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Efficient next-generation reservoir computing: An analog in-memory implementation using memristor crossbar arrays 高效的下一代储层计算：使用忆阻交叉棒阵列的内存模拟实现

IF 4.1 2区综合性期刊 Q1 MULTIDISCIPLINARY SCIENCES

iScience

Pub Date : 2026-01-07 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2026.114642

Zhuosheng Lin , Xiaona Wu , Zaofeng Chen , Jilong Zhang , Jingliang Deng , Yue Feng

Reservoir computing has garnered significant attention for its efficiency in processing temporal signals, while the proposed next-generation reservoir computing (NG-RC) further enhances computational efficiency. The analog in-memory computing architecture fundamentally reduces the data transfer operations between data processing units and storage units. This study proposes a novel NG-RC implementation scheme based on memristor crossbar arrays. Specifically, the nonlinear feature vector operation is mathematically converted into matrix multiplication, enabling in situ computation within memristor crossbar arrays. The unique monomial of the vector outer production can be extracted by reading the current of the specific column line in array, facilitating efficient NG-RC implementation. Under ideal memristor device conditions, the proposed scheme demonstrates excellent performance in the prediction and inference tasks, validating its feasibility. Additionally, simulation experiments considering non-ideal memristor characteristics reveal that the programming error is the critical factor affecting the system performance. However, by selecting the appropriate memristor device, the proposed NG-RC implementation scheme shows comparable performance to digital implementations, confirming the effectiveness of the proposed scheme.

油藏计算因其处理时间信号的效率而备受关注，而下一代油藏计算（NG-RC）则进一步提高了计算效率。模拟内存计算架构从根本上减少了数据处理单元和存储单元之间的数据传输操作。本文提出了一种基于忆阻交叉栅阵列的新型NG-RC实现方案。具体来说，非线性特征向量运算在数学上被转换成矩阵乘法，从而在忆阻交叉棒阵列内实现原位计算。通过读取阵列中特定列线的电流，可以提取矢量外产的唯一多项式，方便高效的NG-RC实现。在理想的忆阻器条件下，该方案在预测和推理任务中表现出优异的性能，验证了其可行性。此外，考虑非理想忆阻器特性的仿真实验表明，编程误差是影响系统性能的关键因素。然而，通过选择合适的忆阻器器件，所提出的NG-RC实现方案表现出与数字实现相当的性能，证实了所提出方案的有效性。

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引用次数: 0

Gut microbial diversity impacts carbohydrate fermentation by children with severe acute malnutrition 肠道微生物多样性影响严重急性营养不良儿童的碳水化合物发酵

IF 4.1 2区综合性期刊 Q1 MULTIDISCIPLINARY SCIENCES

iScience

Pub Date : 2026-01-07 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2026.114640

Akshay Bisht , Jennifer Ahn-Jarvis , Kendall Corbin , Suzanne Harris , Perla Troncoso-Rey , Peter Olupot-Olupot , Nuala Calder , Kevin Walsh , Kathryn Maitland , Gary Frost , Frederick J. Warren

African children suffering from severe acute malnutrition (SAM) have a disrupted gut microbiome and low short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs). These are linked to persistently high mortality and morbidity rates. Supplementing recovery feeding regimes with suitable fermentable carbohydrate may improve outcomes in SAM. We adapted in vitro colon models to investigate the ability of children with SAM to utilize four carbohydrate substrates: milk powders (with and without human milk-like oligosaccharides), chickpea-enriched feed, and inulin. All substrates, except inulin, were fermented to produce SCFAs. The inability to utilize inulin ex vivo, a widely used prebiotic, is attributed to low microbial diversity, enriched with Proteobacteria. Stool samples obtained after partial anthropometric recovery showed increased microbial diversity and higher levels of GH32 enzyme family, responsible for inulin metabolism. These findings can inform the design of future therapeutic feeds for the treatment of SAM, where inulin has been found ineffective during initial hospitalization. Alternative carbohydrates appear to be more effective in supporting gut recovery during both the initial and later treatment phases.

