Pub Date : 2026-01-07eCollection Date: 2026-01-16DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2025.114452
Bryce Murray, Laura MacLatchy, Lauren Sarringhaus
Adolescence is generally considered the life stage with peak risk-taking among humans, though this may be specific to the type of risk. To circumvent the safety constraints that limit experiments of physical risk-taking in humans, we used the natural behavior of wild chimpanzees as a model. All chimpanzees must navigate the same arboreal substrates where falls from the tree canopy are a major cause of trauma, and therefore have clear fitness consequences. Using instances of locomotor free flight as a proxy, we found that height from the ground and sex did not predict physical risk-taking. The latter finding is similar to human and chimpanzee economic risk-taking studies. We found that physical risk-taking correlated with age, peaking in infancy and decreasing gradually thereafter through juvenility and adolescence. We hypothesize that a similar pattern would be exhibited in humans if oversight were relaxed earlier in childhood, as it is among chimpanzees.
{"title":"Chimpanzee locomotor risk-taking points to the importance of parental and alloparental supervision in humans.","authors":"Bryce Murray, Laura MacLatchy, Lauren Sarringhaus","doi":"10.1016/j.isci.2025.114452","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.isci.2025.114452","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Adolescence is generally considered the life stage with peak risk-taking among humans, though this may be specific to the type of risk. To circumvent the safety constraints that limit experiments of physical risk-taking in humans, we used the natural behavior of wild chimpanzees as a model. All chimpanzees must navigate the same arboreal substrates where falls from the tree canopy are a major cause of trauma, and therefore have clear fitness consequences. Using instances of locomotor free flight as a proxy, we found that height from the ground and sex did not predict physical risk-taking. The latter finding is similar to human and chimpanzee economic risk-taking studies. We found that physical risk-taking correlated with age, peaking in infancy and decreasing gradually thereafter through juvenility and adolescence. We hypothesize that a similar pattern would be exhibited in humans if oversight were relaxed earlier in childhood, as it is among chimpanzees.</p>","PeriodicalId":342,"journal":{"name":"iScience","volume":"29 1","pages":"114452"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2026-01-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12834104/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146058408","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-07DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2026.114630
Fransky Hantelys , Wenfeng Yin , Ming Hui Zou
The thioredoxin-interacting protein (TXNIP) pathway is a central regulator of oxidative stress and contributes to vascular pathology. Here, we define how stress-responsive mRNA methylation controls TXNIP expression and drives abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA). In angiotensin II (AngII)-infused ApoE−/− mice, TXNIP was markedly elevated in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs), as confirmed by histological, protein, and transcript analyses. VSMC-specific TXNIP deletion (ApoE−/−TXNIPSM−/−) significantly reduced AAA incidence, aortic remodeling, and elastic fiber degradation, establishing its essential role in disease progression. Mechanistic studies revealed that elevated m6A methylation, catalyzed by METTL3, promoted TXNIP translation via YTHDF1 binding to m6A sites within the 3′ untranslated region (UTR), whereas YTHDF2 downregulation in AAA stabilized TXNIP transcripts. TXNIP translation also proceeded through a cap-independent process enhanced by mTOR inhibition. These findings identify an integrated m6A-dependent regulatory program governing TXNIP expression and highlight therapeutic opportunities for targeting AAA progression.
