Pub Date : 2025-10-25DOI: 10.1016/j.measen.2025.101976
D.W.D. Ruwini Chathurangi, Ujithe S.W. Gunasekera, Ranga P. Abeysooriya
This paper presents a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) on clothing pressure (CP) measuring systems, emphasising studies related to underwear. CP is a key element contributing to fit comfort and has drawn attention from researchers in fit optimization of close-fit garments. As key contributions, the study explores four essential aspects: a typology for CP measurement techniques, the evolution of CP measurement, the challenges associated with measuring CP, and the criteria for choosing a CP measurement mechanism (i.e. clothing pressure sensors for a specific smart textile application. The authors further discuss the opportunities for improvements in existing CP measuring mechanisms, highlighting future avenues in the study area. Furthermore, to the best of the authors' knowledge, the study is unique in terms of systematically reviewing the theme of CP measuring of undergarments. This SLR disseminates comprehensive knowledge on CP, which is beneficial for academics to stimulate further scholarly research in future and industrialists to implement more objective and cost-effective approaches in enhancing the fit comfort of underwear. Knowledge contribution from this review is expected to promote the health of garment consumers through increasing the availability of comfort-fit underwear.
{"title":"Suitability and limitations of clothing pressure measuring techniques as applied to design of undergarments: A systematic review","authors":"D.W.D. Ruwini Chathurangi, Ujithe S.W. Gunasekera, Ranga P. Abeysooriya","doi":"10.1016/j.measen.2025.101976","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.measen.2025.101976","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper presents a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) on clothing pressure (CP) measuring systems, emphasising studies related to underwear. CP is a key element contributing to fit comfort and has drawn attention from researchers in fit optimization of close-fit garments. As key contributions, the study explores four essential aspects: a typology for CP measurement techniques, the evolution of CP measurement, the challenges associated with measuring CP, and the criteria for choosing a CP measurement mechanism (i.e. clothing pressure sensors for a specific smart textile application. The authors further discuss the opportunities for improvements in existing CP measuring mechanisms, highlighting future avenues in the study area. Furthermore, to the best of the authors' knowledge, the study is unique in terms of systematically reviewing the theme of CP measuring of undergarments. This SLR disseminates comprehensive knowledge on CP, which is beneficial for academics to stimulate further scholarly research in future and industrialists to implement more objective and cost-effective approaches in enhancing the fit comfort of underwear. Knowledge contribution from this review is expected to promote the health of garment consumers through increasing the availability of comfort-fit underwear.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34311,"journal":{"name":"Measurement Sensors","volume":"42 ","pages":"Article 101976"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145525730","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-10-25DOI: 10.1016/j.measen.2025.101975
Adel Majidi, Ahad Ghaemi
This study investigates detecting and measuring sulfur compounds techniques in the gas phase (SO2, H2S). These methods include conductive polymer, acoustic, carbon nanotubes, semiconductor-based metal oxide, and optical methods, each with advantages and limitations. Sensor parameters such as selectivity and sensitivity, power consumption, response and recovery time, operating temperature, detection limit, portability, etc. were investigated. In addition, operating conditions and the materials used in the construction of the sensors were investigated as well. In particular, metal oxide semiconductor materials have been considered the main candidates for gas detection since the first chemical-resistant gas sensors were built. Various metal oxides have been exploited for the evolution of gas sensing in academic and commercial platforms. The results showed that conductive polymer composite is a promising material to develop an effective gas sensor device, demonstrating the interactions between the material and the gas under ambient conditions. It produces a readout signal at room temperature without the need for a microheater. Optical and acoustic wave methods are superior to other methods due to features such as high sensitivity (ppb ranges), fast response time, easy operation in the absence of oxygen, not being affected by electromagnetic interference, and a very wide monitoring area, but they face problems such as miniaturization and high manufacturing costs.
