Vegetable oil production from oil palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) is an important industry due to the rising demand every year. The somatic embryogenesis culture can propagate oil palm duplicate as parent plant, which can be selected as breeding material to produce new planting germplasm with high production or disease resistance. This study aims to evaluate the genotypic effect of somatic embryogenesis, while immature leaflets were employed as explants. The culture used embryo induction medium based on Murashige and Skoog (MS) modifications that contained 5 mg/L Naphthalene Acetic acid (NAA) and 0.5 mg/L Benzyl Amino Purine (BAP). The genotypic effect was statistically significant in the percentage of callus induction, producing somatic embryos, and germination embryos. In this study, we successfully cloned thirteen oil palm genotypes (GE-02, GE-03, GE-06, GE-07, GE-09, GE-23, GE-24, GE-27, GE-28, GE-32, GE-33, GE-34, and GE-35), with the highest number of somatic embryos formed on GE-27 with a percentage of 70.1%. The cloning was successful in accelerating the propagation of oil palm for materials breeding programs to create new varieties with high production and disease resistance. It is necessary to observation the performance of these clones in the field in terms of mantle flower appearance.
{"title":"Genotypic effects on accelerated propagation of oil palm breeding materials selected (Elaeis guineensis jacq.) using somatic embryogenesis","authors":"Retno Puji Astari , Mohammad Basyuni , Luthfi A.M. Siregar , Revandy I.M. Damanik , Deni Arifiyanto , Dadang Affandi , Indra Syahputra","doi":"10.1016/j.ocsci.2024.03.005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ocsci.2024.03.005","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Vegetable oil production from oil palm (<em>Elaeis guineensis</em> Jacq.) is an important industry due to the rising demand every year. The somatic embryogenesis culture can propagate oil palm duplicate as parent plant, which can be selected as breeding material to produce new planting germplasm with high production or disease resistance. This study aims to evaluate the genotypic effect of somatic embryogenesis, while immature leaflets were employed as explants. The culture used embryo induction medium based on Murashige and Skoog (MS) modifications that contained 5 mg/L Naphthalene Acetic acid (NAA) and 0.5 mg/L Benzyl Amino Purine (BAP). The genotypic effect was statistically significant in the percentage of callus induction, producing somatic embryos, and germination embryos. In this study, we successfully cloned thirteen oil palm genotypes (GE-02, GE-03, GE-06, GE-07, GE-09, GE-23, GE-24, GE-27, GE-28, GE-32, GE-33, GE-34, and GE-35), with the highest number of somatic embryos formed on GE-27 with a percentage of 70.1%. The cloning was successful in accelerating the propagation of oil palm for materials breeding programs to create new varieties with high production and disease resistance. It is necessary to observation the performance of these clones in the field in terms of mantle flower appearance.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":34095,"journal":{"name":"Oil Crop Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2096242824000265/pdfft?md5=e54a8018d5dd4b5cc02ad5472f988b00&pid=1-s2.0-S2096242824000265-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141027402","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Selenium (Se)-enriched Brassica napus L. is a valuable organic Se supplement. In this study, the fermentation broth enriched with organic Se (FFS) was prepared using Lactobacillus plantarum to ferment the substrate of Se-enriched Brassica napus L. Significant increases were observed after fermentation in total sugars, reducing sugars, soluble proteins, total phenolic content (TPC), and total flavonoid content (TFC). The organic Se was retained at a concentration of 54.75 mg/g in the freeze-dried sample. Principal component analysis and cluster analysis showed good separation between the FFS and unfermented (FS) groups. Fragrant 2-ethyloxetane had the highest content among all volatiles, while sinapine had the highest content among all phenolic compounds. The fermentation process showed remarkable improvement in the abundance and concentration of volatile compounds and phenolic contents, making FFS exhibit strong antioxidant activity and inhibitory capacity against α-glucosidase activity. The bioaccessibility of phenolic compounds was significantly greater in FFS compared to FS. ADMET analysis revealed that the majority of phenolic compounds contained in FFS did not exhibit mutagenicity toxicity, hepatotoxicity, skin sensitization, or blood-brain barrier penetration, indicating a favorable level of biosafety. Overall, our study provides a new insight into the further utilization of Se-enriched Brassica napus L. in foods.
