Oil Crop Science最新文献

Sesame production is important in agriculture, food industry, and the crop diversity due to its rich nutritional profile and health benefits. Despite its significant value, sesame is still an orphan crop that has received little scientific attention, resulting in low yield compared to other major oilseed crops. This review offers a comprehensive overview of the present state of production, knowledge, and research advancements concerning Sesamum indicum on a global scale. The FAOSTAT database was extensively used to examine the global trends from 1961 to 2021. In the past 60 years, global sesame production has substantially increased, with Asia and Africa being the primary producers. The integration of omics technologies and biotechnological interventions has revolutionized our understanding of the genetic basis of sesame, enhanced productivity, invigorated stress resilience, and improved seed quality. High-throughput sequencing methods such as RNA-seq, RAD-seq, SLAF-seq, and GBS technology are used in various studies, linkage mapping, and identification of trait-associated markers. Fine linkage maps, and multi-omics studies such as genomics, proteomics, transcriptomics, and metabolomics have been employed in sesame research for gene and QTL mapping. Proteins and metabolic pathways related to oil content, yield, and stress tolerance were reported. Genes and QTLs related to yield and its components, drought, salt, and osmotic stress tolerance were discovered. Candidate genes associated with capsule shattering and seed shattering were recently revealed. For more achievement in sesame, it is important to enhance sesame production efficiency through mechanization, advanced agricultural practices, and knowledge dissemination to farmers. MAS and multi-omics integration should be particularly reinforced. The advancements in sesame production present a significant and promising opportunity for farmers, governments, and stakeholders in the agricultural sector.

Effective calcium (Ca) management is crucial for optimizing oil palm cultivation and enhancing crop yield. This study aimed to gain insights into the dynamics of Ca concentration, accumulation, exportation, immobilization, and recycling in various oil palm organs relative to plant age. The experiment was conducted at the Agropalma enterprise site in the northeastern region of Pará State, Brazil, evaluating seven plant age treatments: 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, and 8 years old. Employing a completely randomized design with four replications. The results demonstrated an age-related increase in Ca concentration in petioles, rachis, arrows, male inflorescences, peduncles, and fruits. Furthermore, Ca accumulation exhibited an upward trend in all organs with progressing plant age. Notably, the study revealed an enhanced Ca use efficiency across all plant organs in correlation with the age of oil palm cultivation. These findings underscore the dynamic nutritional demands of oil palm, influencing Ca immobilization, cycling, and export throughout its developmental stages.

Flax is considered to be one of the most significant dual-purpose crops for oil and fiber production in Egypt and worldwide. Biofertilizers have a substantial impact on various metabolic processes, including increased photosynthesis, endogenous hormone levels, ion absorption, nucleic acid synthesis, and protein synthesis. These factors collectively contribute to the growth and development of plants. Therefore, this study aims to investigate how three biofertilizers (Algae extract, CMS as a by-product of yeast, and Metalosate multi minerals as amino acids) can enhance both the quantity and quality of flax seed yield under sandy soil conditions. Two field experiments were conducted at the Experimental Station of National Research Centre in Nubaria District, Behira Governorate, Egypt during two seasons (2021/2022) using a randomized complete block design (RCBD). The results revealed significant differences among all tested biofertilizers in terms of various characteristics studied in flax. Foliar application of algae extract at a rate of 1.50 ​mL/L resulted in an increase in seed yield (ton/ha) by 26.69% & 19.89%, straw yield (ton/ha) by 8.08% & 17.12%, and oil yield (kg/ha) by 47.72% & 33.69% compared to the control group during both seasons respectively. Foliar applications of algae extract at a rate of 1.5 ​mL/L along with CMS at a rate of 5 ​mL/L and amino acids at a rate of 1.5 ​mL/L demonstrated significantly higher macronutrient contents (N, P, K), micronutrient contents (Fe, Zn, Mn), seed oil content, and protein content in flax seeds during both seasons. The highest values for seed oil content and protein content % were obtained through foliar application of amino acids at a rate of 1.50 ​mL/L. It can be concluded that foliar sprays with these biofertilizers effectively improved flax performance by increasing seed straw and oil yields, nutrients oil, protein and fatty acids seeds contents.