患有严重急性营养不良（SAM）的非洲儿童肠道微生物群被破坏，短链脂肪酸（SCFAs）含量低。这些都与持续高死亡率和发病率有关。补充适当的可发酵碳水化合物的恢复性喂养方案可以改善SAM的预后。我们采用体外结肠模型来研究患有SAM的儿童利用四种碳水化合物底物的能力：奶粉（含和不含类人乳低聚糖）、鹰嘴豆饲料和菊粉。除菊粉外，所有底物均发酵生成短链脂肪酸。菊粉是一种广泛使用的益生元，在体外无法利用菊粉是由于微生物多样性低，富含变形菌。部分人体测量恢复后获得的粪便样本显示微生物多样性增加，GH32酶家族水平更高，负责菊粉代谢。这些发现可以为未来治疗急性急性胰腺炎饲料的设计提供信息，因为在初次住院期间，菊粉被发现是无效的。在治疗初期和后期，替代碳水化合物似乎在支持肠道恢复方面更有效。

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引用次数: 0

Connections between physics and metabolism in brain functions 大脑功能中的物理和新陈代谢之间的联系

IF 4.1 2区综合性期刊 Q1 MULTIDISCIPLINARY SCIENCES

iScience

Pub Date : 2026-01-07 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2026.114643

Fanny Mochel , Alfonso de Oyarzábal Sanz , Leticia Pías Peleteiro , Juliana Ribeiro-Constante , Patricia Bassereau , Kevin Chalut , Laurent Cognet , Leroy Cronin , Stuart Hameroff , Francisco J. López-Murcia , Eva K. Pillai , Marta Sales-Pardo , Anne Straube , Adrien Hallou , Angeles Garcia-Cazorla

Advances in molecular biology have shaped our understanding of cellular biology. Yet, this molecular-centric approach has overshadowed the role of physical processes governing cellular homeostasis. In genetic disorders, particularly inherited metabolic diseases, phenotypic heterogeneity cannot solely be explained by genetic variants. Mechanical properties of cells and tissues may account for this variability, given the interplay between biological and physical cues in metabolic regulations. In July 2024, we organized an international symposium with world experts in physics, chemistry, and neurobiology to explore the physical regulation of brain metabolism in health and disease. Topics included mechanotransduction in neurodevelopment and brain aging, the physics of neurotransmission and cellular trafficking, and emerging methods to model cellular metabolism, analyze single-cell mechanical and transcriptional signals, and track nanoparticles in intact brain tissue. This effort aims to foster an interdisciplinary framework for neuroscience and train scientists across disciplines, while integrating art to stimulate creativity and integrative thinking.

分子生物学的进步塑造了我们对细胞生物学的理解。然而，这种以分子为中心的方法掩盖了控制细胞稳态的物理过程的作用。在遗传性疾病，特别是遗传性代谢疾病中，表型异质性不能仅仅用遗传变异来解释。考虑到代谢调节中生物和物理线索之间的相互作用，细胞和组织的机械特性可能解释了这种可变性。在2024年7月，我们组织了一次国际研讨会，与世界上的物理、化学和神经生物学专家一起探讨大脑代谢在健康和疾病中的物理调节。主题包括神经发育和脑老化中的机械转导，神经传递和细胞运输的物理学，以及模拟细胞代谢的新方法，分析单细胞机械和转录信号，以及跟踪完整脑组织中的纳米颗粒。这项工作旨在培养神经科学的跨学科框架，培养跨学科的科学家，同时结合艺术来激发创造力和综合思维。

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引用次数: 0

Thrombospondin 1 aggravates cardiac remodeling in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction by inhibiting mitophagy 血栓反应蛋白1通过抑制线粒体自噬，加重了保留射血分数的心力衰竭患者的心脏重塑

IF 4.1 2区综合性期刊 Q1 MULTIDISCIPLINARY SCIENCES

iScience

Pub Date : 2026-01-07 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2026.114639

