Pub Date : 2022-12-31DOI: 10.18502/fbt.v10i1.11514
Hamidreza Fazilatnezhad, P. Rangraz, Fereidon Noshirvan Rahatabad
Purpose: Accurate measurement of Left Ventricular Ejection Fraction (LVEF) is critical for diagnosis of and predicting Left Ventricular (LV) arrhythmias. This study aims to estimate LVEF using nonlinear and statistical analysis in echocardiography images. Materials and Methods: The Cardiac Acquisition for Multi-Structure Ultrasound Segmentation (CAMUS) dataset is used to estimate LVEF. This dataset includes ultrasound images of 60 patients in two different groups (LVEF > 55%, LVEF < 45%). Region growing technique and Anatomical markers were used for segmentation of LV in images to measure region changes. LV region changes were investigated using nonlinear and statistical analysis. To facilitate estimating LVEF, feature extraction and Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) have been used. Results: The results show that the changes in the LV region in LVEF < 45% have a mean value of 3.254 while LVEF > 55% has a lower mean value of 3.071, but the mean of variance is 3.818 while for LVEF < 45% is 3.471 which can be concluded that the data scatter in LVEF > 55% was higher than the mean and indicates more significant changes in the LV region. Conclusion: LVEF estimated using nonlinear and statistical analysis shows a Mean Square Error (MSE) of 5.15.
{"title":"Mechanical Performance Separation of Cardiac by Nonlinear Processing of Ultrasound B-Mode Images","authors":"Hamidreza Fazilatnezhad, P. Rangraz, Fereidon Noshirvan Rahatabad","doi":"10.18502/fbt.v10i1.11514","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18502/fbt.v10i1.11514","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: Accurate measurement of Left Ventricular Ejection Fraction (LVEF) is critical for diagnosis of and predicting Left Ventricular (LV) arrhythmias. This study aims to estimate LVEF using nonlinear and statistical analysis in echocardiography images. \u0000Materials and Methods: The Cardiac Acquisition for Multi-Structure Ultrasound Segmentation (CAMUS) dataset is used to estimate LVEF. This dataset includes ultrasound images of 60 patients in two different groups (LVEF > 55%, LVEF < 45%). Region growing technique and Anatomical markers were used for segmentation of LV in images to measure region changes. LV region changes were investigated using nonlinear and statistical analysis. To facilitate estimating LVEF, feature extraction and Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) have been used. \u0000Results: The results show that the changes in the LV region in LVEF < 45% have a mean value of 3.254 while LVEF > 55% has a lower mean value of 3.071, but the mean of variance is 3.818 while for LVEF < 45% is 3.471 which can be concluded that the data scatter in LVEF > 55% was higher than the mean and indicates more significant changes in the LV region. \u0000Conclusion: LVEF estimated using nonlinear and statistical analysis shows a Mean Square Error (MSE) of 5.15.","PeriodicalId":34203,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Biomedical Technologies","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73850072","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-31DOI: 10.18502/fbt.v10i1.11505
H. Abdollahi, A. Rahmim
There is significant interest and value in utilizing Digital Twins (DTs) to extend healthcare from ‘one-size-fits-all’ to personalized therapies. Radiopharmaceutical Therapies (RPTs), which represent very powerful developments in the battle against cancer, are no exceptions to this. In fact, Theranostic Digital Twins (TDTs), which we elaborate in this work, present viable and feasible approaches to personalize RPTs. TDTs are computational representations of the human body that, unlike images, are operable; i.e. virtual trials can be conducted on them to propose optimal therapies for individual patients. TDTs can be built using Physiologically Based Pharmacokinetic (PBPK) models. This work elaborates that TDTs can be developed in static, dynamic and interactive modes towards routine use in future clinical settings. TDTs will open a new area of theranostics research and development in terms of new radiopharmaceutical designs, synthesis and enabling of more optimal therapies.