The manuscript explores the complex interplay between groundnut genotypes, salt tolerance and hormonal influence, shedding light on the dynamic responses of three specific groundnut genotypes, KDG-128, TG-37 ​A and GG-20, to salt treatments and gibberellic acid (GA₃). The study encompasses germination, plant growth, total protein content and oil content as key parameters. Through comprehensive analysis, it identifies TG-37 ​A and KDG-128 as salt-tolerant genotypes, and GG-20 as salt-susceptible genotypes, which highlighting the potential for targeted breeding efforts to develop more resilient groundnut varieties. Moreover, the quantification of protein and oil content under different treatments provides vital data for optimizing nutritional profiles in groundnut cultivars. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) underscores the significance of the first principal component (PC1) in explaining the majority of variance, capturing primary trends and differences in plant length. Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and hierarchical analysis confirm the presence of statistically significant differences in protein and oil content among the genotypes. Pearson's correlation coefficient matrix analysis reveals strong positive correlations between plant length and protein content, plant length and oil content, and a moderately positive correlation between protein content and oil content. These findings provide valuable insights into groundnut physiology, salt tolerance, and nutritional composition, with implications for future research in sustainable agriculture and crop improvement.

Vegetable oil production from oil palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) is an important industry due to the rising demand every year. The somatic embryogenesis culture can propagate oil palm duplicate as parent plant, which can be selected as breeding material to produce new planting germplasm with high production or disease resistance. This study aims to evaluate the genotypic effect of somatic embryogenesis, while immature leaflets were employed as explants. The culture used embryo induction medium based on Murashige and Skoog (MS) modifications that contained 5 ​mg/L Naphthalene Acetic acid (NAA) and 0.5 ​mg/L Benzyl Amino Purine (BAP). The genotypic effect was statistically significant in the percentage of callus induction, producing somatic embryos, and germination embryos. In this study, we successfully cloned thirteen oil palm genotypes (GE-02, GE-03, GE-06, GE-07, GE-09, GE-23, GE-24, GE-27, GE-28, GE-32, GE-33, GE-34, and GE-35), with the highest number of somatic embryos formed on GE-27 with a percentage of 70.1%. The cloning was successful in accelerating the propagation of oil palm for materials breeding programs to create new varieties with high production and disease resistance. It is necessary to observation the performance of these clones in the field in terms of mantle flower appearance.

Selenium (Se)-enriched Brassica napus L. is a valuable organic Se supplement. In this study, the fermentation broth enriched with organic Se (FFS) was prepared using Lactobacillus plantarum to ferment the substrate of Se-enriched Brassica napus L. Significant increases were observed after fermentation in total sugars, reducing sugars, soluble proteins, total phenolic content (TPC), and total flavonoid content (TFC). The organic Se was retained at a concentration of 54.75 ​mg/g in the freeze-dried sample. Principal component analysis and cluster analysis showed good separation between the FFS and unfermented (FS) groups. Fragrant 2-ethyloxetane had the highest content among all volatiles, while sinapine had the highest content among all phenolic compounds. The fermentation process showed remarkable improvement in the abundance and concentration of volatile compounds and phenolic contents, making FFS exhibit strong antioxidant activity and inhibitory capacity against α-glucosidase activity. The bioaccessibility of phenolic compounds was significantly greater in FFS compared to FS. ADMET analysis revealed that the majority of phenolic compounds contained in FFS did not exhibit mutagenicity toxicity, hepatotoxicity, skin sensitization, or blood-brain barrier penetration, indicating a favorable level of biosafety. Overall, our study provides a new insight into the further utilization of Se-enriched Brassica napus L. in foods.

