Pub Date : 2023-03-14DOI: 10.18502/fbt.v10i2.12215
H. Talari, Y. Hamidian, Elaheh Askari Moghadam, Mohsen Razavizadeh, Gholamabbas Moosavi
Purpose: Fatty liver is the most common chronic liver disease, and finding the appropriate method for detecting the problem is necessary. The current study aimed to quantity liver steatosis using Computed Tomography (CT), ultrasound images, and Alanine Aminotransferase (ALT) blood test. Materials and Methods: In this work, 163 Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD) patients implemented CT and ultrasound images on their abdomen regions. The liver and spleen density were calculated using CT images (as the standard method), and then the patients were divided into mild, and moderate to severe groups. During the sonography, an M-value histogram of the liver and the right kidney was drawn and their ratio (liver/kidney) was considered as a Hepatorenal Index (HRI). Mann-Whitney test was used to evaluate the relationships between HRI and ALT values. Results: The mean and standard deviation of the liver density in CT scans were obtained as 51 ± 4 HU. The HRI had better performance (Area Under the Curve, AUC: 0.94) than the ALT (AUC: 0.88) in determining liver steatosis. In addition, there was a significant difference between the mild, and moderate to severe groups (P < 0.001) in HRI and ALT values. Conclusion: Based on the results, HRI is an excellent factor to distinguish between mild, and moderate to severe fatty liver. Notably, HRI is reproducible and operator-independent.
{"title":"Grading of Hepatic Steatosis by Ultrasound Quantification","authors":"H. Talari, Y. Hamidian, Elaheh Askari Moghadam, Mohsen Razavizadeh, Gholamabbas Moosavi","doi":"10.18502/fbt.v10i2.12215","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18502/fbt.v10i2.12215","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: Fatty liver is the most common chronic liver disease, and finding the appropriate method for detecting the problem is necessary. The current study aimed to quantity liver steatosis using Computed Tomography (CT), ultrasound images, and Alanine Aminotransferase (ALT) blood test. \u0000Materials and Methods: In this work, 163 Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD) patients implemented CT and ultrasound images on their abdomen regions. The liver and spleen density were calculated using CT images (as the standard method), and then the patients were divided into mild, and moderate to severe groups. During the sonography, an M-value histogram of the liver and the right kidney was drawn and their ratio (liver/kidney) was considered as a Hepatorenal Index (HRI). Mann-Whitney test was used to evaluate the relationships between HRI and ALT values. \u0000Results: The mean and standard deviation of the liver density in CT scans were obtained as 51 ± 4 HU. The HRI had better performance (Area Under the Curve, AUC: 0.94) than the ALT (AUC: 0.88) in determining liver steatosis. In addition, there was a significant difference between the mild, and moderate to severe groups (P < 0.001) in HRI and ALT values. \u0000Conclusion: Based on the results, HRI is an excellent factor to distinguish between mild, and moderate to severe fatty liver. Notably, HRI is reproducible and operator-independent. \u0000 ","PeriodicalId":34203,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Biomedical Technologies","volume":"2002 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72793376","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-14DOI: 10.18502/fbt.v10i2.12223
Nastaran Momeni, Saeed Afraydoon, N. Hamzian, Abolfazl Nikfarjam, Mahmoud Vakili Ghasemabad, Sepideh Abdollahi-Dehkordi, M. Shabani, M. Dehestani, Adel Heidari
Purpose: Photon-field shaping in radiation therapy with cerrobend block or Multi-Leaf Collimator (MLC) leads to an increase in the scattered dose to the out-of-field Organ At Risk (OAR). This study aimed to measure and compare the healthy organs absorbed dose outside the cerrobend block and MLC shielded field. Materials and Methods: Computed Tomography (CT) images were taken of a heterogeneous Thorax phantom while the target volume and organ at risk, including the spinal cord, contralateral lung, and heart were contoured. Conformal Treatment planning was performed (POP fields, total dose 40 Gy, 5 fx/week, and 2 Gy/fx) on the Prowess Panter Treatment Planning System (TPS). Irradiation was performed with 6 and 18 Mv X-ray of Siemens Oncor medical linear accelerator, once for the block-shielded field and again for the MLC-shielded field. At each energy, the radiation dose to the contoured out-of-field organs was measured by an ionization chamber and compared. Results: At both 6 and 18 MV energies, the out-of-field dose in the MLC-shielded fields was significantly lower than in the block-shielded ones (P < 0.001). The out-of-filed dose for contoured organ at risk was not significantly different at 18 MV compared with 6 MV. The dose calculated by the treatment planning system showed that the healthy organs absorbed doses in all conditions were significantly lower than the dosimetry results. Conclusion: The use of MLC to shield the lung cancer treatment filed reduces the out-of-field OARs dose compared to cerrobend block. This reduction is greater at 18 MV photon beam but this difference is not statistically significant.
