Pub Date : 2018-07-03DOI: 10.1080/09733159.2018.1562456
N. Agarwala
ABSTRACT Modern submarine cables, known for their applications in telecommunications and connectivity, are currently being explored for possible applications in marine environmental monitoring by virtue of advancements in the integrated sensors and repeaters that can be installed on these cables at a mere additional outlay of 5–10 per cent of the total system deployment cost. These submarine cables are thus providing a sweet alternative for use in marine scientific research and are referred to as ‘telecom-marine data cables’, ‘SMART cables’, or simply ‘green cables’. However, a few obstacles exist in their usage, as the submarine telecommunication cables have been granted unique rights and freedom by UNCLOS while data gathering through marine scientific research is dependent on national restrictions and has been left undefined in UNCLOS. Since the on-going effort of using these cables for dual use is being progressed without addressing the associated legal-regulatory aspects, there exists a need to revisit the existing legal regime for these emerging green-cables. In this two-part article, while part I will deal with the opportunities for development of ‘green cables’ part II will deal with the associated legal challenges and possible efforts to address these challenges.
{"title":"“Green cables” – Development, opportunities and legal challenges: Part I","authors":"N. Agarwala","doi":"10.1080/09733159.2018.1562456","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09733159.2018.1562456","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Modern submarine cables, known for their applications in telecommunications and connectivity, are currently being explored for possible applications in marine environmental monitoring by virtue of advancements in the integrated sensors and repeaters that can be installed on these cables at a mere additional outlay of 5–10 per cent of the total system deployment cost. These submarine cables are thus providing a sweet alternative for use in marine scientific research and are referred to as ‘telecom-marine data cables’, ‘SMART cables’, or simply ‘green cables’. However, a few obstacles exist in their usage, as the submarine telecommunication cables have been granted unique rights and freedom by UNCLOS while data gathering through marine scientific research is dependent on national restrictions and has been left undefined in UNCLOS. Since the on-going effort of using these cables for dual use is being progressed without addressing the associated legal-regulatory aspects, there exists a need to revisit the existing legal regime for these emerging green-cables. In this two-part article, while part I will deal with the opportunities for development of ‘green cables’ part II will deal with the associated legal challenges and possible efforts to address these challenges.","PeriodicalId":342704,"journal":{"name":"Maritime Affairs: Journal of the National Maritime Foundation of India","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126780529","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-07-03DOI: 10.1080/09733159.2018.1562455
Japish S. Gill, Ryan Mitra
ABSTRACT India’s maritime philosophy has been clearly outlined in both literature, and practice. From a defensive realist perspective, India’s approach to the high seas has brought home various advantages and elevated the country to the status of a major naval power in its region. Despite this prowess, in view of the globalised times and dynamically changing geopolitical scenarios unfolding to its East, India’s interpretation, methods of evaluation, and implementation of its policies, all need to evolve. This paper sheds light on the growing strategic importance-of the South East Asian Regional Complex, as also on the developmental vacuum in this Regional Complex, with specific focus upon Indonesia. The authors aim to address two fundamental questions —“How should India’s relations with Indonesia evolve?”, and, “In what manner should it evolve?”. Indonesia’s role in India’s maritime objectives is a central one and the evolving variables in India’s defensive realist approach places this South East Asian country right at the core of New Delhi’s interests.