Xingpeng Bu , Shuo Sha , Zhenzhen Zhang , Sicheng Bian , Shuhui Feng , Chunxia Li , Lei Wang , Huanzhen Chen

Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) accounts for over half of all heart failure cases, but its underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Mitochondrial dysfunction and defective mitophagy are increasingly recognized as central features of HFpEF. Thrombospondin 1 (Thbs1), a matricellular protein involved in cardiovascular remodeling, has not been explored in this context. Here, we show that Thbs1 expression is elevated in HFpEF myocardium and that Thbs1 aggravates cardiac dysfunction by inhibiting mitophagy. In a “two-hit” HFpEF mouse model induced by high-fat diet and L-NAME, AAV9-mediated Thbs1 knockdown improved diastolic function, reduced fibrosis and inflammation, and mitigated PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway activation revealed by transcriptomic and proteomic profiling. Mechanistically, Thbs1 silencing restored autophagic flux, enhanced mitochondrial clearance, and preserved mitochondrial homeostasis in cardiomyocytes. These findings identify Thbs1 as a key suppressor of mitophagy in HFpEF and a potential therapeutic target for this prevalent condition.

保留射血分数（HFpEF）的心力衰竭占所有心力衰竭病例的一半以上，但其潜在机制尚不清楚。线粒体功能障碍和线粒体自噬缺陷越来越被认为是HFpEF的中心特征。血栓反应蛋白1 (Thbs1)，一种参与心血管重塑的基质细胞蛋白，尚未在此背景下进行探讨。在这里，我们发现Thbs1在HFpEF心肌中表达升高，Thbs1通过抑制线粒体自噬加重心功能障碍。在高脂饮食和L-NAME诱导的“双打击”HFpEF小鼠模型中，转录组学和蛋白质组学分析显示，aav9介导的Thbs1敲低改善了舒张功能，减少了纤维化和炎症，并减轻了PI3K/Akt/mTOR通路的激活。从机制上讲，Thbs1沉默恢复了心肌细胞的自噬通量，增强了线粒体清除，并保持了线粒体稳态。这些发现确定Thbs1是HFpEF中线粒体自噬的关键抑制因子，也是这种普遍疾病的潜在治疗靶点。

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引用次数: 0

AI empowerment: Establishing the synergy between artificial intelligence and electromagnetic shielding materials research 人工智能赋能：建立人工智能与电磁屏蔽材料研究的协同效应

IF 4.1 2区综合性期刊 Q1 MULTIDISCIPLINARY SCIENCES

iScience

Pub Date : 2026-01-07 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2026.114654

Shuaimin Zheng , Junting Lei , Peitao Xie , Duo Pan , Chuntai Liu , Changyu Shen

With the increasing intelligence of electronic information systems, urgent demand exists for high-performance customized electromagnetic shielding materials. However, traditional research and development paradigms are constrained by critical bottlenecks, like multi-parameter coupling, high trial-and-error costs, and multi-scale design hurdles, failing to satisfy efficient material development needs. Artificial intelligence (AI), leveraging its core advantages of data-driven approaches and algorithmic optimization, offers a transformative paradigm to overcome these bottlenecks. Although AI-driven methodologies have demonstrated tremendous potential in the design of electromagnetic shielding materials, systematic barriers from inadequate interdisciplinary collaboration still limit its technological empowerment. In response to these challenges, we highlight the following solutions to advance AI-enabled electromagnetic shielding material design: (1) developing neural network models driven by data-physics integration, (2) developing domain-specific large language models for electromagnetic shielding materials, (3) establishing comprehensive databases for electromagnetic shielding materials, and (4) promoting domain-specific data sharing and the construction of standardized protocols.

