Pub Date : 2022-06-28DOI: 10.34078/1814-0998-2022-2-100-104
А. S. Ryabukhin
Results of the study of the material of the subfamily Paederinae, collected from various regions of Magadan oblast and Chukotka, and summary of literature records are presented. Eleven species from two genera: Lathrobium Gravenhorst, 1802 and Tetartopeus Czwalina, 1888 are recorded for the fauna of these regions. Six species of Lathrobium and three species of Tetartopeus in Magadan oblast, and two species of Lathrobium and Tetartopeus niger (LeConte, 1863) in Chukotka are detected. An annotated list is presented.
{"title":"Обзор фауны стафилинид подсемейства Paederinae (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae) Магаданской области и Чукотки","authors":"А. S. Ryabukhin","doi":"10.34078/1814-0998-2022-2-100-104","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34078/1814-0998-2022-2-100-104","url":null,"abstract":"Results of the study of the material of the subfamily Paederinae, collected from various regions of Magadan oblast and Chukotka, and summary of literature records are presented. Eleven species from two genera: Lathrobium Gravenhorst, 1802 and Tetartopeus Czwalina, 1888 are recorded for the fauna of these regions. Six species of Lathrobium and three species of Tetartopeus in Magadan oblast, and two species of Lathrobium and Tetartopeus niger (LeConte, 1863) in Chukotka are detected. An annotated list is presented.","PeriodicalId":341033,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the North-East Science Center","volume":"36 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126385762","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-28DOI: 10.34078/1814-0998-2022-2-45-58
P. S. Minyuk, D. K. Pozhidaeva, S. S. S. S. Burnatny
The hydrochemical characteristics of water objects, including lakes and a number of streams and rivers as well as technogenic sedimentation tanks located in the areas of placer gold mining have been studied. Total dissolved solids, contents of individual ions, total hardness (TH), total suspended solids (TSS), and acidic pH have been determined. Lake water is ultra-fresh with total dissolved solids of 15.08-52.6 mg/l. Increased values of this parameter have been found in lakes located in the Berelekh River valley, where gold placers are being developed. Water bodies from placer mining sites are characterized by increased total dissolved solids (up to 394 mg/l) and total hardness (average = 2.20 mg-eq/l). In some reservoirs, low pH, high levels of ammonia, and iron exceeding ecologically admissible values have been established.
{"title":"Гидрохимические характеристики природных и техногенных вод Магаданской области","authors":"P. S. Minyuk, D. K. Pozhidaeva, S. S. S. S. Burnatny","doi":"10.34078/1814-0998-2022-2-45-58","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34078/1814-0998-2022-2-45-58","url":null,"abstract":"The hydrochemical characteristics of water objects, including lakes and a number of streams and rivers as well as technogenic sedimentation tanks located in the areas of placer gold mining have been studied. Total dissolved solids, contents of individual ions, total hardness (TH), total suspended solids (TSS), and acidic pH have been determined. Lake water is ultra-fresh with total dissolved solids of 15.08-52.6 mg/l. Increased values of this parameter have been found in lakes located in the Berelekh River valley, where gold placers are being developed. Water bodies from placer mining sites are characterized by increased total dissolved solids (up to 394 mg/l) and total hardness (average = 2.20 mg-eq/l). In some reservoirs, low pH, high levels of ammonia, and iron exceeding ecologically admissible values have been established.","PeriodicalId":341033,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the North-East Science Center","volume":"305 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123198237","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-28DOI: 10.34078/1814-0998-2022-2-14-25
V. Stepanov
The article discusses Witwatersrand paleoplacers as well as current high-mercury gold placers and sources of their formation in the Unya-Bom district of the Amur province. The Witwatersrand deposits contain fine gold with significant mercury content. The original sources are unknown there. In the Unya-Bom district, during the destruction of ore bodies and the transition of high-grade mercuric gold into placers, its composition is preserved, with the exception of the high-grade shell formed in placers: silver and mercury are removed from it due to electrochemical corrosion. When transported in placers up to 25 km, the high content of mercury in the central part of gold particles corresponds to ore gold. An attempt was made to typify one of the possible sources of clastogenic gold in Witwatersrand paleoplacers. It might have been gold-quartz mineralization with high- mercury gold, similar to that common in the Unya-Bom district of the Amur region.