{"title":"Digital Twins for Personalized Healthcare: Application to Radiopharmaceutical Therapies","authors":"H. Abdollahi, A. Rahmim","doi":"10.18502/fbt.v10i1.11505","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18502/fbt.v10i1.11505","url":null,"abstract":"There is significant interest and value in utilizing Digital Twins (DTs) to extend healthcare from ‘one-size-fits-all’ to personalized therapies. Radiopharmaceutical Therapies (RPTs), which represent very powerful developments in the battle against cancer, are no exceptions to this. In fact, Theranostic Digital Twins (TDTs), which we elaborate in this work, present viable and feasible approaches to personalize RPTs. TDTs are computational representations of the human body that, unlike images, are operable; i.e. virtual trials can be conducted on them to propose optimal therapies for individual patients. TDTs can be built using Physiologically Based Pharmacokinetic (PBPK) models. This work elaborates that TDTs can be developed in static, dynamic and interactive modes towards routine use in future clinical settings. TDTs will open a new area of theranostics research and development in terms of new radiopharmaceutical designs, synthesis and enabling of more optimal therapies.","PeriodicalId":34203,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Biomedical Technologies","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85576014","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-31DOI: 10.18502/fbt.v10i1.11506
A. Atapour, M. Sattari, M. Mortazavi
Purpose: 10% of the world's population suffers from chronic kidney disease and millions of deaths occur annually due to lack of access to appropriate treatment in the world. Kidney transplantation is associated with several problems. These problems, including kidney rejection, the consequences of surgery, drug poisoning, and infectious diseases can reduce the chances of survival of these patients. The science of classification has been proposed in recent years to reduce medical errors due to inexperience, reduce the workload of physicians and provide a suitable model for making better decisions. Materials and Methods: The data set includes information about patients for whom kidney transplantation was performed in Isfahan. The data set includes 2554 patients and 38 attributes. The techniques used in this study will include random forest, Principal Component Analysis (PCA), and Support Vector Machine (SVM). Results: Among the studied techniques, PCA technique in three classes out of four classes had better performance than other techniques. The syndrome has the highest recurrence among traits. Five attributes include syndrome, blood type, dialysis time, weight, and age. Conclusion: The results showed that the PCA method in the case of non-numerical data has a good performance in identifying attributes. Also, five attributes that affect the survival rate of kidney transplant patients were identified.
{"title":"Identifying the Factors Affecting the Survival Rate of Kidney Transplant Patients in Isfahan Using Classification Techniques","authors":"A. Atapour, M. Sattari, M. Mortazavi","doi":"10.18502/fbt.v10i1.11506","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18502/fbt.v10i1.11506","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: 10% of the world's population suffers from chronic kidney disease and millions of deaths occur annually due to lack of access to appropriate treatment in the world. Kidney transplantation is associated with several problems. These problems, including kidney rejection, the consequences of surgery, drug poisoning, and infectious diseases can reduce the chances of survival of these patients. The science of classification has been proposed in recent years to reduce medical errors due to inexperience, reduce the workload of physicians and provide a suitable model for making better decisions. \u0000Materials and Methods: The data set includes information about patients for whom kidney transplantation was performed in Isfahan. The data set includes 2554 patients and 38 attributes. The techniques used in this study will include random forest, Principal Component Analysis (PCA), and Support Vector Machine (SVM). \u0000Results: Among the studied techniques, PCA technique in three classes out of four classes had better performance than other techniques. The syndrome has the highest recurrence among traits. Five attributes include syndrome, blood type, dialysis time, weight, and age. \u0000Conclusion: The results showed that the PCA method in the case of non-numerical data has a good performance in identifying attributes. Also, five attributes that affect the survival rate of kidney transplant patients were identified.","PeriodicalId":34203,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Biomedical Technologies","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86645825","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-31DOI: 10.18502/fbt.v10i1.11516
M. A. Younessi Heravi, M. Pishghadam, Emad Khoshdel, Sajad Zibaei
Purpose: This study aimed to evaluate a lie-detection system by non-linear analysis of video-based eye movement. Materials and Methods: The physiological signals, as well as video-based eye movement in horizontal and vertical channels, were recorded based on a Control Question Test (CQT). The dynamics of eye movement signals were then analyzed by Recurrence Quantification Analysis (RQA). Statistical analysis was performed by ANOVA and Linear Discriminate Analysis (LDA). Results: In this study, 40 subjects participated. The statistical analysis results of vertical eye movement indicated that ENT measures increased significantly for relevant questions in comparison to other questions. Moreover, a significant increase was observed in all RQA parameters except Lmax and DET for horizontal eye movement. The results of LDA using psychophysiology features. The accuracy percentage of 78.4% and 81.86% were obtained for lie detection using physiological signals and optimal RQA parameters of video-based eye movements, respectively. Conclusion: The accuracy of lie detection by significant RQA parameters was more than the accuracy of physiological signals. So, the results of this study illustrate that the dynamic technique is well suited to analyze eye movement signals under stress and it could be recommended as a useful method in lie detection.