{"title":"The Estimation of Radiation Dose to Out-of-Field Points of Organs at Risk in Block and MLC Shielded Fields in Lung Cancer Radiation Therapy","authors":"Nastaran Momeni, Saeed Afraydoon, N. Hamzian, Abolfazl Nikfarjam, Mahmoud Vakili Ghasemabad, Sepideh Abdollahi-Dehkordi, M. Shabani, M. Dehestani, Adel Heidari","doi":"10.18502/fbt.v10i2.12223","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18502/fbt.v10i2.12223","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: Photon-field shaping in radiation therapy with cerrobend block or Multi-Leaf Collimator (MLC) leads to an increase in the scattered dose to the out-of-field Organ At Risk (OAR). This study aimed to measure and compare the healthy organs absorbed dose outside the cerrobend block and MLC shielded field. \u0000Materials and Methods: Computed Tomography (CT) images were taken of a heterogeneous Thorax phantom while the target volume and organ at risk, including the spinal cord, contralateral lung, and heart were contoured. Conformal Treatment planning was performed (POP fields, total dose 40 Gy, 5 fx/week, and 2 Gy/fx) on the Prowess Panter Treatment Planning System (TPS). Irradiation was performed with 6 and 18 Mv X-ray of Siemens Oncor medical linear accelerator, once for the block-shielded field and again for the MLC-shielded field. At each energy, the radiation dose to the contoured out-of-field organs was measured by an ionization chamber and compared. \u0000Results: At both 6 and 18 MV energies, the out-of-field dose in the MLC-shielded fields was significantly lower than in the block-shielded ones (P < 0.001). The out-of-filed dose for contoured organ at risk was not significantly different at 18 MV compared with 6 MV. The dose calculated by the treatment planning system showed that the healthy organs absorbed doses in all conditions were significantly lower than the dosimetry results. \u0000Conclusion: The use of MLC to shield the lung cancer treatment filed reduces the out-of-field OARs dose compared to cerrobend block. This reduction is greater at 18 MV photon beam but this difference is not statistically significant.","PeriodicalId":34203,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Biomedical Technologies","volume":"25 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73796003","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-14DOI: 10.18502/fbt.v10i2.12214
H. Bouraghi, A. Mohammadpour, Taleb Khodaveisi, M. Ghazisaeedi, Soheila Saeedi
The Article Abstract is not available.
文章摘要不可用。
{"title":"Virtual Reality in Cardiac Diseases: The Challenges and Applications","authors":"H. Bouraghi, A. Mohammadpour, Taleb Khodaveisi, M. Ghazisaeedi, Soheila Saeedi","doi":"10.18502/fbt.v10i2.12214","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18502/fbt.v10i2.12214","url":null,"abstract":"The Article Abstract is not available.","PeriodicalId":34203,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Biomedical Technologies","volume":"29 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85338600","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-14DOI: 10.18502/fbt.v10i2.12216
Zahra Hossein-Nejad, M. Nasri
Purpose: The process of Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) image registration is one of the important branches in MRI image analysis, which is a necessary pre-processing to use the information in these images. The purpose of this paper is to present a new approach for MRI image registration that can maintain the total number of initial matches and have the highest precision. Materials and Methods: The Clustered Redundant Keypoint Elimination Method-Scale Invariant Feature Transform (CRKEM-SIFT) algorithm has recently been introduced to eliminate redundancies and upgrade the correspondence precision. The disadvantages of this algorithm include the high execution time and the number of incorrect correspondences. In this paper, to increase the accuracy and speed of MRI image registration, the CRKEM method is first used over the Speeded Up Robust Features (SURF) algorithm. Then, Spatial Relations Correspondence (SRC) and Alpha-Trimmed Spatial Relations Correspondence (ATSRC) methods are suggested to improve correspondences. These suggested methods, unlike conventional methods such as Random Sample Consensus (RANSAC(, which only eliminates incorrect correspondences, detect incorrect correspondences based on spatial relationships and turn them into correct correspondences. Converting incorrect correspondences to correct ones can increase the number of correct correspondences and ultimately increase the precision of correspondences. Results: The simulation results show that the suggested CRKEMSURF-ATSRC approach improves the mean by 28.92% in terms of precision and 37.58% in SITMMC compared to those of the SIFT-ARANSAC method. Conclusion: The suggested SRC and ATSRC methods use the spatial relations of the initial correspondences to convert the incorrect correspondences into correct ones. The number of initial correspondences is maintained in these suggested approaches. These methods are better than other methods of improving correspondences such as RANSAC, and Graph Transformation Matching (GTM). These suggested methods can be used as a new and efficient approach to improve the correspondence of medical images.