{"title":"О коренных источниках палеороссыпей Витватерсранда (Южная Африка)","authors":"V. Stepanov","doi":"10.34078/1814-0998-2022-2-14-25","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34078/1814-0998-2022-2-14-25","url":null,"abstract":"The article discusses Witwatersrand paleoplacers as well as current high-mercury gold placers and sources of their formation in the Unya-Bom district of the Amur province. The Witwatersrand deposits contain fine gold with significant mercury content. The original sources are unknown there. In the Unya-Bom district, during the destruction of ore bodies and the transition of high-grade mercuric gold into placers, its composition is preserved, with the exception of the high-grade shell formed in placers: silver and mercury are removed from it due to electrochemical corrosion. When transported in placers up to 25 km, the high content of mercury in the central part of gold particles corresponds to ore gold. An attempt was made to typify one of the possible sources of clastogenic gold in Witwatersrand paleoplacers. It might have been gold-quartz mineralization with high- mercury gold, similar to that common in the Unya-Bom district of the Amur region.","PeriodicalId":341033,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the North-East Science Center","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131384924","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-28DOI: 10.34078/1814-0998-2022-2-105-111
D. Barykina, V. V. Danilova, S. B. Rosenfeld, G. V. Kirtaev, O. D. Prokopenko, D. V. Solovyeva
The Baikal Teal, Russia's nesting endemic, is listed in the Red Book of the Russian Federation as a declining species.The Baikal Teal has always been rare in Chukotka Autonomous Okrug; therefore, its abundance fluctuations in this area have never been documented, and, historically, its nesting has been recorded there just once. According to aerial surveys, the Baikal Teal average density in Western Chukotka's tundras was 0.08 individuals / km2 in 2021. Birds of this species were recorded everywhere: on the Kyttyk Peninsula and Aion Island, in the Chaun-Pucheveem delta, in the Pegtymel River delta, and in the Apapelgino settlement precincts. Nesting of this species in the Chaun - Pucheveem River delta has been proved.
{"title":"Клоктун Sibirionetta formosa в тундре Западной Чукотки: гнездование, динамика встречаемости и современное распространение","authors":"D. Barykina, V. V. Danilova, S. B. Rosenfeld, G. V. Kirtaev, O. D. Prokopenko, D. V. Solovyeva","doi":"10.34078/1814-0998-2022-2-105-111","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34078/1814-0998-2022-2-105-111","url":null,"abstract":"The Baikal Teal, Russia's nesting endemic, is listed in the Red Book of the Russian Federation as a declining species.The Baikal Teal has always been rare in Chukotka Autonomous Okrug; therefore, its abundance fluctuations in this area have never been documented, and, historically, its nesting has been recorded there just once. According to aerial surveys, the Baikal Teal average density in Western Chukotka's tundras was 0.08 individuals / km2 in 2021. Birds of this species were recorded everywhere: on the Kyttyk Peninsula and Aion Island, in the Chaun-Pucheveem delta, in the Pegtymel River delta, and in the Apapelgino settlement precincts. Nesting of this species in the Chaun - Pucheveem River delta has been proved.","PeriodicalId":341033,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the North-East Science Center","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114522769","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-28DOI: 10.34078/1814-0998-2022-2-26-44
I. Litvinenko, L. A. Shilina
A comprehensive study of native gold and ore mineral parageneses of the Berental intrusive-dome structure in the southeastern part of the Yano-Kolyma gold-bearing belt has been carried out. The zonality of mineralization is shown: from the central part (in the Berental stock endocontacts) with the Au-Bi-Te mineralization "style" to - As-Au (in the exocontacts of the stock) and, further, to Ag-Pb-Zn on the periphery. In the same direction changes the fineness of native gold in ores, from high and medium to low fineness. Antimony mineralization was noted at the final stage of ore formation. Vertical zoning is expressed in the silver-polysulfide type of mineralization changing with depth to sulfide-sulfoarsenide and, lower, bismuth-sulfotelluride. A rare mineral, maldonite (Au2Bi), is relatively widespread. The end-to-end ore minerals are pyrrhotite, native bismuth, and its tellurides. The obtained facts permitted to attribute the hydrothermal system of the Berental stock to the RIRGD type, i. e. to gold deposits associated with restored intrusives, which can contribute to the improvement of the methodology for prospecting and evaluation works at deposits of this type and to the discovery of large occurrences in terms of reserves.