随着电子信息系统智能化程度的提高，对高性能定制电磁屏蔽材料的需求日益迫切。然而，传统的研发模式受到多参数耦合、高试错成本和多尺度设计障碍等关键瓶颈的制约，无法满足高效材料开发的需求。人工智能（AI）利用其数据驱动方法和算法优化的核心优势，为克服这些瓶颈提供了一种变革性范例。尽管人工智能驱动的方法在电磁屏蔽材料的设计中显示出巨大的潜力，但跨学科合作不足的系统性障碍仍然限制了其技术授权。针对这些挑战，我们强调了以下解决方案来推进人工智能电磁屏蔽材料的设计：(1)开发数据物理集成驱动的神经网络模型；(2)开发特定领域的电磁屏蔽材料大型语言模型；(3)建立电磁屏蔽材料综合数据库；(4)促进特定领域的数据共享和标准化协议的构建。

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引用次数: 0

Public support for mobile community microgrids: Socioeconomic, perceptual and outage experience determinants of energy resilience 公众对移动社区微电网的支持：能源弹性的社会经济、感知和停电经验决定因素

IF 4.1 2区综合性期刊 Q1 MULTIDISCIPLINARY SCIENCES

iScience

Pub Date : 2026-01-07 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2026.114637

Junkang Xu , Chien-fei Chen , Yu Wang

As climate-induced disasters increasingly compromise electric grid reliability, mobile community microgrids (MCMs) have emerged as a promising strategy to strengthen local energy resilience. This study examines the socioeconomic and perceptual determinants of public MCM acceptance using a nationally representative survey of 1,996 U.S. residents. Hierarchical regression results indicate that the desire for improved power reliability is the strongest predictor of acceptance, followed by expectations of faster disaster response and lower energy costs. Power outage experience is also a significant driver of support, with stronger effects among men and respondents who face frequent disruptions. Although political ideology appears influential in baseline models, its association attenuates after accounting for economic conditions. Preferences for deployment locations further diverge by outage experience: respondents with frequent outages prioritize residential and disadvantaged communities, whereas those with fewer disruptions place greater emphasis on critical infrastructure. These findings highlight the need for MCM deployment strategies that are responsive to heterogeneous community perceptions and place-based resilience priorities.

随着气候引发的灾害日益危及电网的可靠性，移动社区微电网（mcm）已成为加强当地能源弹性的一种有前景的战略。本研究通过对1996名美国居民的全国代表性调查，考察了公众接受MCM的社会经济和感知决定因素。层次回归结果表明，对提高电力可靠性的期望是接受度的最强预测因素，其次是对更快的灾难响应和更低的能源成本的期望。停电经历也是支持的重要因素，在男性和经常面临停电的受访者中影响更大。尽管政治意识形态在基线模型中似乎具有影响力，但在考虑了经济条件后，其相关性减弱了。对部署地点的偏好因停电经历而进一步分化：频繁停电的受访者优先考虑住宅和弱势社区，而中断较少的受访者则更重视关键基础设施。这些发现强调了MCM部署策略的必要性，这些策略应响应不同社区的看法和基于地点的弹性优先事项。

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引用次数: 0

Recognition of ecosystem functional optima allows early detection of eutrophication in coral reef lagoons using seagrass meadows as bioindicators 识别生态系统功能最优，可以利用海草草甸作为生物指标，早期发现珊瑚礁泻湖的富营养化

IF 4.1 2区综合性期刊 Q1 MULTIDISCIPLINARY SCIENCES

iScience

Pub Date : 2026-01-07 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2026.114653

Roberto Velázquez-Ochoa , Susana Enríquez

An analysis of the impact on seagrass ecosystems of the high nutrient levels recently reported for the Mexican Caribbean revealed major structural, floristic, and community transformations over 20 years, but no adverse effects; rather, photosynthesis stimulation and increases in biomass, leaf area, and species diversity. This finding contrasts with the declining global seagrass trend and the severe deterioration documented for adjacent coral reefs. Six meadow types and three community phase shifts were identified, from oligotrophic meadows to the establishment of an ecosystem optimum and the onset of moderate adverse alterations. Differences in the minimum light requirements and species plasticity for expanding the size of the photosynthetic light collector explained germane interactions among species and early community transformations in response to habitat fertilization. Understanding when ecosystem functional optima occur and community transformations beyond optimality initiate will enable early detection of habitat deterioration (here, eutrophication) and appropriate and timely conservation actions.