{"title":"The influence of Lactobacillus plantarum fermentation in selenium-enriched Brassica napus L.: changes in the nutritional constituents, bioactivities and bioaccessibility","authors":"Wen Wang, Zhixiong He, Ruiying Zhang, Min Li, Zhenxia Xu, Xia Xiang","doi":"10.1016/j.ocsci.2024.03.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ocsci.2024.03.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Selenium (Se)-enriched <em>Brassica napus</em> L. is a valuable organic Se supplement. In this study, the fermentation broth enriched with organic Se (FFS) was prepared using <em>Lactobacillus plantarum</em> to ferment the substrate of Se-enriched <em>Brassica napus</em> L. Significant increases were observed after fermentation in total sugars, reducing sugars, soluble proteins, total phenolic content (TPC), and total flavonoid content (TFC). The organic Se was retained at a concentration of 54.75 mg/g in the freeze-dried sample. Principal component analysis and cluster analysis showed good separation between the FFS and unfermented (FS) groups. Fragrant 2-ethyloxetane had the highest content among all volatiles, while sinapine had the highest content among all phenolic compounds. The fermentation process showed remarkable improvement in the abundance and concentration of volatile compounds and phenolic contents, making FFS exhibit strong antioxidant activity and inhibitory capacity against α-glucosidase activity. The bioaccessibility of phenolic compounds was significantly greater in FFS compared to FS. ADMET analysis revealed that the majority of phenolic compounds contained in FFS did not exhibit mutagenicity toxicity, hepatotoxicity, skin sensitization, or blood-brain barrier penetration, indicating a favorable level of biosafety. Overall, our study provides a new insight into the further utilization of Se-enriched <em>Brassica napus</em> L. in foods.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":34095,"journal":{"name":"Oil Crop Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2096242824000253/pdfft?md5=3b3fca786e0bc4e2a1cf3b6e0b550235&pid=1-s2.0-S2096242824000253-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141047605","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-01DOI: 10.1016/j.ocsci.2024.04.001
Kenyon J. Nisbett , Abida Alokozai , Su Hyun Elizabeth Ko , G. Adam Mott , Jason C.L. Brown
Among plants, there is considerable variation in lifespan: annuals live less than one year, whereas perennials live for several years, with the longest-living perennial having survived 43,600 years. As proposed by the Disposable Soma Theory, this lifespan variation among plants likely reflects differential investment of limited energy and nutrient resources, with perennials investing more energy and nutrients into biomolecular maintenance compared to annuals in order to ensure persistence over multiple seasons. Such differential investment may be particularly important during periods of exogenous stress, which are known to accelerate biomolecular damage. The present study evaluated this hypothesis using annual and perennial flax (Linum L.) subjected to two exogenous stressors—increased oxidative stress (i.e., foliar H2O2 spraying) and complete prolonged darkness. As chlorophyll has been shown to exhibit degradation in response to changes in environmental conditions, we utilized changes in chlorophyll levels during and after periods of exogenous stress to evaluate our hypotheses. We predicted that i) perennials would exhibit a slower rate of chlorophyll degradation during exposure to exogenous stressors compared to annuals, and ii) perennials would exhibit a faster rate of chlorophyll resynthesis following such exposure compared to annuals. Chlorophyll levels before, during, and after exposure to both exogenous stressors were measured in two separate trails, once using image colour analysis and once using spectrophotometry. While chlorophyll degradation rates in response to oxidative stress did not differ between annuals and perennials, contrary to our predictions, chlorophyll resynthesis rates following such exposure were significantly higher in perennials, as predicted. When plants were subjected to complete prolonged darkness, chlorophyll degradation rates were significantly lower in perennials than annuals, as predicted; however, when plants were subsequently reintroduced to natural photoperiod, chlorophyll resynthesis rates did not consistently differ between annuals and perennials, though they tended to be higher in the latter, as predicted. Overall, our study illuminates that evolutionary transitions between life history strategies in plants have been accompanied by physiological modifications to chlorophyll dynamics that permit perennial species to better maintain chlorophyll levels—and thus photosynthetic energy acquisition—in the face of exogenous stressors, which likely underlies their capacity to survive for multiple growing seasons. Future studies should explore whether other key biomolecules (e.g., proteins, DNA) are also better maintained in perennial plants, especially in the face of exogenous stress.