{"title":"N6-methyladenosine (m6A) modification of TXNIP in 3′UTR instigates abdominal aorta aneurysm in mice","authors":"Fransky Hantelys , Wenfeng Yin , Ming Hui Zou","doi":"10.1016/j.isci.2026.114630","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.isci.2026.114630","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The thioredoxin-interacting protein (TXNIP) pathway is a central regulator of oxidative stress and contributes to vascular pathology. Here, we define how stress-responsive mRNA methylation controls TXNIP expression and drives abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA). In angiotensin II (AngII)-infused <em>ApoE</em><sup>−/−</sup> mice, TXNIP was markedly elevated in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs), as confirmed by histological, protein, and transcript analyses. VSMC-specific TXNIP deletion (<em>ApoE</em><sup>−/−</sup> <em>TXNIP</em><sup><em>SM−/−</em></sup>) significantly reduced AAA incidence, aortic remodeling, and elastic fiber degradation, establishing its essential role in disease progression. Mechanistic studies revealed that elevated m<sup>6</sup>A methylation, catalyzed by METTL3, promoted TXNIP translation via YTHDF1 binding to m<sup>6</sup>A sites within the 3′ untranslated region (UTR), whereas YTHDF2 downregulation in AAA stabilized TXNIP transcripts. TXNIP translation also proceeded through a cap-independent process enhanced by mTOR inhibition. These findings identify an integrated m<sup>6</sup>A-dependent regulatory program governing TXNIP expression and highlight therapeutic opportunities for targeting AAA progression.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":342,"journal":{"name":"iScience","volume":"29 2","pages":"Article 114630"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2026-01-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146035789","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-07DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2025.114569
Soyoung Jung , Xiao Qin , Sooyeon Lim
This study aimed to develop a methodology to strengthen coordination between ground ambulances and helicopter emergency medical services (EMS) for rapid patient transport. Using data on helicopter EMS infrastructure, crash locations, and prehospital EMS times, safety assessments and geographic information system (GIS)-based network analyses were conducted to identify service gaps and prioritize infrastructure expansion. Results showed that EMS stations and heliports near high-fatality crash locations were insufficient to meet prehospital EMS time thresholds. To address this, a three-dimensional virtual space platform combining GIS-based spatial modeling with real-time visualization was developed for training ground and air ambulance operators. This platform realistically simulates patient transport scenarios, enhancing decision-making, and collaboration. The findings provide a data-driven framework for optimizing helicopter EMS infrastructure and developing practical training tools, offering policymakers quantitative evidence to improve EMS accessibility and promote effective strategies for timely patient transport.
{"title":"Improving EMS access: Strategic helicopter infrastructure and 3D virtual training for enhanced ground-air ambulance coordination","authors":"Soyoung Jung , Xiao Qin , Sooyeon Lim","doi":"10.1016/j.isci.2025.114569","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.isci.2025.114569","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study aimed to develop a methodology to strengthen coordination between ground ambulances and helicopter emergency medical services (EMS) for rapid patient transport. Using data on helicopter EMS infrastructure, crash locations, and prehospital EMS times, safety assessments and geographic information system (GIS)-based network analyses were conducted to identify service gaps and prioritize infrastructure expansion. Results showed that EMS stations and heliports near high-fatality crash locations were insufficient to meet prehospital EMS time thresholds. To address this, a three-dimensional virtual space platform combining GIS-based spatial modeling with real-time visualization was developed for training ground and air ambulance operators. This platform realistically simulates patient transport scenarios, enhancing decision-making, and collaboration. The findings provide a data-driven framework for optimizing helicopter EMS infrastructure and developing practical training tools, offering policymakers quantitative evidence to improve EMS accessibility and promote effective strategies for timely patient transport.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":342,"journal":{"name":"iScience","volume":"29 2","pages":"Article 114569"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2026-01-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146035791","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-06DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2026.114629
Dongping Zhou , Steve Pye , Brunilde Verrier , Paul Dodds
The accelerating energy transition, driven by decarbonization goals and energy security concerns, is intensifying global lithium demand. However, few studies assess whether supply can meet this demand under uncertainty. This study examines long-term lithium availability by constructing a global bottom-up deposit database and generating a cumulative availability curve (CAC). A six-step methodology combining Monte Carlo and depletion curve analyses estimates 35.5 Mt of lithium, with costs from 1,194 to 31,590 USD/t LCE (2023). Current supply is dominated by low-cost Australian ore, while future production may depend more on brine. Comparison with IEA demand scenarios indicates that conservative assumptions could lead to shortfalls, whereas meeting ambitious climate goals may entail higher costs. Sensitivity analysis shows that physical and technical uncertainties exert the greatest influence. These findings underscore the need for timely investment in deposits and recycling infrastructure.