{"title":"India’s growing maritime opportunities with Indonesia: Room for development in diplomacy and capability building","authors":"Japish S. Gill, Ryan Mitra","doi":"10.1080/09733159.2018.1562455","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09733159.2018.1562455","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT India’s maritime philosophy has been clearly outlined in both literature, and practice. From a defensive realist perspective, India’s approach to the high seas has brought home various advantages and elevated the country to the status of a major naval power in its region. Despite this prowess, in view of the globalised times and dynamically changing geopolitical scenarios unfolding to its East, India’s interpretation, methods of evaluation, and implementation of its policies, all need to evolve. This paper sheds light on the growing strategic importance-of the South East Asian Regional Complex, as also on the developmental vacuum in this Regional Complex, with specific focus upon Indonesia. The authors aim to address two fundamental questions —“How should India’s relations with Indonesia evolve?”, and, “In what manner should it evolve?”. Indonesia’s role in India’s maritime objectives is a central one and the evolving variables in India’s defensive realist approach places this South East Asian country right at the core of New Delhi’s interests.","PeriodicalId":342704,"journal":{"name":"Maritime Affairs: Journal of the National Maritime Foundation of India","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114898096","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-07-03DOI: 10.1080/09733159.2019.1565440
H. Raina
ABSTRACT India possesses the world’s largest overseas population (31.2 million). This geographically dispersed overseas population contributes more to India financially every year than Foreign Direct Investment and Foreign Aid put together. India has come a long way from the Nehruvian era policy of active disassociation between the Indian State and overseas Indians. The need to protect or rescue Indians residing abroad may arise due to any number of scenarios ranging from natural disasters to civil disorder to terrorist action to full scale combat. This article examines whether it is possible for India to engage in the forcible protection/rescue of its nationals. It also examines the issue of whether India must limit itself to only protecting/rescuing its citizens or whether it can also protect/rescue its nationals.
{"title":"The forcible protection of nationals and non-combatant evacuation operations","authors":"H. Raina","doi":"10.1080/09733159.2019.1565440","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09733159.2019.1565440","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT India possesses the world’s largest overseas population (31.2 million). This geographically dispersed overseas population contributes more to India financially every year than Foreign Direct Investment and Foreign Aid put together. India has come a long way from the Nehruvian era policy of active disassociation between the Indian State and overseas Indians. The need to protect or rescue Indians residing abroad may arise due to any number of scenarios ranging from natural disasters to civil disorder to terrorist action to full scale combat. This article examines whether it is possible for India to engage in the forcible protection/rescue of its nationals. It also examines the issue of whether India must limit itself to only protecting/rescuing its citizens or whether it can also protect/rescue its nationals.","PeriodicalId":342704,"journal":{"name":"Maritime Affairs: Journal of the National Maritime Foundation of India","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134156318","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-07-03DOI: 10.1080/09733159.2019.1572260
Ashok Rai
ABSTRACT The Quadrilateral Security Dialogue (QSD, hereinafter referred to as Quad), which had come into existence in 2007, ceased following the resignation of Japanese Prime Minister Shinzo Abe and the withdrawal of Australia during Kevin Rudd's tenure as Prime Minister. However, on the side lines of the 2017 ASEAN Summit, the subject of a structure that would facilitate peace, stability and development in the Indo-Pacific region which, is supposedly under threat due to China's assertive behaviour, came up for discussions once again between leaders of US, Japan, Australia and India. The revival of the Quad (colloquially termed as “Quad 2.0”), after a hiatus of nearly a decade was viewed with concern by the Chinese media, which termed the grouping as a possible first step towards the formation of an “Asian NATO”. The Chinese Minister of Foreign Affairs, Wang Yi, however was more dismissive, comparing the idea of reviving the Quad to “foam in the ocean, destined to dissipate soon”. Against the backdrop of a globalised and intertwined economy, where economic interdependence appears to be the norm in deciding national interests, this paper examines the likely future trajectory of this grouping and attempts to determine which of the two assessments is more plausible.
