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Археологические исследования Г.А.Пытлякова в Оймяконском районе Якутии
Pub Date : 2022-12-30 DOI: 10.34078/1814-0998-2022-4-94-103
A. Lebedintsev
The article presents results of archaeological survey conducted by G. A. Pytlyakov, the Lecturer of the Yakut State Pedagogical Institute, in the Oymyakonsky District of Yakutia in 1955. The works under discussion resulting in the discovery of materials related to the Yakut first-settlers in the territory: remains of balagan-type housing structures, traces of urasa-type temporary portable dwellings, ground burials, and petroglyphs. It has been noted that the economy and material culture of the Upper Indigirka Yakuts had a number of features determined by harsh natural conditions of the region. An opinion has been expressed that, in the past, the Oymyakon yakuts were not engaged in cattle breeding, as their settlements were located in the places neither convenient nor suitable for cattle breeding. It has been assumed that the Ingigirka basin may have a certain potential for searching other petroglyphs.
本文介绍了雅库特国立教育学院讲师G. A. Pytlyakov于1955年在雅库特奥伊米亚孔斯基区进行的考古调查的结果。讨论中的工作导致发现了与该地区第一批雅库特定居者有关的材料:巴拉干式房屋结构的遗迹,urasa式临时移动住宅的痕迹,地面埋葬和岩画。已经指出,上英迪吉尔卡雅库特的经济和物质文化具有该地区恶劣的自然条件所决定的若干特点。有一种意见认为,过去奥伊米亚康雅库特人不从事养牛,因为他们的定居点位于既不方便也不适合养牛的地方。据推测,Ingigirka盆地可能具有寻找其他岩画的潜力。
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引用次数: 0
Продолжительность существования и скорость образования видов и родов двустворчатых моллюсков в перми Северо-Востока Азии 在亚洲东北部permi地区,双壳软体动物的寿命和繁殖速度
Pub Date : 2022-12-30 DOI: 10.34078/1814-0998-2022-4-10-23
A. S. Biakov
The article discussed the duration of existence and the rate of formation for Permian bivalve species and genera in Northeast Asia. It has been established that the species existed averagely for 2-5 million years; and the genera, for 10-20 million years. The vast majority of long-lived taxa characterize the Early Permian (Asselian-Middle Artinskian) assemblages. The proportion of long-lived species that existed for over 10 million years exceeds 25 % of all bivalve species existing on this stage. Since the end of the Artinskian (and even more so since the Kungurian), the number of relatively short-lived species increased significantly. The possible reason for this phenomenon might have been an increase in the frequency of manifestation of geobiospheric, mainly extinction (Biakov, 2012a), events, resulted from an increase in the Earth endogenous activity, and expressed in the manifestation of volcanic activity of various nature and the deep fluids impact on the biota. A long time interval, covering almost the entire Lower Permian and characterized by a relatively calm course of geological history, was replaced by an interval with sharp upheavals manifested, which also affected the development of the entire biota, including bivalves. The rate of taxa formation is also associated with geobiospheric events and is controlled primarily by extinction events.
本文讨论了东北亚二叠纪双壳类物种和属的生存时间和形成速度。已经确定,该物种平均存在了2-5百万年;而这个属,持续了一千万年到两千万年。绝大多数长寿的分类群是早二叠世(亚塞利亚-中阿廷斯基)组合的特征。超过1000万年的长寿物种的比例超过了这一阶段存在的所有双壳类物种的25%。自阿廷斯基纪结束以来(自昆古里纪以来更是如此),相对短命物种的数量显著增加。造成这一现象的可能原因可能是由于地球内源活动的增加,导致地球生物圈以灭绝(Biakov, 2012a)事件的表现频率增加,并表现为各种性质的火山活动和深部流体对生物群的影响。一个覆盖了几乎整个下二叠世、以地质历史相对平静为特征的长时间间隔,被一个剧烈动荡的间隔所取代,这也影响了包括双壳类在内的整个生物群的发育。类群形成的速度也与地球生物圈事件有关,并主要受灭绝事件控制。
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引用次数: 0
О золотоносности мелководной зоны шельфа Юго-Западной Камчатки 堪察加半岛西南部浅水区的金矿
Pub Date : 2022-09-30 DOI: 10.34078/1814-0998-2022-3-25-40
V. Y. Kungurova
The materials, obtained from previous (1972-2019) studies of over 300 km of the coastal land strip in Southwestern Kamchatka and the adjoining underwater slope of the Sea of Okhotsk (in the interfluve of the Bolshaya and the Kikhchik rivers) were analyzed. Gold-rich zones (> 60 mg/m3) in the form of subparallel lenses, oriented along the sea shoreline, were identified between 6.3-30 m isobaths in the shallow marine shelf zone. The gold content of the submarine coastal slope correlated directly with the sediments of the upper coastal zone. Higher gold concentrations (up to hundreds of mg/m3) were detected in Holocene marine sediments of the shallow marine shelf in sampling intervals 0 to 2.0 m. They are mostly confined either to the upper, steepest part of the submarine slope or to the first or second terraced level. These are the areas of the most active impact, near the shorelines (modern and submerged), within which glacial and water-glacial formations are often exposed by erosion. Most of the gold concentrate halos related to ancient shorelines, the western boundary of which lies within 25-30 m isobaths, and to paleovalleys, identified by seismoacoustic profiling. In paleovalleys, flooded by the sea and buried under marine sediments, alluvial placers similar to Tikhangou in Primorsky Krai may be revealed. The most promising within the investigated territory was the area of underwater coastal slope within the Severnaya Mitoga - Utka - Khomutina interfluve, between 5.3-30 m isobaths, where concentrate halos with considerable gold concentrations from 60 to 500-1186 mg/m3 had been revealed.