{"title":"Золотое оруденение Нижне-Мякитского рудно-россыпного узла (Северо-Восток России)","authors":"I. Litvinenko, L. A. Shilina","doi":"10.34078/1814-0998-2022-2-26-44","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34078/1814-0998-2022-2-26-44","url":null,"abstract":"A comprehensive study of native gold and ore mineral parageneses of the Berental intrusive-dome structure in the southeastern part of the Yano-Kolyma gold-bearing belt has been carried out. The zonality of mineralization is shown: from the central part (in the Berental stock endocontacts) with the Au-Bi-Te mineralization \"style\" to - As-Au (in the exocontacts of the stock) and, further, to Ag-Pb-Zn on the periphery. In the same direction changes the fineness of native gold in ores, from high and medium to low fineness. Antimony mineralization was noted at the final stage of ore formation. Vertical zoning is expressed in the silver-polysulfide type of mineralization changing with depth to sulfide-sulfoarsenide and, lower, bismuth-sulfotelluride. A rare mineral, maldonite (Au2Bi), is relatively widespread. The end-to-end ore minerals are pyrrhotite, native bismuth, and its tellurides. The obtained facts permitted to attribute the hydrothermal system of the Berental stock to the RIRGD type, i. e. to gold deposits associated with restored intrusives, which can contribute to the improvement of the methodology for prospecting and evaluation works at deposits of this type and to the discovery of large occurrences in terms of reserves.","PeriodicalId":341033,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the North-East Science Center","volume":"39 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115836847","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-28DOI: 10.34078/1814-0998-2022-2-3-13
A. E. Livach, N. I. Tretyakova
The Balygychan-Sugoy structure was formed in the zone of expansion, presumably resulting from the reverse of the Omolon microcontinent northern flank to the south and southeast along the Omsukchan deep fault, and developed as a continental rift. By the end of the Early Cretaceous, the rift was filled with thick coal-bearing molasse. Volcanic, intrusive , and various ore formation processes were actively occurring in the rift zone. The data on the geological structure and the history of the structure development confirm its rift nature.
{"title":"Балыгычано-Сугойский континентальный рифт: строение, основные черты развития и металлогении","authors":"A. E. Livach, N. I. Tretyakova","doi":"10.34078/1814-0998-2022-2-3-13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34078/1814-0998-2022-2-3-13","url":null,"abstract":"The Balygychan-Sugoy structure was formed in the zone of expansion, presumably resulting from the reverse of the Omolon microcontinent northern flank to the south and southeast along the Omsukchan deep fault, and developed as a continental rift. By the end of the Early Cretaceous, the rift was filled with thick coal-bearing molasse. Volcanic, intrusive , and various ore formation processes were actively occurring in the rift zone. The data on the geological structure and the history of the structure development confirm its rift nature.","PeriodicalId":341033,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the North-East Science Center","volume":"79 1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115042335","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-28DOI: 10.34078/1814-0998-2022-2-71-82
A. N. Polezhaev
An algorithm for analyzing of botanical information for use in the study of flora and vegetation by grid mapping was proposed using the example of the subzonal phytochora of the Arctic tundras. The article shows the total species richness of the studied area, which consists of 1007 taxa of vascular plants, mosses and lichens. The results of systematic, morphological, ecological, cenotic, and geographical analyses of Arctic tundra flora are presented; the distribution of vascular plant species of Arctic tundras in other subzonal flora of the region is shown; lists of species common for Arctic tundras and other subzonal floras are given; rare and endemic for the region species are identified.
