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Изменения растительных сообществ арктической Чукотки в изотопные стадии 40-49 北极长袜植物群落的变化成同位素阶段40-49
Pub Date : 2023-03-30 DOI: 10.34078/1814-0998-2023-1-33-43
A. V. Lozhkin, P. Anderson
The palynological record from Lake El'gygytgyn, spanning the interval between c. 1.286 and 1.492 million years ago, shows repeated changes in plant communities in Arctic Chukotka, which reflect variations in glacial, interstadial, and interglacial climatic conditions. Thirteen pollen zones were defined, corresponding to marine oxygen isotope stages 40-49. The consistent presence of Larix pollen in these pollen spectra indicates that even under extremely severe climatic conditions that occurred in areas of the Anadyr plateau and Lake El'gygytgyn during the Calabrian Age, larch forest-tundra survived. The continued presence of forest habitats differs sharply from the herb- dominated tundra that characterized many glacial intervals in the Arctic during the Middle and Late Pleisto?ene. The warmest climate within the 1.286-1.492 million year interval, seen in pollen zone 9, appeared during isotope stage 43. The maximum in cold conditions occurred during the second half of isotope stage 44 (pollen zone 8).
El’gygytgyn湖孢粉记录的时间跨度为122.86 ~ 149.2万年前,反映了北极楚科奇地区植物群落的反复变化,反映了冰期、间冰期和间冰期气候条件的变化。确定了13个花粉带,对应于海洋氧同位素阶段40-49。这些花粉谱中一致存在的落叶松花粉表明,即使在卡拉布里亚时代阿纳德尔高原和El'gygytgyn湖地区极端恶劣的气候条件下,落叶松森林苔原也存活了下来。森林栖息地的持续存在与以草本植物为主的苔原截然不同,后者是更新世中期和晚期北极许多冰期的特征。1286 ~ 149.2万年间隔内最温暖的气候出现在同位素阶段43,见于花粉带9。在寒冷条件下,同位素阶段44的后半段(花粉带8)达到最大值。
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引用次数: 0
Динамика и структура промышленного производства в Магаданской области в 1990-2020 гг.: новый подход к оценке тенденций 1990-2020年马加丹地区工业生产的动态和结构:评估趋势的新方法
Pub Date : 2022-12-30 DOI: 10.34078/1814-0998-2022-4-104-111
N. V. Galtseva
The change in the volume and structure of in?ustrial production in Magadan Oblast over a 30-year period was studied. An approach to assessing the trends of key indicators of the region, taking into account the population size, has been proposed. This approach provides more correct assessment of changes in economies of regions with a large-scale population decline. A slight increase in indicators in the absolute volume when measured per capita indicates a significant increase in industrial production and the gross regional product in Magadan Oblast.
in的体积和结构的变化?对马加丹州30年的工业生产进行了研究。已经提出了一种评估该区域关键指标趋势的方法,同时考虑到人口规模。这种方法可以更准确地评估人口大规模减少地区的经济变化。按人均计算,绝对数量指标略有增加,表明马加丹州的工业生产和区域生产总值有了显著增加。
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引用次数: 0
Полиморфизм локуса rs4264393 гена PRDM7 в популяциях коренного населения Сибири: возможная связь с особенностями пигментации кожи в условиях Крайнего Севера 西伯利亚土著人口rs4264393 PRDM7多态性:可能与极端北方皮肤色素沉着有关
Pub Date : 2022-12-30 DOI: 10.34078/1814-0998-2022-4-85-93
B. A. Malyarchuk
The rs4264393-G allele of the PRDM7 gene belongs to the polymorphic variants very frequent only in indigenous populations of northeastern Siberia: in Eskimos, Chukchi, and Koryaks, its frequency is 64 %. The results of the paleogenomic data analysis suggest that the rs4264393-G variant was present in the north of modern Yakutia (Duvannyi Yar site) about 10 thousand years ago and probably appeared in Northeast Asia even earlier, during the presumed migrations of East Asian populations (20-18 thousand years ago), which mixed with the Upper Paleolithic groups of North Siberia and gave rise to the ancestors of Paleosiberian populations and Amerindians. The PRDM7 gene encodes for a methyltransferase, involved in histone modification, and appears to be an active regulator of gene activity in melanocytes. The findings are discussed in connection with the peculiarities of Eskimo and Paleo-Asiatic skin pigmentation and the possibility that the rs4264393-G variant of the PRDM7 gene may be involved in the evolution of the Arctic peoples pigmentation system.
