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Contribution to the calibration of current transformers with a rated secondary current of less than 1A 协助校正额定二次电流小于1A的电流互感器
Q4 Engineering Pub Date : 2025-05-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.measen.2024.101428
Dragana Naumovic-Vukovic, Slobodan Skundric
Standardized values of current transformers with the rated secondary currents of 5 A and 1 A are defined according to the requirements of analog measuring and relay techniques that were typical for the technology of the last century. The development of microprocessor technics and technology as well as digitalization processes in transmission and distribution sectors of power industry requires rated secondary currents of current transformers of less than 1A. That implies different technical and technology difficulties in manufacturing such transformers as well as its accuracy testing. This paper is contribution to the calibration of current transformers with the rated secondary currents of less than 1A. The paper presents a new, modified differential measurement method that enables the calibration of the current transformers with the rated secondary current of less than 1A using a standard current transformer with the rated secondary current of 5A.
额定二次电流为5a和1a的电流互感器的标准值是根据上世纪典型的模拟测量和继电器技术的要求定义的。随着电力工业输配电领域微处理器技术和数字化进程的发展,要求电流互感器额定二次电流小于1A。这意味着在制造这种变压器及其精度测试方面存在不同的技术和技术困难。本文对额定二次电流小于1A的电流互感器的标定有一定的贡献。本文提出了一种改进的差动测量新方法,可以用额定二次电流为5A的标准电流互感器对额定二次电流小于1A的电流互感器进行校准。
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引用次数: 0
Research on load frequency control of new power system based on improved sparrow search algorithm 基于改进麻雀搜索算法的新型电力系统负荷频率控制研究
Q4 Engineering Pub Date : 2025-05-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.measen.2024.101432
Yuxin Zhang, Xueyao Wang, Xiangchen Qian, Yifan Wang, Xingxing Zeng, Qin Wang
To improve power quality and power system stability, load frequency control (LFC) is introduced. The object of load frequency control has been transformed into a new power system with the participation of renewable energy sources with characteristics such as randomness, intermittentness, and volatility. In the interconnected power system, the control of load frequency plays an important role in the control of actual power, frequency, and link power. This paper mainly constructs a three-region interconnected power system model of wind, solar, thermal, and storage, combines fuzzy control and Proportional-Integral-Derivative (PID) control to build a fuzzy PID controller, uses the performance index time absolute error integral (ITAE) as the objective function, and an improved Sparrow search algorithm is used to optimize the proportional parameters of the fuzzy controller and the initial values of the PID controller, and the frequency deviation and the contact line deviation of the system are controlled in a smaller range.
为了提高电能质量和电力系统的稳定性,引入了负荷频率控制(LFC)。负荷频率控制的对象已转变为具有随机性、间歇性和波动性等特点的可再生能源参与的新型电力系统。在互联电力系统中,负荷频率的控制在实际功率、频率和链路功率的控制中起着重要的作用。本文主要构建风能、太阳能、热能和储能三区互联电力系统模型,将模糊控制与比例积分导数(PID)控制相结合,构建模糊PID控制器,以性能指标时间绝对误差积分(ITAE)作为目标函数,采用改进的Sparrow搜索算法对模糊控制器的比例参数和PID控制器的初值进行优化。系统的频率偏差和接触线偏差被控制在较小的范围内。
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引用次数: 0
Scaled test bench for the measurement of a hybrid full-electric powertrain efficiency 用于测量混合动力全电动动力系统效率的比例测试台
Q4 Engineering Pub Date : 2025-05-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.measen.2024.101433
Livio D'Alvia , Gabriele Gagliardi , Ludovica Apa , Carmine Cava , Emanuele Rizzuto , Domenico Borello , Zaccaria Del Prete
In the evolving landscape of transportation, sustainability and efficiency are priorities. Hybrid energy systems, integrating batteries, fuel cells, or solar power, offer promising solutions but pose challenges in accurately measuring efficiency. The proposed Measurement Scale Bench is crucial for evaluating traction systems powered by hybrid sources. It simulates real-world scenarios, balancing energy management through hydrogen fuel cells and batteries. The system comprises three blocks: one for fuel cells, one for batteries, and one for propulsion, hydrogen consumption measurement, and motor performance evaluation. Experimental tests validate its effectiveness in replicating urban and exurban cycles, making it an ideal scale model for hybrid vehicles, following the UNI EN 1986–1:1998. It reveals consistent behaviour between engine energy demand, speed variations, and energy storage responses, providing valuable insights for hybrid vehicle development. Moreover, the bench's modularity not only supports diverse system configurations but also serves as an educational tool, inspiring and promoting innovation in sustainable transportation.