{"title":"К анализу флор арктических тундр Севера Дальнего Востока России","authors":"A. N. Polezhaev","doi":"10.34078/1814-0998-2022-2-71-82","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34078/1814-0998-2022-2-71-82","url":null,"abstract":"An algorithm for analyzing of botanical information for use in the study of flora and vegetation by grid mapping was proposed using the example of the subzonal phytochora of the Arctic tundras. The article shows the total species richness of the studied area, which consists of 1007 taxa of vascular plants, mosses and lichens. The results of systematic, morphological, ecological, cenotic, and geographical analyses of Arctic tundra flora are presented; the distribution of vascular plant species of Arctic tundras in other subzonal flora of the region is shown; lists of species common for Arctic tundras and other subzonal floras are given; rare and endemic for the region species are identified.","PeriodicalId":341033,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the North-East Science Center","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134133397","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-28DOI: 10.34078/1814-0998-2022-2-59-70
A. Lozhkin, P. Anderson, M. Cherepanova, P. Minyuk, Yu. A. Korzun
Sea level rise during the Pleistocene-Holocene transition period caused the formation of lagoon lakes along the western and eastern coasts of the Kuril Islands. These lakes include Lake Serebryanoye, located in the northern part of the South Kuril Isthmus near the Pacific coast of Kunashir Island (44°03'21" N; 145°49'46" E). The total thickness of sediments in the lake was 367 cm. They are characterized by diatom flora (334 species), representing various ecological groups: freshwater, brackish water, marine, marsh, lacustrine, rheophilic, planktonic, benthic. The analysis of diatoms made it possible to distinguish two complexes. As shown by radiocarbon dating, in the Middle Holocene (100.5-367 cm interval) the sediments corresponded to the lagoon stage, which changed in the Late Holocene (100.5-0 cm interval) to the freshwater lake stage. Palynological analysis showed a successive change of biocenoses, reflecting the development in the Middle Holocene of birch-broadleaved forests with the participation of Pinus koraiensis, Picea sp. The most abrupt change in biocenoses is observed at the boundary of the Middle and Late Holocene. This change of biocenoses is expressed by the dominance of conifers in the vegetation cover, represented by various species of Picea, Pinus, Abies, Larix. It also shows the relative cooling of the climate in the Late Holocene.
{"title":"Environmental Changes on Kunashir Island (Kuril Archipelago) during the Middle and Late Holocene","authors":"A. Lozhkin, P. Anderson, M. Cherepanova, P. Minyuk, Yu. A. Korzun","doi":"10.34078/1814-0998-2022-2-59-70","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34078/1814-0998-2022-2-59-70","url":null,"abstract":"Sea level rise during the Pleistocene-Holocene transition period caused the formation of lagoon lakes along the western and eastern coasts of the Kuril Islands. These lakes include Lake Serebryanoye, located in the northern part of the South Kuril Isthmus near the Pacific coast of Kunashir Island (44°03'21\" N; 145°49'46\" E). The total thickness of sediments in the lake was 367 cm. They are characterized by diatom flora (334 species), representing various ecological groups: freshwater, brackish water, marine, marsh, lacustrine, rheophilic, planktonic, benthic. The analysis of diatoms made it possible to distinguish two complexes. As shown by radiocarbon dating, in the Middle Holocene (100.5-367 cm interval) the sediments corresponded to the lagoon stage, which changed in the Late Holocene (100.5-0 cm interval) to the freshwater lake stage. Palynological analysis showed a successive change of biocenoses, reflecting the development in the Middle Holocene of birch-broadleaved forests with the participation of Pinus koraiensis, Picea sp. The most abrupt change in biocenoses is observed at the boundary of the Middle and Late Holocene. This change of biocenoses is expressed by the dominance of conifers in the vegetation cover, represented by various species of Picea, Pinus, Abies, Larix. It also shows the relative cooling of the climate in the Late Holocene.","PeriodicalId":341033,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the North-East Science Center","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129240515","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-28DOI: 10.34078/1814-0998-2022-1-93-102
V. P. Vetrova, V. Neshatayev, V. Y. Neshataeva, A. P. Barchenkov, N. V. Sinelnikova
The diversity in the shape of cone scales of Larix cajanderi Mayr in the Penzhina population (North of Koryakia) was estimated using geometric morphometry methods. The study aimed in comparing the Penzhina population with other larch populations in Northeast Asia by the shape of cone scales and in identifying its geographical connections. A sample of 360 cones, collected from 36 larch trees in the middle reaches of the Penzhina River, was analyzed. Scales taken from the middle part of the cones were scanned, and outline points were placed with the screen digitizer using angular algorithm. Fourteen morphotypes of cone scales were distinguished by pairwise comparison of samples from each tree using Bootstrap resampling-based Goodall's F-test. These morphotypes were compared with those previously determined in the larch populations from Yakutia, Magadan Oblast, and the Kamchatka Peninsula. The morphotypes composition and frequency were used to determine phenotypic distances between populations. Cluster analysis and multidimensional scaling of the phenotypic distances were applied for ordination of the larch populations. All Penzhina morphotypes corresponded to the morphotypes of cone scales previously identified in the Yakutia and Magadan Cajander larch populations; two morphotypes were found earlier in the Kamchatka populations. By the shape of cone scales, the larch of the Penzhina population is close to the Yakutia populations of L. cajanderi. One can assume that the formation of larch forests in the Penzhina River valley mainly occurred due to the settlement of the larch from the Yakutia Pleistocene refugia. The Kamchatka cone scale morphotypes identical to those found in the Penzhina and Kolyma larch populations may indicate the migration of larch from the continent to the peninsula.