{"title":"A comprehensive review of gas-phase sulfur compound detection and measurement techniques","authors":"Adel Majidi, Ahad Ghaemi","doi":"10.1016/j.measen.2025.101975","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.measen.2025.101975","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigates detecting and measuring sulfur compounds techniques in the gas phase (SO<sub>2</sub>, H<sub>2</sub>S). These methods include conductive polymer, acoustic, carbon nanotubes, semiconductor-based metal oxide, and optical methods, each with advantages and limitations. Sensor parameters such as selectivity and sensitivity, power consumption, response and recovery time, operating temperature, detection limit, portability, etc. were investigated. In addition, operating conditions and the materials used in the construction of the sensors were investigated as well. In particular, metal oxide semiconductor materials have been considered the main candidates for gas detection since the first chemical-resistant gas sensors were built. Various metal oxides have been exploited for the evolution of gas sensing in academic and commercial platforms. The results showed that conductive polymer composite is a promising material to develop an effective gas sensor device, demonstrating the interactions between the material and the gas under ambient conditions. It produces a readout signal at room temperature without the need for a microheater. Optical and acoustic wave methods are superior to other methods due to features such as high sensitivity (ppb ranges), fast response time, easy operation in the absence of oxygen, not being affected by electromagnetic interference, and a very wide monitoring area, but they face problems such as miniaturization and high manufacturing costs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34311,"journal":{"name":"Measurement Sensors","volume":"42 ","pages":"Article 101975"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145417746","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-10-21DOI: 10.1016/j.measen.2025.101974
Ali Mansi , László Dunai , Maosen Cao
Since the structural assessment of steel bridges relies on the data collected from structural health monitoring (SHM), measurement singularities should be mitigated for more precise assessment. The presence of noise in measured data may obscure significant details and resulting inaccurate structural conditions; therefore, the signal-denoising process is essential. This study focuses on the noise treatment of the measurements recorded by strain gauges implemented through the SHM system of the Southern Danube Railway Bridge (SDRB) in Budapest. In the study, a wavelet-based denoising approach is investigated by implementing five wavelet mother functions (Haar, Daubechies, Symlets, Coiflet, and Biorthogonal) conjugated by two universal (hard and soft) thresholding methods, which in turn use four threshold techniques (Sqtwolog, Rigrsure, Minimaxi, and Heursure) to eliminate the noise and preserving the critical signal details. Three evaluation metrics, signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), square root of the error (RMSE), and the correlation coefficient (CC), are used to estimate the denoising performance. Further smoothness refinement of the denoised signal is achieved by investigating two filtering techniques (lowpass and Savitzky-Golay). The performance of filters is examined by estimating the smoothness of the filtered signal. The study revealed that the wavelet mother functions have comparable results, and the hard thresholding method implementing the Rigrsure threshold technique and lowpass filter shows higher performance. Further validation of the proposed approach is achieved by comparing its performance with the contemporary denoising methods. To ensure the adaptability of the proposed strategy, it is applied to a measurement recorded from a different structural system.
{"title":"Wavelet-based denoising of structural health monitoring strain measurements","authors":"Ali Mansi , László Dunai , Maosen Cao","doi":"10.1016/j.measen.2025.101974","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.measen.2025.101974","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Since the structural assessment of steel bridges relies on the data collected from structural health monitoring (SHM), measurement singularities should be mitigated for more precise assessment. The presence of noise in measured data may obscure significant details and resulting inaccurate structural conditions; therefore, the signal-denoising process is essential. This study focuses on the noise treatment of the measurements recorded by strain gauges implemented through the SHM system of the Southern Danube Railway Bridge (SDRB) in Budapest. In the study, a wavelet-based denoising approach is investigated by implementing five wavelet mother functions (Haar, Daubechies, Symlets, Coiflet, and Biorthogonal) conjugated by two universal (hard and soft) thresholding methods, which in turn use four threshold techniques (Sqtwolog, Rigrsure, Minimaxi, and Heursure) to eliminate the noise and preserving the critical signal details. Three evaluation metrics, signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), square root of the error (RMSE), and the correlation coefficient (CC), are used to estimate the denoising performance. Further smoothness refinement of the denoised signal is achieved by investigating two filtering techniques (lowpass and Savitzky-Golay). The performance of filters is examined by estimating the smoothness of the filtered signal. The study revealed that the wavelet mother functions have comparable results, and the hard thresholding method implementing the Rigrsure threshold technique and lowpass filter shows higher performance. Further validation of the proposed approach is achieved by comparing its performance with the contemporary denoising methods. To ensure the adaptability of the proposed strategy, it is applied to a measurement recorded from a different structural system.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34311,"journal":{"name":"Measurement Sensors","volume":"42 ","pages":"Article 101974"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145364256","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-10-16DOI: 10.1016/j.measen.2025.101973
Iman Farhat , Raffaele Persico , Justin Stellini , Andrea Cataldo , Julian Bonello , Lourdes Farrugia
A novel methodology is introduced for measuring the dielectric properties of materials using a bifilar transmission line for material characterisation. The investigation targets liquids and semi-solid media, including gels, pastes, and moist soils, with dielectric properties measured across the frequency range of 0.3 to 1.5 GHz. Conventional dielectric measurement methods often face limitations when dealing with heterogeneous or high-loss materials, such as soil, biological tissues, and various liquid compositions. Leveraging a dual-rod configuration, the proposed bifilar line enables a precise dielectric assessment by optimising the interaction between the sample and the measurement field. Experimental results demonstrate the technique’s efficacy in capturing key dielectric parameters, including permittivity and loss tangent. The findings suggest that this approach not only enhances measurement accuracy for complex materials but also offers potential for in-situ and real-time applications in environmental monitoring, agriculture, and material science.
