore, 62.5% of G1s, 81.3% of G2s, and 75.0% of G3s strongly agree or agree that AI solutions will make it possible to considerably reduce radiation doses in the field of imaging in the next few years.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>The reinforcement of continuous training and the introduction of training modules in the curriculum of Moroccan medical physicists’ as well as a broad awareness of the benefits of AI are guarantees for the successful implementation of this innovative technology.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34051,"journal":{"name":"Radiation Medicine and Protection","volume":"6 2","pages":"Pages 75-80"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143847622","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
To evaluate the workload management and guarantee the technical concerns for an appropriate radiation protection method in non-destructive testing (NDT) industries in Bangladesh.
Methods
The radiation exposure for 721 workers was investigated in industrial radiography through Bangladesh during 2019–2022. A thermoluminescence dosimeter (TLD-100) was used to measure the occupational exposure with the operational dose quantity Hp(10). All the readout procedures were completed using the Harshaw TLD reader (model 4500).
Results
The collective effective dose was 75.73, 115.35, 150.18, and 96 mSv in year 2019, 2020, 2021, and 2022, respectively. The maximum effective dose received among the workers was 19.45, 3.8, 19.19, and 19.53 mSv, respectively, which remained within the stipulated dose limits imposed by Nuclear Safety and Radiation Control (NSRC) Rules-1997, Bangladesh and International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP-103). The mean annual individual dose was 0.53, 0.8, 0.83, and 0.39 mSv in 2019, 2020, 2021, and 2022, respectively. The mean value of excess life-time cancer risk (ELCR) was found 1.12 × 10−3.
Conclusion
The industrial radiography facilities of Bangladesh may be certain that their current safety protocols are adequate. Additionally, few recommendations for safe industrial radiography practices have also been offered.
{"title":"Occupational radiation exposure analysis in industrial radiography in Bangladesh","authors":"Mehedi Hassan, Shahadat Hossain, M.M. Mahfuz Siraz, Shikha Pervin, Nazneen Sultana, Md Zakir Hossain, Selina Yeasmin","doi":"10.1016/j.radmp.2025.03.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.radmp.2025.03.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>To evaluate the workload management and guarantee the technical concerns for an appropriate radiation protection method in non-destructive testing (NDT) industries in Bangladesh.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>The radiation exposure for 721 workers was investigated in industrial radiography through Bangladesh during 2019–2022. A thermoluminescence dosimeter (TLD-100) was used to measure the occupational exposure with the operational dose quantity <em>H</em><sub>p</sub>(10). All the readout procedures were completed using the Harshaw TLD reader (model 4500).</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The collective effective dose was 75.73, 115.35, 150.18, and 96 mSv in year 2019, 2020, 2021, and 2022, respectively. The maximum effective dose received among the workers was 19.45, 3.8, 19.19, and 19.53 mSv, respectively, which remained within the stipulated dose limits imposed by Nuclear Safety and Radiation Control (NSRC) Rules-1997, Bangladesh and International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP-103). The mean annual individual dose was 0.53, 0.8, 0.83, and 0.39 mSv in 2019, 2020, 2021, and 2022, respectively. The mean value of excess life-time cancer risk (ELCR) was found 1.12 × 10<sup>−3</sup>.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>The industrial radiography facilities of Bangladesh may be certain that their current safety protocols are adequate. Additionally, few recommendations for safe industrial radiography practices have also been offered.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34051,"journal":{"name":"Radiation Medicine and Protection","volume":"6 2","pages":"Pages 107-111"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143847484","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-04-01Epub Date: 2025-02-11DOI: 10.1016/j.radmp.2025.02.001
Jialing Wen , Xiangdi Meng , Wenchao Gu , Shenke Zhang , Li Sui , Gang Guo , Liang Yan , Wangcai Ren , Xuanzhang Tu , Kensuke Osada , Takashi Shimokawa , Yang Li , Liqiu Ma
Objective
To compare the efficacy and toxicity of four treatment strategies in patients with MBMs.