研究人员分析了以前(1972年至2019年)对堪察加西南部300多公里的沿海陆地带和毗邻的鄂霍次克海水下斜坡(Bolshaya河和Kikhchik河的交界处)的研究所得的材料。在浅海陆架区6.3 ~ 30 m等深之间,沿海岸线方向确定了以亚平行透镜体形式存在的富金矿带(> 60 mg/m3)。海底岸坡的含金量与上海岸带沉积物直接相关。在采样间隔0 ~ 2.0 m的浅海陆架全新世沉积物中检测到较高的金浓度(高达数百mg/m3)。它们大多局限于海底斜坡最陡峭的上部,或第一或第二层梯田。这些是最活跃的冲击区域,靠近海岸线(现代和水下),其中的冰川和水冰川构造经常因侵蚀而暴露出来。大部分金精矿晕与古海岸线有关,其西部边界在25 ~ 30 m等深范围内,与古山谷有关。在沿海边疆区被海水淹没、被海洋沉积物掩埋的古山谷中,可能会发现类似于铁汉沟的冲积砂矿。在调查区域内最有希望的是Severnaya Mitoga - Utka - Khomutina断裂带内的水下海岸斜坡区域,在5.3-30米等深之间,在那里发现了金浓度在60至500-1186毫克/立方米之间的富集晕。
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引用次数: 0
Анализ особенностей захоронения остатков животных мамонтовой фауны и ископаемой мамонтовой кости 分析猛犸象动物和猛犸象化石的埋葬特征
Pub Date : 2022-09-30 DOI: 10.34078/1814-0998-2022-3-73-84
E. A. Nesterova, N. N. Nikolaeva, E. S. Petukhova
The article presents the results of analyzing characteristics of burying mammoth fauna animal remains. The finds coordinates were linked to the engineering-geological map of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) (1:1 500 000). Extensive literary data describing the burials taphonomy are taken into account. It has been found that most of the finds were buried in deposits of small fractions (loess-like loams, sandy loams, sands) characteristic for the edoma (ice complex) providing the unique preservation for bone and soft tissues of animals.
本文介绍了对长毛象动物群遗骨埋藏特征的分析结果。这些发现的坐标与萨哈共和国(雅库特)的工程地质图(1:1 50 000)相联系。大量的文献资料描述了墓葬的分类。研究发现,大多数发现都埋藏在小颗粒沉积物(类黄土壤土、砂壤土、砂)中,这些沉积物具有沉积物(冰复合体)的特征,为保存动物的骨骼和软组织提供了独特的条件。
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引用次数: 0
Новые данные о составе пермских терригенных отложений Омолонского массива (Северо-Восток России): значение для палеогеографии и геодинамических реконструкций
Pub Date : 2022-09-30 DOI: 10.34078/1814-0998-2022-3-3-15
I. V. Brynko, T. I. Mikhalitsyna, I. L. Vedernikov, A. S. Biakov
The article discusses the results of studying the material composition of Permian terrigenous deposits in the Dzhigdali, Gizhiga, and Khivach formations in the southeastern part of the Omolon massif. The obtained data interpretation is based on the petrographic research and widely used petrochemical and discriminant paleogeodynamic diagrams. The lithochemical study showed that the deposits had accumulated under conditions of a moderately warm climate with some cooling episodes in the active continental margin settings. Clastic material entered the sedimentary basin from several provenance areas: the Permian Okhotsk-Taigonos volcanic arc, the Precambrian basement of the Omolon massif, and volcanic rock fields of the Kedon series.