{"title":"Clustered Redundant Keypoint Elimination SURF Method in MRI Image Registration Based on Alpha-Trimmed Relationship","authors":"Zahra Hossein-Nejad, M. Nasri","doi":"10.18502/fbt.v10i2.12216","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18502/fbt.v10i2.12216","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: The process of Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) image registration is one of the important branches in MRI image analysis, which is a necessary pre-processing to use the information in these images. The purpose of this paper is to present a new approach for MRI image registration that can maintain the total number of initial matches and have the highest precision. \u0000Materials and Methods: The Clustered Redundant Keypoint Elimination Method-Scale Invariant Feature Transform (CRKEM-SIFT) algorithm has recently been introduced to eliminate redundancies and upgrade the correspondence precision. The disadvantages of this algorithm include the high execution time and the number of incorrect correspondences. In this paper, to increase the accuracy and speed of MRI image registration, the CRKEM method is first used over the Speeded Up Robust Features (SURF) algorithm. Then, Spatial Relations Correspondence (SRC) and Alpha-Trimmed Spatial Relations Correspondence (ATSRC) methods are suggested to improve correspondences. These suggested methods, unlike conventional methods such as Random Sample Consensus (RANSAC(, which only eliminates incorrect correspondences, detect incorrect correspondences based on spatial relationships and turn them into correct correspondences. Converting incorrect correspondences to correct ones can increase the number of correct correspondences and ultimately increase the precision of correspondences. \u0000Results: The simulation results show that the suggested CRKEMSURF-ATSRC approach improves the mean by 28.92% in terms of precision and 37.58% in SITMMC compared to those of the SIFT-ARANSAC method. \u0000Conclusion: The suggested SRC and ATSRC methods use the spatial relations of the initial correspondences to convert the incorrect correspondences into correct ones. The number of initial correspondences is maintained in these suggested approaches. These methods are better than other methods of improving correspondences such as RANSAC, and Graph Transformation Matching (GTM). These suggested methods can be used as a new and efficient approach to improve the correspondence of medical images.","PeriodicalId":34203,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Biomedical Technologies","volume":"141 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77996229","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-14DOI: 10.18502/fbt.v10i2.12217
Nader Asadian, Taha Jadidi, M. Jadidi
Purpose: Numerous studies have described the effect of Electromagnetic Fields (EMFs) in the promotion of Bone Marrow Stem Cell (BMSC) differentiation. We aimed to investigate the influence of frequency (10 and 100 Hz) and different pulse shapes (sine, rectangular, and triangular) of EMF on rats' BMSCs. Materials and Methods: The BMSCs in 6 groups were exposed to EMF for 1 h/ 7 days. The BMSCs viability was estimated by the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) test. The cresyl violet labeled the Nissl bodies, and the silver nitrate staining was done to evaluate the BMSCs nucleoli AgNORs. Results: The MTT test verified that EMF and pulse shape did not affect cell viability. In Nissl bodies staining most of the large neurons were related to the rectangular 10 Hz EMF group. The majority of the differentiated BMSCs were astrocytes, microglia, and oligodendrocyte in the triangular 100 Hz EMF group. Although the silver nitrate staining confirmed the effect of 10 Hz EMF, pulse shape alteration did not affect AgNOR parameters. In conclusion, we presented a low-magnetic flux density EMF (400 µT) to assess the responses of BMSCs nuclei. Conclusion: The findings showed that BMSCs differentiation was frequency-dependent. Further investigations are recommended for recognizing the function of EMF on BMSCs.