{"title":"A novel approach for measuring dielectric properties of materials using multi-length bifilar technique","authors":"Iman Farhat , Raffaele Persico , Justin Stellini , Andrea Cataldo , Julian Bonello , Lourdes Farrugia","doi":"10.1016/j.measen.2025.101973","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.measen.2025.101973","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A novel methodology is introduced for measuring the dielectric properties of materials using a bifilar transmission line for material characterisation. The investigation targets liquids and semi-solid media, including gels, pastes, and moist soils, with dielectric properties measured across the frequency range of 0.3 to 1.5 GHz. Conventional dielectric measurement methods often face limitations when dealing with heterogeneous or high-loss materials, such as soil, biological tissues, and various liquid compositions. Leveraging a dual-rod configuration, the proposed bifilar line enables a precise dielectric assessment by optimising the interaction between the sample and the measurement field. Experimental results demonstrate the technique’s efficacy in capturing key dielectric parameters, including permittivity and loss tangent. The findings suggest that this approach not only enhances measurement accuracy for complex materials but also offers potential for in-situ and real-time applications in environmental monitoring, agriculture, and material science.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34311,"journal":{"name":"Measurement Sensors","volume":"42 ","pages":"Article 101973"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145364239","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-09-29DOI: 10.1016/j.measen.2025.101972
Ramiro Armengolt Núñez , Ebelia Del Angel Meraz , Juana Canul-Reich , Mayra Agustina Pantoja Castro , Karla María Aguilar Castro
The presence of leaks in pipeline systems that transport fuel or drinking water causes economic losses and environmental impact. To minimize these effects, the leak must be detected in real time. In this sense, the Negative Pressure Wave (NPW) method shows high efficiency. However, it has been reported that it emits false leak alarms, since NPWs originating outside the monitored section are detected as leaks. Therefore, in this work, the behavior of NPWs originating inside and outside a pipeline section monitored by two pressure sensors was evaluated, to find a parameter that allows them to be differentiated. To do this, NPWs were generated, with known origin points with respect to the location of the sensors. When generating the NPWs, it was observed that the Delay Time (DT) to be detected by both sensors is maximum when the NPWs are generated outside the monitored section and minimum when the NPWs are generated at 50 % of the length between the sensors. Therefore, it is concluded that by quantifying the Tr parameter of the NPWs in the sensors, leaks generated outside the monitored section can be discriminated, reducing false alarms.
{"title":"Parameter to minimize false alarms in Negative Pressure Wave leak detection systems","authors":"Ramiro Armengolt Núñez , Ebelia Del Angel Meraz , Juana Canul-Reich , Mayra Agustina Pantoja Castro , Karla María Aguilar Castro","doi":"10.1016/j.measen.2025.101972","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.measen.2025.101972","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The presence of leaks in pipeline systems that transport fuel or drinking water causes economic losses and environmental impact. To minimize these effects, the leak must be detected in real time. In this sense, the Negative Pressure Wave (NPW) method shows high efficiency. However, it has been reported that it emits false leak alarms, since NPWs originating outside the monitored section are detected as leaks. Therefore, in this work, the behavior of NPWs originating inside and outside a pipeline section monitored by two pressure sensors was evaluated, to find a parameter that allows them to be differentiated. To do this, NPWs were generated, with known origin points with respect to the location of the sensors. When generating the NPWs, it was observed that the Delay Time (DT) to be detected by both sensors is maximum when the NPWs are generated outside the monitored section and minimum when the NPWs are generated at 50 % of the length between the sensors. Therefore, it is concluded that by quantifying the Tr parameter of the NPWs in the sensors, leaks generated outside the monitored section can be discriminated, reducing false alarms.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34311,"journal":{"name":"Measurement Sensors","volume":"42 ","pages":"Article 101972"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145189960","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-09-17DOI: 10.1016/j.measen.2025.101970
G. Sujatha , Badrinath N. , Ch. Sarada , C. Sateesh Kumar Reddy , M. Sudhakara
