Oil Crop Science最新文献

Soybean (Glycine max), the primary source of high-quality plant protein, plays a crucial role as a grain and oil crop in China. Harnessing the full potential of symbiotic nitrogen fixation in soybean production holds immense significance for agriculture and ecology alike. Zhongdou 63, a newly developed early-maturing summer soybean cultivar in 2021, exhibits remarkable traits such as high yield, superior quality, multi-resistance, and wide adaptability. In this study, eight distinct rhizobia strains from diverse regions were meticulously screened to identify highly effective strains specifically suited for Zhongdou 63. The aboveground biomass, plant height, chlorophyll content, root length, nodule number, and nodule dry weight of Zhongdou 63 were measured and the data were subjected to statistical analysis. The results demonstrated that Y63-1 is a predominant strain of Zhongdou 63. Subsequently, we conducted further investigations on the broad-spectrum nodulation characteristics of Y63-1. Ten representative soybean cultivars were individually inoculated with Y63-1 and subsequently analyzed for nodule numbers and nodule dry weight in their symbiotic systems with rhizobia. The findings revealed that Y63-1 effectively formed nodules with all ten soybean varieties tested. In summary, our current study identified highly efficient broad-spectrum Bradyrhizobium elkanii strain Y63-1 as the predominant strain in Zhongdou 63 and provided a theoretical foundation for enhancing yield potential not only in Zhongdou 63 but also in other varieties through inoculation with highly efficient rhizobia in production.

Inappropriate use of fertilizers is one of the major production constraints in sesame. Studies on N fertilizer optimization on sesame were conducted at Humera Agricultural Research Center (HuARC) under rain fed and irrigation conditions. Thirteen (13) N doses were evaluated in a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) during 2016–2018 for rainfed conditions and 2017 to 2019 for irrigation conditions. The study was conducted with objective to optimize N fertilizer use for sesame. In the rainfed condition, the results demonstrated a prolonged duration to reach 50% flowering with higher nitrogen (N) application rates. The application of 52.5–110 ​kg ​N ha⁻¹ resulted in significantly higher seed yield, while lower (18 ​kg ​N ha⁻¹) and higher (156 ​kg ​N ha⁻¹) doses of N led to reduced seed yield. Under irrigation conditions, superior seed weights and maximum seed yield were observed at 64 and 75 ​kg ​N ha-1, whereas lower N doses resulted in diminished seed yield. The agronomic efficiency of N fertilizer (N-AE) was found to be highest at the rate of 64 ​kg ​N ha⁻¹ under both growing conditions. The partial budget analysis revealed that applying 64 ​kg ​N ha⁻¹ for rainfed cultivation and between 64 and 75 ​kg ​N ha⁻¹ for irrigated sesame production yielded greater net profit, MRR, and residual ranking. Therefore, it is recommended to apply a rate of 64 ​kg ​N ha⁻¹ for rainfed sesame cultivation and between 64 up to 75 ​kg ​N ha⁻¹ for the irrigated sesame inorder to increase the productivity of this crop.

Milk thistle (Silybum marianum) is a crucial medicinal plant containing a large amount of oil. In the study, the changes in storage oil during seed germination and seedling transition from heterotrophic phases were investigated. The results showed that seed oil decreased from 19.53% to 0.88% on the 7th day of seedling development. Oil hydrolysis continued until the 4th day of germination with a low slope, but then increased the use of oils in seed germination end seedling growth metabolism. The results indicated that the quantitative changes in fatty acids, presented at lower amount, were relatively higher than dominant fatty acids. There were decreasing phenolic content in the developing seedlings, but overall, lowest level of total phenolic content can be attributed to the control (30.52 ​mg· 100 ​g· Oil⁻¹). In contrast, the maximum peroxide value (2.58 meq· kg Oil⁻¹) in the developing seedling was observed on the last day of the experiment. The results showed that there was a significant correlation between saturated fatty acid, unsaturated fatty acid, and lipase activity. However, the correlation between lipase activity and polyunsaturated fatty acids was significantly higher than between lipase activity and monounsaturated fatty acids (R² ​= ​90% and R² ​= ​77%, respectively). Therefore, the lipolysis process acts selectively in milk thistle oils. According to the results, C12:0 exhibits a greater impact on the early seedling growth rather than on the germination process and is one of the determining factors in the transition from heterotroph to autotroph. Also, it can be a marker for TAGs breakdown.