PRDM7基因的rs4264393-G等位基因属于只在西伯利亚东北部土著人群中非常常见的多态性变异:在爱斯基摩人、楚科奇人和科里亚克人中,其频率为64%。古基因组数据分析结果表明,rs4264399 - g基因变体早在约1万年前就出现在现代雅库特北部(Duvannyi Yar遗址),可能更早出现在东北亚地区,即东亚人群迁移期间(2 - 1.8万年前),与北西伯利亚的上旧石器时代人群混合,产生了古西伯利亚人群和美洲印第安人的祖先。PRDM7基因编码一种甲基转移酶,参与组蛋白修饰,似乎是黑素细胞中基因活性的积极调节因子。这些发现与爱斯基摩人和古亚洲人皮肤色素沉着的特殊性以及PRDM7基因的rs4264393-G变体可能参与北极人色素沉着系统的进化的可能性有关。
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引用次数: 0
Palynological Characteristics and Volcanic Ash from Sediments of Chistoye Lake, Northern Priokhotye 北普里奥霍特耶石石湖沉积物孢粉学特征及火山灰特征
Pub Date : 2022-12-30 DOI: 10.34078/1814-0998-2022-4-24-34
A. Lozhkin, Yu. A. Korzun, P. Minyuk, P. Anderson, S. Burnatny, O. Glushkova
Chistoye Lake (59° 32' N, 151° 48' E) is located 10 km from the northern coast of Taui Bay (Okhotsk Sea) in the central part of a tectonic depression that has been infilled with Paleogene and Neogene deposits. The lake originated as the result of glacial activity during the latest Pleistocene (MIS2). A 550-cm-long lacustrine sediment core was raised from Chistoye Lake using a piston sampler. The core is dominated by silt with layers of peat and sand at its base. The silt includes two tephra layers at 360-364 cm and 77-80 cm. The tephra layers have different geochemical, magnetic, and mineralogical properties. Volcanic ash like the lower tephra in the Chistoye core has been found in other lacustrine sites from the Upper Kolyma, Upper Indigirka, and Northern Priokhotye regions. Radiocarbon dating of organic remains that bracket this second tephra, corresponding to the lower tephra in Chistoye Lake, indicates an age of 7 650 ± 50 years ago, which is comparable with the age of the Kurile Lake - Iliyinskaya caldera forming eruption in Kamchatka. The younger tephra also has been noted in cores from other lakes in Northern Priokhotye and dated to 2 745 ± 10 years ago. A distinctive feature of this Late Holocene tephra is its high magnetic susceptibility. Extrapolation of a sedimentation rate based on the tephra ages suggests that the Chistoye record is approximately 11 700 years old. Palynological analysis of the Chistoye Lake material showed that all samples contain pollen redeposited from Neogene sediments (Picea sect. Eupicea, Tsuga, Tilia, Corylus, Juglans, Ulmus). These taxa can be easily discounted as contaminant, but other pollen types (e. g., Pinus subgen. Haploxylon, Betula, Alnus, Cyperaceae, Poaceae) are more problematic for interpreting the paleovegetation, because they represent plants that were present during the Holocene and/or the Late Pleistocene and during the Neogene. Nonetheless, the changes in the percentages of Sphagnum spores suggest a gradual increase in effective moisture during the Younger Dryas and Holocene. A multiproxy study of the sediments from Chistoye Lake, in conjunction with their palynological characteristics, shows the importance of analyzing magnetic properties to help determine the presence of tephra in the sediments. Volcanic ash layers in the lake sediments from northeastern Siberia are reliable chronostratigraphic markers that can supplement radiocarbon dates and improve the regional understanding of climate and vegetation changes during the Holocene.
