Applied Surface Science Advances最新文献

Continuous exposure to nanoparticles (NPs) poses potential hazards to human health and animal life, necessitating thorough monitoring and investigation of environmental contaminants to mitigate their adverse effects. Therefore, this study investigates the histopathological alterations, serum biochemistry, oxidative stress biomarkers, and genotoxicity endpoints induced by crystalline silica (C-SiO₂) NPs, sliver-silica (Ag-SiO₂) and zinc-oxide silica (ZnO-SiO₂) NPs in Rattus Norvegicus. Twenty-five rats were blindly distributed into groups (A, B, C, & D), with B, C, and D administered 500 µg/kg of ZnO-SiO₂, Ag-SiO₂, and C-SiO₂ NPs intravenously (IV), while A served as the control. Severe histopathological alterations, including widening of urinary spaces, edema, necrosis of neurons, atrophy of neurons, myofibrillolysis, inflammatory exudate, disorganization of splenic cells, and pyknotic nuclei, were observed in C-SiO₂ NPs-exposed rats across study organs. Compared to controls, C-SiO₂ NPs significantly altered 95 % of serological, DNA damage, histopathological, and oxidative stress parameters. Ag-SiO₂ and ZnO-SiO₂ NPs affected 75 % and 60 % of these parameters, respectively. Among the NPs, C-SiO₂ exhibited the most adverse effects. The study concludes that SiO₂ coating on metal (Ag) and metal oxide (ZnO) rendered these substances biocompatible, suggesting potential applications for reducing adverse effects in living organisms. These findings also contribute to the genotoxic profiling of NPs and their potential health hazards upon exposure to humans.

Rapid growth in socio-economic requirements and climatic change has put much pressure on the quality of water resources. To prevent the future shortage of fresh water and to keep up with the current demand for water, wastewater reuse, and recycling are among the most pressing issues that must be addressed immediately. So far, many technologies have been used to remove both inorganic and organic pollutants from wastewater. Unfortunately, modern water treatment technologies are still out of reach financially for many developing nations, making it difficult for them to eliminate these toxins. Moreover, increasing environmental toxicity from solid waste exposures is also a major cause of worry. Intending to combat these issues, research efforts have increased to develop an efficient, eco-friendly and low cost biosorbent from agricultural waste to treat wastewater. As a result, there has been an increased focus on identifying locally and regionally accessible agriculture wastes for the removal of heavy metals/metalloids and dyes. This article aims to review a multidisciplinary approach to handle agriculture waste as a potential resource for wastewater treatment. A comprehensive discussion is included on the fundamentals of the biosorption and the involved mechanism. The strategies to improve the efficiency of biosorbents are discussed. In addition, current developments in various biosorbents derived from different agricultural waste and their application to remove toxic elements using diverse methods have been reviewed to set the stage for further investigation. Finally, regeneration of biosorbents and current challenges to implement biosorbents are addressed. This article will help to bridge the gap between laboratory findings and industrial application, leading to the development of more efficient systems for removing pollutants.

Pesticides usage has tremendously increased to enhance crop production; however some pesticides are toxic and harmful to human health and the environment. This review discusses the eco-toxicological impacts of pesticides on the environment. This study extensively evaluates various sustainable remediation technologies such as advanced oxidation processes (AOPs), electrochemical processes, membrane separation, and adsorbent types (carbon nanotubes, carbon nanofiber, carbon aerogel, graphene oxide, carbon dot, biochar, biosorbents, polymers, metal-organic framework, and nanocomposite) that are used for removal of toxic pesticides from aqueous bodies. Further, various equilibrium isotherm and kinetic models that are used for understanding the mechanisms along with challenges in the techniques are discussed. From the studies, it is observed that the nanocomposites could degrade and remove pesticides efficiently due to their unique properties, making them promising adsorbents for water and wastewater remediation. This review will be an inclusive paper for readers to easily define research gaps and develop novel treatment methods for removing pesticide-contaminated waters.