The impact of low-quality irrigation water on plant development has garnered significant attention from researchers. In light of this, two field experiments were conducted to evaluate the performance, yield, oil production and composition, as well as active constituents of Rocket (Eruca sativa Mill) cultivated in calcareous soil under saline water irrigation. Foliar sprays containing condensed molasses soluble (CMS), zinc (Zn), and boron (B) alone or in combination were used for irrigation. The data obtained from measuring various parameters of Rocket following foliar spraying with CMS, Zn, B or their combinations demonstrated that most treatments resulted in a significant increase in these parameters. The highest values for most measurements were observed when foliar application included all three components (CMS ​+ ​Zn ​+ ​B), resulting in a seed yield of 184.6 ​g/m² and an oil content of 675.3 ​kg/ha. Compared to the control group, the macronutrient content of N, P, K, Mg, and Ca increased by 34.4%, 56%, 42%, 45%, and 39% respectively in the seeds treated with these components. Furthermore, carbohydrates, proteins, phenolics flavonoids, and antioxidants showed increases of 24%, 34%, 21%, 43%, and 28% respectively compared to the control group. Gas-liquid chromatography analysis identified ten components present in the seed oil characterized by higher unsaturated fatty acids ranging from 81.28% to 92.28% and lower saturated fatty acids ranging from 6.72% to 8.21%. Therefore, foliar spray application including CMS, zinc, and boron can help alleviate salinity effects on Rocket plants grown under saline water irrigation conditions while improving growth, yield, oil production, and nutritional content such as total carbohydrates, proteins, and macronutrients levels.

Brassica napus (B. napus) is a globally significant oilseed crop, making a substantial contribution to both human oil and livestock feed production. Enhancing seed weight is crucial for improving rapeseed yield; however, only a limited number of seed weight-related genes have been functionally validated in B. napus thus far. UBIQUITIN-SPECIFIC PROTEASE 15 (UBP15) belongs to the ubiquitin protease pathway and plays a maternal role in prolonging seed development in Arabidopsis. The potential utilization of UBP15 for enhancing seed yield in B. napus has remained unexplored until now. In this study, we identified the orthologs of UBP15 in B. napus and investigated its functionality using the CRISPR-Cas9 system. We generated mutant plants with multiple editing types targeting Bnaubp15s and successfully isolated T-DNA-free homozygous mutant lines that exhibited edits across four homologs of BnaUBP15 in T2 generation plants. Our preliminary data demonstrated that mutation of BnaUBP15s significantly reduced seed size, seed weight, and plant height while noticeably increasing the number of primary branches. These findings not only provide crucial evidence for further elucidating the molecular mechanism underlying the regulation of seed weight and size by BnaUBP15s but also offer promising novel germplasm for enhancing plant architecture.

The exploitation of neglected niger accessions plays a crucial role in future breeding programs aimed to enhance the quality. Present study evaluated the genetic variation in nutritional and nutraceutical compositions of 30 indigenous niger accessions originating from Eastern Ghats of India, and compare them with three improved varieties of the locality. The proximate compositions (g/100 ​g) showed significant variations, with moisture ranging from 1.36 ​g to 4.95 ​g, ash from 1.06 ​g to 5.45 ​g, fat from 28.53 ​g to 44.11 ​g, protein from 8.84 ​g to 18.18 ​g, carbohydrate from 11.21 ​g to 35.09 ​g, fiber from 16.32 ​g to 26.62 ​g, and energy from 407.32 ​Kcal to 526.84 ​kcal. Niger seeds are rich in phenol 41.10–82.20 ​mg/g, flavonoid 5.32–15.98 ​μg/g, antioxidant 13.59–31.08% across the accessions. Principal component analysis revealed that the first two axis explained 41.8% of the total variation, indicating significant differences among genotypes. The heritability and genetic advance in percent of mean (GAM) ranged from 61.11% to 99.91% and 12.5%–89.1% among the traits across the populations. High heritability and GAM recorded in vitamin C, ash content, antioxidant capacity, flavonoid and phenol suggests that these traits may be important for niger breeding program. Altogether, some indigenous niger accessions such as Mangardora, Ganjeipadar and Kolabnagar had exceptionally rich in fat, protein and energy contents and are nutritionally superior compared to improved variety of the locality. Further, exceptional rich in flavonoid, antioxidant capacity and vitamin C was recorded in Manahar, Badapada and Mahadeiput. These nutrition rich accessions have ample opportunities for future breeding programs aimed to enhance the quality and hold great potential in food industry for making high value functional food.

High oleic acid rapeseed oil offers superior nutritional and health benefits, but its mass production is limited due to poor resistance and slightly lower yield. Photosynthesis serves as the foundation of biological survival and closely correlates with crop resistance to stresses, yield, and quality. To identify photosynthesis-related genes, transcriptome sequencing was conducted on high oleic acid rapeseed Gaoyousuan No. 1 and low oleic acid rapeseed Xiangyou 15 resulting in the identification of a total of 9396 differentially expressed genes (4669 up-regulated and 4727 down-regulated). From these genes nine candidate genes were screened using GO and KEGG analysis with BnGLO4 being selected for cloning purposes. The BnGLO4 gene fragment has a length of 1161 bp with an ORF sequence of 1092 bp encoding a theoretical isoelectric point of pI 7.60; it encodes an unstable lipid-soluble protein localized in peroxisomes without transmembrane structural domains or signal peptides. Its amino acid sequence homology was highest with that of BnaA01G0355200ZS, BnaA01G0355600ZS, BnaA05G0410400ZS, BnaC01G0441800ZS, and Brassica rapa (XP_0091171 45.1), Brassica napus (CDY39100.1), Brassica cretica (KAF3533604.1) and Brassica oleracea var. oleracea (XP_0136106 44.1) belonging to the same cruciferous family.