Chistoye湖(59°32′N, 151°48′E)位于陶伊湾(鄂霍次克海)北部海岸10公里处的构造凹陷中心,该凹陷充满了古近系和新近系矿床。该湖起源于晚更新世(MIS2)冰川活动的结果。利用活塞取样器从克里斯托耶湖提取了一个550厘米长的湖泊沉积物岩心。岩心主要是淤泥,底部是泥炭和沙子层。泥沙分为360 ~ 364 cm和77 ~ 80 cm两层。温层具有不同的地球化学、磁性和矿物学性质。在上科雷玛、上英迪吉卡和北普里奥霍特耶地区的其他湖泊遗址中,也发现了像石多耶岩心中的下地幔一样的火山灰。根据放射性碳测年结果,该第二层岩脉与克里斯托耶湖下部岩脉相对应,其年龄为7 650±50年,与堪察加半岛千岛湖-伊利因斯卡亚火山口形成喷发的年龄相当。在Priokhotye北部其他湖泊的岩心中也发现了更年轻的tephra,其年代为2745±10年前。这个晚全新世麻风的一个显著特征是其高磁化率。根据tephra年龄的沉积速率外推表明,石多岩记录大约有11700年的历史。石眼湖样品的孢粉学分析表明,所有样品均含有从新近纪沉积物(云杉科、木杉科、Tsuga科、Tilia科、Corylus科、Juglans科、Ulmus科)中再沉积的花粉。这些分类群可以很容易地被排除为污染物,但其他花粉类型(如松亚属)。单梭兰(Haploxylon)、桦树(Betula)、桤木(Alnus)、柏树科(Cyperaceae)、禾草科(Poaceae))在解释古植被方面更有问题,因为它们代表了全新世和/或晚更新世和新近纪时期的植物。尽管如此,Sphagnum孢子百分比的变化表明,在新仙女木期和全新世期间,有效水分逐渐增加。一项针对石多耶湖沉积物的多指标研究,结合其孢粉学特征,表明了分析磁性能对确定沉积物中是否存在白桦的重要性。西伯利亚东北部湖泊沉积物中的火山灰层是可靠的年代地层标志,可以补充放射性碳定年,提高对全新世气候和植被变化的区域认识。
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引用次数: 0
Трансформация административно-территориального устройства как условие жизнеустойчивости регионов Крайнего Северо-Востока России 俄罗斯东北部边缘地区的管理和领土安排的转变是一个不稳定的条件
Pub Date : 2022-12-30 DOI: 10.34078/1814-0998-2022-4-112-123
Yu.V. Pruss, О. Sharypova
Spatial transformations of the administrative-territorial division, exemplified by Magadan Oblast, have been analized. Under the low density and the continuing outflow of population, the high share of subsidies and the regional budget deficit, the option of further optimization of the administrative- territorial structure within the borders of the region is proposed in order to improve the mechanisms of territorial management, economic growth, and budget saving. The effect of possible modification of the administrative-territorial structure through the consolidation of municipalities, expressed in significant budget saving, is estimated. The necessity of searching for and implementing new ways and conditions of economic activity with the involvement of private capital in the area of servicing the vital activity of the territory is substantiated. The results of the study contribute to the formation of ideas on the trends of spatial development and socio-economic problems in the northern regions of Russia's Far East; they can be used by researchers when researching similar topics, as well as by public authorities when developing strategic documents on spatial regional development.
以马加丹州为例,分析了行政区划的空间变化。在人口密度低且持续外流、补贴比例高、区域预算赤字的情况下,提出了区域边界内行政-领土结构进一步优化的选择,以完善领土管理、经济增长和预算节约机制。据估计,通过合并市政当局可能改变行政-领土结构的效果,表现为节省大量预算。在为领土的重要活动提供服务的领域中,有必要在私人资本参与的情况下寻求和实施新的经济活动方式和条件。研究结果有助于形成关于俄罗斯远东北部地区空间发展趋势和社会经济问题的想法;研究人员在研究类似主题时可以使用它们,公共当局在制定空间区域发展战略文件时也可以使用它们。
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引用次数: 0
Современное состояние сырьевых ресурсов рыб в северо-восточной части Японского моря 日本海东北部鱼类原材料资源的现代状态
Pub Date : 2022-12-30 DOI: 10.34078/1814-0998-2022-4-70-84
S.T. Kim, E.R. Ivshina, N.K. Zavarzina
The commercial fish resourses in West Sakhalin waters demonstrated significant growth in the 2010s. It has been confirmed by results of trawling and egg assessment surveys as well as by the dynamics of length-age characteristics of walleye pollack, Pacific cod, Pacific herring, Pacific capelin, and flat-fishes. The important factor of the present fish resourses growing appears the favorable warming of their environment in the course of long-term periodical climate-oceanology fluctuations.
