Oil Crop Science最新文献

Castor (Ricinus communis L.) is an important tropical oilseed crop, whose oil has versatile, practical value, especially in industries. The present study aimed to estimate the nature and magnitude of variability in the castor germplasm concerning yield and its component traits and physico-biochemical characters. Seed yield per plant and oil content ranged from 80.90 ​g (ICS-165) to 248.30 ​g (RG-3216), and 34.7% (ICS-172) to 58.7% (JI-277), respectively. The iodine value of oil ranged from 76.36 (JI-370) to 89.84 (P2-135) with an average value of 83.02. The mean saponification value of oil was 182.24. The genotypic and phenotypic coefficients of variation were high for acid value, capsules on the main raceme, seed yield per plant, and total length of the main raceme. A positive association of porosity, average unit volume, and total length of the main raceme with seed yield per plant showed that these characters might be directly attributed to seed yield improvement. By Manhattan distances, the 30 genotypes were grouped into 3 clusters. Their genetic diversity was elucidated using SSR and SRAP markers. SRAP marker produced higher mean number of total bands (5.71), polymorphic bands (4.57), percentage polymorphism (83.10%), PIC (1.72), RP (5.90), mean RP (1.02), MR (5.71), EMR (4.57) and MI (1.44) values when compared to SSR (2.89, 2.11, 79.63%, 0.61, 1.90, 0.72, 2.89, 2.11 and 0.49, respectively) marker. The highest genetic distance (0.77) was between 48-1 and JI-370, which indicated that these genotypes could be used in biparental mating schemes, QTL map development, and hybridization programmes to increase oil content and quality for industrial purposes.

Winter rape (Brassica napus L.) is better than other edible oil crops in China, but poor cold resistance is the key factor restricting its development. Hypocotyl length was found closely related to cold tolerance. ​The correlation between hypocotyl length and semi-lethal low temperature was significant, and the highest correlation between hypocotyl length and LT50 of autumn sowing was 0.9557. When the hypocotyl were treated at low temperature, the cells were seriously damaged and formed cavity structures, with cell walls seriously damaged or merged into each other. The positive regulation gene of hypocotyl length in resistant line of VHTSG 10 was identified as HY5 (transcription factor HY5-like) by qPCR, and bZIP transcription factor was found to be its conserved domain. Fused gene by GFP and HY5 from VHTSG 10 was transient transferred into Nicotiana benthamiana cells. Corresponding to the 35S:GFP widely distributed in plasma membrane of leaf epidermis, the fusion protein 35S:HY5-GFP was mainly distributed in nucleus. Thus we regarded BnHY5 gene is a key gene related to cold tolerance and hypocotyl length in B. napus.

Castor bean (Ricinus communis L.) is an economically important non-edible oilseed crop. Its seed oils are rich in hydroxy fatty acid, which are highly valuable with a wide range of industrial applications. Sucrose transportation is critical in regulating the growth, development and oilseed yield in castor bean. The transporters or carriers (SUTs or SUCs) play a central role in orchestrating sucrose allocation and aiding in plant adaptation to diverse stresses. In this study, based on castor bean genome, three RcSUCs (RcSUC2, RcSUC3 and RcSUC4) were identified and characterized. The expressional profiles of RcSUCs in different tissues such as leaf, stem, root, phloem and seed tissues exhibited a distinct divergence of gene expression, suggesting that the functions of RcSUC2, RcSUC3 and RcSUC4 are differentiated into long or short-distance transportation among tissues. Additionally, under abiotic stresses including hot temperature, low temperature, drought and salt stresses, the sugar allocation among leaf, stem and roots was tested. The expressional changes of RcSUCs in leaf, stem and root tissues were associated with sugar transportation and allocation. Taken together, the differential expression of RcSUCs among tissues responsing to abiotic stress suggested functional differences in sucrose transport and redistribution in different tissues. This study is helpful to understand the physiological and molecular mechanisms of sucrose transportation and allocation among tissues in heterotrophic oilseeds, and could provide clues for genetic improvement and optimization of cultivation practices.

The secoisolariciresinol diglycoside (SDG) lignan of oil flax (Linum usitatissimum L.) is influenced by genotype, environment and the interaction of genotype ​× ​environment. This field study was conducted to investigate the effects of genotype and environment on the SDG lignan content, six genotypes (Longya 8, Zhangya 2, Linxiabai, Shandanbai, Gaolanbai, and DYMS) were sown under eight locations (Hohhot, Datong, Minle, Yili, Shuangta, Jingtai, Guyuan, and Zhangjiakou) in 2014 and 2015 in China. The experimental design was a randomized complete block with three replications. Results showed that Longya 8 had the highest SDG lignan content (7.27 ​mg/g) and Shandanbai had the lowest (4.71 ​mg/g) across 16 environments. The SDG lignan content ranged from 4.70 ​mg/g at Datong to 7.74 ​mg/g at Minle Research Station. In the present study, the results indicated that differences among genotypes in SDG lignan content accounted for 51.38% variation of the total variation and environments accounted for 44.40% variation of the total variation. Moreover, we found that the altitude had a positive effect on SDG lignan content of flaxseed, presumably owing to differences in temperature, humidity, sunshine time, etc. These results indicated that the SDG lignan content was genetically controlled, and was also to be influenced by environmental conditions, especially altitude.