本文讨论了奥莫伦地块东南部直达利组、吉日加组和希瓦奇组二叠系陆源矿床物质组成的研究结果。所获得的资料解释是基于岩石学研究和广泛使用的石油化学和判别古地球动力学图。岩石化学研究表明,该矿床是在温和气候条件下形成的,在活动大陆边缘环境中有一些冷却期。碎屑物质从几个物源区进入沉积盆地:二叠纪鄂霍次克-泰戈诺斯火山弧、前寒武纪奥莫龙地块基底和Kedon系列火山岩田。
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引用次数: 0
Российский опыт пространственной трансформации региональных экономических систем: урбанизация Крайнего Северо-Востока России 俄罗斯空间经济转型的经验:俄罗斯最东北部的城市化
Pub Date : 2022-09-30 DOI: 10.34078/1814-0998-2022-3-120-126
O. S. Favstritskaya
The author of the article considered the experience of urbanization of the regions of the Far North-East of Russia. The transformations taking place with urban settlements in the Magadan Oblast and the Chukotka Autonomous Okrug under the influence of socio-economic factors were analyzed.
本文的作者考虑了俄罗斯远东东北地区的城市化经验。分析了社会经济因素对马加丹州和楚科奇自治区城市住区变化的影响。
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引用次数: 0
Vegetation Response to Climate Change during the Middle Calabrian in Arctic Chukotka 北极楚科奇中部卡拉布里亚植被对气候变化的响应
Pub Date : 2022-09-30 DOI: 10.34078/1814-0998-2022-3-63-72
A. Lozhkin, P. Anderson
A palynological record obtained from El'gygytgyn Lake sediments, which spans the 1.244-1.304 million years (Ma) interval of the Calabrian Stage, shows repeated changes in the plant communities of Arctic Chukotka. These variations in the vegetation further suggest a dominance of interstadial and interglacial climates. Eight pollen zones were distinguished within this interval. According to the working age model for the composite El'gygytgyn core, these pollen zones correspond to marine oxygen isotope stages (MIS) 40, 39, and 38. The upper boundary of MIS 38 coincides with magnetic event the Cobb Mountain (1.240 Ma), which is one of the main chronological landmarks used in creating the core's chronology. The features of modern pollen-spore spectra obtained from the water-sediment interface within the lake aided in reconstructing both the local and regional paleovegetation. The consistent presence of Larix pollen throughout the 1.244-1.304 Ma interval indicates that even under the severest climatic conditions Larix forest-tundra persisted on the Anadyr Plateau and near El'gygytgyn Lake. This pattern differs sharply from that seen in the Middle and Late Pleistocene when herb-dominated tundra characterized the glacial intervals in the Arctic. The spore-pollen spectra further show that the warmest climatic conditions occurred during MIS 39. The data from the 1.244-1.304 Ma interval represent the last step in completing the Quaternary vegetation history from this unique site in Arctic Siberia.
从El’gygytgyn湖沉积物中获得的孢粉记录跨越了卡拉布里亚期1244万年至130.4万年(Ma)的间隔,显示了北极楚科奇地区植物群落的反复变化。这些植被的变化进一步表明间冰期和间冰期气候占主导地位。在此区间内可划分出8个花粉带。根据El’gygytgyn复合岩心的工作年龄模型,这些花粉带对应于海洋氧同位素阶段(MIS) 40、39和38。MIS 38的上边界与Cobb山的磁事件(1.240 Ma)重合,这是创建地核年表时使用的主要年代标志之一。从湖内水-沉积物界面获取的现代花粉-孢子光谱特征有助于重建局部和区域古植被。在1.244 ~ 1.304 Ma区间,落叶松花粉的持续存在表明,即使在最恶劣的气候条件下,落叶松森林-冻土带在阿纳迪尔高原和El’gygytgyn湖附近仍然存在。这种模式与中更新世和晚更新世截然不同,当时以草本植物为主的苔原是北极冰川间隔的特征。孢粉谱进一步表明,MIS 39期间出现了最温暖的气候条件。1.244 ~ 1.304 Ma的数据代表了北极西伯利亚地区第四纪植被史的最后一步。
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引用次数: 0
Оценка пучинистости крупно-обломочных грунтов с суглинистым заполнителем (Забайкальский край) 用硫化填充物(zabekahl边缘)计算大碎屑土壤的厚度
Pub Date : 2022-09-30 DOI: 10.34078/1814-0998-2022-3-56-62
О. А. Balandin, N. Peshkov, O. Sokolova, V. S. Sokolova
Coarse soils are reliable foundations. However, in the presence of sand-clay aggregate cryogenic processes develop in them, which has a negative impact on engineering structures functioning. The research aims in assessing the heaving hazard of coarse soils with different percentages of the sand-clay aggregate. Such soils were field-tested in Zabaikalsky Krai. As a result, the optimum conditions of cryogenic frost heave were determined for them and a statistical model was compiled to assess their heaving hazard.