{"title":"Electromagnetic Field Effect on Bone Marrow Stem Cells Differentiation and Nucleoli AgNOR","authors":"Nader Asadian, Taha Jadidi, M. Jadidi","doi":"10.18502/fbt.v10i2.12217","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18502/fbt.v10i2.12217","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: Numerous studies have described the effect of Electromagnetic Fields (EMFs) in the promotion of Bone Marrow Stem Cell (BMSC) differentiation. We aimed to investigate the influence of frequency (10 and 100 Hz) and different pulse shapes (sine, rectangular, and triangular) of EMF on rats' BMSCs. \u0000Materials and Methods: The BMSCs in 6 groups were exposed to EMF for 1 h/ 7 days. The BMSCs viability was estimated by the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) test. The cresyl violet labeled the Nissl bodies, and the silver nitrate staining was done to evaluate the BMSCs nucleoli AgNORs. \u0000Results: The MTT test verified that EMF and pulse shape did not affect cell viability. In Nissl bodies staining most of the large neurons were related to the rectangular 10 Hz EMF group. The majority of the differentiated BMSCs were astrocytes, microglia, and oligodendrocyte in the triangular 100 Hz EMF group. Although the silver nitrate staining confirmed the effect of 10 Hz EMF, pulse shape alteration did not affect AgNOR parameters. In conclusion, we presented a low-magnetic flux density EMF (400 µT) to assess the responses of BMSCs nuclei. \u0000Conclusion: The findings showed that BMSCs differentiation was frequency-dependent. Further investigations are recommended for recognizing the function of EMF on BMSCs.","PeriodicalId":34203,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Biomedical Technologies","volume":"92 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83458238","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-31DOI: 10.18502/fbt.v10i1.11510
A. Abedini, K. Ebrahimnejad Gorji, N. Ghaemian, Sakineh Soleimani Varaki, M. Davoudi, Alaba Tolulope Agbele, A. Shabestani Monfared
Purpose: Metal artifacts cause to increase in the uncorrected dose evaluation during radiotherapy planning. This study aimed to evaluate the probable difference of the dose parameters calculated by the Treatment Planning System (TPS) in radiotherapy of head and neck cancer before and after metal artifact correction in Neusoft-Philips Corporation Computed Tomography (CT) images. Materials and Methods: In the present study, the radiotherapy planning of the head and neck cancer from thirty patients was first performed on the CT default images with dental implants. The same processes were applied after performing a body standard metal kernel on the CT images to reduce the metal artifacts. The Gross Tumor Volume (GTV) and Organ At Risks (OARs) were contoured on the CT slices. The dosimetric parameters (mean, minimum, and maximum) for the GTV and OARs (eyes and spinal cord) were obtained for both sets of CT images (defaults and filtered). Wilcoxon signed-rank test was used to calculate the probability dose variations between the two sets. Results: There are significant differences in several dose parameters between the default and filtered CT images (P-value < 0.05). These dosimetric parameters are related to the GTV (mean dose), spinal cord (minimum and mean doses), right eye (maximum dose), as well as left eye (mean dose). The average range of dose differences between the default and filtered images was obtained; 1.12%-3.11% for the GTV as well as 0.22%-12.05% for the OARs. Conclusion: Based on the results, the body standard metal kernel can cause a significant difference in several dosimetric parameters of GTV and OARs during the radiotherapy of head and neck cancer. Therefore, it is recommended to make a metal artifact correction on CT images for accurate dose calculation before designing a treatment plan.