{"title":"Degradation and resynthesis of chlorophyll during increased oxidative stress and prolonged darkness differ between annual and perennial flax (Linum L.)","authors":"Kenyon J. Nisbett , Abida Alokozai , Su Hyun Elizabeth Ko , G. Adam Mott , Jason C.L. Brown","doi":"10.1016/j.ocsci.2024.04.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ocsci.2024.04.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Among plants, there is considerable variation in lifespan: annuals live less than one year, whereas perennials live for several years, with the longest-living perennial having survived 43,600 years. As proposed by the Disposable Soma Theory, this lifespan variation among plants likely reflects differential investment of limited energy and nutrient resources, with perennials investing more energy and nutrients into biomolecular maintenance compared to annuals in order to ensure persistence over multiple seasons. Such differential investment may be particularly important during periods of exogenous stress, which are known to accelerate biomolecular damage. The present study evaluated this hypothesis using annual and perennial flax (<em>Linum</em> L.) subjected to two exogenous stressors—increased oxidative stress (i.e., foliar H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> spraying) and complete prolonged darkness. As chlorophyll has been shown to exhibit degradation in response to changes in environmental conditions, we utilized changes in chlorophyll levels during and after periods of exogenous stress to evaluate our hypotheses. We predicted that i) perennials would exhibit a slower rate of chlorophyll degradation during exposure to exogenous stressors compared to annuals, and ii) perennials would exhibit a faster rate of chlorophyll resynthesis following such exposure compared to annuals. Chlorophyll levels before, during, and after exposure to both exogenous stressors were measured in two separate trails, once using image colour analysis and once using spectrophotometry. While chlorophyll degradation rates in response to oxidative stress did not differ between annuals and perennials, contrary to our predictions, chlorophyll resynthesis rates following such exposure were significantly higher in perennials, as predicted. When plants were subjected to complete prolonged darkness, chlorophyll degradation rates were significantly lower in perennials than annuals, as predicted; however, when plants were subsequently reintroduced to natural photoperiod, chlorophyll resynthesis rates did not consistently differ between annuals and perennials, though they tended to be higher in the latter, as predicted. Overall, our study illuminates that evolutionary transitions between life history strategies in plants have been accompanied by physiological modifications to chlorophyll dynamics that permit perennial species to better maintain chlorophyll levels—and thus photosynthetic energy acquisition—in the face of exogenous stressors, which likely underlies their capacity to survive for multiple growing seasons. Future studies should explore whether other key biomolecules (e.g., proteins, DNA) are also better maintained in perennial plants, especially in the face of exogenous stress.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":34095,"journal":{"name":"Oil Crop Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2096242824000277/pdfft?md5=b969924d8f3ac81d0f1b75e4a11fd728&pid=1-s2.0-S2096242824000277-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141040216","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-01DOI: 10.1016/j.ocsci.2024.02.002
Farjana Afroz Susmi, Tasmina Islam Simi, Md Nahid Hasan, Md Abdur Rahim
Sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) is an ancient oilseed crop of the Pedaliaceae family with high oil content and potential health benefits. SHI RELATED SEQUENCE (SRS) proteins are the transcription factors (TFs) specific to plants that contain RING-like zinc figure domain and are associated with the regulation of several physiological and biochemical processes. They also play vital roles in plant growth and development such as root formation, leaf development, floral development, hormone biosynthesis, signal transduction, and biotic and abiotic stress responses. Nevertheless, the SRS gene family was not reported in sesame yet. In this study, identification, molecular characterization, phylogenetic relationship, cis-acting regulatory elements, protein-protein interaction, syntenic relationship, duplication events and expression pattern of SRS genes were analyzed in S. indicum. We identified total six SiSRS genes on seven different linkage groups in the S. indicum genome by comparing with the other species, including the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana. The SiSRS genes showed variation in their structure like 2–5 exons and 1–4 introns. Like other species, SiSRS proteins also contained ‘RING-like zinc figure’ and ‘LRP1’ domains. Then, the SiSRS genes were clustered into subclasses via phylogenetic analysis with proteins of S. indicum, A. thaliana, and some other plant species. The cis-acting regulatory elements analysis revealed that the promoter region of SiSRS4 (SIN_1011561) showed the highest 13 and 16 elements for light- and phytohormone-responses whereas, SiSRS1 (SIN_1015187) showed the highest 15 elements for stress-response. The ABREs, or ABA-responsive elements, were found in a maximum of 8 copies in the SiSRS3 (SIN 1009100). Moreover, the available RNA-seq based expression of SiSRS genes revealed variation in expression patterns between stress-treated and non-treated samples, especially in drought and salinity conditions in. S. indicum. Two SiSRS genes like SiSRS1 (SIN_1015187) and SiSRS5 (SIN_1021065), also exhibited variable expression patterns between control vs PEG-treated sesame root samples and three SiSRS genes, including SiSRS1 (SIN_1015187), SiSRS2 (SIN_1003328) and SiSRS5 (SIN_1021065) were responsive to salinity treatments. The present outcomes will encourage more research into the gene expression and functionality analysis of SiSRS genes in S. indicum and other related species.