{"title":"The implications of uncertainties on global lithium resources availability estimations","authors":"Dongping Zhou , Steve Pye , Brunilde Verrier , Paul Dodds","doi":"10.1016/j.isci.2026.114629","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.isci.2026.114629","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The accelerating energy transition, driven by decarbonization goals and energy security concerns, is intensifying global lithium demand. However, few studies assess whether supply can meet this demand under uncertainty. This study examines long-term lithium availability by constructing a global bottom-up deposit database and generating a cumulative availability curve (CAC). A six-step methodology combining Monte Carlo and depletion curve analyses estimates 35.5 Mt of lithium, with costs from 1,194 to 31,590 USD/t LCE (2023). Current supply is dominated by low-cost Australian ore, while future production may depend more on brine. Comparison with IEA demand scenarios indicates that conservative assumptions could lead to shortfalls, whereas meeting ambitious climate goals may entail higher costs. Sensitivity analysis shows that physical and technical uncertainties exert the greatest influence. These findings underscore the need for timely investment in deposits and recycling infrastructure.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":342,"journal":{"name":"iScience","volume":"29 2","pages":"Article 114629"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2026-01-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146035797","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-06DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2025.114597
Martin Barainka , Angelina Zheleva , Angela Pérez-Cervera , Helena Villanueva , Daniel Meraviglia-Crivelli , Beatriz Moreno , Fernando Pastor
Nonsense-mediated mRNA decay (NMD) is an RNA quality control pathway that degrades transcripts containing premature termination codons (PTCs). While the role of NMD in modulating tumor antigenicity and immune evasion is increasingly appreciated, its interaction with splicing remains poorly understood. We uncover a mechanism by which the splicing modulators enhance tumor immunogenicity not only by inducing aberrant splicing events that generate neoantigens but also by suppressing NMD activity through the downregulation of SMG1. This stabilizes PTC-containing transcripts, potentially expanding the pool of neoantigens. Furthermore, we demonstrate that splicing modulation exerts enhanced cytotoxic effects in microsatellite instability (MSI) tumors, which are particularly reliant on NMD for survival. Expression analysis in patient tumors reveals correlations between SMG1 and drug-targeted splicing regulators, supporting a functional link between splicing and NMD. Together, our findings identify splicing modulators as inadvertent NMD inhibitors that simultaneously boost tumor antigenicity and can be used to selectively target NMD-addicted tumors.
{"title":"Pharmacological perturbation of splicing elicits SMG1 reduction: Implications for cancer therapy","authors":"Martin Barainka , Angelina Zheleva , Angela Pérez-Cervera , Helena Villanueva , Daniel Meraviglia-Crivelli , Beatriz Moreno , Fernando Pastor","doi":"10.1016/j.isci.2025.114597","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.isci.2025.114597","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Nonsense-mediated mRNA decay (NMD) is an RNA quality control pathway that degrades transcripts containing premature termination codons (PTCs). While the role of NMD in modulating tumor antigenicity and immune evasion is increasingly appreciated, its interaction with splicing remains poorly understood. We uncover a mechanism by which the splicing modulators enhance tumor immunogenicity not only by inducing aberrant splicing events that generate neoantigens but also by suppressing NMD activity through the downregulation of SMG1. This stabilizes PTC-containing transcripts, potentially expanding the pool of neoantigens. Furthermore, we demonstrate that splicing modulation exerts enhanced cytotoxic effects in microsatellite instability (MSI) tumors, which are particularly reliant on NMD for survival. Expression analysis in patient tumors reveals correlations between SMG1 and drug-targeted splicing regulators, supporting a functional link between splicing and NMD. Together, our findings identify splicing modulators as inadvertent NMD inhibitors that simultaneously boost tumor antigenicity and can be used to selectively target NMD-addicted tumors.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":342,"journal":{"name":"iScience","volume":"29 2","pages":"Article 114597"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2026-01-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146035801","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Friedreich ataxia is caused by partial frataxin deficiency due to genetic mutations. It is well established that frataxin knockout affects iron homeostasis, but the alterations caused by pathological (partial) frataxin deficiency are poorly understood. In this study, we have analyzed iron homeostasis in a mouse model presenting pathological frataxin deficiency (FXNI151F). Our results reveal tissue-specific alterations of iron regulatory proteins (IRPs). In the heart, IRP2 accumulation is observed, likely triggered by iron-sulfur deficiency, while IRP1 is decreased in the cerebellum and liver. We also found elevated iron levels in mutant mice. Accumulation was particularly pronounced in the cerebellum, where increases were already evident at 10 weeks. Hepatic accumulation was not manifested until 21 weeks and was more pronounced in females. Overall, these findings indicate that frataxin deficiency disrupts iron homeostasis in a tissue-, age-, and sex-dependent manner, and provide novel insights into the mechanisms causing these perturbations.