TiO₂ oxide coatings incorporated ZrO₂ nanoparticles were prepared on Cp-Ti using the plasma electrolytic oxidation (PEO) process in electrolyte solutions containing dispersed ZrO₂ nanoparticles. The coatings’ microstructure, roughness, and composition were characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), roughness profilometry, and X-ray diffractometry (XRD) analyses, respectively. The coatings’ friction and wear characteristics were examined using a ball-on-disk sliding test in a simulated body fluid (SBF) electrolyte. The as-prepared oxide coatings had a rough and porous surface structure, primarily consisting of rutile and/or anatase TiO₂, tetragonal ZrO₂, and ZrTiO₄. ZrO₂ nanoparticles were incorporated into the TiO₂ coating layers and were found on the surface or in the pores. The wear and friction behavior of the oxide coatings were influenced by the quantity of ZrO₂ nanoparticles (1 g/L, 3 g/L, and 5 g/L) in the electrolyte solution. The wear resistance of coatings improved by decreasing the wear rate by about 8 % (from 2.31 × 10⁻⁶ mm³/Nm to 2.11 × 10⁻⁶ mm³/Nm) when the ZrO₂ nanoparticles concentration in the electrolyte solution rose from 1 g/L to 5 g/L, because of the formation of more of harder ZrO₂ and ZrTiO₄ phases in the coatings.

The use of titanium alloy-based dental implant restorations has gained popularity due to their attractive properties. Current research on the surface modification of titanium materials primarily centers around the surface integration of various metal ions, the incorporation of different drugs, or other materials. By simply adjusting the process parameters of micro-arc oxidation, we were able to form a “groove” structure in titanium chips. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) observations revealed that Bone Marrow Stem Cells (BMSCs) noticeably elongated along the “grooves”. Immunofluorescence results indicated an elevated expression of Osteocalcin (OCN) and CD31 in “groove” structure group. Furthermore, “groove” structure group also amplified the expression of osteogenic genes (Alkaline Phosphatase, ALP; Osteocalcin, OCN) and angiogenic genes (CD31, Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor, VEGF; Angiopoietin-2, ANG2; and Fibroblast Growth Factor, FGF) on the material surface (P < 0.05). This study suggests that the “groove” structure enhances early cell adhesion on the material surface and improves osteogenic and angiogenic differentiation on the titanium surface, thereby providing potential research implications for enhancing the initial stability of implants.

Extensive research for the advancement of electrode materials with high efficiency and potential for supercapacitors (SCs) has shed light on the role of conjugated polymers (CPs). The outstanding properties of CPs, including controllable electrical conductivity, synthesis feasibility, affordability, substantial porosity, and eco-friendliness, bring them to the forefront of pseudocapacitive electrode materials. This review aims to explore the progress of CPs through their integration with Metal-Organic Frameworks (MOFs). The synergistic effect between CPs and MOFs has garnered significant attention from researchers owing to their special attributes, such as enhanced conductivity, superior cycle stability, improved energy/ power density, mechanical robustness, and large surface area. This review provides valuable insights into the advantages and the latest research endeavors conducted through the integration of CPs and MOFs. The main objective of this survey is to offer a comprehensive discussion of how the incorporation of MOFs can greatly enhance the performance of CPs by effectively mitigating their limitations. Furthermore, the existing challenges and prospective solutions of hybrid CP@MOF materials have been highlighted. By summarizing the cutting-edge developments and emphasizing the scope for innovation, this review paper seeks to inspire further research on CP@MOF composites and provides a pathway toward the commercialization of supercapacitor devices.