最近报道的墨西哥加勒比地区高营养水平对海草生态系统的影响分析表明，20年来，海草的结构、植物区系和群落发生了重大变化，但没有产生不利影响；相反，光合作用刺激和增加了生物量、叶面积和物种多样性。这一发现与全球海草数量下降的趋势以及记录在案的邻近珊瑚礁的严重恶化形成了对比。从贫营养草甸到生态系统最优的建立和中度不利变化的开始，共鉴定出6种草甸类型和3种群落相变。最小光需求的差异和扩大光合光收集器大小的物种可塑性解释了物种之间的密切相互作用和早期群落对栖息地施肥的反应。了解生态系统功能何时达到最佳状态，群落何时开始超越最佳状态的转变，将有助于及早发现栖息地恶化（这里是富营养化），并采取适当和及时的保护行动。

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引用次数: 0

Artificial intelligence for colposcopic and cytological image analysis in early cervical cancer detection 人工智能在阴道镜和细胞学图像分析中的早期宫颈癌检测

IF 4.1 2区综合性期刊 Q1 MULTIDISCIPLINARY SCIENCES

iScience

Pub Date : 2026-01-07 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2026.114627

Xiaodong Wang , Qianqian Wang , Gouping Ding , Junjie Wang , Yixuan Tang , Yeqian Feng

Artificial intelligence (AI) is reshaping cervical cancer screening by automating interpretation of cytology, colposcopic, and related imaging to improve early detection, especially in low- and middle-income countries. This review synthesizes advances in preprocessing; segmentation; representation learning; and supervised, semi-supervised, unsupervised, and transformer-based models, with emphasis on multimodal fusion with HPV testing, spectroscopy, and MRI. Across retrospective datasets and growing real-world deployments, AI systems can achieve high accuracy and sensitivity, accelerate workflows, reduce costs, and expand coverage via portable and edge-computing devices. However, translation is constrained by data bias, variable image quality, opaque decision-making, and fragmented regulation. We outline requirements for clinically robust and equitable deployment, including diverse multi-center datasets, federated and privacy-preserving learning, explainable interfaces, standardized validation with histopathologic endpoints, and clinician-in-the-loop workflows. Finally, we highlight future directions such as hybrid explainable AI with large language models, multi-omics integration, and adaptive models resilient to data drift.

人工智能（AI）正在通过自动解释细胞学、阴道镜检查和相关成像来重塑宫颈癌筛查，以改善早期发现，特别是在低收入和中等收入国家。本文综述了预处理方面的研究进展；分割;表示学习;以及监督、半监督、无监督和基于变压器的模型，重点是与HPV检测、光谱学和MRI的多模式融合。在回顾数据集和不断增长的现实世界部署中，人工智能系统可以通过便携式和边缘计算设备实现高精度和灵敏度，加速工作流程，降低成本并扩大覆盖范围。然而，翻译受到数据偏差、图像质量可变、决策不透明和监管分散等因素的制约。我们概述了临床健壮和公平部署的要求，包括不同的多中心数据集、联合和隐私保护学习、可解释的接口、组织病理学终点的标准化验证以及临床医生在循环工作流程。最后，我们强调了未来的方向，如混合可解释的人工智能与大型语言模型，多组学集成，以及适应数据漂移的自适应模型。

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引用次数: 0

Environmental insights from non-target detections in urban eDNA metabarcoding 城市eDNA元条形码中非目标检测的环境洞察

IF 4.1 2区综合性期刊 Q1 MULTIDISCIPLINARY SCIENCES

iScience

Pub Date : 2026-01-07 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2026.114632