芝麻(Sesamum indicum L.)是一种古老的油料作物,属于豆科植物,具有很高的含油量和潜在的健康益处。SHI RELATED SEQUENCE(SRS)蛋白是植物特有的转录因子(TFs),含有类 RING 锌图结构域,与多种生理和生化过程的调控有关。它们在植物生长和发育过程中也发挥着重要作用,如根的形成、叶的发育、花的发育、激素的生物合成、信号转导以及生物和非生物胁迫反应。然而,SRS 基因家族在芝麻中尚未见报道。本研究分析了 S. indicum 中 SRS 基因的鉴定、分子特征、系统发育关系、顺式作用调控元件、蛋白-蛋白相互作用、同源关系、重复事件和表达模式。通过与其他物种(包括模式植物拟南芥)的比较,我们在 S. indicum 基因组的 7 个不同连接组上共鉴定出 6 个 SiSRS 基因。SiSRS 基因的结构存在差异,如 2-5 个外显子和 1-4 个内含子。与其他物种一样,SiSRS 蛋白也含有 "RING-like zinc figure "和 "LRP1 "结构域。然后,通过系统发育分析,将 SiSRS 基因与 S. indicum、A. thaliana 和其他一些植物物种的蛋白质聚成亚类。顺式调控元件分析表明,SiSRS4(SIN_1011561)的启动子区域对光和植物激素反应的调控元件最多,分别为13个和16个;而SiSRS1(SIN_1015187)的启动子区域对胁迫反应的调控元件最多,为15个。在 SiSRS3(SIN 1009100)中,ABREs 或 ABA 反应元件最多为 8 个拷贝。此外,现有的基于 RNA-seq 的 SiSRS 基因表达显示,胁迫处理样本和非处理样本之间的表达模式存在差异,尤其是在干旱和盐碱条件下。S. indicum。两个 SiSRS 基因,如 SiSRS1(SIN_1015187)和 SiSRS5(SIN_1021065),在对照与 PEG 处理的芝麻根样品之间也表现出不同的表达模式;三个 SiSRS 基因,包括 SiSRS1(SIN_1015187)、SiSRS2(SIN_1003328)和 SiSRS5(SIN_1021065)对盐分处理有反应。本研究成果将促进对 S. indicum 及其他相关物种 SiSRS 基因的表达和功能分析的更多研究。
{"title":"Genome-wide identification, characterization and functional prediction of the SRS gene family in sesame (Sesamum indicum L.)","authors":"Farjana Afroz Susmi, Tasmina Islam Simi, Md Nahid Hasan, Md Abdur Rahim","doi":"10.1016/j.ocsci.2024.02.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ocsci.2024.02.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Sesame (<em>Sesamum indicum</em> L.) is an ancient oilseed crop of the Pedaliaceae family with high oil content and potential health benefits. SHI RELATED SEQUENCE (SRS) proteins are the transcription factors (TFs) specific to plants that contain RING-like zinc figure domain and are associated with the regulation of several physiological and biochemical processes. They also play vital roles in plant growth and development such as root formation, leaf development, floral development, hormone biosynthesis, signal transduction, and biotic and abiotic stress responses. Nevertheless, the <em>SRS</em> gene family was not reported in sesame yet. In this study, identification, molecular characterization, phylogenetic relationship, <em>cis</em>-acting regulatory elements, protein-protein interaction, syntenic relationship, duplication events and expression pattern of <em>SRS</em> genes were analyzed in <em>S. indicum</em>. We identified total six <em>SiSRS</em> genes on seven different linkage groups in the <em>S. indicum</em> genome by comparing with the other species, including the model plant <em>Arabidopsis thaliana</em>. The <em>SiSRS</em> genes showed variation in their structure like 2–5 exons and 1–4 introns. Like other species, <em>SiSRS</em> proteins also contained ‘RING-like zinc figure’ and ‘LRP1’ domains. Then, the <em>SiSRS</em> genes were clustered into subclasses via phylogenetic analysis with proteins of <em>S. indicum, A. thaliana,</em> and some other plant species. The <em>cis</em>-acting regulatory elements analysis revealed that the promoter region of <em>SiSRS4</em> (SIN_1011561) showed the highest 13 and 16 elements for light- and phytohormone-responses whereas, <em>SiSRS1</em> (SIN_1015187) showed the highest 15 elements for stress-response. The ABREs, or ABA-responsive elements, were found in a maximum of 8 copies in the <em>SiSRS3</em> (SIN 1009100). Moreover, the available RNA-seq based expression of <em>SiSRS</em> genes revealed variation in expression patterns between stress-treated and non-treated samples, especially in drought and salinity conditions in<em>. S. indicum</em>. Two <em>SiSRS</em> genes like <em>SiSRS1</em> (SIN_1015187) and <em>SiSRS5</em> (SIN_1021065), also exhibited variable expression patterns between control vs PEG-treated sesame root samples and three <em>SiSRS</em> genes, including <em>SiSRS1</em> (SIN_1015187), <em>SiSRS2</em> (SIN_1003328) and <em>SiSRS5</em> (SIN_1021065) were responsive to salinity treatments. The present outcomes will encourage more research into the gene expression and functionality analysis of <em>SiSRS</em> genes in <em>S. indicum</em> and other related species.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":34095,"journal":{"name":"Oil Crop Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S209624282400023X/pdfft?md5=0cd76ea160e1d59de15781e7269a12b2&pid=1-s2.0-S209624282400023X-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141055515","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-01DOI: 10.1016/j.ocsci.2024.06.002