{"title":"A New Approach for Lie Detection Using Non-Linear and Dynamic Analysis of Video-Based Eye Movement","authors":"M. A. Younessi Heravi, M. Pishghadam, Emad Khoshdel, Sajad Zibaei","doi":"10.18502/fbt.v10i1.11516","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18502/fbt.v10i1.11516","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: This study aimed to evaluate a lie-detection system by non-linear analysis of video-based eye movement. \u0000Materials and Methods: The physiological signals, as well as video-based eye movement in horizontal and vertical channels, were recorded based on a Control Question Test (CQT). The dynamics of eye movement signals were then analyzed by Recurrence Quantification Analysis (RQA). Statistical analysis was performed by ANOVA and Linear Discriminate Analysis (LDA). \u0000Results: In this study, 40 subjects participated. The statistical analysis results of vertical eye movement indicated that ENT measures increased significantly for relevant questions in comparison to other questions. Moreover, a significant increase was observed in all RQA parameters except Lmax and DET for horizontal eye movement. The results of LDA using psychophysiology features. The accuracy percentage of 78.4% and 81.86% were obtained for lie detection using physiological signals and optimal RQA parameters of video-based eye movements, respectively. \u0000Conclusion: The accuracy of lie detection by significant RQA parameters was more than the accuracy of physiological signals. So, the results of this study illustrate that the dynamic technique is well suited to analyze eye movement signals under stress and it could be recommended as a useful method in lie detection.","PeriodicalId":34203,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Biomedical Technologies","volume":"2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82402071","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-31DOI: 10.18502/fbt.v10i1.11509
Nooshin Sheykholeslami, Wrya Parwaie, M. Farzin, V. Vaezzadeh, G. Geraily
Purpose: Accurate knowledge about surface dose distribution is a critical issue in skin irradiation. This study was conducted to investigate the surface dose using the Eclipse Treatment Planning System (TPS) calculation and GAF chromic film measurement for breast cancer treatment. Materials and Methods: An inhomogeneous chest phantom was used in the present study. Irradiations were done with a 6 MV energy beam of a linear accelerator (Varian 2100C/D). TPS calculations and film measurements were compared for surface dose estimations. Results: The average difference between film measurements and TPS calculations was 7.1%. Surface doses were lower in TPS calculations in comparison with film measurements. Conclusion: TPS plays a significant role in radiotherapy. However, they have many errors in measuring surface doses. Because of the inaccuracy of the majority of treatment planning systems in calculating the surface dose, the need for practical measurements is essential.
{"title":"An Investigation into the Surface Dose Using Eclipse Treatment Planning System and Film Dosimetry for Treatment of Breast Cancer","authors":"Nooshin Sheykholeslami, Wrya Parwaie, M. Farzin, V. Vaezzadeh, G. Geraily","doi":"10.18502/fbt.v10i1.11509","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18502/fbt.v10i1.11509","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: Accurate knowledge about surface dose distribution is a critical issue in skin irradiation. This study was conducted to investigate the surface dose using the Eclipse Treatment Planning System (TPS) calculation and GAF chromic film measurement for breast cancer treatment. \u0000Materials and Methods: An inhomogeneous chest phantom was used in the present study. Irradiations were done with a 6 MV energy beam of a linear accelerator (Varian 2100C/D). TPS calculations and film measurements were compared for surface dose estimations. \u0000Results: The average difference between film measurements and TPS calculations was 7.1%. Surface doses were lower in TPS calculations in comparison with film measurements. \u0000Conclusion: TPS plays a significant role in radiotherapy. However, they have many errors in measuring surface doses. Because of the inaccuracy of the majority of treatment planning systems in calculating the surface dose, the need for practical measurements is essential.","PeriodicalId":34203,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Biomedical Technologies","volume":"28 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82799176","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-31DOI: 10.18502/fbt.v10i1.11513
Shamim Bagheri, H. Rajabi, A. Bitarafan-rajabi