Yujin Kang , Youngkeun Song

Metabarcoding amplifies environmental DNA (eDNA) but often yields non-target taxa and false positives. Urban ecosystems are particularly prone to such detections due to inflows of external genetic material, yet their interpretation in urban eDNA studies remains unclear. This study examined non-target occurrences from fish-targeted metabarcoding in inland urban freshwater systems and proposes a perspective on interpreting such detections as ecologically meaningful signals rather than analytical noise. From 32 samples, 27.8% of total reads were non-targets, including 30 species from 21 families of non-target taxa and 35 species from 20 families of marine fish. Non-target taxa were most common in rivers, whereas marine fish appeared near wastewater facilities, reflecting human-derived inputs. These findings highlight that unexpected eDNA detections may reveal overlooked ecological and anthropogenic signals, offering insights for more reliable biodiversity assessment and management in urban ecosystems.

元条形码扩增环境DNA (eDNA)，但经常产生非目标分类群和假阳性。由于外部遗传物质的流入，城市生态系统特别容易发生这种检测，但它们在城市eDNA研究中的解释仍不清楚。本研究调查了内陆城市淡水系统中鱼类目标元条形码的非目标事件，并提出了将此类检测解释为有生态意义的信号而不是分析噪声的观点。在32份样本中，非靶标类占27.8%，其中非靶标分类群21科30种，海鱼20科35种。非目标分类群在河流中最常见，而海洋鱼类出现在污水设施附近，反映了人类来源的投入。这些发现强调，意想不到的eDNA检测可能揭示被忽视的生态和人为信号，为更可靠的城市生态系统生物多样性评估和管理提供见解。

引用次数: 0

Wavelength-tunable high-Q circular dichroism based on the hybrid chiral phase-change metasurface 基于混合手性相变超表面的波长可调高q圆二色性

IF 4.1 2区综合性期刊 Q1 MULTIDISCIPLINARY SCIENCES

iScience

Pub Date : 2026-01-07 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2026.114631

Xin Zhou , Yu-Jie Zhang , Dong-Qin Zhang , Bin Fang , Gui-Ming Pan , Zhi Hong , Zhong-Wei Jin , Fang-Zhou Shu

Chiral metasurfaces have experienced significant advancements over the past decade in enhancing chiral light-matter interactions. However, the functions of most chiral metasurfaces remain static post fabrication. Here, we present a wavelength-tunable high-quality (Q) circular dichroism (CD) by integrating a chiral metasurface with the phase-change material Ge₂Sb₂Te₅ (GST). The hybrid chiral metasurface exhibits a pronounced CD response when GST is in its amorphous state, with the operating wavelength being modulated as GST transitions to its crystalline state. The metasurface can support a bound state in the continuum (BIC) under conditions where the structure exhibits both in-plane mirror and inversion symmetries. By adjusting the geometric parameter to simultaneously break the in-plane mirror and inversion symmetries, the BIC is turned into a chiral quasi-BIC characterized by a high-Q factor in the CD spectrum. Furthermore, the wavelength of the chiral quasi-BIC can be dynamically tuned through the GST phase transition. This wavelength-tunable high-Q hybrid chiral metasurface holds potential applications in chiral sensing, active circular polarizers, and tunable nonlinear enhancement.

在过去的十年中，手性超表面在增强手性光-物质相互作用方面取得了重大进展。然而，大多数手性超表面的功能在制造后仍然是静态的。在这里，我们通过将手性超表面与相变材料Ge2Sb2Te5 （GST）集成，提出了波长可调谐的高质量(Q)圆二色性（CD）。当GST处于非晶态时，杂化手性超表面表现出明显的CD响应，当GST转变为晶态时，工作波长被调制。超表面在具有面内反射对称性和反转对称性的条件下，可以支持连续介质中的束缚态。通过调整几何参数，同时打破面内反射对称性和反转对称性，将BIC转变为具有高q因子的手性准BIC。此外，手性准bic的波长可以通过GST相变进行动态调谐。这种波长可调的高q混合手性超表面在手性传感、有源圆偏振器和可调非线性增强方面具有潜在的应用前景。

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引用次数: 0