在不断发展的交通格局中,可持续性和效率是优先考虑的问题。混合能源系统,集成电池、燃料电池或太阳能,提供了有前途的解决方案,但在准确测量效率方面提出了挑战。所提出的测量尺度台架对于评估混合动力牵引系统至关重要。它模拟了现实世界的场景,通过氢燃料电池和电池来平衡能源管理。该系统包括三个模块:一个用于燃料电池,一个用于电池,一个用于推进、氢消耗测量和电机性能评估。实验测试验证了它在复制城市和郊区循环方面的有效性,使其成为混合动力汽车的理想比例模型,遵循UNI EN 1986 - 1:20 98。它揭示了发动机能量需求、速度变化和能量存储响应之间的一致行为,为混合动力汽车的开发提供了有价值的见解。此外,长凳的模块化不仅支持不同的系统配置,还可以作为教育工具,激励和促进可持续交通的创新。
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引用次数: 0
Online impedance estimation of induction motor coils using a CS-based measurement method 基于cs测量方法的感应电机线圈阻抗在线估计
Q4 Engineering Pub Date : 2025-05-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.measen.2024.101425
Jozef Kromka , Antonia Juskova , Ondrej Kovac , Jan Saliga , Pasquale Daponte , Luca De Vito , Francesco Picariello , Sergio Rapuano , Ioan Tudosa
This paper introduces a novel measurement method utilizing the Compressed Sensing (CS) technique that enables the real-time estimation of impedance variation in an induction motor coil. Herein, a mathematical model of the proposed measurement method is described, and thereafter the motor coil impedance model and the method's numerical assessment in terms of root-mean-squared error as a main figure-of-merit for method validation are presented. The preliminary results indicate that the proposed measurement method has the potential for sensing motor coil impedance variation with good accuracy. This capability could be further used for non-contact inside motor temperature estimation or for detecting motor faults.
本文介绍了一种利用压缩感知(CS)技术实时测量感应电机线圈阻抗变化的新方法。本文首先描述了所提出的测量方法的数学模型,然后给出了电机线圈阻抗模型和以均方根误差作为方法验证的主要优值的方法的数值评估。初步结果表明,所提出的测量方法具有较好的检测电机线圈阻抗变化的潜力。这种能力可以进一步用于非接触式电机内部温度估计或检测电机故障。
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引用次数: 0
Calibration of high-capacity scales using hydraulics instead of weights: Metrological traceability and measurement uncertainty 用液压代替砝码校准大容量秤:计量溯源性和测量不确定度
Q4 Engineering Pub Date : 2025-05-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.measen.2024.101355
Daniel Eisenbarth , Helmut Schunn , Christian Müller-Schöll , Klaus Fritsch , Ferenc Murányi
The calibration of non-automatic weighing instruments with a capacity of several tons, such as processing tanks, requires significant efforts and poses safety risks to calibration technicians. In response to these challenges, METTLER TOLEDO has developed a calibration method utilizing hydraulic actuators and force measurements, which has achieved ISO 17025 accreditation in several countries. This article outlines how hydraulic calibration can be aligned with traditional calibration standards, such as EURAMET Calibration Guide 18, and how traceability to the SI unit of mass can be ensured. An approach for calculating measurement uncertainty at calibration is discussed. Calibration results demonstrate high agreement between traditional calibration with test weights and the new hydraulic force calibration.