Purpose: The use of ionizing radiation in medical research, treatment, and diagnosis is inevitable and expanding day by day. Meanwhile, in two modes of Computed Tomography (CT) and Single Photon Emission Computed Tomography (SPECT) imaging, the dose received by the organs is featured with limitations and problems, which are often referred to as the CT Dose Index volume (CTDIvol.) and the Dose Length Product (DLP). This study aimed to estimate the average dose of organs and compare them in each of these two modalities. Materials and Methods: Using the GATE code to simulate the SPECT-CT system and the International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP) voxelized phantom as the patient was investigated. The mean dose distribution in three groups of children, adults, and obese people with different body thicknesses was estimated. The dose received by each of the two systems was evaluated separately and results were discussed and analyzed comparatively. Results: In the kidney, bladder, intestine, colon, liver, and gallbladder, the dose received in CT is at least 10% more than nuclear medicine. For example, the ratio of the dose received in CT to the dose received in nuclear medicine in the lung was about 1.08 and in the esophagus was about 1.24. Subsequently, the ratio increased to 0.25 in the bladder and 0.19 in the colon and intestine. Moreover, the major organs that received the maximum dose, result in CT at least 10% more than nuclear medicine. Conclusion: The dose received in organs such as the esophagus, breast, and lung during CT imaging protocol and also maximum dose were at least ten percent more than nuclear medicine.
{"title":"Comparison of Average Absorbed Dose Distributions of Organs in SPECT-CT Imaging Using Monte Carlo Simulation","authors":"Shamim Bagheri, H. Rajabi, A. Bitarafan-rajabi","doi":"10.18502/fbt.v10i1.11513","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18502/fbt.v10i1.11513","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: The use of ionizing radiation in medical research, treatment, and diagnosis is inevitable and expanding day by day. Meanwhile, in two modes of Computed Tomography (CT) and Single Photon Emission Computed Tomography (SPECT) imaging, the dose received by the organs is featured with limitations and problems, which are often referred to as the CT Dose Index volume (CTDIvol.) and the Dose Length Product (DLP). This study aimed to estimate the average dose of organs and compare them in each of these two modalities. \u0000Materials and Methods: Using the GATE code to simulate the SPECT-CT system and the International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP) voxelized phantom as the patient was investigated. The mean dose distribution in three groups of children, adults, and obese people with different body thicknesses was estimated. The dose received by each of the two systems was evaluated separately and results were discussed and analyzed comparatively. \u0000Results: In the kidney, bladder, intestine, colon, liver, and gallbladder, the dose received in CT is at least 10% more than nuclear medicine. For example, the ratio of the dose received in CT to the dose received in nuclear medicine in the lung was about 1.08 and in the esophagus was about 1.24. Subsequently, the ratio increased to 0.25 in the bladder and 0.19 in the colon and intestine. Moreover, the major organs that received the maximum dose, result in CT at least 10% more than nuclear medicine. \u0000Conclusion: The dose received in organs such as the esophagus, breast, and lung during CT imaging protocol and also maximum dose were at least ten percent more than nuclear medicine.","PeriodicalId":34203,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Biomedical Technologies","volume":"176 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79832080","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-31DOI: 10.18502/fbt.v10i1.11508
Reza Eghdam-Zamiri, Hosein Ghiasi
Purpose: The production of the secondary neutron in the high-energy megavoltage medical accelerator machines has been extensively studied. In this study, MCNP5 MC code and two analytical methods, the proposed method and International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) 47 proposed method were used to capture γ-ray dose equivalent calculation. Materials and Methods: MCNP5 code of the MC simulation method was used for code calculation in this study. The main components of a Varian 2100Clinac were simulated as well as a 30×30×30 cm3 water phantom, in a Source to Surface Distance (SSD) of 100cm. Apparent neutron source strength (QN) was obtained using F1, *F8 tallies, and a small scoring cell at the isocenter with a mass equal to 0.625g. Results: QN was obtained as 1.25 n/Gy X for the simulated Linear Accelerators )linac( head and was used in the other calculations. In the simulated double-bend maze treatment room with first and second lengths of the maze as 7m and 3m, the proposed method calculated capture γ-ray dose with 6.2% and 60% differences compared with MC simulation and IAEA 47 methods, respectively. Conclusion: We concluded that Ghiasi and Mesbahi's proposed method performed better in capturing γ-ray dose equivalent calculation compared to IAEA 47 report. The proposed method reduced the difference from 60% to 6.2%.