{"title":"Pathological frataxin deficiency in mice causes tissue-specific alterations in iron homeostasis","authors":"Maria Pazos-Gil , Marta Medina-Carbonero , Arabela Sanz-Alcázar , Marta Portillo-Carrasquer , Luiza Oliveira-Jorge , Gonzalo Hernández , Mayka Sánchez , Fabien Delaspre , Elisa Cabiscol , Joaquim Ros , Jordi Tamarit","doi":"10.1016/j.isci.2025.114625","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.isci.2025.114625","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Friedreich ataxia is caused by partial frataxin deficiency due to genetic mutations. It is well established that frataxin knockout affects iron homeostasis, but the alterations caused by pathological (partial) frataxin deficiency are poorly understood. In this study, we have analyzed iron homeostasis in a mouse model presenting pathological frataxin deficiency (FXNI151F). Our results reveal tissue-specific alterations of iron regulatory proteins (IRPs). In the heart, IRP2 accumulation is observed, likely triggered by iron-sulfur deficiency, while IRP1 is decreased in the cerebellum and liver. We also found elevated iron levels in mutant mice. Accumulation was particularly pronounced in the cerebellum, where increases were already evident at 10 weeks. Hepatic accumulation was not manifested until 21 weeks and was more pronounced in females. Overall, these findings indicate that frataxin deficiency disrupts iron homeostasis in a tissue-, age-, and sex-dependent manner, and provide novel insights into the mechanisms causing these perturbations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":342,"journal":{"name":"iScience","volume":"29 2","pages":"Article 114625"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2026-01-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146035865","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-05DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2025.114617
Yasaman Nemati , Ming Cheng , Zixuan Deng , Yanjun Liu , Arri Priimagi , Hao Zeng
Undulatory movement is widely observed in the animal kingdom, from snakes and earthworms to microorganisms. Mimicking such deformation is important in soft robotics in terms of locomotion control and navigation efficiency. However, realizing such motion at miniature scales in fluid environments remains difficult for soft actuators. Here, we present light-controlled undulatory motion inspired by C. elegans, realized in a millimeter-scale liquid crystal elastomer (LCE) fiber actuator under water. We use the sequential excitation of four laser beams to generate bimorphic actuation between two segments of the LCE, with a 45-degree phase delay between two consequent deformation phases. The actuator demonstrates stable figure-eight-like trajectories and directional steering through laser power modulation. Furthermore, the actuation performance scales with fiber length, providing amplitude tuning and demonstrating programmable control of locomotion.
{"title":"C. elegans-inspired undulatory motion in a light-driven liquid crystal elastomer fiber","authors":"Yasaman Nemati , Ming Cheng , Zixuan Deng , Yanjun Liu , Arri Priimagi , Hao Zeng","doi":"10.1016/j.isci.2025.114617","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.isci.2025.114617","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Undulatory movement is widely observed in the animal kingdom, from snakes and earthworms to microorganisms. Mimicking such deformation is important in soft robotics in terms of locomotion control and navigation efficiency. However, realizing such motion at miniature scales in fluid environments remains difficult for soft actuators. Here, we present light-controlled undulatory motion inspired by <em>C. elegans</em>, realized in a millimeter-scale liquid crystal elastomer (LCE) fiber actuator under water. We use the sequential excitation of four laser beams to generate bimorphic actuation between two segments of the LCE, with a 45-degree phase delay between two consequent deformation phases. The actuator demonstrates stable figure-eight-like trajectories and directional steering through laser power modulation. Furthermore, the actuation performance scales with fiber length, providing amplitude tuning and demonstrating programmable control of locomotion.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":342,"journal":{"name":"iScience","volume":"29 2","pages":"Article 114617"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2026-01-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146035867","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-05DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2025.114605
Sazzadul Islam , Rezaul Haque , Mahbub Alam Khan , Arafath Bin Mohiuddin , Md Ismail Hossain Siddiqui , Zishad Hossain Limon , Katura Gania Khushbu , S M Masfequier Rahman Swapno , Md. Redwan Ahmed , Abhishek Appaji Ph.D.