We Si, Ruisheng Wang, Mingde Wu, Long Yang, Guoqing Li, Jing Zhang
{"title":"Corrigendum to “Identification and virulence test of a new pathogen that causes verticillium striping on rapeseed in northwestern China” [Oil Crop Sci. (2024), doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ocsci.2023.12.005]","authors":"We Si, Ruisheng Wang, Mingde Wu, Long Yang, Guoqing Li, Jing Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.ocsci.2024.06.002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ocsci.2024.06.002","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":34095,"journal":{"name":"Oil Crop Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2096242824000307/pdfft?md5=2511a3d36c2728288392e0e19e669f91&pid=1-s2.0-S2096242824000307-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141314844","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-01DOI: 10.1016/j.ocsci.2024.03.003
Fentanesh Chekole Kassie , Gilles Chaix , Hermine Bille Ngalle , Maguette Seye , Coura Fall , Hodo-Abalo Tossim , Aissatou Sambou , Olivier Gibert , Fabrice Davrieux , Joseph Martin Bell , Jean-François Rami , Daniel Fonceka , Joël Romaric Nguepjop
Peanut is a worldwide oilseed crop and the need to assess germplasm in a non-destructive manner is important for seed nutritional breeding. In this study, Near Infrared Spectroscopy (NIRS) was applied to rapidly assess germplasm variability from whole seed of 699 samples, field-collected and assembled in four genetic and environment-based sets: one set of 300 varieties of a core-collection and three sets of 133 genotypes of an interspecific population, evaluated in three environments in a large spatial scale of two countries, Mbalmayo and Bafia in Cameroon and Nioro in Senegal, under rainfed conditions. NIR elemental spectra were gathered on six subsets of seeds of each sample, after three rotation scans, with a spectral resolution of 16 cm-1 over the spectral range of 867 nm to 2530 nm. Spectra were then processed by principal component analysis (PCA) coupled with Partial least squares-discriminant analysis (PLS-DA). As results, a huge variability was found between varieties and genotypes for all NIR wavelength within and between environments. The magnitude of genetic variation was particularly observed at 11 relevant wavelengths such as 1723 nm, usually related to oil content and fatty acid composition. PCA yielded the most chemical attributes in three significant PCs (i.e., eigenvalues >10), which together captured 93% of the total variation, revealing genetic and environment structure of varieties and genotypes into four clusters, corresponding to the four samples sets. The pattern of genetic variability of the interspecific population covers, remarkably half of spectrum of the core-collection, turning out to be the largest. Interestingly, a PLS-DA model was developed and a strong accuracy of 99.6% was achieved for the four sets, aiming to classify each seed sample according to environment origin. The confusion matrix achieved for the two sets of Bafia and Nioro showed 100% of instances classified correctly with 100% at both sensitivity and specificity, confirming that their seed quality was different from each other and all other samples. Overall, NIRS chemometrics is useful to assess and distinguish seeds from different environments and highlights the value of the interspecific population and core-collection, as a source of nutritional diversity, to support the breeding efforts.