Lignocellulosic wastes are the most promising feedstock, as they are the most inexpensive and abundantly renewable natural resource. The abundance of cellulose, lignin, and hemicellulose in feedstocks has been shown to be effective in eliminating persistent contaminants. Environmental issues, including the accumulation of agricultural waste, waste water treatment, and air pollution, could be resolved by producing value-added products like activated carbon from these wastes. Several biomass wastes were used to produce activated carbon using a two-step processing method that involved oxygen-free carbonisation and activation. This study examines the methods for making biochar from different lignocellulosic biomass sources. Furthermore, biochar modification significantly modifies surface area and pore volume. To determine the fundamental characteristics of biochar and to evaluate its potential for use in a variety of environmental applications, physical and chemical characterizations are required. Various widely used modern analytical techniques, such as scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR), Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET), and Raman spectroscopy, have been reviewed in this work. The potential mechanisms through which lignocellulosic biochars may absorb pollutants are outlined. In general, this review highlights the significance and potential of activated carbon formed from waste products for environmental remediation, demonstrating that biomass-originated activated carbon could have a significant impact on increasing economic viability and efficiently protecting the environment.

The contamination of water by heavy metals from various industrial effluents is a significant factor contributing to the scarcity of clean water worldwide. To address this issue, there is a need to develop low-cost adsorbents to remove heavy metals from contaminated water reduced graphene oxide (rGO) based composites are efficient adsorbers of heavy metals. In this study, a green and rapid single-step heating process was utilized to prepare both rGO and rGO/ZnO composite materials, avoiding the use of any toxic reagents. The rGO/ZnO composite synthesized from sucrose and zinc acetate demonstrates a remarkable ability to adsorb hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI)). The Cr adsorption studies were carried out by varying adsorbent, contact time, initial pH, and concentration. The adsorption efficiency of the composite is five times higher than that of pure rGO. The adsorption mechanism of Cr(VI) onto the adsorbent is electrostatic interaction, complexation, pore filling, and reduction, identified through Zeta potential measurement, BET, EDX, and XPS analysis. These studies suggest that rGO/ZnO composite has great potency as a cost-effective and efficient adsorbent for removing Cr(VI) contaminants from industrial effluents.

Water-based or waterborne polyurethane matting resins find extensive application in surface coating to diminish gloss, offering a pleasant tactile experience and a matte aesthetic. This review represents the inaugural effort to consolidate the recent advancements in waterborne polyurethane matting resins, encompassing both physical and chemical matting types. The exploration commences with an introduction to a range of innovative matting agents tailored for the formulation of physical matting waterborne polyurethane resins. Subsequently, a thorough analysis and discussion unfold, delving into the synthesis, characterization, and matting mechanisms of chemical matting waterborne polyurethane resins. This comprehensive discussion draws upon a decade of dedicated research work by our group, contributing fresh perspectives to the evolution of chemical matting techniques. In conclusion, the review not only addresses the current state but also outlines potential challenges and future trends. This forward-looking perspective is intended to offer guidance for the design and synthesis of innovative waterborne polyurethane matting resins.

Pure waterjet surface treatment without abrasive particles has a promising application in the biomedical field, because it induces compressive residual stresses on a metal surface and never leaves the tiny hard particles. In this work, the influence of operation pressure, standoff distance and the number of paths of the waterjet on the surface topography as well as the hardness was studied using the Taguchi method. The results showed that the most essential parameter is the operation pressure. By tuning the operation pressure from 100 to 300 MPa, the surface of Ti6Al4V specimens can be smoothed, roughened or damaged; when the surface layer is eroded, the new-born surface exhibits a clear stochastic nature accompanied by microvoids. The standoff distance benefits finer controlling the height parameters, whilst the number of paths affects the waviness. The hardening effect generated by the waterjet impingement extends to a few hundred-micron depth of the specimens, and the peak value of microhardness was found at a depth of 70 μm, which is an increase by greater than 20 %. The roughness parameters of Arithmetical mean height (Sa), Skewness (Ssk), Auto-correlation length (Sal), and Developed interfacial area ratio (Sdr) as a set are recommended to characterize the biomaterial's surface. The present research results promote the application of waterjet treatment in the field of fine-tuning biomaterial surface morphology.