处理罐等容量达数吨的非自动称重仪器的校准需要付出巨大的努力,并给校准技术人员带来安全风险。为了应对这些挑战,梅特勒-托利多开发了一种利用液压执行器和力测量的校准方法,该方法已在多个国家获得ISO 17025认证。本文概述了液压校准如何与传统校准标准(如EURAMET校准指南18)保持一致,以及如何确保对SI质量单位的可追溯性。讨论了标定时测量不确定度的计算方法。标定结果表明,传统的试验砝码标定与新型液压力标定具有较高的一致性。
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引用次数: 0
A self-centring device designed for mass comparators 一种为质量比较器设计的自定心装置
Q4 Engineering Pub Date : 2025-05-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.measen.2024.101358
Zhongqi Xiong, Liyuan Cheng, Yi Su
By means of a symmetric kinematic pair consisting of arc-shaped guide rails and rollers, a self-centring device was designed to achieve self-centring of high-class, large-mass weights during calibration. Achieving self-centring can reduce the influence of the load offset error on the mass comparator accuracy. Experiments were performed to verify the effectiveness of the self-centring device by comparing measurements gathered with and without use of the device. The results showed that the self-centring device reduced the load offset error of the mass comparator and improved the calibration accuracy.
利用圆弧型导轨和滚子组成的对称运动副,设计了一种自定心装置,实现了高质量、大质量砝码在标定过程中的自定心。实现自定心可以减小负载偏移误差对质量比较器精度的影响。通过比较使用和不使用该装置时收集的测量数据,进行了实验以验证自定心装置的有效性。结果表明,该自定心装置减小了质量比较器的负载偏移误差,提高了校准精度。
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引用次数: 0
Development of high accuracy torque standard machine in China 国内高精度扭矩标准机的研制
Q4 Engineering Pub Date : 2025-05-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.measen.2024.101346
Li Tao , Ji Jiangang , Wu Hao , Qi Hongli , Lin Jing , Chang Shuoyuan , Zhang Zhimin
China's first torque standard device was established in 1977, developed by Shanghai Marine Equipment Research Institute, and its measuring range is 3000 N m. In 1987, Shanghai Marine Equipment Research Institute developed two torque standard devices, 30 kN m and 200 N m, and established China's first torque measurement and testing laboratory. Over the next 30 years, Shanghai Marine Equipment Research Institute and Chinese Academy of Metrology have developed 2000 N m automatic torque standard device, 20 kN m air bearing torque standard device, 50 kN·m lever torque standard device, 200 kN·m dead weight torque standard device, 200 kN m reference torque standard device, 100 N m negative step torque standard Device, 600 kN m reference dynamic torque standard device, standard torque wrench calibration device, 1 N·m torque standard device and so on. This paper introduces the principle, classification, structure, core components, range, accuracy and other indicators of China's current torque standard device, as well as the next step of China's torque standard to 5 MN m and 10−8 N·m limit development needs, and finally will establish the full traceability chain of super torque and micro torque standards to meet the needs of China's ships, wind power and other super torque and micro machinery torque traceability.
中国第一个扭矩标准装置成立于1977年,由上海船舶装备研究所研制,其测量范围为3000n m。1987年,上海船舶装备研究所研制出30kn m和200n m两个扭矩标准装置,并建立了中国第一个扭矩测量与测试实验室。在此后的30年里,上海船舶装备研究所和中国计量研究院先后研制了2000kn·m自动扭矩标准装置、20kn·m气轴承扭矩标准装置、50kn·m杠杆扭矩标准装置、200kn·m自重扭矩标准装置、200kn·m参考扭矩标准装置、100n m负阶矩标准装置、600kn m参考动态扭矩标准装置、标准扭矩扳手校准装置、1 N·m扭矩标准装置等。本文介绍了中国目前扭矩标准装置的原理、分类、结构、核心部件、量程、精度等指标,以及下一步中国扭矩标准向5 MN·m和10−8 N·m极限发展的需求,最终将建立超扭矩和微扭矩标准的全溯源链,以满足中国船舶、风电等超扭矩和微机械的扭矩溯源需求。
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引用次数: 0
Initial study of linking quartz crystal microbalance sensed nanograms to laser power 石英晶体微天平感测纳米图与激光功率连接的初步研究
Q4 Engineering Pub Date : 2025-05-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.measen.2024.101348
Di Wu, Jian Wang, Ruilin Zhong, Changqing Cai
In this study, an optical system for linking quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) sensed nanograms to laser power has been demonstrated by hybridising a laser power measuring system with a QCM. QCM sensed masses are linked with equivalent masses of the photon radiance force at nanogram level with acceptable differences and/or errors. For laser power at 5.78 mW–85.1 mW, equivalent masses of photon radiance force are 2.78 ng–40.96 ng, respectively. Correspondingly, mass dependent resonant frequency shifts sensed by QCM are 0.88 Hz–10.83 Hz, indicating that QCM sensed mass changes are 3.53 ng–43.32 ng, respectively. Updates and improvement toward the measurement system are still needed to get rid of the small differences and/or errors between photon radiance force equivalent masses and QCM sensed masses. The calibrations of the geometry and optical instrument are necessary for translating this method into traceable applications.