The BnGLO4 gene may be associated with responses to abiotic stresses such as salt, drought, and temperature extremes along with photosynthesis and growth in rapeseed plants. The expression levels of the GLO4 gene (BnaA01G0355200 ZS) were highest in filaments while being higher at each stage in seeds and siliques with the highest expression level at day 14 in seeds. Expression was significantly upregulated after 3 ​h of salt stress treatment, reaching a maximum at 12 ​h before slightly decreasing at 24 ​h. The findings of this study lay a foundation for further investigation on photosynthesis and stress response in high oleic rapeseed.

Soil salinity is one of the major environmental constraints that limits crop yield and nearly 7% of the total area worldwide is affected by salinity. Salinity-induced oxidative stress causes membrane damage during germination and seedling growth. Indian mustard is a major oilseed crop in India and its production and productivity are severely affected by salt stress. Breeding Brassica cultivars for salinity tolerance by conventional means is very difficult and time-consuming. Therefore, understanding the molecular components associated with salt tolerance is needed to facilitate breeding for salt tolerance in Brassica. In this investigation, quantitative trait loci (QTLs) associated with salt tolerance were identified using F_2:3 mapping population developed from a cross between CS52 (salinity tolerant) and RH30 (salinity sensitive). Parents and F_2:3 were evaluated under controlled and salinity stress conditions for 14 morpho-physiological traits for two consecutive generations (F₂ and F_2:3), explaining proportion of the phenotypic variance under control condition. Simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers were used for mapping studies. A genetic linkage map based on 42 simple sequence repeats (SSRs) markers was constructed covering 2298.5 ​cM (Haldane) to identify the loci associated with salt tolerance in Brassica juncea. Forty-one SSRs showing polymorphism in the parents (CS52 and RH30) were mapped on 8 linkage groups (C1–C8). One marker (nga 129) did not map to any of the linkage group and was excluded from mapping. Linkage group 5 (C5; 317.9 ​cM) was longest and linkage group 1 (C1, 255.0 ​cM) was shortest. Further, we identified 15 QTLs controlling 8 traits using F_2:3 population. These QTLs explained 12.44–60.63% of the phenotypic variation with a LOD score range of 3.62–5.97. Out of these QTLs, QMI4.1 related to membrane injury showed 51.28% phenotypic variance with a LOD score of 3.34. QTL QBYP8.1 related to biological yield per plant showed 60.63% phenotypic variance at a LOD score of 3.62. The highest LOD score of 5.97 was recorded for QTL related to seed yield per plant (QSYP4.1). Major QTLs were QTL for biological yield per plant (QBYP8.1), QTL for siliquae per plant (QSP4.1), QTL for primary branches (QPB4.1), QTLs for seed per siliqua (QSS4.1, QSS4.2), QTL for seed yield per plant (QSYP4.1), and QTL for membrane injury (QMI8.1) which showed more than 50% phenotypic variance. These QTLs identified in our study need to be confirmed in other populations as well so that these can be used in marker-assisted selection and breeding to enhance salt tolerance in Brassica juncea.

Two field experiments were conducted in the main seasons of 2021/22 ​at the farmers' farm in two districts of southwest Ethiopia to investigate the effects of lime and phosphorus on groundnut yield and yield components, employing four levels of lime (0, 2, 4, and 6 ​t CaCO₃ ha⁻¹) and phosphorus (0, 46, 69, and 92 ​kg P₂O₅ ha⁻¹) arranged in factorial RCBD design with three replications. Data on the yield and its components were collected and subjected to an ANOVA using SAS software. The result demonstrated that plant height, number of branches, canopy spread, and shelling percentage were affected significantly by liming while effective nodule number, total peg, matured pod, and pod yield of groundnut significantly influenced by the main factors and their interactions. The combined application of 4 ​t lime and 46 ​kg P₂O₅ ha⁻¹ resulted in the highest number of effective nodules (147.23 plant⁻¹), total pod (72.6 plant⁻¹), mature pod (62.4 plant⁻¹), pod yield (4.49 ​t ​ha⁻¹), oil content (50.6%) and protein content (33.1%) whereas the lowest values of these parameters were seen in plots where neither lime nor phosphorus was applied. Therefore, it is advised that groundnut growers in the study areas, and similar agro-ecologies, apply the combination of 4 ​t lime and 46 ​kg P₂O₅ ha⁻¹.