{"title":"Capture γ-Ray Dose Equivalent at Double-Bend Maze Entrance; Monte Carlo Simulation and Analytical Methods and Measurements","authors":"Reza Eghdam-Zamiri, Hosein Ghiasi","doi":"10.18502/fbt.v10i1.11508","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18502/fbt.v10i1.11508","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: The production of the secondary neutron in the high-energy megavoltage medical accelerator machines has been extensively studied. In this study, MCNP5 MC code and two analytical methods, the proposed method and International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) 47 proposed method were used to capture γ-ray dose equivalent calculation. \u0000Materials and Methods: MCNP5 code of the MC simulation method was used for code calculation in this study. The main components of a Varian 2100Clinac were simulated as well as a 30×30×30 cm3 water phantom, in a Source to Surface Distance (SSD) of 100cm. Apparent neutron source strength (QN) was obtained using F1, *F8 tallies, and a small scoring cell at the isocenter with a mass equal to 0.625g. \u0000Results: QN was obtained as 1.25 n/Gy X for the simulated Linear Accelerators )linac( head and was used in the other calculations. In the simulated double-bend maze treatment room with first and second lengths of the maze as 7m and 3m, the proposed method calculated capture γ-ray dose with 6.2% and 60% differences compared with MC simulation and IAEA 47 methods, respectively. \u0000Conclusion: We concluded that Ghiasi and Mesbahi's proposed method performed better in capturing γ-ray dose equivalent calculation compared to IAEA 47 report. The proposed method reduced the difference from 60% to 6.2%.","PeriodicalId":34203,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Biomedical Technologies","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83020973","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-31DOI: 10.18502/fbt.v10i1.11518
Gholamreza Fallah Mohammadi, Alireza Khorrami Moghadam, Fariba Abaszadeh, Mohammad Mahdavi
Purpose: Calculating the organs' radiation dosage in cardiac nuclear medicine procedures is essential in order to identify critical organs, radiation risk assessment and optimization dose value in the injection of radiopharmaceutical drugs. In this study, the biological distribution of 99mTc-2-Methoxyisobutylisonitrile) 99mTc-MIBI as the most common radiopharmaceutical in a cardiac study in human organs based on animal samples was investigated. Materials and Methods: After 99mTc-MIBI preparation, radiopharmaceutical was injected into 15 rats. After sacrificing rats, the uptake of radiopharmaceuticals in critical organs at 15, 30, and 45 minutes was measured using an High Purity Germanium (HPGE) detector and the percentage of injected dose per gram of organs was calculated. The cumulative activity was calculated from the radiopharmaceutical transformation diagram with time. The absorption of a radioactive complex in human organs based on animal data was calculated by applying a correction factor. The organs dose was calculated using S factor and the effective dose was calculated using tissue weighting factors. Results: The mean effective dose per unit of activity was 0.0062 mSv/MBq. The mean effective dose of 27.5 mCi radiopharmaceutical injection was 6.3 mSv. In this study, the absorbed dose in blood, heart, lung, thyroid, liver, spleen, stomach wall, muscle, and bone was calculated as 0.28, 2.92, 1.85, 24.82, 11.13, 7.03, 20.95, 1.11, 4.97, and 22.22 mGy, respectively. Conclusion: The effective dose of human organs based on the animal model in the study of cardiac nuclear medicine was evaluated by injection of 99mTc-MIBI radiopharmaceutical. The kidneys, salivary glands, thyroid, and spleen were the most critical organs that should be considered in dose optimization studies. The effective dose limit was 28% lower than the values reported in international references.