This study presents an ensemble transformer framework for detecting depression-related emotions and classifying their severity in social media text. It addresses the need for scalable and trustworthy AI solutions in mental health by integrating four transformer models. The DepTformer-XAI-SV model uses a weighted soft-voting mechanism based on validation macro-F1 scores to improve accuracy and incorporates LIME to highlight key linguistic features associated with depression. The framework is evaluated on two benchmark datasets: DepressionEmo, with eight emotion classes, and the merged depression severity detection (MDSD), with four severity levels, both sourced from social media. To address class imbalance, we use class-weighted cross-entropy, stratified k-fold splits, and minority-aware sampling. Results show that the model surpasses individual transformer models and traditional methods, achieving macro-F1 scores of 80.44% for DepressionEmo and 79.88% for MDSD, significantly improving minority class detection. Lastly, a web application has been developed for interactive and interpretable inference.
{"title":"Ensemble transformer with post-hoc explanations for depression emotion and severity detection","authors":"Sazzadul Islam , Rezaul Haque , Mahbub Alam Khan , Arafath Bin Mohiuddin , Md Ismail Hossain Siddiqui , Zishad Hossain Limon , Katura Gania Khushbu , S M Masfequier Rahman Swapno , Md. Redwan Ahmed , Abhishek Appaji Ph.D.","doi":"10.1016/j.isci.2025.114605","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.isci.2025.114605","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study presents an ensemble transformer framework for detecting depression-related emotions and classifying their severity in social media text. It addresses the need for scalable and trustworthy AI solutions in mental health by integrating four transformer models. The DepTformer-XAI-SV model uses a weighted soft-voting mechanism based on validation macro-F1 scores to improve accuracy and incorporates LIME to highlight key linguistic features associated with depression. The framework is evaluated on two benchmark datasets: DepressionEmo, with eight emotion classes, and the merged depression severity detection (MDSD), with four severity levels, both sourced from social media. To address class imbalance, we use class-weighted cross-entropy, stratified k-fold splits, and minority-aware sampling. Results show that the model surpasses individual transformer models and traditional methods, achieving macro-F1 scores of 80.44% for DepressionEmo and 79.88% for MDSD, significantly improving minority class detection. Lastly, a web application has been developed for interactive and interpretable inference.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":342,"journal":{"name":"iScience","volume":"29 2","pages":"Article 114605"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2026-01-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146035872","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-03DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2025.114611
Leo Dahl , Annika Bendes , María Bueno Álvez , Vincent Albrecht , Hooman Aghelpasand , Sophia Björkander , Simon Kebede Merid , Anja Mezger , Max Käller , Claudia Fredolini , Åsa Torinsson Naluai , Olof Beck , Erik Melén , Stefan Bauer , Magnus Gisslén , Niclas Roxhed , Jochen M. Schwenk
Blood proteins have provided essential insights into how humans responded to the recent pandemic. To expand our understanding beyond patients seeking medical care, we conducted a citizen-centric survey with 2,000 random residents (age: 18–69 years) from Sweden’s two largest cities in 2021. With self-sampled dried blood spots (DBS) and health information from 437 (22%) volunteers, we performed multi-analyte COVID-19 serology, measured autoantibodies (AAbs) against 22 interferons, and quantified 502 circulating low-abundant immune-related blood proteins. Antibody assays confirmed self-reported infections (26%) and vaccinations (40%), showed timing-dependent discrepancies in the immune response, and revealed anti-type I interferon AAbs co-occurring frequently alongside natural infections. Proteomics data added plausible mechanistic insights into cell-mediated processes: data-driven analyses revealed 24% of participants presented deviating immune phenotypes linked to infections, immunity, respiratory effects, and age. Multi-molecular DBS analysis of random layperson samples captured the broader spectrum of immune system states, adding relevant insights for clinical and public health investigations.