In recent years, there has been a significant increase in interest in human activity recognition (HAR), primarily driven by the development of sensor-based technologies and their applications in various fields, including security, healthcare, and personal fitness. HAR systems have been the subject of numerous studies, most of which have concentrated on identifying everyday human activities. There is still a need to address the unique requirements of senior citizens, whose physical activity patterns vary due to age-related factors. Challenges with accuracy, flexibility of data collection, and dataset restrictions (e.g., few classifications and small sample sizes) emerge in the particular geriatric HAR setting. These problems hinder the development of reliable systems that accurately identify and track the activities of the elderly. In this research, a new approach to Elderly Activity Recognition is presented, based on a self-made Sensor-Enabled Android App that records movement features to produce a complete dataset with six different classes. We propose a hybrid model that combines Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN) and Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) to address the issues mentioned above, thereby offering improved accuracy and adaptability. With a high accuracy of 98.60%, our model outperformed earlier methods by a wide margin. The model performed well when we assessed it using the following metrics: area under the curve (AUC), recall, F-score, and precision. The precision, recall, and f-score values are accordingly 98.90%, 96.79%, and 96.12%. The study’s findings offer valuable insights for developing systems that effectively identify and track the activities of the elderly, thereby enhancing their safety and overall well-being.Although the model is designed for elderly activity detection, it can be applied to a broader range of applications, including general human activity recognition, fitness tracking, rehabilitation monitoring, and fall detection.
{"title":"Enhancing elderly activity recognition and safety through a hybrid deep learning model","authors":"G. Sujatha , Badrinath N. , Ch. Sarada , C. Sateesh Kumar Reddy , M. Sudhakara","doi":"10.1016/j.measen.2025.101970","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.measen.2025.101970","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In recent years, there has been a significant increase in interest in human activity recognition (HAR), primarily driven by the development of sensor-based technologies and their applications in various fields, including security, healthcare, and personal fitness. HAR systems have been the subject of numerous studies, most of which have concentrated on identifying everyday human activities. There is still a need to address the unique requirements of senior citizens, whose physical activity patterns vary due to age-related factors. Challenges with accuracy, flexibility of data collection, and dataset restrictions (e.g., few classifications and small sample sizes) emerge in the particular geriatric HAR setting. These problems hinder the development of reliable systems that accurately identify and track the activities of the elderly. In this research, a new approach to Elderly Activity Recognition is presented, based on a self-made Sensor-Enabled Android App that records movement features to produce a complete dataset with six different classes. We propose a hybrid model that combines Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN) and Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) to address the issues mentioned above, thereby offering improved accuracy and adaptability. With a high accuracy of 98.60%, our model outperformed earlier methods by a wide margin. The model performed well when we assessed it using the following metrics: area under the curve (AUC), recall, F-score, and precision. The precision, recall, and f-score values are accordingly 98.90%, 96.79%, and 96.12%. The study’s findings offer valuable insights for developing systems that effectively identify and track the activities of the elderly, thereby enhancing their safety and overall well-being.Although the model is designed for elderly activity detection, it can be applied to a broader range of applications, including general human activity recognition, fitness tracking, rehabilitation monitoring, and fall detection.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34311,"journal":{"name":"Measurement Sensors","volume":"41 ","pages":"Article 101970"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145119541","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-09-10DOI: 10.1016/j.measen.2025.101971
Jinshuo Ma , Ningfeng Zhang , Tao Zhang , Jinyu Ma , Jian Li , Xinjing Huang
Marine buoys commonly employ electronic compasses to measure their azimuth angles under the requirements for low power consumption and high precision. After installation on buoys, geomagnetic electronic compasses often suffer from measurement errors in azimuth angles due to manufacturing errors and magnetic interference from the buoy structure. This paper presents a two-step compensation method for azimuth measurement errors of electronic compass based on rotational step error fitting. In the first step, before installation on the buoy, the magnetometer of the electronic compass is calibrated using the ellipsoidal fitting method, which requires arbitrary rotation of the lightweight compass around multiple different axes. In the second step, after mounting the electronic compass inside the buoy, stepwise rotations are performed to collect azimuth measurement errors at various angles. The least squares method is then applied to fit the developed error function relative to rotation angle to generate compensation values for various azimuths, which are used for secondary error compensation. Experimental results demonstrate that using azimuth angles calculated by high-precision satellite positioning devices as absolute reference values, the measurement accuracy of azimuth angles reaches 0.6° after applying the proposed compensation method to the electronic compass. This approach avoids the use of three-dimensional rotation operations or large Helmholtz coils and is therefore simple and suitable for field operation.