{"title":"Critical Organ Dose Estimation from Tc-99m-MIBI in Nuclear Medicine Cardiology Based on Distribution Data in Rats","authors":"Gholamreza Fallah Mohammadi, Alireza Khorrami Moghadam, Fariba Abaszadeh, Mohammad Mahdavi","doi":"10.18502/fbt.v10i1.11518","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18502/fbt.v10i1.11518","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: Calculating the organs' radiation dosage in cardiac nuclear medicine procedures is essential in order to identify critical organs, radiation risk assessment and optimization dose value in the injection of radiopharmaceutical drugs. In this study, the biological distribution of 99mTc-2-Methoxyisobutylisonitrile) 99mTc-MIBI as the most common radiopharmaceutical in a cardiac study in human organs based on animal samples was investigated. \u0000Materials and Methods: After 99mTc-MIBI preparation, radiopharmaceutical was injected into 15 rats. After sacrificing rats, the uptake of radiopharmaceuticals in critical organs at 15, 30, and 45 minutes was measured using an High Purity Germanium (HPGE) detector and the percentage of injected dose per gram of organs was calculated. The cumulative activity was calculated from the radiopharmaceutical transformation diagram with time. The absorption of a radioactive complex in human organs based on animal data was calculated by applying a correction factor. The organs dose was calculated using S factor and the effective dose was calculated using tissue weighting factors. \u0000Results: The mean effective dose per unit of activity was 0.0062 mSv/MBq. The mean effective dose of 27.5 mCi radiopharmaceutical injection was 6.3 mSv. In this study, the absorbed dose in blood, heart, lung, thyroid, liver, spleen, stomach wall, muscle, and bone was calculated as 0.28, 2.92, 1.85, 24.82, 11.13, 7.03, 20.95, 1.11, 4.97, and 22.22 mGy, respectively. \u0000Conclusion: The effective dose of human organs based on the animal model in the study of cardiac nuclear medicine was evaluated by injection of 99mTc-MIBI radiopharmaceutical. The kidneys, salivary glands, thyroid, and spleen were the most critical organs that should be considered in dose optimization studies. The effective dose limit was 28% lower than the values reported in international references.","PeriodicalId":34203,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Biomedical Technologies","volume":"129 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74935295","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-31DOI: 10.18502/fbt.v10i1.11507
A. Ameri, G. Geraily
Purpose: Gamma Knife Radiosurgery refers to surgery using radiation to destroy intracranial tissues or lesions elusive or unsuitable for open surgery. This study aimed to simulate the Gamma Knife Icon™ (GKI™) single sector to assess various attributes of the output beam and evaluate the EGSnrc C++ Monte Carlo code capabilities to perform a complete simulation of GKI™ for more investigations. Materials and Methods: The single source is simulated, and the geometries of the 4 and 16 mm collimators are defined based on the manufacturer data. The phase space files (PSFs) are recorded at the end of each collimator, and dose distributions are saved for the final analysis process in the last step. Results: The beam spectrum has two energy peaks g1 =1.17 MeV and g2 = 1.33 MeV, and low energy photons from scattering are also evident. The Gamma Index (GI) values are less than 1 in comparing the dose profiles generated in simulation with reference data. The Full Width at Half Maximum (FWHM) is 4.55, 10.9, 5.13 (mm) and 16.7, 35.1, 17.65 (mm) for 4mm and 16 mm collimators along x, y, and z axes, respectively. The penumbra width (80%-20%) is also 1.48, 5.5, 1.54 (mm) and 3.76, 10.1, 2.78 (mm) for 4mm and 16 mm collimators along x, y, and z axes, respectively. Conclusion: Results are in good agreement with what is expected, and it is possible to perform a complete simulation of the GKI™ system using egs++ for more investigations in phantoms and patients.