{"title":"Dose Assessment in Radiotherapy of Head and Neck Cancer after Metal Artifact Reduction in Neusoft-Philips Corporation CT Scanner: A Clinical Study","authors":"A. Abedini, K. Ebrahimnejad Gorji, N. Ghaemian, Sakineh Soleimani Varaki, M. Davoudi, Alaba Tolulope Agbele, A. Shabestani Monfared","doi":"10.18502/fbt.v10i1.11510","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18502/fbt.v10i1.11510","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: Metal artifacts cause to increase in the uncorrected dose evaluation during radiotherapy planning. This study aimed to evaluate the probable difference of the dose parameters calculated by the Treatment Planning System (TPS) in radiotherapy of head and neck cancer before and after metal artifact correction in Neusoft-Philips Corporation Computed Tomography (CT) images. \u0000Materials and Methods: In the present study, the radiotherapy planning of the head and neck cancer from thirty patients was first performed on the CT default images with dental implants. The same processes were applied after performing a body standard metal kernel on the CT images to reduce the metal artifacts. The Gross Tumor Volume (GTV) and Organ At Risks (OARs) were contoured on the CT slices. The dosimetric parameters (mean, minimum, and maximum) for the GTV and OARs (eyes and spinal cord) were obtained for both sets of CT images (defaults and filtered). Wilcoxon signed-rank test was used to calculate the probability dose variations between the two sets. \u0000Results: There are significant differences in several dose parameters between the default and filtered CT images (P-value < 0.05). These dosimetric parameters are related to the GTV (mean dose), spinal cord (minimum and mean doses), right eye (maximum dose), as well as left eye (mean dose). The average range of dose differences between the default and filtered images was obtained; 1.12%-3.11% for the GTV as well as 0.22%-12.05% for the OARs. \u0000Conclusion: Based on the results, the body standard metal kernel can cause a significant difference in several dosimetric parameters of GTV and OARs during the radiotherapy of head and neck cancer. Therefore, it is recommended to make a metal artifact correction on CT images for accurate dose calculation before designing a treatment plan.","PeriodicalId":34203,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Biomedical Technologies","volume":"17 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86184240","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-31DOI: 10.18502/fbt.v10i1.11512
S. Bagherzadeh, K. Maghooli, Ahmad Shalbaf, Arash Maghsoudi
Purpose: Emotions are integral brain states that can influence our behavior, decision-making, and functions. Electroencephalogram (EEG) is an appropriate modality for emotion recognition since it has high temporal resolution and is a non-invasive and cheap technique. Materials and Methods: A novel approach based on Ensemble pre-trained Convolutional Neural Networks (ECNNs) is proposed to recognize four emotional classes from EEG channels of individuals watching music video clips. First, scalograms are built from one-dimensional EEG signals by applying the Continuous Wavelet Transform (CWT) method. Then, these images are used to re-train five CNNs: AlexNet, VGG-19, Inception-v1, ResNet-18, and Inception-v3. Then, the majority voting method is applied to make the final decision about emotional classes. The 10-fold cross-validation method is used to evaluate the performance of the proposed method on EEG signals of 32 subjects from the DEAP database. Results:.The experiments showed that applying the proposed ensemble approach in combinations of scalograms of frontal and parietal regions improved results. The best accuracy, sensitivity, precision, and F-score to recognize four emotional states achieved 96.90% ± 0.52, 97.30 ± 0.55, 96.97 ± 0.62, and 96.74 ± 0.56, respectively. Conclusion: So, the newly proposed model from EEG signals improves recognition of the four emotional states in the DEAP database.