{"title":"Quadrilateral Security Dialogue 2 (Quad 2.0) – a credible strategic construct or mere “foam in the ocean”?","authors":"Ashok Rai","doi":"10.1080/09733159.2019.1572260","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09733159.2019.1572260","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The Quadrilateral Security Dialogue (QSD, hereinafter referred to as Quad), which had come into existence in 2007, ceased following the resignation of Japanese Prime Minister Shinzo Abe and the withdrawal of Australia during Kevin Rudd's tenure as Prime Minister. However, on the side lines of the 2017 ASEAN Summit, the subject of a structure that would facilitate peace, stability and development in the Indo-Pacific region which, is supposedly under threat due to China's assertive behaviour, came up for discussions once again between leaders of US, Japan, Australia and India. The revival of the Quad (colloquially termed as “Quad 2.0”), after a hiatus of nearly a decade was viewed with concern by the Chinese media, which termed the grouping as a possible first step towards the formation of an “Asian NATO”. The Chinese Minister of Foreign Affairs, Wang Yi, however was more dismissive, comparing the idea of reviving the Quad to “foam in the ocean, destined to dissipate soon”. Against the backdrop of a globalised and intertwined economy, where economic interdependence appears to be the norm in deciding national interests, this paper examines the likely future trajectory of this grouping and attempts to determine which of the two assessments is more plausible.","PeriodicalId":342704,"journal":{"name":"Maritime Affairs: Journal of the National Maritime Foundation of India","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126046975","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-07-03DOI: 10.1080/09733159.2019.1565441
R. Bhandari
ABSTRACT Effective and sustainable strategy for success in the marketplace continuously engages the principal stakeholders in business, who are always searching for ways and means for a greater share of the customer’s mind space and wallet. In military warfare, defined Principles of War help maintain focus and improve chances of a favourable outcome. Similarly, as maritime and corporate strategies share a boundary-less nature of operations in both spheres, “Principles of Corporate Warfare” could be defined to increase uniformity of response and enhance aggressive spirit, so as to ensure a favourable outcome. This paper attempts to define ten “Principles of Corporate Warfare”.
{"title":"Principles of modern corporate warfare: Integrating Sun Tzu’s art of war, military principles of war and concepts of marketing warfare","authors":"R. Bhandari","doi":"10.1080/09733159.2019.1565441","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09733159.2019.1565441","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Effective and sustainable strategy for success in the marketplace continuously engages the principal stakeholders in business, who are always searching for ways and means for a greater share of the customer’s mind space and wallet. In military warfare, defined Principles of War help maintain focus and improve chances of a favourable outcome. Similarly, as maritime and corporate strategies share a boundary-less nature of operations in both spheres, “Principles of Corporate Warfare” could be defined to increase uniformity of response and enhance aggressive spirit, so as to ensure a favourable outcome. This paper attempts to define ten “Principles of Corporate Warfare”.","PeriodicalId":342704,"journal":{"name":"Maritime Affairs: Journal of the National Maritime Foundation of India","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128896095","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-07-03DOI: 10.1080/09733159.2018.1562453
V. Mishra
ABSTRACT India and the US have crossed the proverbial Rubicon in their bilateral ties, with maritime cooperation being the mainstay. The US-India navy-to-navy cooperation has emerged as the “best performing area of bilateral relationship”. The maritime domain including the Indian Ocean and the Indo-Pacific area has emerged as the domain for the identification of commonly perceptible threats and goals in the larger Asian maritime expanse. A series of developments, agreements and understandings has gradually been cementing the rubric of US-India maritime cooperation. This paper proposes to justify the hypothesis that maritime cooperation between the US and India is one of the primary mainstays of their bilateral cooperation, and that the proposition will only get stronger going forward. By analysing various steps in maritime cooperation between the two countries, the paper seeks to highlight the rationales for such cooperation; growing Chinese presence in the region, non-traditional threats, HA/DR cooperation, domain awareness, reconnaissance, intelligence gathering, regional stability, and balance of power.