西库页岛水域的商业鱼类资源在2010年代出现了显著增长。拖网捕捞和卵评估调查的结果,以及长眼明太鱼、太平洋鳕鱼、太平洋鲱鱼、太平洋毛鳞鱼和比目鱼的长龄动态特征都证实了这一点。在长期的周期性气候-海洋波动过程中,环境的有利变暖是当前鱼类资源生长的重要因素。
{"title":"Современное состояние сырьевых ресурсов рыб в северо-восточной части Японского моря","authors":"S.T. Kim, E.R. Ivshina, N.K. Zavarzina","doi":"10.34078/1814-0998-2022-4-70-84","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34078/1814-0998-2022-4-70-84","url":null,"abstract":"The commercial fish resourses in West Sakhalin waters demonstrated significant growth in the 2010s. It has been confirmed by results of trawling and egg assessment surveys as well as by the dynamics of length-age characteristics of walleye pollack, Pacific cod, Pacific herring, Pacific capelin, and flat-fishes. The important factor of the present fish resourses growing appears the favorable warming of their environment in the course of long-term periodical climate-oceanology fluctuations.","PeriodicalId":341033,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the North-East Science Center","volume":"21 11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121843120","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
История и современное состояние озеленения города Магадана 马加丹城市绿化的历史和现代状况
Pub Date : 2022-12-30 DOI: 10.34078/1814-0998-2022-4-57-69
V. B. Dokuchaeva
The 90-year period using arboreal plants in Magadan greening is being discussed. In the first stages, the assortment of trees and shrubs planted in the city was mainly limited to local species, Larix cajanderi and Duschekia fruticosа, taken from their natural settings. These two species remain predominant in the current urban greenery. The successful acclimatization of some introduced trees and shrubs permitted to expand the list of arboreal plants used in greening Magadan. The evergreen conifers presence in plantings has become especially noticeable. For stable and systematic greening activities in the city, a plant nursery is needed.
讨论了马加丹利用乔木植物进行绿化的90年周期。在第一阶段,城市中种植的树木和灌木主要局限于当地物种,如落叶松(Larix cajanderi)和杜什克亚(Duschekia fruticose),取自它们的自然环境。这两个物种在当前的城市绿化中仍然占主导地位。一些引进乔木和灌木的成功驯化,扩大了马加丹绿化用乔木植物的名单。常绿针叶树在植物中的存在变得特别引人注目。为了在城市中进行稳定和系统的绿化活动,需要一个苗圃。
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引用次数: 0
Строение разломных зон юго-западной части Среднеамурского осадочного бассейна (Приамурье) по данным микросейсмических зондирования 根据微地震探测数据,中尼阿穆尔盆地西南部破折区(priamurier)的建筑
Pub Date : 2022-12-30 DOI: 10.34078/1814-0998-2022-4-3-9
V.V. Pupatenko, K.S. Ryabinkin
The first results of microseismic sounding the deep structure of the Earth's crust in the western part of the Middle Amur sedimentary basin are presented. Based on the measurement data at 70 points, we produced sections of the relative velocities of S waves along two transversely crossing profiles, total length 90 km. The profiles cross the Itun-Yilan fault zone and other large regional faults zones as well as the Bashmaksky, Preobrazhenovsky, and Samaro-Ditursky grabens. The sections at depths of 4-10 km do not contain velocity anomalies. This may explain the lower seismicity of the studied zone compared to neighboring areas of the Tan Lu fault system.