{"title":"Emotion Recognition Using Continuous Wavelet Transform and Ensemble of Convolutional Neural Networks through Transfer Learning from Electroencephalogram Signal","authors":"S. Bagherzadeh, K. Maghooli, Ahmad Shalbaf, Arash Maghsoudi","doi":"10.18502/fbt.v10i1.11512","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18502/fbt.v10i1.11512","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: Emotions are integral brain states that can influence our behavior, decision-making, and functions. Electroencephalogram (EEG) is an appropriate modality for emotion recognition since it has high temporal resolution and is a non-invasive and cheap technique. \u0000Materials and Methods: A novel approach based on Ensemble pre-trained Convolutional Neural Networks (ECNNs) is proposed to recognize four emotional classes from EEG channels of individuals watching music video clips. First, scalograms are built from one-dimensional EEG signals by applying the Continuous Wavelet Transform (CWT) method. Then, these images are used to re-train five CNNs: AlexNet, VGG-19, Inception-v1, ResNet-18, and Inception-v3. Then, the majority voting method is applied to make the final decision about emotional classes. The 10-fold cross-validation method is used to evaluate the performance of the proposed method on EEG signals of 32 subjects from the DEAP database. \u0000Results:.The experiments showed that applying the proposed ensemble approach in combinations of scalograms of frontal and parietal regions improved results. The best accuracy, sensitivity, precision, and F-score to recognize four emotional states achieved 96.90% ± 0.52, 97.30 ± 0.55, 96.97 ± 0.62, and 96.74 ± 0.56, respectively. \u0000Conclusion: So, the newly proposed model from EEG signals improves recognition of the four emotional states in the DEAP database.","PeriodicalId":34203,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Biomedical Technologies","volume":"3 2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83647278","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-31DOI: 10.18502/fbt.v10i1.11511
M. Pakbin, Sedigheh Marjaneh Hejazi, S. Najafizadeh
Purpose: Measuring the blood flow velocity in capillaries is a useful method for diagnosing many diseases. Despite increasing interest in nailfold capillaroscopy, objective measures of capillary structure and blood flow have been rarely studied. This study aimed to measure the blood flow velocity along the capillary central line using capillaroscopy system, and also ImageJ software used Scale-Invariant Feature Transform (SIFT) tracking algorithms and Kalman filter for image processing. Materials and Methods: The Red Blood Cells (RBCs) velocity in capillaries of finger nailfold was measured in 12 normal cases using a novel capillaroscopy system. The measurements of the velocity were performed at 12 points in nailfold regions by two observers separately. The image processing and automated measurement take 1-2 min per nailfold. FFmpeg software was used to convert the images format, and then the images were imported to ImageJ software and segmented. SIFT tracking algorithms and Kalman filter were used to filter noise and irregularities in the images. For reproducibility, the velocity distribution values obtained by the two performers, and Paired T-Test was used. The reliability of a measuring instrument or calculation method depends on the tools obtained using Cronbach's alpha. To assess the repeatability of the algorithm, the capillary velocity values were executed at different times with 24-hour intervals using a coefficient of variance method. Results: The calculated RBCs velocity was in the range of 0.05-0.16 mm/s. The results based on Cronbach's alpha analysis for reliability factor was 0.97, with a good correlation among the measurements, 0.85. The average velocity (along with standard deviation) for repeatability at three different times was obtained 0.1195 ± 0.0246, 0.0974 ± 0.0221, and 0.0962 ± 0.0202 mm/s, demonstrating that there was no statistically variation between these measurements (P-value > 0.05). The velocity results for the two observers were 0.811 ± 0.392 and 0.819 ± 0.325 mm/s, indicating a good reproducibility between them (P-value = 0.959). Conclusion: For the measurements of nailfold capillaries velocity, there was good/reasonable reliability, repeatability, and reproducibility. The results indicated a good accuracy of capillaroscopy system and ImageJ software with SIFT algorithm and Kalman filter, which can be used as an appropriate tool for determining the rate of nailfold blood flow velocity.