Peanut seeds are ideal bioreactors for the production of foreign recombinant proteins or secondary metabolites. Seed-specific promoters (SSPs) can direct the expression of genes specifically in seeds to avoid undesirable effects associated with constitutive expression. However, few SSPs have been identified in peanut. Previous studies have shown that some allergen-encoding genes encode seed storage proteins or exhibit seed-specific/preferential expression. In this study, we characterized allergen-encoding genes from across the genomes of Arachis species to explore seed-specific genes. We found that at least 9 out of 16 identified peanut allergen-encoding genes were expressed specifically in the seeds or were preferentially expressed. A 1493-bp promoter fragment of allergen gene Ara h 1 (we named it AHSSP6) was isolated from cultivated peanut genome. cis-element analysis showed that three RY repeat elements which usually exsisted in seed or embryo specific promoter sequence were also present in AHSSP6 sequence. Histochemical analysis showed AHSSP6 could drive the expression of a β-glucuronidase (GUS) reporter gene specifically in the seeds or cotyledon tissue of transgenic Arabidopsis, while not in other tissues. These findings indicated that these promoters of allergen genes were candidate SSPs, and AHSSP6 was a novel SSP which could be potentially utilized in peanut improvement.

Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) is an important oil and cash crop in the world. Peanut germplasm collected in China are abundant, which provides important material guarantee for peanut breeding and industrial development. Here, the safe conservation technology and indicators of peanut germplasm resources in the Oil Crops Middle-term Genebank of China were expounded from three processes of storage, monitoring, reproduction and renewal. We summarized and reviewed the situation of conservation and utilization of peanut germplasm resources in the Middle-term Genebank in the past 20 years. The future research direction of peanut resources in the Oil Crops Middle-term Genebank of China is prospected.

The International Symposium on Lipid Science and Health (ISLSH), which was organized annually by Oil Crops Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (OCRI-CAAS) since 2016, has gained a strong reputation and attracted hundreds of delegates from around the world for discussion of lipid research trends and advances every year, to promote research and academic exchanges in the fields of lipid science and health. The 5th International Symposium on lipid Science and Health was successfully held in Wuhan, China, from October 23rd to 25th, 2020, to celebrate the 60th anniversary of OCRI-CAAS. The two-day symposium gathered well-known experts specialized in lipid science to share the current state of lipid research with emphasis on aspects covering: (1) lipid profiling and characterization, (2) lipid preparation and modification, (3) lipid improvement and regulation, and (4) lipid nutrition and health. The symposium was conducted by a combination of on-site and network meeting. More than 250 distinguished delegates from academia and industry participated in the on-site multidisciplinary meeting, and thousands of scholars attended the virtual event. This paper is as a record of the symposium proceedings and a brief summary of the advances and trends in 4 aspects of lipid science and health.

Aflatoxins are potent carcinogens, mutagens and teratogens, and are harmful to both humans and animals. As many as 30 genes are involved in aflatoxin biosynthesis. Among them, aflM (ver-1) gene was predicted to encode a 28-kDa NADPH-dependent ketoreductase (AFLM), which catalyzed middle enzymatic steps in aflatoxin biosynthetic pathway. AFLM (Ver-1) was proved to be necessary for conversion of versicolorin A (VERA) to demethylsterigmatocystin (DMST) in aflatoxin B₁ (AFB₁) biosynthesis. For these reasons, aflM gene was cloned and specific monoclonal antibodies for AFLM was developed to better define potential pathways of AFLM involved in AFB₁ biosynthesis. Monoclonal antibodies 11B2-1D7 and 3G5-4E7 were successfully screened out by immunizing mouse. Immunoblot analysis revealed that both had high sensitivity and specificity to identify native AFLM protein in A. flavus with detection limit of 11 ​ng/mL and 8 ​ng/mL respectively. These results showed that it was suitable for quantitative detection of AFLM in A. flavus isolate. Further investigation revealed that aflatoxin accumulations of various A. flavus were not dependent on AFLM biosynthesis. Overall, this is the first report for development for AFLM monoclonal antibody development and application in A. flavus quantitative detection.

Low temperature coupled with high soil moisture during sowing to emergence generally results in poor peanut stand, thereby posing a non-negligible threat to peanut production in north and northeast China. Five high-oleic (HO) peanut cultivars and 4 seed dressing treatments capable of controlling several diseases and insect pests along with untreated checks were used to find the best combinations to cope with the dual stresses during sowing to emergence period. High broad-sense hereditability estimates of seedling emergence indicated great potential for genetic improvement of this trait. Analysis of variance in the split-plot experiment showed that the main effects of variety and seed dressing and their interaction on seedling emergence were significant. Seed dressing treatments increased seedling emergence percentage by 2.09–35.00 percent points. Four of the 5 HO peanut cultivars yielded satisfactory results. For Huayu 665, Huayu 668 and Huayu 965, Huweisanbao may be the best option; for Huayu 962, Weilidan was highly acceptable. These combinations will be evaluated further in multiple environments before large-scale extension.

High-oleic peanuts has been recognized by processing sectors, seed sellers and consumers for their longer shelf life, longer seed life and mutiple healthe benefits. High oleate is becoming a requisite ​for varietal releases in many peanut breeding programs at present. To select desirable parents for high-oleic peanut breeding, the study was conducted to evaluate the combining ability of 5 high-oleic donors from our research team, based on quality of individual single seeds. General combining ability was significant for oleic, linoleic, stearic and palmitic acid, oil and protein, while specific combining ability was significant for the traits except oil. Among them, oil content was found to be conditioned solely by additive gene actions, and for other quality traits, additive gene effects were more important than non-additive gene effects. High-oleic CTW and normal-oleic Xiaojingsheng were selected as the best general combiners for peanut oleic acid improvement. Narrow-sense heritability was high for quality traits other than protein, suggesting that there was high potential for genetic improvement in these traits.