{"title":"Application of near-infrared spectroscopy for fast germplasm analysis and classification in multi-environment using intact-seed peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.)","authors":"Fentanesh Chekole Kassie , Gilles Chaix , Hermine Bille Ngalle , Maguette Seye , Coura Fall , Hodo-Abalo Tossim , Aissatou Sambou , Olivier Gibert , Fabrice Davrieux , Joseph Martin Bell , Jean-François Rami , Daniel Fonceka , Joël Romaric Nguepjop","doi":"10.1016/j.ocsci.2024.03.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ocsci.2024.03.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Peanut is a worldwide oilseed crop and the need to assess germplasm in a non-destructive manner is important for seed nutritional breeding. In this study, Near Infrared Spectroscopy (NIRS) was applied to rapidly assess germplasm variability from whole seed of 699 samples, field-collected and assembled in four genetic and environment-based sets: one set of 300 varieties of a core-collection and three sets of 133 genotypes of an interspecific population, evaluated in three environments in a large spatial scale of two countries, Mbalmayo and Bafia in Cameroon and Nioro in Senegal, under rainfed conditions. NIR elemental spectra were gathered on six subsets of seeds of each sample, after three rotation scans, with a spectral resolution of 16 cm<sup>-1</sup> over the spectral range of 867 nm to 2530 nm. Spectra were then processed by principal component analysis (PCA) coupled with Partial least squares-discriminant analysis (PLS-DA). As results, a huge variability was found between varieties and genotypes for all NIR wavelength within and between environments. The magnitude of genetic variation was particularly observed at 11 relevant wavelengths such as 1723 nm, usually related to oil content and fatty acid composition. PCA yielded the most chemical attributes in three significant PCs (i.e., eigenvalues >10), which together captured 93% of the total variation, revealing genetic and environment structure of varieties and genotypes into four clusters, corresponding to the four samples sets. The pattern of genetic variability of the interspecific population covers, remarkably half of spectrum of the core-collection, turning out to be the largest. Interestingly, a PLS-DA model was developed and a strong accuracy of 99.6% was achieved for the four sets, aiming to classify each seed sample according to environment origin. The confusion matrix achieved for the two sets of Bafia and Nioro showed 100% of instances classified correctly with 100% at both sensitivity and specificity, confirming that their seed quality was different from each other and all other samples. Overall, NIRS chemometrics is useful to assess and distinguish seeds from different environments and highlights the value of the interspecific population and core-collection, as a source of nutritional diversity, to support the breeding efforts.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":34095,"journal":{"name":"Oil Crop Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2096242824000241/pdfft?md5=c346609e816dacff868dbdf230d628b2&pid=1-s2.0-S2096242824000241-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141046499","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-01DOI: 10.1016/j.ocsci.2024.01.002
Nathalia E. Silva , Mariana G. Aguilar , Osania E. Ferreira , Gleicia M. Paulino , Jaqueline C.L. Carvalho , Lúcia P.S. Pimenta , Alan R.T. Machado
The use of biochar can have several effects on plant germination, depending on raw material, preparation method and application dose. However, the molecular mechanisms that lead to those results have yet to be elucidated. The aim of this research was to improve the understanding of these mechanisms by characterizing the metabolic effects of sugarcane bagasse biochar on soybean germination. Three types of biochars were prepared by pyrolysis at 300 °C (SCB300), 400 °C (SCB400) and 600 °C (SCB600). Then, each one was mixed into sand at 1%, 3%, 5% (w/w) dose, respectively. The experiment was performed in 8 days of incubation, when the number of germinated seeds and the average radicle length were determined. To evaluate the metabolome, the dry biomass (DB) was subjected to extraction with a mixture of methanol-d4 and D2O (1:1 v/v). The extracts were submitted to metabolomics analysis by Proton Nuclear Magnetic Resonance. The Relative Germination, Relative Average Radicle Growth and Germination Index increased in all treatments compared to control. On the other hand, the DB increased in all treatments, except for SCB300, at doses of 1% and 3% w/w. Seven metabolites (alanine, asparagine, acetic acid, citric acid, glycerol, fatty acids and sucrose) were identified and quantified in DB extracts as the most influential finding for the separation of treatments. Taken together, these results strongly suggested that biochars accelerated the catabolism of triacylglycerols to sucrose and induced a slight osmotic stress.