Methods
A systematic literature search of the Cochrane, PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and OVID Medline databases was performed until July 24, 2024. A total of four therapeutic modalities for MBMs, including immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) monotherapy, radiotherapy (RT) alone, ICI combined with RT (ICI + RT), and dual ICI therapy (ICI + ICI), were evaluated by the overall survival (OS), intracranial progression-free survival (iPFS), and adverse effect (AE). The meta-analysis was performed using R language and registered in PROSPERO (registration no. CRD42023480912).
Results
This study included 33 studies comprising 2,496 patients with MBMs. ICI combined with RT and dual ICI therapy improved the 6 and 12-month OS rates compared with ICI monotherapy and RT alone. There was no significant difference in OS between the ICI + RT group and the ICI + ICI group. Similar results were observed for iPFS, with the combination treatment groups showing a significant difference compared with the treatment groups alone. However, no significant difference was observed in 1-year iPFS between the ICI + RT group and the ICI + ICI group (P = 0.07), whereas the ICI + ICI group demonstrated superior 2-year iPFS compared with the ICI + RT group (P < 0.05). Furthermore, the survival advantages of combination therapy gradually decreased with increasing duration of treatment. Additionally, compared with ICI monotherapy, dual ICI therapy significantly increased the incidence of AEs over grade 3 (ICI + ICI: 57% vs. ICI: 11%, P < 0.0001), whereas ICI combined with RT did not significantly differ (ICI + RT: 19% vs. ICI: 11%, P = 0.14).
Conclusion
The combination of ICI with RT offers superior survival benefits without increasing toxicity in patients with MBMs. However, this survival benefit decreases over time, and further optimizing the treatment strategy is essential for improving the outcomes of patients with MBMs.
目的比较四种治疗方案对骨髓瘤的疗效和毒副作用。方法系统检索Cochrane、PubMed、Embase、Web of Science、OVID Medline数据库，检索时间截止到2024年7月24日。通过总生存期（OS）、颅内无进展生存期（iPFS）和不良反应（AE）评估四种治疗方式，包括免疫检查点抑制剂（ICI）单药治疗、单独放疗（RT）、ICI联合放疗（ICI + RT）和双重ICI治疗（ICI + ICI）。meta分析使用R语言进行，并在PROSPERO注册(注册号：CRD42023480912)。结果本研究纳入33项研究，包括2496例MBMs患者。与ICI单药治疗和单独RT相比，ICI联合RT和双ICI治疗提高了6个月和12个月的OS率。ICI + RT组与ICI + ICI组的OS无显著差异。iPFS也观察到类似的结果，联合治疗组与单独治疗组相比有显著差异。然而，ICI + RT组和ICI + ICI组的1年iPFS没有显著差异（P = 0.07），而ICI + ICI组的2年iPFS优于ICI + RT组(P <；0.05)。此外，联合治疗的生存优势随着治疗时间的增加而逐渐降低。此外，与ICI单药治疗相比，双重ICI治疗显著增加了3级以上ae的发生率(ICI + ICI: 57% vs. ICI: 11%, P <；0.0001)，而ICI联合RT无显著差异（ICI + RT: 19% vs ICI: 11%, P = 0.14）。结论：在不增加毒性的情况下，ICI联合RT治疗对MBMs患者有更好的生存益处。然而，这种生存益处随着时间的推移而减少，进一步优化治疗策略对于改善MBMs患者的预后至关重要。
{"title":"Survival benefits and toxicity effects of radiotherapy and immunotherapy treatments in melanoma patients with brain metastases: A meta-analysis","authors":"Jialing Wen , Xiangdi Meng , Wenchao Gu , Shenke Zhang , Li Sui , Gang Guo , Liang Yan , Wangcai Ren , Xuanzhang Tu , Kensuke Osada , Takashi Shimokawa , Yang Li , Liqiu Ma","doi":"10.1016/j.radmp.2025.02.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.radmp.2025.02.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>To compare the efficacy and toxicity of four treatment strategies in patients with MBMs.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A systematic literature search of the Cochrane, PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and OVID Medline databases was performed until July 24, 2024. A total of four therapeutic modalities for MBMs, including immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) monotherapy, radiotherapy (RT) alone, ICI combined with RT (ICI + RT), and dual ICI therapy (ICI + ICI), were evaluated by the overall survival (OS), intracranial progression-free survival (iPFS), and adverse effect (AE). The meta-analysis was performed using R language and registered in PROSPERO (registration no. CRD42023480912).