粗土是可靠的地基。然而,当砂土骨料存在时,其内部会发生低温过程,对工程结构的功能产生不利影响。研究了不同砂-粘土骨料含量的粗土的起伏危险性。这种土壤在扎贝加尔边疆区进行了实地试验。在此基础上,确定了其低温冻胀的最佳条件,并建立了冻胀危害的统计模型。
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引用次数: 0
Трематода Plagiorchis koreanus (Plagiorchiidae) от сибирской ночницы (Myotis sibiricus) из Северного Приохотья (Магаданская область) 西伯利亚夜床(mayotis sibiricus)来自马加丹北部地区
Pub Date : 2022-09-30 DOI: 10.34078/1814-0998-2022-3-101-105
O. M. Orlovskaya, N. Е. Dokuchaev, G. I. Atrashkevich, A. N. Lazutkin
Parasitization of the trematode Plagiorchis koreanus Ogata, 1938 in the Siberian Bat (Myotis sibiricus Kastschenko, 1905) in the Northern Priokhotye (Magadan Oblast) with a possibility of the parasite life cycle realization in the regional freshwater ecosystems has been established for the first time. This is the first registration of P. koreanus in the Siberian Bat in Northeast Asia. An illustrated description of adult flukes is given.
首次证实了1938年北Priokhotye (Magadan Oblast)西伯利亚蝙蝠(Myotis sibiricus Kastschenko, 1905)寄生于北Priokhotye (Magadan Oblast Oblast)地区北西伯利亚蝙蝠(miotis sibiricus Kastschenko, 1905)体内,并有可能在该地区淡水生态系统中实现寄生虫生命周期。这是在东北亚地区首次在西伯利亚蝙蝠中发现韩国斑蝠。给出了成年吸虫的图解描述。
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引用次数: 0
Исследование якутского Санга-Талонского могильника на Верхней Колыме 雅库茨克桑塔隆墓的研究
Pub Date : 2022-09-30 DOI: 10.34078/1814-0998-2022-3-106-111
A. Lebedintsev
The articles presents information on the study of the Sanga-Talon burial ground, performed by the Kolyma archaeological team from the North-East Interdisciplinary Research Institute of the USSR Academy of Sciences in the zone of flooding by the reservoir of the Kolyma hydroelectric power plant, in 1971-1972. The burial ground was found near the settlement of Sanga-Talon, on a 7-8 meter terrace, on the left of the mouth of the Obo Creek (right tributary of the Kolyma River). It is assumed that the Yakut burial ground indicates the exploration of this part of the Kolyma valley by the Yakuts in the 18th century. The data on the Yakut settling in the northeast direction along the Kolyma River and its tributaries are presented. The discovery of the Yakut burial ground near the settlement of Sanga-Talon is of certain scientific interest, since the Yakut exploration of this part of the Kolyma valley has not been sufficiently studied.
文章介绍了1971-1972年苏联科学院东北跨学科研究所科雷马考古队在科雷马水电站水库附近的洪水区对Sanga-Talon墓地进行研究的资料。墓地是在Sanga-Talon定居点附近的一个7-8米高的露台上发现的,位于奥博河(Kolyma河的右侧支流)河口的左侧。据推测,雅库特人的墓地表明了18世纪雅库特人对科雷马山谷这部分地区的探索。介绍了雅库特人沿科利马河及其支流向东北方向定居的资料。在Sanga-Talon定居点附近发现雅库特墓地具有一定的科学意义,因为雅库特人对Kolyma山谷这部分地区的探索还没有得到充分的研究。
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引用次数: 0
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Bulletin of the North-East Science Center
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