{"title":"India-US maritime cooperation: Crossing the rubicon","authors":"V. Mishra","doi":"10.1080/09733159.2018.1562453","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09733159.2018.1562453","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT India and the US have crossed the proverbial Rubicon in their bilateral ties, with maritime cooperation being the mainstay. The US-India navy-to-navy cooperation has emerged as the “best performing area of bilateral relationship”. The maritime domain including the Indian Ocean and the Indo-Pacific area has emerged as the domain for the identification of commonly perceptible threats and goals in the larger Asian maritime expanse. A series of developments, agreements and understandings has gradually been cementing the rubric of US-India maritime cooperation. This paper proposes to justify the hypothesis that maritime cooperation between the US and India is one of the primary mainstays of their bilateral cooperation, and that the proposition will only get stronger going forward. By analysing various steps in maritime cooperation between the two countries, the paper seeks to highlight the rationales for such cooperation; growing Chinese presence in the region, non-traditional threats, HA/DR cooperation, domain awareness, reconnaissance, intelligence gathering, regional stability, and balance of power.","PeriodicalId":342704,"journal":{"name":"Maritime Affairs: Journal of the National Maritime Foundation of India","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125325999","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-07-03DOI: 10.1080/09733159.2018.1534651
R. Hari Kumar
ABSTRACT For a military commander in the field balancing the requirement of successful mission completion while ensuring maximum safety is a complex task. Therein, arises many questions like: Do the risks outweigh the benefits?; Is a calculated risk benefit approach suitable for a military organisation in war? In today’s transparent world there is a need to take cognizance of such aspects while catering for operational necessity. This paper analyses the concept of safety and military missions, by balancing the requirements via the application of available tools, measures, training and judgement like Operational Risk Management (ORM), Efficiency Thoroughness Trade-Off (ETTO), Bold Leadership, Novelty and Innovation, and technology management to name a few.
{"title":"Mission success and safety – striking the right balance","authors":"R. Hari Kumar","doi":"10.1080/09733159.2018.1534651","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09733159.2018.1534651","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT For a military commander in the field balancing the requirement of successful mission completion while ensuring maximum safety is a complex task. Therein, arises many questions like: Do the risks outweigh the benefits?; Is a calculated risk benefit approach suitable for a military organisation in war? In today’s transparent world there is a need to take cognizance of such aspects while catering for operational necessity. This paper analyses the concept of safety and military missions, by balancing the requirements via the application of available tools, measures, training and judgement like Operational Risk Management (ORM), Efficiency Thoroughness Trade-Off (ETTO), Bold Leadership, Novelty and Innovation, and technology management to name a few.","PeriodicalId":342704,"journal":{"name":"Maritime Affairs: Journal of the National Maritime Foundation of India","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127518975","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-01-02DOI: 10.1080/09733159.2018.1478434
J. T. Jacob
ABSTRACT China’s Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) is often sold as a project that aims to meet the infrastructure deficit in many underdeveloped parts of the world. However, Chinese projects under the BRI come with features that have negative short-term and long-term implications for the host countries in question. Chinese project financing almost uniformly lacks transparency, including about the terms of this financing, and is accompanied by uncertainty about local benefits such as employment and by poor standards. This paper begins by highlighting some key features of Chinese infrastructure projects under the BRI, before it examines, in detail, the financing of these projects, particularly in South Asia. The article concludes by stating that China’s success in pushing the BRI – despite its several problems – is the result of the inability of democratic nations to come up with feasible alternatives that respect local sensitivities and conditions in the countries in need of infrastructure development. India, especially, has much to reflect upon in respect of its own methods and approaches towards its neighbours and towards overseas development assistance in the wake of China’s BRI.