</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>This study included 33 studies comprising 2,496 patients with MBMs. ICI combined with RT and dual ICI therapy improved the 6 and 12-month OS rates compared with ICI monotherapy and RT alone. There was no significant difference in OS between the ICI + RT group and the ICI + ICI group. Similar results were observed for iPFS, with the combination treatment groups showing a significant difference compared with the treatment groups alone. However, no significant difference was observed in 1-year iPFS between the ICI + RT group and the ICI + ICI group (<em>P</em> = 0.07), whereas the ICI + ICI group demonstrated superior 2-year iPFS compared with the ICI + RT group (<em>P</em> < 0.05). Furthermore, the survival advantages of combination therapy gradually decreased with increasing duration of treatment. Additionally, compared with ICI monotherapy, dual ICI therapy significantly increased the incidence of AEs over grade 3 (ICI + ICI: 57% <em>vs.</em> ICI: 11%, <em>P</em> < 0.0001), whereas ICI combined with RT did not significantly differ (ICI + RT: 19% <em>vs.</em> ICI: 11%, <em>P</em> = 0.14).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>The combination of ICI with RT offers superior survival benefits without increasing toxicity in patients with MBMs. However, this survival benefit decreases over time, and further optimizing the treatment strategy is essential for improving the outcomes of patients with MBMs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34051,"journal":{"name":"Radiation Medicine and Protection","volume":"6 2","pages":"Pages 91-102"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143847624","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-04-01Epub Date: 2025-02-26DOI: 10.1016/j.radmp.2025.02.002
Wencheng Shao , Xin Lin , Ying Huang , Liangyong Qu , Weihai Zhuo , Haikuan Liu
Objective
To utilize radiomics features to enhance the prediction of personalized organ doses from CT scans, in order to explore methods for improving neural network-based models.
Methods
Patient CT DICOM files were processed using DeepViewer to define regions of interest (ROIs) in their organs. Radiomics features were extracted from the CT images and ROIs, and benchmark organ doses were calculated using Monte Carlo simulations. Fully-connected neural networks (FCNN) were trained with radiomics features to predict organ doses. The FCNN model was optimized by adjusting the number of input radiomics features and FCNN layers. Performance was evaluated using relative root mean squared error (RRMSE) and R-squared (R2).
Results
Higher RRMSE and lower R2 values are observed when fewer than 30 input radiomics features are used for head CTs and fewer than 10 for chesst CTs. Increasing input features didn't significantly improve FCNN's performance. For head CTs, FCNN's layer quantities affected predictive stability, with better robustness observed with 4- and 5-layer FCNN. Specifically, the median RRMSE was reduced to 8.14% for the brain, 10.27% for the left eye, and 10.16% for the right eye when using 30 or more radiomics features. For chest CTs, the model's predictive stability was less sensitive to the number of layers, with median RRMSE values of 9.58% for the left lung and 9.44% for the right lung, and R² values of 0.76 for both lungs.
Conclusions
Optimizing feature quantities and neural network layers enhances performance in predicting organ doses from CT scans. Specifically, head CTs show optimal results with 4–5 layers, while chest CTs do not significantly benefit from increased layers.