{"title":"Quantitative Nail Fold Capillary Blood Flow Using Capillaroscopy System and ImageJ Software in Healthy Individuals","authors":"M. Pakbin, Sedigheh Marjaneh Hejazi, S. Najafizadeh","doi":"10.18502/fbt.v10i1.11511","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18502/fbt.v10i1.11511","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: Measuring the blood flow velocity in capillaries is a useful method for diagnosing many diseases. Despite increasing interest in nailfold capillaroscopy, objective measures of capillary structure and blood flow have been rarely studied. This study aimed to measure the blood flow velocity along the capillary central line using capillaroscopy system, and also ImageJ software used Scale-Invariant Feature Transform (SIFT) tracking algorithms and Kalman filter for image processing. \u0000Materials and Methods: The Red Blood Cells (RBCs) velocity in capillaries of finger nailfold was measured in 12 normal cases using a novel capillaroscopy system. The measurements of the velocity were performed at 12 points in nailfold regions by two observers separately. The image processing and automated measurement take 1-2 min per nailfold. FFmpeg software was used to convert the images format, and then the images were imported to ImageJ software and segmented. SIFT tracking algorithms and Kalman filter were used to filter noise and irregularities in the images. For reproducibility, the velocity distribution values obtained by the two performers, and Paired T-Test was used. The reliability of a measuring instrument or calculation method depends on the tools obtained using Cronbach's alpha. To assess the repeatability of the algorithm, the capillary velocity values were executed at different times with 24-hour intervals using a coefficient of variance method. \u0000Results: The calculated RBCs velocity was in the range of 0.05-0.16 mm/s. The results based on Cronbach's alpha analysis for reliability factor was 0.97, with a good correlation among the measurements, 0.85. The average velocity (along with standard deviation) for repeatability at three different times was obtained 0.1195 ± 0.0246, 0.0974 ± 0.0221, and 0.0962 ± 0.0202 mm/s, demonstrating that there was no statistically variation between these measurements (P-value > 0.05). The velocity results for the two observers were 0.811 ± 0.392 and 0.819 ± 0.325 mm/s, indicating a good reproducibility between them (P-value = 0.959). \u0000Conclusion: For the measurements of nailfold capillaries velocity, there was good/reasonable reliability, repeatability, and reproducibility. The results indicated a good accuracy of capillaroscopy system and ImageJ software with SIFT algorithm and Kalman filter, which can be used as an appropriate tool for determining the rate of nailfold blood flow velocity.","PeriodicalId":34203,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Biomedical Technologies","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83526746","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-31DOI: 10.18502/fbt.v10i1.11517
M. Keshtkar, Nastaran Khaghani, M. Ziaee, Sajad Pandesh
Purpose: Radiation workers are exposed to chronic effects due to long-term exposure to low levels of ionizing radiation. One of the biological indicators to evaluate these chronic radiation effects is the study of the hematopoietic system. The purpose of this study is to compare the changes in blood parameters of radiology staff and staff of other wards of the hospital. Materials and Methods: In this study, 47 radiology staff working in the radiology department of the hospital as the study group and 94 personnel in other departments as the control group were included. Demographic data including age, gender, and work experience were obtained. Hematological parameters were extracted from the complete blood count tests of participants. Results: The results of this study showed that the Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin (MCH) and Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin Concentration (MCHC) parameters significantly decreased in the male study group, whereas no significant differences were observed in the blood parameters of the female study group in comparison to those of the control group. There was a significant positive correlation between the parameters of Hemoglobin and age. There was a significant negative correlation between work experience and white blood cells, while there was a significant positive correlation between work experience and Hemoglobin. Conclusion: Correlation between collective absorbed dose and changes in blood parameters is suggested for future studies. Based on the results of this study and other studies, it can be concluded that long-term exposure to low levels of radiation may change blood parameters. Therefore, regular and periodic complete blood count tests along with absorbed dose monitoring of radiation workers are recommended.