{"title":"Gamma Knife Icon™ Single Sector Characterization Based on Monte Carlo Simulation","authors":"A. Ameri, G. Geraily","doi":"10.18502/fbt.v10i1.11507","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18502/fbt.v10i1.11507","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: Gamma Knife Radiosurgery refers to surgery using radiation to destroy intracranial tissues or lesions elusive or unsuitable for open surgery. This study aimed to simulate the Gamma Knife Icon™ (GKI™) single sector to assess various attributes of the output beam and evaluate the EGSnrc C++ Monte Carlo code capabilities to perform a complete simulation of GKI™ for more investigations. \u0000Materials and Methods: The single source is simulated, and the geometries of the 4 and 16 mm collimators are defined based on the manufacturer data. The phase space files (PSFs) are recorded at the end of each collimator, and dose distributions are saved for the final analysis process in the last step. \u0000Results: The beam spectrum has two energy peaks g1 =1.17 MeV and g2 = 1.33 MeV, and low energy photons from scattering are also evident. The Gamma Index (GI) values are less than 1 in comparing the dose profiles generated in simulation with reference data. The Full Width at Half Maximum (FWHM) is 4.55, 10.9, 5.13 (mm) and 16.7, 35.1, 17.65 (mm) for 4mm and 16 mm collimators along x, y, and z axes, respectively. The penumbra width (80%-20%) is also 1.48, 5.5, 1.54 (mm) and 3.76, 10.1, 2.78 (mm) for 4mm and 16 mm collimators along x, y, and z axes, respectively. \u0000Conclusion: Results are in good agreement with what is expected, and it is possible to perform a complete simulation of the GKI™ system using egs++ for more investigations in phantoms and patients.","PeriodicalId":34203,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Biomedical Technologies","volume":"22 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85547395","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Gholamreza Fallah Mohammadi, F. Falahati, Fatemeh Zakeri, Seyyed Mohammad Motevalli, Ehsan Mihandoost
Purpose: Prostate cancer is one of the most common malignant cancers. Several radiotherapy planning methods have been suggested for the treatment of prostate cancer. In this study, four-field, and Field-In-Field (FIF) planning methods were compared based on dosimetric parameters. Materials and Methods: In the radiotherapy Treatment Planning System (TPS) for 10 patients who were treated with the common four-field method, the planning was also performed by the FIF method. Dosimetric parameters were measured for Planning Target Volume (PTV), rectum, and bladder. These parameters included maximum dose, minimum dose, mean dose, V15%, V25%, V30%, and V35%, as well as Homogeneity Index (HI) and Conformity Index (CI). Two treatment planning methods based on dosimetric parameters were compared using paired t-test. Results: Maximum, minimum and mean dose in PTV, rectum, and bladder were significantly different for the two techniques. There was no significant difference between the two planning techniques in dosimetric parameters of V15%, V25%, V30%, and V35% for rectum and bladder. The FIF technique delivers more doses to the tumor. HI was better in the FIF method than in the four-field method, but CI was not significantly different. In both techniques, the rectum and bladder did not receive doses above 60 Gy. Conclusion: In the treatment of prostate cancer in both Four-field and FIF planning methods, the dose to the rectum and bladder is less than the tolerance dose. FIF technique is recommended to better control the tumor. Based on dosimetric parameters, no significant findings were obtained that prove the superiority of FIF over the four-field technique in the treatment of prostate cancer.
{"title":"Dosimetric Parameters Comparison of Four-Field and Field-in-Field Radiotherapy Planning in Treatment of Prostate Cancer","authors":"Gholamreza Fallah Mohammadi, F. Falahati, Fatemeh Zakeri, Seyyed Mohammad Motevalli, Ehsan Mihandoost","doi":"10.18502/fbt.v9i4.10427","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18502/fbt.v9i4.10427","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: Prostate cancer is one of the most common malignant cancers. Several radiotherapy planning methods have been suggested for the treatment of prostate cancer. In this study, four-field, and Field-In-Field (FIF) planning methods were compared based on dosimetric parameters. \u0000Materials and Methods: In the radiotherapy Treatment Planning System (TPS) for 10 patients who were treated with the common four-field method, the planning was also performed by the FIF method. Dosimetric parameters were measured for Planning Target Volume (PTV), rectum, and bladder. These parameters included maximum dose, minimum dose, mean dose, V15%, V25%, V30%, and V35%, as well as Homogeneity Index (HI) and Conformity Index (CI). Two treatment planning methods based on dosimetric parameters were compared using paired t-test. \u0000Results: Maximum, minimum and mean dose in PTV, rectum, and bladder were significantly different for the two techniques. There was no significant difference between the two planning techniques in dosimetric parameters of V15%, V25%, V30%, and V35% for rectum and bladder. The FIF technique delivers more doses to the tumor. HI was better in the FIF method than in the four-field method, but CI was not significantly different. In both techniques, the rectum and bladder did not receive doses above 60 Gy. \u0000Conclusion: In the treatment of prostate cancer in both Four-field and FIF planning methods, the dose to the rectum and bladder is less than the tolerance dose. FIF technique is recommended to better control the tumor. Based on dosimetric parameters, no significant findings were obtained that prove the superiority of FIF over the four-field technique in the treatment of prostate cancer.","PeriodicalId":34203,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Biomedical Technologies","volume":"3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84890799","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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