Among plants, there is considerable variation in lifespan: annuals live less than one year, whereas perennials live for several years, with the longest-living perennial having survived 43,600 years. As proposed by the Disposable Soma Theory, this lifespan variation among plants likely reflects differential investment of limited energy and nutrient resources, with perennials investing more energy and nutrients into biomolecular maintenance compared to annuals in order to ensure persistence over multiple seasons. Such differential investment may be particularly important during periods of exogenous stress, which are known to accelerate biomolecular damage. The present study evaluated this hypothesis using annual and perennial flax (Linum L.) subjected to two exogenous stressors—increased oxidative stress (i.e., foliar H₂O₂ spraying) and complete prolonged darkness. As chlorophyll has been shown to exhibit degradation in response to changes in environmental conditions, we utilized changes in chlorophyll levels during and after periods of exogenous stress to evaluate our hypotheses. We predicted that i) perennials would exhibit a slower rate of chlorophyll degradation during exposure to exogenous stressors compared to annuals, and ii) perennials would exhibit a faster rate of chlorophyll resynthesis following such exposure compared to annuals. Chlorophyll levels before, during, and after exposure to both exogenous stressors were measured in two separate trails, once using image colour analysis and once using spectrophotometry. While chlorophyll degradation rates in response to oxidative stress did not differ between annuals and perennials, contrary to our predictions, chlorophyll resynthesis rates following such exposure were significantly higher in perennials, as predicted. When plants were subjected to complete prolonged darkness, chlorophyll degradation rates were significantly lower in perennials than annuals, as predicted; however, when plants were subsequently reintroduced to natural photoperiod, chlorophyll resynthesis rates did not consistently differ between annuals and perennials, though they tended to be higher in the latter, as predicted. Overall, our study illuminates that evolutionary transitions between life history strategies in plants have been accompanied by physiological modifications to chlorophyll dynamics that permit perennial species to better maintain chlorophyll levels—and thus photosynthetic energy acquisition—in the face of exogenous stressors, which likely underlies their capacity to survive for multiple growing seasons. Future studies should explore whether other key biomolecules (e.g., proteins, DNA) are also better maintained in perennial plants, especially in the face of exogenous stress.

Sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) is an ancient oilseed crop of the Pedaliaceae family with high oil content and potential health benefits. SHI RELATED SEQUENCE (SRS) proteins are the transcription factors (TFs) specific to plants that contain RING-like zinc figure domain and are associated with the regulation of several physiological and biochemical processes. They also play vital roles in plant growth and development such as root formation, leaf development, floral development, hormone biosynthesis, signal transduction, and biotic and abiotic stress responses. Nevertheless, the SRS gene family was not reported in sesame yet. In this study, identification, molecular characterization, phylogenetic relationship, cis-acting regulatory elements, protein-protein interaction, syntenic relationship, duplication events and expression pattern of SRS genes were analyzed in S. indicum. We identified total six SiSRS genes on seven different linkage groups in the S. indicum genome by comparing with the other species, including the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana. The SiSRS genes showed variation in their structure like 2–5 exons and 1–4 introns. Like other species, SiSRS proteins also contained ‘RING-like zinc figure’ and ‘LRP1’ domains. Then, the SiSRS genes were clustered into subclasses via phylogenetic analysis with proteins of S. indicum, A. thaliana, and some other plant species. The cis-acting regulatory elements analysis revealed that the promoter region of SiSRS4 (SIN_1011561) showed the highest 13 and 16 elements for light- and phytohormone-responses whereas, SiSRS1 (SIN_1015187) showed the highest 15 elements for stress-response. The ABREs, or ABA-responsive elements, were found in a maximum of 8 copies in the SiSRS3 (SIN 1009100). Moreover, the available RNA-seq based expression of SiSRS genes revealed variation in expression patterns between stress-treated and non-treated samples, especially in drought and salinity conditions in. S. indicum. Two SiSRS genes like SiSRS1 (SIN_1015187) and SiSRS5 (SIN_1021065), also exhibited variable expression patterns between control vs PEG-treated sesame root samples and three SiSRS genes, including SiSRS1 (SIN_1015187), SiSRS2 (SIN_1003328) and SiSRS5 (SIN_1021065) were responsive to salinity treatments. The present outcomes will encourage more research into the gene expression and functionality analysis of SiSRS genes in S. indicum and other related species.