{"title":"Two-step compensation via rotational stepping error fitting for precise azimuth measurement with electronic compass","authors":"Jinshuo Ma , Ningfeng Zhang , Tao Zhang , Jinyu Ma , Jian Li , Xinjing Huang","doi":"10.1016/j.measen.2025.101971","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.measen.2025.101971","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Marine buoys commonly employ electronic compasses to measure their azimuth angles under the requirements for low power consumption and high precision. After installation on buoys, geomagnetic electronic compasses often suffer from measurement errors in azimuth angles due to manufacturing errors and magnetic interference from the buoy structure. This paper presents a two-step compensation method for azimuth measurement errors of electronic compass based on rotational step error fitting. In the first step, before installation on the buoy, the magnetometer of the electronic compass is calibrated using the ellipsoidal fitting method, which requires arbitrary rotation of the lightweight compass around multiple different axes. In the second step, after mounting the electronic compass inside the buoy, stepwise rotations are performed to collect azimuth measurement errors at various angles. The least squares method is then applied to fit the developed error function relative to rotation angle to generate compensation values for various azimuths, which are used for secondary error compensation. Experimental results demonstrate that using azimuth angles calculated by high-precision satellite positioning devices as absolute reference values, the measurement accuracy of azimuth angles reaches 0.6° after applying the proposed compensation method to the electronic compass. This approach avoids the use of three-dimensional rotation operations or large Helmholtz coils and is therefore simple and suitable for field operation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34311,"journal":{"name":"Measurement Sensors","volume":"41 ","pages":"Article 101971"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145048510","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
– A new broadband technique based on combining the lumped and distributed elements with the sample under test (SUT) trapped inside the hole of the five-side-closed copper cavity and fed by a flat termination SMA (open-coaxial probe) is developed to determine the dielectric constant (DK) and dissipation factor (DF) and described in this paper. The method novelty expresses the relationship between the effective and relative permittivities through a second-degree polynomial function with three unknown complex coefficients, each of which is dependent on a specific frequency. The technique utilizes only the standard materials DK within a particular range to determine the required coefficients, including probe-cavity interface effects. That's for reaching an expected accuracy better than 5 % on the DK. The method offers the possibility of extracting up to DF. The SUT is a square with a side length of 4.1 mm and a thickness of 510 μm. The Fused Quartz and Alumina 99.5 % have been tested in the 0.24–18.0 GHz frequency range, utilizing the measurement bench associated with the vector network analyzer (VNA) radiofrequency equipment. All measurements are made in two configurations: the cavity (trapping device) is filled with vacuum (as a reference), followed by the SUT (sample to be characterized).
{"title":"Coaxial probe ended by a metallic cavity cell to determine the material dielectric constant and dissipation factor","authors":"Franck Moukanda Mbango , Micke Ghislain Lountala , Omar Christian Massamba","doi":"10.1016/j.measen.2025.101969","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.measen.2025.101969","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>–</em> A new broadband technique based on combining the lumped and distributed elements with the sample under test (SUT) trapped inside the hole of the five-side-closed copper cavity and fed by a flat termination SMA (open-coaxial probe) is developed to determine the dielectric constant (DK) and dissipation factor (DF) and described in this paper. The method novelty expresses the relationship between the effective and relative permittivities through a second-degree polynomial function with three unknown complex coefficients, each of which is dependent on a specific frequency. The technique utilizes only the standard materials DK within a particular range to determine the required coefficients, including probe-cavity interface effects. That's for reaching an expected accuracy better than 5 % on the DK. The method offers the possibility of extracting up to <span><math><mrow><msup><mn>10</mn><mrow><mo>−</mo><mn>4</mn></mrow></msup></mrow></math></span> DF. The SUT is a square with a side length of 4.1 mm and a thickness of 510 μm. The Fused Quartz and Alumina 99.5 % have been tested in the 0.24–18.0 GHz frequency range, utilizing the measurement bench associated with the vector network analyzer (VNA) radiofrequency equipment. All measurements are made in two configurations: the cavity (trapping device) is filled with vacuum (as a reference), followed by the SUT (sample to be characterized).</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34311,"journal":{"name":"Measurement Sensors","volume":"40 ","pages":"Article 101969"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144739656","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-07-09DOI: 10.1016/j.measen.2025.101968