{"title":"Exploration of immune phenotypes in self-sampling citizens","authors":"Leo Dahl , Annika Bendes , María Bueno Álvez , Vincent Albrecht , Hooman Aghelpasand , Sophia Björkander , Simon Kebede Merid , Anja Mezger , Max Käller , Claudia Fredolini , Åsa Torinsson Naluai , Olof Beck , Erik Melén , Stefan Bauer , Magnus Gisslén , Niclas Roxhed , Jochen M. Schwenk","doi":"10.1016/j.isci.2025.114611","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.isci.2025.114611","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Blood proteins have provided essential insights into how humans responded to the recent pandemic. To expand our understanding beyond patients seeking medical care, we conducted a citizen-centric survey with 2,000 random residents (age: 18–69 years) from Sweden’s two largest cities in 2021. With self-sampled dried blood spots (DBS) and health information from 437 (22%) volunteers, we performed multi-analyte COVID-19 serology, measured autoantibodies (AAbs) against 22 interferons, and quantified 502 circulating low-abundant immune-related blood proteins. Antibody assays confirmed self-reported infections (26%) and vaccinations (40%), showed timing-dependent discrepancies in the immune response, and revealed anti-type I interferon AAbs co-occurring frequently alongside natural infections. Proteomics data added plausible mechanistic insights into cell-mediated processes: data-driven analyses revealed 24% of participants presented deviating immune phenotypes linked to infections, immunity, respiratory effects, and age. Multi-molecular DBS analysis of random layperson samples captured the broader spectrum of immune system states, adding relevant insights for clinical and public health investigations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":342,"journal":{"name":"iScience","volume":"29 2","pages":"Article 114611"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2026-01-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146035868","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-03DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2025.114573
Qian Bai , Zhiyi Sun , Liping Wang , Huishan Shang , Wenxing Chen
C2N is an emerging two-dimensional graphene-like carbon nitride material that is distinguished by its high specific surface area, uniformly distributed N6 cavities, excellent chemical stability, and tunable electronic structures. These properties make it an ideal support for atomically dispersed catalysts (SACs, DACs, and clusters), enabling precise control of coordination, electronic properties, and reactivity. This review systematically summarizes the main types of C2N-supported catalysts, which achieve maximal atomic utilization and tunable active sites, delivering outstanding performance in the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR), oxygen evolution reaction (OER), hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), and carbon dioxide reduction reaction (CO2RR). It also outlines synthesis strategies, recent progress, and challenges regarding stability, scalability, and long-term performance. Overall, this review provides a comprehensive overview of C2N-based atomically dispersed catalysts, highlighting their promise and challenges for future energy and environmental applications.
{"title":"Rational design of C2N based atomically dispersed catalysts for energy conversion applications","authors":"Qian Bai , Zhiyi Sun , Liping Wang , Huishan Shang , Wenxing Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.isci.2025.114573","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.isci.2025.114573","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>C<sub>2</sub>N is an emerging two-dimensional graphene-like carbon nitride material that is distinguished by its high specific surface area, uniformly distributed N<sub>6</sub> cavities, excellent chemical stability, and tunable electronic structures. These properties make it an ideal support for atomically dispersed catalysts (SACs, DACs, and clusters), enabling precise control of coordination, electronic properties, and reactivity. This review systematically summarizes the main types of C<sub>2</sub>N-supported catalysts, which achieve maximal atomic utilization and tunable active sites, delivering outstanding performance in the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR), oxygen evolution reaction (OER), hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), and carbon dioxide reduction reaction (CO<sub>2</sub>RR). It also outlines synthesis strategies, recent progress, and challenges regarding stability, scalability, and long-term performance. Overall, this review provides a comprehensive overview of C<sub>2</sub>N-based atomically dispersed catalysts, highlighting their promise and challenges for future energy and environmental applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":342,"journal":{"name":"iScience","volume":"29 2","pages":"Article 114573"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2026-01-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146035711","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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