{"title":"Swift prediction of personalized head and chest organ doses from CT examinations via neural networks with optimized quantity of hidden layers and radiomics features","authors":"Wencheng Shao , Xin Lin , Ying Huang , Liangyong Qu , Weihai Zhuo , Haikuan Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.radmp.2025.02.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.radmp.2025.02.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>To utilize radiomics features to enhance the prediction of personalized organ doses from CT scans, in order to explore methods for improving neural network-based models.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Patient CT DICOM files were processed using DeepViewer to define regions of interest (ROIs) in their organs. Radiomics features were extracted from the CT images and ROIs, and benchmark organ doses were calculated using Monte Carlo simulations. Fully-connected neural networks (FCNN) were trained with radiomics features to predict organ doses. The FCNN model was optimized by adjusting the number of input radiomics features and FCNN layers. Performance was evaluated using relative root mean squared error (<em>RRMSE</em>) and <em>R</em>-squared (<em>R</em><sup>2</sup>).</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Higher RRMSE and lower <em>R</em><sup>2</sup> values are observed when fewer than 30 input radiomics features are used for head CTs and fewer than 10 for chesst CTs. Increasing input features didn't significantly improve FCNN's performance. For head CTs, FCNN's layer quantities affected predictive stability, with better robustness observed with 4- and 5-layer FCNN. Specifically, the median RRMSE was reduced to 8.14% for the brain, 10.27% for the left eye, and 10.16% for the right eye when using 30 or more radiomics features. For chest CTs, the model's predictive stability was less sensitive to the number of layers, with median RRMSE values of 9.58% for the left lung and 9.44% for the right lung, and <em>R</em>² values of 0.76 for both lungs.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Optimizing feature quantities and neural network layers enhances performance in predicting organ doses from CT scans. Specifically, head CTs show optimal results with 4–5 layers, while chest CTs do not significantly benefit from increased layers.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34051,"journal":{"name":"Radiation Medicine and Protection","volume":"6 2","pages":"Pages 81-90"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143847623","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-01Epub Date: 2024-12-31DOI: 10.1016/j.radmp.2024.12.003
Liming Song , Hongfei Sun , Haonan Xiao , Sai Kit Lam , Yuefu Zhan , Ge Ren , Jing Cai
The chest X-ray (CXR) imaging has been the most frequently performed radiographic examination for decades, and its demand continues to grow due to their critical role in diagnosing various diseases. However, the image quality of CXR has long been a factor limiting their diagnostic accuracy. As a post-processing procedure, image enhancement can cost-effectively improve image quality. Recently, the successful application of deep learning (DL) algorithms in medical image analysis has prompted researchers to propose and design DL-based CXR image enhancement algorithms. This review examines advancements in CXR image enhancement methods from 2018 to 2023, categorizing them into four groups: bone suppression, image denoising, super-resolution reconstruction, and contrast enhancement. For each group, the unique approaches, strengths, and challenges are analyzed. The review concludes by discussing shared challenges across these methods and proposing directions for future research.
{"title":"Artificial intelligence for chest X-ray image enhancement","authors":"Liming Song , Hongfei Sun , Haonan Xiao , Sai Kit Lam , Yuefu Zhan , Ge Ren , Jing Cai","doi":"10.1016/j.radmp.2024.12.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.radmp.2024.12.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The chest X-ray (CXR) imaging has been the most frequently performed radiographic examination for decades, and its demand continues to grow due to their critical role in diagnosing various diseases. However, the image quality of CXR has long been a factor limiting their diagnostic accuracy. As a post-processing procedure, image enhancement can cost-effectively improve image quality. Recently, the successful application of deep learning (DL) algorithms in medical image analysis has prompted researchers to propose and design DL-based CXR image enhancement algorithms. This review examines advancements in CXR image enhancement methods from 2018 to 2023, categorizing them into four groups: bone suppression, image denoising, super-resolution reconstruction, and contrast enhancement. For each group, the unique approaches, strengths, and challenges are analyzed. The review concludes by discussing shared challenges across these methods and proposing directions for future research.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34051,"journal":{"name":"Radiation Medicine and Protection","volume":"6 1","pages":"Pages 61-68"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143378154","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-01Epub Date: 2024-08-06DOI: 10.1016/j.radmp.2024.07.003
Minjie Li , Yu Gao , Lin Han , Ping Wang , Jie Li , Junhua Song , Shasha Du , Yunfei Zhang , Yumin Lyu
Objective
To investigate the impacts of radiotherapy (RT) on dicentric chromosomes in peripheral blood lymphocytes of cancer patients, in order to explore the relationship between dicentric chromosomes and RT-induced adverse reactions.