生物炭的使用可对植物发芽产生多种影响,具体取决于原料、制备方法和施用剂量。然而,导致这些结果的分子机制仍有待阐明。本研究的目的是通过分析甘蔗渣生物炭对大豆发芽的代谢作用,加深对这些机制的理解。通过在 300 °C (SCB300)、400 °C (SCB400) 和 600 °C (SCB600) 下热解制备了三种生物炭。然后,分别以 1%、3%、5%(重量比)的剂量将每种生物炭混入沙子中。实验经过 8 天的培养,测定了发芽种子的数量和平均胚根长度。为了评估代谢组,用甲醇-d4 和 D2O(1:1 v/v)的混合物萃取干生物质(DB)。提取物通过质子核磁共振进行代谢组学分析。与对照组相比,所有处理的相对发芽率、相对平均胚根生长量和发芽指数都有所提高。另一方面,在 1%和 3% w/w 剂量下,除 SCB300 外,其他处理的 DB 均有所增加。在 DB 提取物中鉴定并量化了七种代谢物(丙氨酸、天冬酰胺、乙酸、柠檬酸、甘油、脂肪酸和蔗糖),这是对各处理的分离最有影响的发现。总之,这些结果有力地表明,生物碳酸钙加速了三酰甘油向蔗糖的分解,并诱发了轻微的渗透压力。
{"title":"Effect of biochar on the metabolome of soybean seedlings","authors":"Nathalia E. Silva , Mariana G. Aguilar , Osania E. Ferreira , Gleicia M. Paulino , Jaqueline C.L. Carvalho , Lúcia P.S. Pimenta , Alan R.T. Machado","doi":"10.1016/j.ocsci.2024.01.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ocsci.2024.01.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The use of biochar can have several effects on plant germination, depending on raw material, preparation method and application dose. However, the molecular mechanisms that lead to those results have yet to be elucidated. The aim of this research was to improve the understanding of these mechanisms by characterizing the metabolic effects of sugarcane bagasse biochar on soybean germination. Three types of biochars were prepared by pyrolysis at 300 °C (SCB300), 400 °C (SCB400) and 600 °C (SCB600). Then, each one was mixed into sand at 1%, 3%, 5% (w/w) dose, respectively. The experiment was performed in 8 days of incubation, when the number of germinated seeds and the average radicle length were determined. To evaluate the metabolome, the dry biomass (DB) was subjected to extraction with a mixture of methanol-<em>d</em><sub>4</sub> and D<sub>2</sub>O (1:1 v/v). The extracts were submitted to metabolomics analysis by Proton Nuclear Magnetic Resonance. The Relative Germination, Relative Average Radicle Growth and Germination Index increased in all treatments compared to control. On the other hand, the DB increased in all treatments, except for SCB300, at doses of 1% and 3% w/w. Seven metabolites (alanine, asparagine, acetic acid, citric acid, glycerol, fatty acids and sucrose) were identified and quantified in DB extracts as the most influential finding for the separation of treatments. Taken together, these results strongly suggested that biochars accelerated the catabolism of triacylglycerols to sucrose and induced a slight osmotic stress.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":34095,"journal":{"name":"Oil Crop Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2096242824000149/pdfft?md5=34617cd6225d9c55f479d1b7c932b9ea&pid=1-s2.0-S2096242824000149-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140271512","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-01DOI: 10.1016/j.ocsci.2023.12.007
Farid Hellal , Saied El Sayed , Amany Abdel Mohsen Ramadan , Doaa M. Abobasha
Two field experiments were conducted during the main seasons of 2021/2022 at the Research and Production Station of National Research Centre in Egypt to investigate the effects of farmyard manure (FYM) and boron on Canola growth, yield, oil yield, and quality. The results unequivocally demonstrated that the combined application of FYM at a rate of 14.4 ton ha−1 with a foliar spray of boron at 100ppm positively influenced plant characteristics, leading to enhanced growth rates and higher yields compared to the control group. Moreover, this integrated approach significantly improved nutrient content by enhancing levels of oil content, carbohydrates, proteins, phenolics, flavonoids, and total soluble sugars. These findings provide compelling evidence that utilizing farm manure along with boron can effectively enhance Canola properties in newly reclaimed soils while promoting sustainable agricultural practices.