本文介绍了中阿穆尔河沉积盆地西部地壳深部结构微地震测深的初步结果。根据70个测点的实测数据,我们绘制了两条横贯剖面的横波相对速度剖面,总长度为90 km。剖面跨越伊图-依兰断裂带和其他大型区域性断裂带,以及Bashmaksky、Preobrazhenovsky和Samaro-Ditursky地堑。深度为4 ~ 10 km的剖面不存在速度异常。这可能解释了研究区的地震活动性相对于郯庐断裂系统的邻近地区较低。
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引用次数: 0
Голоценовые гляциальные формы в Северном Приохотье 北方狩猎的全息光泽形式
Pub Date : 2022-12-30 DOI: 10.34078/1814-0998-2022-4-35-45
O. Glushkova, V. N. Smirnov
The manifestations of Holocene glacial morphogenesis in the glacial corries of the Northern Priokhotye are investigated. The authors identify active (developing) glacial corries as well as degrading (dying) ones, which have a pronounced association with certain orographic zones. The corrie morphosculpture is most powerfully formed in the mountain ranges of the peninsulas in the northern part of the Sea of Okhotsk: Koni, Piagina, Taigonos. In the highest part of the Taynynot Range, some corries contain "shielded glaciers". Some of them are associated with stadial end- moraine shafts, which characterize glacier dynamics. The data obtained may be of significance for the correlation of glacial events during the neoglacial maximum and the Little Ice Age.
研究了北普里奥霍特耶冰川带全新世冰川形态发生的特征。作者确定了活跃的(发育中的)冰川芦苇和退化的(死亡的)冰川芦苇,它们与某些地形带有明显的联系。在鄂霍次克海北部的半岛山脉:科尼,皮亚吉纳,泰戈诺斯,科里形态雕刻最为强烈。在泰尼诺特山脉的最高部分,一些山脊上有“被屏蔽的冰川”。其中一些与静止的终碛轴有关,这是冰川动力学的特征。所得资料对新冰期极大期和小冰期冰川事件的对比分析具有重要意义。
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引用次数: 0
Структурные и геохимические особенности золоторудных районов Приамурской провинции 普里阿穆尔省金矿地区的结构和地缘化学特征
Pub Date : 2022-12-30 DOI: 10.34078/1814-0998-2022-4-46-56
V. Stepanov
The article discusses structural confinement and geochemical features of localization of three historically formed gold ore districts in the Amur gold-bearing province: Solovyovsk, Gonzha, and Tokur, presenting the data on the gold deposits in the districts, from which, since 1890, the main amount of gold has been extracted. It is shown that the structural elements, determining the position of gold ore districts, are the zones of ore-controlling faults: South Tukuringra, North Tukuringra, and Jeltulak. The distinct spatial connection of the native gold and cinnabar dressing halos with the North-Tukuringra and South-Tukuringra fault zones has been established. The significant amounts of mercury in the native gold of the Amur province, as well as high gold content in cinnabar and native mercury are noticed, which may indicate the genetic proximity of the gold and mercury mineralization of the province. It is assumed that the main source of gold and mercury is the mantle matter, initially rich in these components. It is established that, in the Amur gold-bearing province, the principal geochemical feature of ore-controlling fault zones is gold and mercury mineralization confined to them.
本文讨论了阿穆尔河含金省索洛维约夫斯克、贡扎和托库尔三个历史上形成的金矿区的构造约束和局部化地球化学特征,并介绍了这些矿区的金矿床资料,其中自1890年以来,主要的金矿都是从这些矿区开采出来的。研究表明,决定金矿成矿位置的构造要素是控矿断裂带:南图库林格拉、北图库林格拉和耶尔图拉克。原生金、朱砂选染晕与北图库林格拉断裂带和南图库林格拉断裂带建立了明显的空间联系。阿穆尔省原生金中含汞量显著,朱砂和原生汞中含金量较高,可能表明该省金、汞成矿具有遗传上的亲和性。据推测,黄金和汞的主要来源是地幔物质,最初富含这些成分。确定了阿穆尔河含金省控矿断裂带的主要地球化学特征是局限于其中的金、汞成矿作用。
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引用次数: 0
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Bulletin of the North-East Science Center
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