在这项研究中,通过将激光功率测量系统与石英晶体微平衡(QCM)混合,展示了一种将石英晶体微平衡(QCM)感测纳米图与激光功率连接起来的光学系统。QCM感测质量与纳克级光子辐射力的等效质量相关联,具有可接受的差异和/或误差。当激光功率为5.78 mW - 85.1 mW时,光子辐射力的等效质量分别为2.78 ng - 40.96 ng。相应地,QCM感知的质量相关谐振频移为0.88 Hz - 10.83 Hz,表明QCM感知的质量变化分别为3.53 ng - 43.32 ng。为了消除光子辐射力等效质量与QCM传感质量之间的微小差异和误差,测量系统还需要进行更新和改进。为了将该方法转化为可追溯的应用,必须对几何和光学仪器进行校准。
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引用次数: 0
Digital force sensors and challenges for their calibration 数字力传感器及其校准的挑战
Q4 Engineering Pub Date : 2025-05-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.measen.2024.101336
Thomas Kleckers
The traditional force measurement chain consists of the force transducer itself, a connection cable, an amplifier module with interface or display to give out the measurement data.
Smart sensors are a combination of all components, meaning the sensing element, the amplifier module and the interface are combined in a single unit. Therefore, the new digital sensors are measurement chains which require some attention concerning the calibration procedure.
传统的力测量链由力传感器本身、连接电缆、带接口或显示测量数据的放大模块组成。智能传感器是所有组件的组合,即传感元件,放大器模块和接口组合在一个单元中。因此,新型数字传感器是测量链,在校准过程中需要注意。
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引用次数: 0
Ecologizing STEM education: Measuring and managing for stakeholder empowerment 生态STEM教育:利益相关者赋权的测量和管理
Q4 Engineering Pub Date : 2025-05-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.measen.2024.101311
William P. Fisher Jr., Jan Morrison
Ecologizing education by situating it in the workplace and other environments in which new learning is applied improves outcomes by structuring personal experiences connecting knowledge and its use. Since 2015, an international movement of formal and informal educators, employers, government offices, philanthropists, and community groups have collaborated to ecologize science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) learning with the aim of facilitating the creation of otherwise unimaginable future technical and career developments. Ecologizing requires coordinating these groups' activities while they operate at differing micro, meso, and macro levels. Ostrom's theory of participatory social ecologies implies a mathematical model of hierarchically complex relations of data, instruments, and theory. The Caliper measurement system structures the STEM learning ecosystems' communications at these three levels with the aim of maximizing evolutionary potentials, doing so by providing processes of natural selection with opportunities for amplifying innovative new forms of sociotechnical life adaptively integrated with their environments.
将教育置于工作场所和其他应用新知识的环境中,从而实现教育的生态化,通过构建连接知识及其使用的个人经验来改善结果。自2015年以来,正式和非正式教育工作者、雇主、政府部门、慈善家和社区团体共同发起了一场国际运动,旨在促进科学、技术、工程和数学(STEM)学习的生态化,以促进创造原本难以想象的未来技术和职业发展。生态化需要在不同的微观、中观和宏观层面协调这些群体的活动。奥斯特罗姆的参与式社会生态学理论暗示了数据、工具和理论之间层次复杂关系的数学模型。Caliper测量系统在这三个层次上构建STEM学习生态系统的通信,目的是最大化进化潜力,通过为自然选择过程提供机会,扩大社会技术生活的创新新形式,使其适应环境。
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引用次数: 0
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Measurement Sensors
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