{"title":"The combined effects of farm yard manure and boron application on growth, and oil quality of canola grown under newly reclaimed soils","authors":"Farid Hellal , Saied El Sayed , Amany Abdel Mohsen Ramadan , Doaa M. Abobasha","doi":"10.1016/j.ocsci.2023.12.007","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ocsci.2023.12.007","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Two field experiments were conducted during the main seasons of 2021/2022 at the Research and Production Station of National Research Centre in Egypt to investigate the effects of farmyard manure (FYM) and boron on Canola growth, yield, oil yield, and quality. The results unequivocally demonstrated that the combined application of FYM at a rate of 14.4 ton ha<sup>−1</sup> with a foliar spray of boron at 100ppm positively influenced plant characteristics, leading to enhanced growth rates and higher yields compared to the control group. Moreover, this integrated approach significantly improved nutrient content by enhancing levels of oil content, carbohydrates, proteins, phenolics, flavonoids, and total soluble sugars. These findings provide compelling evidence that utilizing farm manure along with boron can effectively enhance Canola properties in newly reclaimed soils while promoting sustainable agricultural practices.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":34095,"journal":{"name":"Oil Crop Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2096242824000137/pdfft?md5=fe3a8863d91be4107203a43f0ec51a2e&pid=1-s2.0-S2096242824000137-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140276984","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-01DOI: 10.1016/j.ocsci.2023.12.003
A. Norziha , Z. Zamri , Y. Zulkifli , A.M. Fadila , M. Marhalil
Oil palm germplasm collected from Angola, Africa in 1991 were subjected to genetic variability potential studies. The collection was planted in the form of open-pollinated families as trials at the Malaysian Palm Oil Board (MPOB) Kluang Research Station, Johor, Malaysia, in 1994. Dura palms from 52 families and tenera palms from 44 families of MPOB-Angola were evaluated for their bunch yield and bunch quality components. The objectives of this study were to determine the genetic variability among the families and performance of MPOB-Angola germplasm for yield improvement. The analysis of variance (ANOVA) revealed highly significant differences between the dura and tenera families for most of the traits, suggesting the presence of high genetic variability, which is essential for breeding programmes. Among the duras, family AGO 02.02 displayed the best yield performance, with a high fresh fruit bunch, oil yield and total economic product at 240.40, 29.46 and 37.93 kg palm−1 year−1, respectively. As for the teneras, family AGO 03.04 recorded the highest FFB yield and oil yield at 249.25 and 45.22 kg palm−1 year−1, respectively. Besides that, several families with big fruit sizes or producing a mean fruit weight of 14–17 g were also identified. Both dura and tenera from AGO 01.01 recorded the highest oil to bunch (O/B) of 17.76% and 28.65%, respectively. These findings will facilitate the selection of palms from the MPOB-Angola germplasm for future breeding programmes.
{"title":"Selection criteria of MPOB-Angola germplasm collection for yield improvement of the oil palm","authors":"A. Norziha , Z. Zamri , Y. Zulkifli , A.M. Fadila , M. Marhalil","doi":"10.1016/j.ocsci.2023.12.003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ocsci.2023.12.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Oil palm germplasm collected from Angola, Africa in 1991 were subjected to genetic variability potential studies. The collection was planted in the form of open-pollinated families as trials at the Malaysian Palm Oil Board (MPOB) Kluang Research Station, Johor, Malaysia, in 1994. <em>Dura</em> palms from 52 families and <em>tenera</em> palms from 44 families of MPOB-Angola were evaluated for their bunch yield and bunch quality components. The objectives of this study were to determine the genetic variability among the families and performance of MPOB-Angola germplasm for yield improvement. The analysis of variance (ANOVA) revealed highly significant differences between the <em>dura</em> and <em>tenera</em> families for most of the traits, suggesting the presence of high genetic variability, which is essential for breeding programmes. Among the <em>duras</em>, family AGO 02.02 displayed the best yield performance, with a high fresh fruit bunch, oil yield and total economic product at 240.40, 29.46 and 37.93 kg palm<sup>−1</sup> year<sup>−1</sup>, respectively. As for the <em>teneras</em>, family AGO 03.04 recorded the highest FFB yield and oil yield at 249.25 and 45.22 kg palm<sup>−1</sup> year<sup>−1</sup>, respectively. Besides that, several families with big fruit sizes or producing a mean fruit weight of 14–17 g were also identified. Both dura and tenera from AGO 01.01 recorded the highest oil to bunch (O/B) of 17.76% and 28.65%, respectively. These findings will facilitate the selection of palms from the MPOB-Angola germplasm for future breeding programmes.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":34095,"journal":{"name":"Oil Crop Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2096242824000071/pdfft?md5=f0652dd7412b2edb681d99c8a433a102&pid=1-s2.0-S2096242824000071-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140062694","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}