Erick O. Castañeda Magadán , Laura L. Castro Gomez , José A. Marbán Salgado , Miguel A. Basurto Pensado , Víctor M. Zezatti Flores , Oscar Sotelo Mazón
This study presents the calculation of hydraulic efficiency in a variable-speed centrifugal pump using the Thermodynamic Method, employing a cost-effective, adapted data acquisition system to obtain key variables. The proposed equipment complies with the criteria established by the “International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) 60041” Standard for applying the Thermodynamic Method to the pump. Temperature and pressure measurements at the suction and discharge section of the turbomachine provide real-time data for hydraulic efficiency calculation. The temperature and pressure (key variables) are recorded through an open access system integrated with commercial software that offers a user-friendly interface. Experimental tests conducted at different rotational speeds in the pump allow for the efficiency curves based on the temperature difference between the pump's inlet and outlet. The results indicate a maximum hydraulic efficiency of 50.52 % at a rotational speed of 276 rad/s with an error of 1.65 % compared to the theoretical efficiency and an average error of 7.49 % across the entire rotational speed range (220 rad/s – 371 rad/s). With an error margin below 10 % across the tested rotational speed range, the adapted module ensures reliable efficiency results for water temperatures ranging from 20 °C to 46 °C.
{"title":"Calculation of efficiency in a centrifugal pump using the thermodynamic method through an adapted voltage acquisition module","authors":"Erick O. Castañeda Magadán , Laura L. Castro Gomez , José A. Marbán Salgado , Miguel A. Basurto Pensado , Víctor M. Zezatti Flores , Oscar Sotelo Mazón","doi":"10.1016/j.measen.2025.101968","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.measen.2025.101968","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study presents the calculation of hydraulic efficiency in a variable-speed centrifugal pump using the Thermodynamic Method, employing a cost-effective, adapted data acquisition system to obtain key variables. The proposed equipment complies with the criteria established by the “International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) 60041” Standard for applying the Thermodynamic Method to the pump. Temperature and pressure measurements at the suction and discharge section of the turbomachine provide real-time data for hydraulic efficiency calculation. The temperature and pressure (key variables) are recorded through an open access system integrated with commercial software that offers a user-friendly interface. Experimental tests conducted at different rotational speeds in the pump allow for the efficiency curves based on the temperature difference between the pump's inlet and outlet. The results indicate a maximum hydraulic efficiency of 50.52 % at a rotational speed of 276 rad/s with an error of 1.65 % compared to the theoretical efficiency and an average error of 7.49 % across the entire rotational speed range (220 rad/s – 371 rad/s). With an error margin below 10 % across the tested rotational speed range, the adapted module ensures reliable efficiency results for water temperatures ranging from 20 °C to 46 °C.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34311,"journal":{"name":"Measurement Sensors","volume":"40 ","pages":"Article 101968"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144595628","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-07-02DOI: 10.1016/j.measen.2025.101967
Taher M. Ghazal , Ali Q. Saeed , Mosleh M. Abualhaj , Taj-Aldeen Naser Abdali , Munir Ahmad
Continuous monitoring of the State of Health (SOH) in Lithium-ion (Li-ion) batteries is crucial for ensuring operational reliability and safety in powered devices. This paper presents a novel Classifier-Pursued Maintenance Index Scheme (CPMI) that leverages Fiber Bragg Grating (FBG) sensor measurements for sustainable SOH monitoring and maintenance scheduling. The CPMI framework processes real-time temperature and strain measurements from strategically placed FBG sensors during charge-discharge cycles to estimate battery capacity degradation and determine maintenance requirements. The proposed system employs a support vector-based classification algorithm that categorizes operational states based on FBG sensor data streams, identifying deviations from optimal temperature and voltage ranges. This classification approach generates a quantitative maintenance index that enables systematic assessment scheduling rather than arbitrary inspections. Experimental validation over 200 charge-discharge cycles demonstrates the CPMI system's effectiveness, achieving a maintenance state identification accuracy of 0.95, 75 % classification success rate, classification latency of 0.1 s, precision exceeding 0.95, and an assessment reliability of 0.98. Integrating FBG sensors with the CPMI framework provides a robust Li-ion battery SOH monitoring solution, enabling predictive maintenance strategies and enhanced power management capabilities. The proposed system demonstrates significant potential for improving battery lifecycle management and operational reliability in various applications.
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