{"title":"Морфологическое разнообразие лиственницы Каяндера (Larix сajanderi Mayr) по форме семенных чешуй шишек в пенжинской популяции (Северная Корякия)","authors":"V. P. Vetrova, V. Neshatayev, V. Y. Neshataeva, A. P. Barchenkov, N. V. Sinelnikova","doi":"10.34078/1814-0998-2022-1-93-102","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34078/1814-0998-2022-1-93-102","url":null,"abstract":"The diversity in the shape of cone scales of Larix cajanderi Mayr in the Penzhina population (North of Koryakia) was estimated using geometric morphometry methods. The study aimed in comparing the Penzhina population with other larch populations in Northeast Asia by the shape of cone scales and in identifying its geographical connections. A sample of 360 cones, collected from 36 larch trees in the middle reaches of the Penzhina River, was analyzed. Scales taken from the middle part of the cones were scanned, and outline points were placed with the screen digitizer using angular algorithm. Fourteen morphotypes of cone scales were distinguished by pairwise comparison of samples from each tree using Bootstrap resampling-based Goodall's F-test. These morphotypes were compared with those previously determined in the larch populations from Yakutia, Magadan Oblast, and the Kamchatka Peninsula. The morphotypes composition and frequency were used to determine phenotypic distances between populations. Cluster analysis and multidimensional scaling of the phenotypic distances were applied for ordination of the larch populations. All Penzhina morphotypes corresponded to the morphotypes of cone scales previously identified in the Yakutia and Magadan Cajander larch populations; two morphotypes were found earlier in the Kamchatka populations. By the shape of cone scales, the larch of the Penzhina population is close to the Yakutia populations of L. cajanderi. One can assume that the formation of larch forests in the Penzhina River valley mainly occurred due to the settlement of the larch from the Yakutia Pleistocene refugia. The Kamchatka cone scale morphotypes identical to those found in the Penzhina and Kolyma larch populations may indicate the migration of larch from the continent to the peninsula.","PeriodicalId":341033,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the North-East Science Center","volume":"674 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132396568","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-28DOI: 10.34078/1814-0998-2022-1-31-39
N. Savva
The features of the stalactite-like formations relationship with onyxes in the geodes of the Ola basalt plateau agates are considered. It is shown that such formations are formed from the gel in the arc parts of cavities and flow down in the shape of icicles under the influence of gravity. "Stalactites" intersect previously formed layers of opal, chalcedony, quartz. The onyx layers. consisting of the silica group (SiO2,) minerals, can be dissolved only with the participation of F or HF. This is especially important in the case of poured basalts, since they contain no silica (SiO2) minerals, and silicon crystallizes in a different coordination (SiO4, Si3O8) in feldspars, olivine, etc. Geode filling with silica can be explained by the passage of gaseous HF and F from volcanic emanations through the thickness of silicon-containing rocks, with partial Si dissolution and formation of gaseous silicon tetrafluoride (SiF4), which fills cavities (bubbles) in basalt lavas. Subsequently, when meteoric water seeps into the cavity, silicon tetrafluoride is hydrolyzed to form orthosilicic acid, which is transformed into silica gel; the latter polymerizes to form chalcedony. Simultaneously, the remains of F either evaporate through cracks or accumulate in the cavity arch, again dissolving basalt in the vault of the geode (cycle repetition), with the formation of a viscous gel-like substance containing fluorine, which flows down in jets and polymerizes, thus creating stalactite-like structures. The author uses the photographs of agates found by B. M. Sedov in his numerous hikes to the Ola basalt plateau. The photographs were published in the wonderful book, "Agates from Upstream of the Ola River (Russia)" by B. M. Sedov.
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