Methods
A total of 33 cancer patients after postoperative RT in a tertiary hospital from October 2021 to May 2022 were enrolled in this study. These patients were grouped according to the grade of acute skin and marrow toxicities determined based on the scoring criteria for acute morbidity developed by the Radiation Therapy Oncology Group (RTOG). Peripheral blood samples were collected from each patient before and after RT, followed by whole-blood lymphocyte culture and chromosome analysis. Dicentric chromosomes were searched automatically using a high-throughput chromosome analysis system and were then confirmed manually. Finally, the relationships of the frequency of dicentric chromosomes (also referred to as the dic frequency) with acute skin and marrow toxicities were assessed.
Results
After RT, the mean counts of white blood cells (WBCs), lymphocytes, and platelets significantly decreased, while the red blood cells (RBCs) and hemoglobin notably increased (P < 0.001), while the dic frequency was elevated remarkably, significantly higher in patients with higher-grade (>1) acute skin toxicities compared to those with lower-grade (=1) acute skin toxicities (Z = −1.985, P = 0.047). However, no significant relationship was observed between the dic frequency and acute marrow toxicity after RT (P > 0.05). Logistic regression showed that radiosensitivity denoted by the post-RT dic frequency in peripheral blood lymphocytes produced insignificant impacts on the severity of RT-induced acute skin toxicities (P = 0.060).
Conclusion
The elevated dic frequency in peripheral blood lymphocytes of cancer patients with higher-grade acute skin toxicities suggests enhanced radiosensitivity of peripheral blood lymphocytes, which is associated with the occurrence of RT-induced adverse reactions.
{"title":"Increased dicentric chromosome in peripheral lymphocytes is related to acute skin toxicity induced by radiotherapy in cancer patients","authors":"Minjie Li , Yu Gao , Lin Han , Ping Wang , Jie Li , Junhua Song , Shasha Du , Yunfei Zhang , Yumin Lyu","doi":"10.1016/j.radmp.2024.07.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.radmp.2024.07.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>To investigate the impacts of radiotherapy (RT) on dicentric chromosomes in peripheral blood lymphocytes of cancer patients, in order to explore the relationship between dicentric chromosomes and RT-induced adverse reactions.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A total of 33 cancer patients after postoperative RT in a tertiary hospital from October 2021 to May 2022 were enrolled in this study. These patients were grouped according to the grade of acute skin and marrow toxicities determined based on the scoring criteria for acute morbidity developed by the Radiation Therapy Oncology Group (RTOG). Peripheral blood samples were collected from each patient before and after RT, followed by whole-blood lymphocyte culture and chromosome analysis. Dicentric chromosomes were searched automatically using a high-throughput chromosome analysis system and were then confirmed manually. Finally, the relationships of the frequency of dicentric chromosomes (also referred to as the dic frequency) with acute skin and marrow toxicities were assessed.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>After RT, the mean counts of white blood cells (WBCs), lymphocytes, and platelets significantly decreased, while the red blood cells (RBCs) and hemoglobin notably increased (<em>P</em> < 0.001), while the dic frequency was elevated remarkably, significantly higher in patients with higher-grade (>1) acute skin toxicities compared to those with lower-grade (=1) acute skin toxicities (<em>Z</em> = −1.985, <em>P</em> = 0.047). However, no significant relationship was observed between the dic frequency and acute marrow toxicity after RT (<em>P</em> > 0.05). Logistic regression showed that radiosensitivity denoted by the post-RT dic frequency in peripheral blood lymphocytes produced insignificant impacts on the severity of RT-induced acute skin toxicities (<em>P</em> = 0.060).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>The elevated dic frequency in peripheral blood lymphocytes of cancer patients with higher-grade acute skin toxicities suggests enhanced radiosensitivity of peripheral blood lymphocytes, which is associated with the occurrence of RT-induced adverse reactions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34051,"journal":{"name":"Radiation Medicine and Protection","volume":"6 1","pages":"Pages 22-27"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143378227","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：
京公网安备 11010802042870号