{"title":"Connectivity Models in the Indo-Pacific: An Indian Perspective","authors":"J. T. Jacob","doi":"10.1080/09733159.2018.1478434","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09733159.2018.1478434","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT China’s Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) is often sold as a project that aims to meet the infrastructure deficit in many underdeveloped parts of the world. However, Chinese projects under the BRI come with features that have negative short-term and long-term implications for the host countries in question. Chinese project financing almost uniformly lacks transparency, including about the terms of this financing, and is accompanied by uncertainty about local benefits such as employment and by poor standards. This paper begins by highlighting some key features of Chinese infrastructure projects under the BRI, before it examines, in detail, the financing of these projects, particularly in South Asia. The article concludes by stating that China’s success in pushing the BRI – despite its several problems – is the result of the inability of democratic nations to come up with feasible alternatives that respect local sensitivities and conditions in the countries in need of infrastructure development. India, especially, has much to reflect upon in respect of its own methods and approaches towards its neighbours and towards overseas development assistance in the wake of China’s BRI.","PeriodicalId":342704,"journal":{"name":"Maritime Affairs: Journal of the National Maritime Foundation of India","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124824206","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-01-02DOI: 10.1080/09733159.2018.1524340
Peng Liu, P. Pandit
ABSTRACT China’s port development projects at home and abroad has generated much discussion among the scholars and policymakers. Since 5 of the top 10 container ports in the world are in mainland China and its shipping companies carry more cargo than those of any other nation, it points to the port efficiency and maritime infrastructure that China has developed in the recent years. However, some of China’s port development activities abroad have been subject of controversy pertaining to its intentions around these projects. In this backdrop, the paper seeks to analyse China’s port development initiatives from littoral countries’ perspective, given their critical dependence on ports such that the level of port efficiency affects the economic growth of the region. The study takes Bangladesh’s port development projects as an example to indicate the opportunities and challenges involved in such initiatives and the need to continue with port development program in a win-win cooperative framework.
{"title":"Building ports with China’s assistance: Perspectives from littoral countries","authors":"Peng Liu, P. Pandit","doi":"10.1080/09733159.2018.1524340","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09733159.2018.1524340","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT China’s port development projects at home and abroad has generated much discussion among the scholars and policymakers. Since 5 of the top 10 container ports in the world are in mainland China and its shipping companies carry more cargo than those of any other nation, it points to the port efficiency and maritime infrastructure that China has developed in the recent years. However, some of China’s port development activities abroad have been subject of controversy pertaining to its intentions around these projects. In this backdrop, the paper seeks to analyse China’s port development initiatives from littoral countries’ perspective, given their critical dependence on ports such that the level of port efficiency affects the economic growth of the region. The study takes Bangladesh’s port development projects as an example to indicate the opportunities and challenges involved in such initiatives and the need to continue with port development program in a win-win cooperative framework.","PeriodicalId":342704,"journal":{"name":"Maritime Affairs: Journal of the National Maritime Foundation of India","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128443967","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-01-02DOI: 10.1080/09733159.2018.1482665
Y. Lee
ABSTRACT While maritime merchandise trade brings about significant opportunities for growth in Southeast Asia, the dependency on maritime merchandise trade also brings about risks and challenges. This paper begins with a brief examination of the maritime merchandise trade situation globally and in Southeast Asia, followed by a discussion of initiatives undertaken to promote maritime merchandise trade in the region. In doing so, the paper makes three key propositions. First, concentration of trade among a few trading partners and the large maritime infrastructure and logistics gap among the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) member states are the two main challenges facing Southeast Asia. Second, case studies of Indonesia and Singapore show that diverse interests and capabilities among ASEAN member states underscores the need for different national strategies for promoting maritime merchandise trade. Third, both traditional and non-traditional maritime security threats constitute significant risk to maritime merchandise trade in Southeast Asia.
{"title":"Maritime Merchandise Trade in Southeast Asia: Opportunities and Challenges","authors":"Y. Lee","doi":"10.1080/09733159.2018.1482665","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09733159.2018.1482665","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT While maritime merchandise trade brings about significant opportunities for growth in Southeast Asia, the dependency on maritime merchandise trade also brings about risks and challenges. This paper begins with a brief examination of the maritime merchandise trade situation globally and in Southeast Asia, followed by a discussion of initiatives undertaken to promote maritime merchandise trade in the region. In doing so, the paper makes three key propositions. First, concentration of trade among a few trading partners and the large maritime infrastructure and logistics gap among the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) member states are the two main challenges facing Southeast Asia. Second, case studies of Indonesia and Singapore show that diverse interests and capabilities among ASEAN member states underscores the need for different national strategies for promoting maritime merchandise trade. Third, both traditional and non-traditional maritime security threats constitute significant risk to maritime merchandise trade in Southeast Asia.","PeriodicalId":342704,"journal":{"name":"Maritime Affairs: Journal of the National Maritime Foundation of India","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134570462","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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