{"title":"Comparison of Hematological Parameters between Diagnostic Radiation Workers and Non-Radiation Workers","authors":"M. Keshtkar, Nastaran Khaghani, M. Ziaee, Sajad Pandesh","doi":"10.18502/fbt.v10i1.11517","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18502/fbt.v10i1.11517","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: Radiation workers are exposed to chronic effects due to long-term exposure to low levels of ionizing radiation. One of the biological indicators to evaluate these chronic radiation effects is the study of the hematopoietic system. The purpose of this study is to compare the changes in blood parameters of radiology staff and staff of other wards of the hospital. \u0000Materials and Methods: In this study, 47 radiology staff working in the radiology department of the hospital as the study group and 94 personnel in other departments as the control group were included. Demographic data including age, gender, and work experience were obtained. Hematological parameters were extracted from the complete blood count tests of participants. \u0000Results: The results of this study showed that the Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin (MCH) and Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin Concentration (MCHC) parameters significantly decreased in the male study group, whereas no significant differences were observed in the blood parameters of the female study group in comparison to those of the control group. There was a significant positive correlation between the parameters of Hemoglobin and age. There was a significant negative correlation between work experience and white blood cells, while there was a significant positive correlation between work experience and Hemoglobin. \u0000Conclusion: Correlation between collective absorbed dose and changes in blood parameters is suggested for future studies. Based on the results of this study and other studies, it can be concluded that long-term exposure to low levels of radiation may change blood parameters. Therefore, regular and periodic complete blood count tests along with absorbed dose monitoring of radiation workers are recommended.","PeriodicalId":34203,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Biomedical Technologies","volume":"687 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76279697","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-31DOI: 10.18502/fbt.v10i1.11515
F. Saheli, N. Vosoughi, Z. Riazi, F. Rasouli, A. Jowkar
Purpose: Online determination of the elemental composition of tissues near the Bragg peak is a challenge in proton therapy related studies. In the present work, an analysis method based on the whole spectral information is presented for the quantitative determination of the elemental composition (weight %) of an irradiated target from its emitted Prompt Gamma (PG) spectrum. Materials and Methods: To address this issue, four test phantoms with different weights (%) of 12C, 16O, 20Ca, and 14N elements were considered. The simulated PG spectra were recorded using 3 × 3 inch NaI detectors. A library consisting of the spectra of single-element phantoms as well as the spectra of test-irradiated phantoms was produced for 30, 70, and 150 MeV incident protons using the Geant4 Monte Carlo toolkit. The elemental analysis was performed using the information of the whole spectrum by applying two methods, including the well-known Genetic Algorithm (GA) and Multiple Linear Regression (MLR). Results: The results show that the proposed method estimates the oxygen concentration accurately. Furthermore, the estimated weights of other elements, with both methods, agree well with nominal values in each test phantom, for the considered energies. Conclusion: The proposed quantitative elemental analysis of proton-bombarded phantoms using their induced PG spectrum is expected to be beneficial in treatment planning and treatment verification studies.
目的:在线测定布拉格峰附近组织的元素组成是质子治疗相关研究中的一个挑战。本文提出了一种基于全光谱信息的分析方法，用于从发射的提示伽玛(PG)光谱中定量测定辐照目标的元素组成(重量%)。材料和方法:为了解决这个问题，我们考虑了四种不同重量(%)的12C、16O、20Ca和14N元素的测试模。用3 × 3英寸NaI探测器记录了模拟的PG光谱。使用Geant4蒙特卡罗工具包，对30,70和150 MeV入射质子生成了单元素幻像和测试辐照幻像的光谱库。采用遗传算法(Genetic Algorithm, GA)和多元线性回归(Multiple Linear Regression, MLR)两种方法，利用全光谱信息进行元素分析。结果:该方法能较准确地估计氧浓度。此外，对于所考虑的能量，使用两种方法估计的其他元素的权重与每个测试模型中的标称值很好地吻合。结论:利用诱导PG谱对质子轰击幻影进行定量元素分析有望有助于治疗计划和治疗验证研究。
{"title":"Quantitative Elemental Analysis Using Whole Spectral Information (with GA and MLR Methods) of Proton Induced Prompt Gamma-Rays Simulated Using Geant4 Toolkit","authors":"F. Saheli, N. Vosoughi, Z. Riazi, F. Rasouli, A. Jowkar","doi":"10.18502/fbt.v10i1.11515","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18502/fbt.v10i1.11515","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: Online determination of the elemental composition of tissues near the Bragg peak is a challenge in proton therapy related studies. In the present work, an analysis method based on the whole spectral information is presented for the quantitative determination of the elemental composition (weight %) of an irradiated target from its emitted Prompt Gamma (PG) spectrum. \u0000Materials and Methods: To address this issue, four test phantoms with different weights (%) of 12C, 16O, 20Ca, and 14N elements were considered. The simulated PG spectra were recorded using 3 × 3 inch NaI detectors. A library consisting of the spectra of single-element phantoms as well as the spectra of test-irradiated phantoms was produced for 30, 70, and 150 MeV incident protons using the Geant4 Monte Carlo toolkit. The elemental analysis was performed using the information of the whole spectrum by applying two methods, including the well-known Genetic Algorithm (GA) and Multiple Linear Regression (MLR). \u0000Results: The results show that the proposed method estimates the oxygen concentration accurately. Furthermore, the estimated weights of other elements, with both methods, agree well with nominal values in each test phantom, for the considered energies. \u0000Conclusion: The proposed quantitative elemental analysis of proton-bombarded phantoms using their induced PG spectrum is expected to be beneficial in treatment planning and treatment verification studies.","PeriodicalId":34203,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Biomedical Technologies","volume":"75 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83827459","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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